LESSON PLAN Rigor/Relevance

Framework
Area and/or Course: Agricultural Science - Dairy Industry 6
C D
5

Knowledge
Assimilation Adaptation
4
Lesson Title: Managing Disease and Parasites 3
2 A B
No. Periods: 1-2 1 Acquisition Application
__ X __
1 2 3 4 5
Teacher Goal(s): Application
1. For students to recognize dairy animals in good
and bad health.
2. For students to understand how to prevent and
treat diseases dairy animals may obtain.
3. For students to identify several diseases dairy
cattle may contract.

Objectives:

The student will be able to (TSWBT). (Oregon Skill Set numbers in parentheses at the
end of the objective statement.)

1. Discuss signs of good and bad animal health. (AGPC01.01.03.00)

2. Identify diseases transmissible from animals to humans and humans
to animals. (AGPC01.01.03.02)
3. Describe common animal parasites and diseases.
(AGPC01.01.03.03)
4. List ways to prevent and treat diseases and parasites.
(AGPC01.01.03.04, AGPC01.01.03.05)

State Standards met by Objectives:

Common Benchmark
Category Subject Curr. Goal & Number
1. Science Life Science Organism PASS
2. Science Life Science Interdependence PASS
3. CRLS Communication Listening PASS

Materials, Equipment, Audio-Visual Aids: References:

1. Writing surface Georgia Agricultural Education

2. Overhead projector
3. Transparencies from attached California AST Curriculum

Knowledge: 1=awareness; 2=comprehension; 3=application; 4=analysis; 5=synthesis; 6=evaluation

Application: 1=knowledge in one discipline; 2=apply knowledge in one discipline; 3=apply knowledge across disciplines; 4=apply knowledge to real-world predictable situations; 5=apply
knowledge to real-world unpredictable situations
 masters (handout 8:1 & 8:2)
4. Copies for students (handout
8:1 & 8:2)
Anticipatory Set/Introduction/Motivation/Interest Approach:

Review Yesterday’s Lesson:

Quiz: Have students number a piece of paper one to five. There will be no talking. Each
student will do their own work.

1. How many stomach compartments do cows have? Give the name of each
compartment.
A: 4, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum..

2. What other animal species chew their cud? (Ruminants)

A: cattle, sheep, goats, deer and camels.

3. What are the goals of the feeding program?

A: To get maximum efficiency of production while minimizing the cost of the feed.

4. What is a Feedstuff?
A: Any ingredient, or material, fed to animals for the purpose of sustaining them
(meeting all of their nutritional needs).

5. Concentrates are generally high in ___________ and ____________.

A: energy and protein.

Set:

Ask students to talk about the last time they were sick or when they
had chicken pox or other contagious diseases. Ask them how and why
they got infected.

Answers should include being around infected people or not being

vaccinated.

Relate how humans get sick to how cattle get sick when they are
around other infected animals or when they don’t get vaccinated. Also
mention the importance of sanitation and ventilation, and how that
helps humans and animals prevent sickness.

Transition (Use Objective):

Today we are going to discover an aspect of the dairy industry that can be detrimental to
farmers. This area can force dairy farmers to quit or lose a lot of money. So let’s learn
about managing disease and parasites.

