Name _____________________________________

Period _____________________________________
Title IX and its Effect on American Culture

Directions: From the list on the previous page choose the correct statement that describes each of the key areas
after the enactment of Title IX.

Definition of Title IX: _______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________

Before Title IX KEY AREAS After Title IX

Colleges & Universities didn’t
admit women because women were
to be concerned about marriage and Access to Higher Education
children rather than higher
education.

The main athletic opportunities for

girls were cheerleading and square
dancing. Only 1 in 27 girls played
high school sports. The budget for Athletics
college girls athletics was about 2
of the overall budget for athletics.
Some schools didn’t allow girls to
take some vocational classes like
woodworking, metal working,
electrical or plumbing courses.
Instead they were only allowed Career Education
access to home economics courses
like child-care and sewing. The
results were that women were only
trained for low-wage jobs that were
traditional for women such as jobs
in health care and cosmetology.

Girls were often expelled from Education for Pregnant and

school if they became pregnant. Parenting Students

Few women taught at the

college/university level and those
that did primarily taught women’s Employment (in Universities)
colleges. Often they were not
granted tenure and earned much
less than the male teachers. Only a
few women were hired as
administrators.
Gender stereotypes were
commonly used by teachers and
educational resources, including
textbooks. These stereotypes Learning Environment
portrayed women as nurturing, best
suited to be wives, mothers,
secretaries, nurses, and elementary
school teachers and men as active,
inventive, and independent. In the
classroom, boys received the
majority of the teacher’s attention
and it was generally believed that
math and science were for boys and
the arts and literature were for girls.

Girls were sometimes steered away

from higher-level classes in math
and science, discouraged from Math and Science
joining math and science clubs
because the prevalent stereotype
was the girls weren’t good at and
didn’t like math and science.

Making sexual innuendos, calling

people sexually charged names,
spreading rumors about sexual Sexual Harassment
activity, or touching someone
inappropriately used to be
dismissed as “boys will be boys”
type of behavior.
Girls consistently scored lower than
boys on standardized tests. Gender
bias was occurring due to the kinds Standardized Testing
of questions asked and how they
were asked.

Computer programming was

considered a male profession and
computer games were designed as Technology
boys’ toys. When women used a
computer it was for data entry.