“DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT SECURITY LIGHT SENSING

ALARM USING LDR”

A Research Project Presented to the Faculty of the Senior High School

David M. Puzon Memorial National High School

Curva, Pamplona, Cagayan

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the subject Practical Research II

KRISTA LEIGH ROLDAN

JULY ANN CABIAS
IAN CASTILLO
EARNEST LEE SADAMA
EDMAR CASTILLO
ERICKSON VENTURA
JAY BRYAN ZUNEGA
RYAN AGCAOILI
REYMON JAY PULIDO
MARK KENNEDY CALILIT
JAMES PATRICK VENTURA
CARLO DELOS SANTOS
JAYSON RODRIGUEZ
LORD KEVIN SIBAYAN
JAYLORD AGSAO
DOMINIC OLIVAS

TVL-EIM 12
2019
 Chapter I

A. Introduction

The world seems to be rapidly evolving towards modernization and continuously

gearing up on becoming a technology-driven planet because of the changes technology

offers. Security Alarm are gaining increase importance in recent times to protect life and

valuable resources, many advance method of providing security have been developed and are

in use in the last few decade. One important area is the security alarm require for military

strategic applications, which has advanced greatly. But such complex and expensive are

useful to high end application only. However with recent progress in technology and the

growing need for increased security in civilian and other applications, there are low cost

solutions for security alarm have now emerged. In the field of security alarm using modern

approaches has become a major means of providing security in all applications, both military

and civilian. Due to high state of unsecure experiences in the entire world the need to keep

the occupants of the offices awareness of any intrusion in to their premises.

In the study made by David, Lourdes T. (2001), he emphasized that the security alarm

devices such as motion detector thru light sensing. It can be extremely advantageous in

preventing theft in schools.

Moreover, security alarm nowadays plays an important role in our community,

especially in business, offices, schools and barangays. It is intended to deter or detect

intrusions or other criminal activity on a piece of real property. It can also be used to increase

a feeling of safety.

At present, the DMPMNHS uses the usual paper of securing the school premises. The

personnel in-charge (on duty guard) of the school caters the safety of all the school premises.

But with the current set up, the security capability of each medium doesn’t have efficient
 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

control to the safeguarding of valuables and data of concerned individuals. With the present

set up, the personnel in-charge round the school put on the light in every building. After that,

the personnel in-charge back to his/her guards house or post. This process takes unsafe for the

school premises at night because it is being hand to hand basis.

In order to aid the problems encountered by the school, the researchers study the

efficiency of “DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT SECURITY LIGHT

SENSING ALARM USING LDR” The study sought to measure how the school manage

their personal properties. Thus, this study makes a new offering by lying exploratory on

securing the school properties. The anti-theft security alarm light sensing will make the work

easier because it will turn on only when a person approaches. LDR activated lamps will

usually be incandescent bulbs so that they can activate instantly and energy saving is less

important since they will not be on all the time. LDR sensor activation can increase both the

deterrent effect (since the intruder knows that he has been detected) and the detection effect

(since a person will be attracted to the sudden increase in light) will turn on the light. It will

also make the work faster and efficient because the process will no longer be hand to hand

basis, instead, the personnel in-charge will pay attention to the sound and light. With this, the

chance of accurate security will increase.

Statement of the Problem

The existing practice of David M. Puzon Memorial National High School (DMPMNHS)

faculty and staff in terms of school properties has a low security. This study aims to evaluate

the “DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT SECURITY LIGHT SENSING

ALARM USING LDR”

Senior High School Page 3

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Specially, it seeks to answer the following questions:

1. How does the school manage school properties as to:

a) Security

b) Keeping

c) Retrieving

2. What are the problems and difficulties encountered with the current security of school

properties along the area of:

a) Security

b) Keeping

c) Retrieving

3. What are the possible solution or action that can be considered to eliminate or improve

with the current security of school properties?

4. What is the validity of the proposed “DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT

SECURITY LIGHT SENSING ALARM USING LDR”?

5. What is the efficiency of the validated “DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT

SECURITY LIGHT SENSING ALARM USING LDR”?

Importance of the Study

This study will provide a high technology way of security to crimes along David M.

