BASIC CONCEPT

COMBUSTIO

LINCE ALDILA
NIM. 1914201077

PROGRAM STUDI S1 KEPERAWATAN

STIKES FORT DE KOCK
BUKITTINGGI
2019
BASIC CONCEPT COMBUSTIO
A. Definition of Combustio
Combustio is a wound caused by direct or indirect contact at high temperatures
(Taufan N, 2012). Combustio is an injury to the tissue caused by heat (thermal),
chemical, electrical, and radiation. Combustio is also called trauma with high morbidity
and mortality. In extensive combustio followed by shock due to pain and loss of body
fluids. In adults, combustio area of 20% of body surface area can cause shock, whereas
in children shock can occur if the area of combustion is 10% (Junaidi, 2011).

B. Causes of combustio
Combustio can be caused by heat from fire, water, heat, the sun, electric currents, and
certain chemical substances (Iskandar Junaidi, 2011). Combustio causes are classified
into several types, namely:
1. Flame Burn = Fire
2. Scald Burn = hot liquid / steam
3. Chemical Burn = chemicals
4. Electric Burn = Electricity
5. Frost (frost bite) or touched by the vapor of frozen liquid oxygen or liquid nitrogen

C. Combustio Classification
The degree of combustio depends on the number of tissues affected and the
depth of the combustio, as follows:

Image: Combustio degree

1. First degree combustio

Is the lightest combustio. The part that burns only reddened, there is pain, very
sensitive to touch, moist or swollen skin. Burned parts will turn white if pressed even
though blisters have not formed (Iskandar Junaidi, 2011). Damaged tissue only affects
the epidermis. First degree combustion can be caused by UV light and flame exposure
(Taufan Nugraha, 2012).
2. Combustio degree 2
Deeper damage occurred. The skin is blistered, appears red or whitish and is filled with
clear viscous liquid. The color of the wound turns white and feels painful to the touch
(Iskandar Junaidi, 2011). Combustio degree 2 is divided into 2, namely (Taufan
Nugroho, 2012):
 1. Shallow 2nd degree combustio: partially damaged tissue from the dermis, follicles,
hair and intact sweat glands. Can be caused by spills or sparks of liquids or hot
steam and flame exposure.
2. Combustio degree 2 in: tissue that is damaged, namely the sweat glands as a whole.
Can be caused by liquid spills or hot steam, fire, hot oil.
3. Combustio degree 3
Damage to the deeper and wider tissue. The surface can be white and soft or black,
scorched, and rough. Damage to the burned red blood cells can cause bright red
skin. Burned areas are usually blistered and hair / hair in the area is easily pulled
from the roots. Juka touched does not cause pain because the nerve endings on the
skin are damaged (Iskandar Junadi, 2011). Can be caused by hot liquids, hot steam,
fire, oil, chemicals, high voltage electricity (Taufan Nugroho, 2012).

A. Handling / action
a. 1st degree combustion
1. Cool the combustio with cold water until the burned part is no longer painful (± 10-
25 minutes)
2. After the combustio has cooled, apply aloe vera lotion or skin moisturizer to keep
skin moist and reduce itching and peeling.
b. 2nd degree combustion
1. Remove clothing and jewelry from the burned area of the body.
2. Cool the burned body area until the pain disappears
3. Apply antibiotic ointment and cover with non-sticky sterile gauze.
c. Combustio 3
1. Monitor breathing and provide care if needed.
2. Take care for shock
3. Take off clothes and jewelry that are not attached to the burned body area
4. Cover with non-sticky sterile gauze
5. Seek medical help.
d. Combustio due to chemical substances.
1. Combustio due to hard bases, then remove the patient's clothes then flow the burnt
part with running water.
2. Combustio due to hard acid enough flowed with running water. Combustio due to
phosphorus must be immediately soaked in water. While soaking in water, the
attached phosphorus is cleaned one by one.
3. Approximately 85% of combustio due to phosphorus is mild.
4. Make sure combustio causes are removed. Flush chemicals from the surface of the
skin with cold running water for 20 minutes or more. If chemicals are in powder
form, clean them before pouring them with water.
5. To help stop the combustio and prevent further injury, remove all victim's clothing
or jewelry that has been contaminated with the chemical. The skin is immediately
cleaned of chemicals by flowing water constantly.
6. The victim needs to be treated at the hospital, if:
a. Combustio concerning the face, hands, genitals, or legs.
b. Experiencing obstacles in treating wounds properly and correctly at home
c. Aged less than 2 years or more than 70 years
d. Combustio occurred in the internal organs
e. Combustio due to electricity
 There is no contact with electricity
1. If the victim is not moving, open the airway, check breathing, and handle
according to circumstances.
2. Take care for shock.
3. Perform maintenance for electric combustio such as when handling third-
degree combustio
4. Call local emergency medical services.
 Still in contact with electricity
1. Turn off the power in the socket, fuse box, or switch box outside the room,
or unplug power tools.
2. Call the local emergency medical service if the victim still touches the
falling power cord.
(Iskandar Junaidi, 2011)