CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Retaining walls are not a new concept. Walls used to retain masses of soil have been

around for thousands of years and were used in virtually every civilization in history.

Geotechnical engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with soils as engineering

materials; a retaining wall is any geotechnical structure which is used to retain a mass of soil that

would otherwise tend to move down slope due to gravity and stresses acting within the soil

(Terzaghi et al, 1996). There are generally two classifications of retaining walls: externally

stabilized walls which use heavy materials on the outside of the soil mass to resist soil

movement, and internally stabilized walls which utilize artificial reinforcements placed in the

soil to carry tensile loads and stabilize the soil mass (Khan and Sikder, 2004). Retaining walls

have many different uses. Walls are often used to achieve desired changes in ground elevation

which exceed the natural slope. Walls can be used to stabilize ground slopes, for example if

removing the lower part of a hillside for a road would create an unstable slope, a retaining wall

could be constructed to provide resistance to soil movement. Walls can be used to prevent

erosion and ground sloughing by creating a barrier to soil particles moving down the slope. And

certain types of soil retention systems also have unique applications such as bridge abutments

and stream crossings. Retaining walls can be found everywhere from urban centers to rural farm

lands, and across almost every resource and industrial sector.

 In Zamboanga City, the researchers aim to Redesign retaining wall to use their own

weight to resist the lateral earth pressures, and protect river bank at villa sta. maria river side

street.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research aims to redesign retaining wall, specifically to answer the ff. questions

1. What will be the height of the retaining wall?

2. In redesigning existing retaining wall, is it necessary to construct block by block?

3.

1.3 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

1.3.1 SCOPE

This study on the redesigning of retaining wall consists of the following scope:

a.

b.

c. The different software that will be used in this study are the following:

a. Microsoft Word 2010

b. Microsoft Excel 2010

c. AutoCad 2015

d. Sketch up 2008
 1.3.2 LIMITATIONS

This study is limited to the following considerations:

a. Construction Project Management(CPM) of the reconstruction of riprap which

includes:

 Manpower Allocation (Resources Allocation)

 Activity-on-Arrow (AoA)

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is important to the following:

 Civil Engineers: This study provides information about how to redesign riprap.

 Civil Engineering Students: This study serves as a reference and guide to those who

intend similar or related research.

Redesign of Retaining Wall at villa sta. maria

Presented to:

The faculty of the College of Engineering and Technology

Zamboanga Peninsula Polytechnic State University

Zamboanga City

In partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Sitti, Kamsa Hamida

Mendoza, Crisaldie

Tan, Patrick Ray

Pantas, Shervin