Puzon Memorial National High School. Thus, this study is hoped to be beneficial to the

following:

Senior High School Page 4

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Administration. The development security alarm will make the work of the assigned

personnel to more effective and easy monitoring of school premises. This study will benefit

them from theft/burglary. There will be a security in the collectible and school property like,

Computers, Television, Refrigerator and Oven.

Teachers. This study will provide information for security of files, records and properties.

Researchers. The study is very helpful to the researcher to become more professional

individuals and will be a tool to gain more experience and knowledge in developing new

technology.

Future Researchers. Findings of this study may encourage researchers to conduct similar

studies along this line in in order to validate the result of the study. The result of this study

will also serve as a baseline data for future researchers for more intensive research for the

purpose of easier and faster dissemination for a globally competitive world since we are now

living and dealing with advance technology system.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study includes image processing using an LDR that process the captured motion

to determine the identity of a certain object, whether it is an animal or a person who intends

to enter the school premises. There is a motion detector to be placed inside the school. The

proposed school to be built is a closed environment so that the motion detector will be

accurate on detecting some movements inside. If there is something moving, the LDR will

trigger the light to brighten the dark area. The light will be the switch of the alarm supported

by a Piezo Buzzer that will trigger if the detection in the processed positive. In this case, the

intruder may panic and destroy the crops but at least they will be frightened and will go out of

the school premises. The machine is only capable of a single motion detector process at a

time. This means if there is an on-going process of the captured motion; the machine will

Senior High School Page 5

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

stop process sensing alarm. The study will only takes place on a certain part of the school

which is DMPMNHS, the proponents and their colleagues of the related study will create a

small miniature of the school to support the data and information that will be used on the

study. The proponents only consider night time monitoring for the accuracy of the detection

due to the limitation of hardware specifications to be used.

Definition of Terms

In order to have a better understanding of the study, the following terms are operationally

defined:

Security Alarm. This involves a signal or alarm that something is being detected by

the LDR.

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR). It is a detector of the motion for the anti-theft

security light sensing alarm.

Transistor. It is a device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical

power of the anti-theft security light sensing alarm.

Relay. It is where the necessary control of a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or

where several circuits must be controlled by one signal in the security light sensing alarm.

Resistor. This refers to passive two-terminal electrical component that implements

electrical resistance as a circuit element in the anti-theft security alarm.

Senior High School Page 6

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Published In April 2009

A comprehensive study of five years of police data by researchers at the Rutgers

University School of Criminal Justice (SCJ) in Newark, N.J., found residential burglar alarm

systems decrease crime. While other studies have concluded that most burglars avoid alarm

systems, this is the first study to focus on alarm systems while scientifically ruling out other

factors that can impact crime rates.

“Data showed that a steady decrease in burglaries in Newark between 2001 and 2005

coincided with an increase in the number of registered home burglar alarms,” said Seungmug

Lee, author of the study.

The study found an installed burglar alarm makes a dwelling less attractive to would-be and

active intruders and protects the home without displacing burglaries to nearby homes,

actually decreasing crime rather than simply displacing it. The study also concluded that the

deterrent effect of alarms is felt in the community at large.

“This type of study assists police departments to effectively deploy their limited resources,”

said Garry McCarthy, Newark police director. “The school of criminal justice provides

valuable insight into the positive impact alarm systems can have in preventing residential

burglaries.”

The study noted that technology innovations have increased the availability of home security

systems to middle-class homeowners, and technology has made the systems more

dependable.

“Computers, printed circuits, digital communicators and microprocessors have refined

monitoring and signalling technology, and modern electronic sensors now include ultrasonic,

Senior High School Page 7

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

infrared and microwave devices, which were formerly available only in more sophisticated

commercial and industrial applications,” Lee said.

Schools in Pamplona

There are 4 secondary School. The Pamplona National High school of Fisheries,

Bidduang Barangay High School, David M. Puzon Memorial National High School and

Pamplona Institute.

Almost all the barangays has complete Elementary School except for one barangay.

The barangays of municipality are undergoing and attaining some physical changes

caused by the industries of the people and construction of the roads, which crisscross their

areas. The of houses in the rural places can be attributed to the fact that the people what to

be their farms to raise something financially profitable with view to increasing or augmenting

their incomes.

One of the problems we are facing right now is poverty. Because of that some people

nowadays can’t find for a work, some of them are doing crimes like stealing that’s why our

school are needs security alarm for our safety and protection.

Senior High School Page 8

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, the researcher design and develop, area of study, population, sample

of the population, sampling technique, instrument for data collection, validation of the

questionnaire, administration of the instrument and method of data analysis.

Research Development

This research aims to develop a reliable security system for a school which is to be

formed in a particular part of DMPMNHS. The system includes motion detector using Light

Dependent Resistor (LDR), a major tool for processing procedure. Figure 1 represents the

high-level block diagram of the proposed system for more comprehensible procedures and

Figure 2 is the methods of research used by the proponents.

School
properties Problem
Planning Research
security Analysis
system

Testing System System

Conclusion Development
Procedure Design

Figure 1. Research and Development

Figure 1 shows the methods of research that is to be followed by the proponents to

accomplish the system. First is to analyze the existing problem regarding the security of the

Senior High School Page 9

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

place. Next is to plan how to work and resolve the problem. Then do the research processes

in order to increase the knowledge and ideas about the system. Next, design the system

according to what is planned, and then develop it based on problems that occurred. After that,

do the testing procedures and come up with conclusions about the created system.

Materials of the Study

Quantity CODE Description

1 BC547 Transistor
1 220 ohm Resistor
1 330 ohm Resistor
1 5mm LED
1 LDR Light Dependent Resistor
1 12 volts Relay
1 12 volts Power Supply

Design of the Study

12 volts BC 547

330 ohm
220 ohm

Figure2. Security Light sensing using LDR circuit diagram

The researcher used the idea of simple series circuit diagram where it helps them to

make a design process interactive. The propose security alarm is powered by 12 volts

connected to the terminals of LDR wherein the LDR terminal is also connected to the

terminals of transistor. The resistor 330 ohms will resist the excess current passing the LED

Senior High School Page 10

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

same with resistor 220 ohms it controls the excess current going to the LDR. With this

connection of the five components of the circuit the security alarm will work.

The researcher chose a survey research design because it best served to answer the

questions and purpose of the study.

The survey research is one in which a group of people or items is studies by collecting

and analyzing data from only a few professionals and student of DMPMNHS considered as

representative of the entire population of DMPMNHS.

Locale of the Study

The study was conducted at David M. Puzon Memorial National High School

(DMPMNHS) located at Curva, Pamplona, Cagayan. This school was established in year

2000 through the initiative of the late David M. Puzon. The school caters learners form

Abulug, Apayao, Curva, Bagu, and Sta. Cruz. One of the programs of education in the school

is that every quarter they collect tuition from the student with this the security of the school in

terms of money is not safe.

The proponents gathered some references that would give them different ideas,

perspectives and data in building up the study. By these studies, the proponents could think of

a generous learning about creating inventive thoughts that would add to the study. Based on

the table of comparison, it can be seen that the research are done with the same goal which is

security using different methods and efficiency. Therefore, the proponents decided to

improve the security of the smart office by implementing digitized and computerized

monitoring standards since it has not yet been installed with any advanced security medium.

Furthermore, the proponents designed a prototype that will monitor and detect the security of

smart office by capturing the image of the exact moment when something suspicious moves

inside the office. If the detection is positive, an alarm will trigger for the authorized personnel

to respond. On the review of the related literatures, some have the same approach on

Senior High School Page 11

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

improving the security of a certain place and also they have differences on some process that

they tackle for the security purposes. There are some that used alarm mechanism, some used

image processing, but there is no study yet that includes both intelligence in one system for

the security of office. That is why the proponents came up with this kind of research because

security is more efficient if detection using image processing is linked with the alarm

mechanism.

Population of the Study

The target population for this research defined to include the faculty, staffs and

student of DMPMNHS, while the accessible population is the teachers, student and staff

within the researcher’s reach.

In this study, the accessible population comprised all the teachers and student. Table1.

Below presents a record of the number of the teachers and student in DMPMNHS.

Administrative Officials of DMPMNHS Numbers

School Head 1

Head Teacher 1

Administrative Personnel 3

Teachers JHS 23

Teachers SHS 10

Guards 2

Students 700

Table 1: The population of the DMPMNHS

In addition, the administrative staff, teachers and student were considered appropriate

as population of the study area because, as stated in chapter one, they constitute the dramatis-

personae responsible for routine of keeping collectibles or important properties in the

Senior High School Page 12

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

schools. Most of them have had several years of teaching and learning and therefore, they are

in the best position to furnish the researcher with the information needed to answer the

research question of this study.

Sample of the Population

For some studies, the population may be small enough to warrant the inclusion all of

them in the study. But a study may entail a large population which cannot all be studied. That

portion of the population that is studied is called a sample of the population (Nworgu

1991:69). A sample in this study is, therefore, a smaller group of elements drawn through a

definite procedure from an accessible population. The elements making up this sample are

those that are actually studied.

The sample of the population of this study stood at 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13

students gave a total of 20 respondents.

Sampling Techniques

A stratified random sampling procedure was used for selecting the participants in this

study. This technique was employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the variables

for the study. The stratification was based on school in David M. Memorial National High

School. Within each section, selection of staff, teachers and student was by simple random

sampling. This was achieved by writing out the names of the staff, teachers and student in

piece of paper which was folded and put in a basket. After thorough reshuffling, the

researcher selects an element, records it and puts it back in the basket until the required

number is obtained. That is, researcher applied sampling with replacement.

Senior High School Page 13

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was employed to select 2 admin

staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the educational zones of David M. Puzon Memorial

National High School. The proportionate stratification was based on the fact that the school

doesn’t have security.

Instrument for Data Collection

The researcher designed an interview schedule as one of the data collection

instrument for this study. The 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the

educational zones of David M. Puzon Memorial National High School. The interview were

aimed at eliciting relevant information concerning school security alarm. Questions relating

to methodology and material for school security, perceived problems of prone to

theft/burglary as well as possible strategies that could be adopted to enhance school security

were asked during the interview schedule.

A questionnaire (see Appendix II) designed by the researcher titled

“DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT SECURITY LIGHT SENSING

ALARM USING LDR” was also used in the study. The content of the instrument was

based on the findings of the interview conducted (see above) with the teachers, staffs and

student of David M. Puzon Memorial National High School.

The questionnaire has five sections: A, B, C, D and E:

section “A”, is on The capability of the anti-theft product to provide functions which meet

stated and implied needs when the anti-theft is used under specified conditions (what the anti-

theft does to fulfill needs).;

section “B”, is on the capability of the anti-theft product to maintain its level of performance

under stated period of time.;

Senior High School Page 14

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

section “C” The capability of the anti-theft products to be understood, learned, used and

attractive to the users, when used under specified conditions (the effort needed for use).

section “D”, on the other hand is on the capability of the anti-theft product to provide

appropriate performance, relative to the amount used, under resources stated conditions.

finally, section “E”, The capability of the anti-theft product to be modified. Modifications

may include corrections, improvements or adaptations of the anti-theft to changes in the

environment and in the requirements and functional specifications (the effort needed to be

modified).

The instrument was structured in the modified Likert fashion, on a 5 – point scale,

ranging from “excellent” (5), through “very good” (4), “good” (3) to “fair” (2) and “poor”

(1). Subjects were then instructed to respond to their degree of agreement with the statements

contained in the instrument.

Validation of the Questioner

The questionnaire designed for the study was subjected to a validation process for

face and content validity.

In the validation process of this study, copies of the questionnaire and copies of the

research questions were given to some teachers, student and staff of DMPMNHS. These

experts went through the research questions and the questionnaire carefully to ascertain the

appropriateness and adequacy of the instrument. They suggested structuring the questionnaire

in the Likert fashion, on a five-point scale Likert fashion. Researcher prefers the modified

Likert scale because according to normal Likert scale, “excellent” (5), through “very good”

(4), “good” (3) to “fair” (2) and “poor” (1).. Many researchers and educationists feel that

there is no logical enough reason to assign the weight of 3 points to somebody who is

undecided on a given issue. Therefore the modified 5 Likert scale is preferred. However the

Senior High School Page 15

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

other useful observations and suggestions by the experts were modified and the corrections

were made.

Having validated the questionnaire, a pilot testing was carried out on the instrument

using 2 admin staffs, 5 teachers and 13 students from all the educational zones of David M.

Puzon Memorial National High School, which the actual research was be carried out. This

was done in order to see:

• how the subject will react to the questionnaire;

• whether the items are clear enough and easily understood;

• whether there is the need to include more items in certain areas; or

• whether there are some items to which they would not like to respond;

as well as

• to determine the workability of the proposed method of data analysis for the study.

However, from the pilot test, the researcher was able to understand the ambiguity of

some items and so had to modify it to the level of the questionnaire.

Data Gathering

Before conducting the study, the researchers sought permission from the Principal.

Then the researchers will analyze all the data and information gathered from the said School.

Interview: To ensure accurate and reliable information about the setting of security of

the school, several interviews were conducted to the Principal, Administrative Staff,

Teachers, Student and other concerned individuals.

Observation: The researchers have seen personally how the security of the school.

Internet: To have a basis in conducting the study, the researchers look for several

information that are available in the internet.

Sources of Data: Upon approval by the Principal, the researchers will personally

conduct interview with the High authority of the school.

Senior High School Page 16

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Chapter 4

Presentation of Data Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter discusses the data analysis and findings from the questionnaires

completed by the respondent of DMPMNHS. The purpose of this study was to identify and

describe factors contributing to school security in the area.

Method of Data Collection

After the pilot testing and all necessary modifications, the questionnaires were

administered directly to the chosen sample for the study. Three hundred and thirteen copies

of the evaluation sheet given out were successfully completed and returned. The possibility of

retrieving back all the evaluation sheet was as a result of the researchers colleagues who

offered a helping hand. The opposite could have been the case if the researcher had taken the

lonely task of going round the schools to collect the questionnaire.

Method of Data Analysis

The evaluation sheet that use to assess the system is based on ISO 9126-1 Quality

Model, it used to assess system application by its characteristic such as Functionality,

Reliability, Usability, Efficiency, Maintainability and Probability. The study rated with

highest score which is 5, equivalent to Excellent it means that the study meet the

requirements needed by the user.

Senior High School Page 17

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Table 1. Respondent answer on the area of anti-theft product to provide functions.

Indicator Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor

Points 5 4 3 2 1

Answer 14 6 0 0 0

Percentage 70% 30% 0 0 0

The table show that the respondent agreed on the functionality of school anti-theft

alarm.

It indicates that schools must have a security alarm inside the premises.

Table 2. Respondent answer on the area of anti-theft product to provide reliability.

Indicator Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor

Points 5 4 3 2 1

Answer 20 0 0 0

Percentage 100% 0 0 0 0

The table show the response of the 20 respondent about the reliability of the study.

Table 3. Respondent answer on the area of anti-theft product efficiency.

Indicator Excellent Very good Good Fair Poor

Points 5 4 3 2 1

Answer 14 6 0 0 0

Percentage 70% 30% 0 0 0

The response of respondent on the appropriate performance of the study.

Senior High School Page 18

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Chapter V

Conclusions and Recommendation

Throughout the study, the researchers found out that there is a need to utilize Anti-

theft Security Light Sensing Alarm at DMPMNHS to help minimizes, if not eliminate the

problems being encountered in the school security process.

Using the forgoing conclusion, the following are recommended: The study titled

“DEVELOPMENT OF DMPMNHS ANTI-THEFT SECURITY LIGHT SENSING ALARM

USING LDR” should be utilized and put to action to ensure the security of school premises.

It strongly recommended because it would minimize theft and that this study would

provide a safe school premises at night.

References

1. Khavee Agustus W. Botangen, Conception L. Khan. School Security for the

Central Luzon State University. 26 August 2015

2. Aldala, P. A. M. CSS: Multi-Objective Security Alarm. University of the

Philippines-Diliman. 2005

3. Wren, A. LDR: practice and theory.Germany. 2006

Senior High School Page 19

 [DAVID M. PUZON MEMORIAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL] TVL-EIM

Senior High School Page 20