1. Discuss signs of good and bad animal health.

2. Identify diseases transmissible from animals to humans and humans
to animals.
 3. Describe common animal parasites and diseases.
4. List ways to prevent and treat diseases and parasites.
Strategy – Includes Teacher
Activity, Student Activity,
Questions/Answers and
Objectives
Objective 1:
Teacher: PowerPoint
Student: Take Notes
Q: How do I know if my
animal is sick or not?
A: Being able to
recognize when your
animals need medical
attention is important.
Many diseases and
parasites are treatable if
caught early enough.
You may also keep the
sickness from spreading
if you act quickly at the
first signs. You should
make observing your
animals a part of your
daily routine.
Q: When you’re sick do you
want to be around a lot of
people?
A: No, cattle are similar to
humans when they are sick;
they tend to stray off by
themselves. Other signs of
sickness may include: Lower
milk production, rough-
looking hair, Discolored
manure, slow walking, etc.
Teacher: Use Handout
8:1 to discuss normal
temperatures and
respiration of animals.
Objective 2:
Subject Matter Outline/Problem and Solution (Application
Points Lace in Throughout Lesson) (Modeling, Guided
Practice, and Content)
A. Signs of good health include:
1. Animals that are free from anxiety and
content. Signs
to look for will take a trained eye to
recognize.
2. Normal feces and urine should be seen. This
will vary
with diet, but anything unusual should be
noted.
3. Body temperature, respiration, and pulse
rate should be
monitored. (unusual highs and lows can be
symptoms.)
4. Alertness can be judged by checking if an
animal perks its ears when you draw near.
5. The skin and coat of most animals should be
oily and elastic like.
6. The animal’s eyes should be bright and their
membranes pinkish.
7. One of the easiest things to notice is when
cattle go off feed. All healthy cattle should
eat aggressively when fed and ruminants
should be seen chewing their cud.
B. Signs of poor health include:
1. When an animal strays off by themselves
and holds their
head down, it is a good sign that they are
not well.
2. Lower milk production can also be a sign of
sickness.
3. A rough-looking dull hair coat or skin that
stays up when
pinched are signs of poor health.
4. Discolored feces or urine can be signs of
trouble.
5. Glassy eyes are sometimes a sign of poor
health.
6. An animal that has difficulty getting up and
walks slowly
may indicate that something is wrong.
A. Zoonoses are diseases that animals can
Q: Can animals and
humans pass diseases
back and forth?
A: Yes, many diseases
are passed between
animals and humans.
They are transferred by
way of meat, milk, or
eggs. Some are
transferred when close
contact is made and
others are due to
insects carrying them.
Q: Can humans actually give
animals diseases?
A: Yes, there are actually
three kinds of diseases that a
human can transfer to an
animal. Protozoa infections,
Bacterial infections, and Viral
infections.
Objective 3:
Q: Diseases that can be passed
from one animal to another
would be called__________.
A: Contagious - These
animals need to be
separated from the
other animals to prevent
spreading the disease.
Q: Diseases that cannot be
transferred from one animal to
another would be called_____.
A: Non-contagious - Even if
you think the disease is
non-contagious, it is still
beneficial to separate
the sick animal from the
others just in case.
Q: What would be an
transmit to
humans. Some of the diseases include:
1. Tuberculosis
2. Anthrax
3. Rabies
4. Brucellosis (Bangs)
5. Nine Mile Fever (Q Fever)
6. Parasites like Ringworm
B. Three kinds of diseases can go from
humans to animals.
1. Protozoa infections like the animal
parasite that causes
amoebic dysentery can be shared.
2. Bacterial infections like the streptococcus
that causes
scarlet fever in humans can be passed to
an animal and
then produce large problems when
humans consume
milk or other products.
3. Viral infections are being researched
closely for more
shared ailments between humans and
animals.
A. Diseases can be contagious or non-
contagious.
1. Contagious diseases are usually caused
by bacteria or
viruses. They spread from animal to
animal by simple
contact or shared facilities.
2. Diseases that are not contagious can come
from a vitamin or mineral deficiency. Other
causes may be ingestion of metal,
poisonous plants, or open wounds the
animal may have.
General symptoms specific to disease
include:
1. Animal losing fetus
2. Shaking
3. Coughing
4. Poor growth or decrease in production
5. Rough coat
example of an Internal B. Parasites can be internal or external.
parasite? ***Internal parasites are ones that live inside
A: flukes & roundworms the animal
Q: What would be an like flukes and roundworms.
example of an External ***External parasites are ones that live outside
parasite? the animal
A: fleas & flies like fleas and flies. Symptoms of parasites may
include:
Teacher: Discuss 1. Observing the parasite on an animal
handout 8:2 2. Diarrhea, worms in feces, or bloody feces
3. Loss of weight
4. Decreased production, growth, and
reproduction.

Objective 4: A. There are several ways to prevent

Q: What are some ways diseases and parasites.
to prevent diseases and
parasites? a specific
A: Sanitation
management, suitable offspring.
ventilation, proper
manure disposal, and a
vaccination program are
all very important when
trying to prevent
diseases and parasites
on dairy farms.
Q: Why is clean milking
equipment important?
A: Cows can pass
disease to each other
from milk equipment.
One of the biggest
causes of milk loss is a
disease in the udder
called Mastitis. This
disease costs American
dairy farmers annually
over $1.8 billion.
Q: Rotating pasture
allows grass to grow
better, but it also
can_______.
A: Break a parasitic life
cycle.
Treatments:
Q: How do you take a cows
temperature?
1. Natural immunity is when immunity to
disease is inherited from parent to
2. Species immunity is when a disease that
affects one
species does not affect other species.
3. Vaccinating is injecting a disease
organism that has
been modified into an animal to prevent
the animal
from getting the disease later.
4. Biologics are the medical preparations
made from
microorganisms and their products, like
vaccinations.
5. Sanitation is the act of cleaning or
sterilizing an area.
6. Ventilation is causing air to move through
a building.
7. Keep all housing facilities clean and use
dry bedding.
8. Disposal of manure: If animals are made
to live in their manure it will surely cause
diseases to transfer rapidly, because of the
optimal environment for diseases and
parasites to thrive.
9. Sharing trailers and milking equipment
should also be managed so that diseases
are not spread.
10. Rotate pastures/animals to break a
parasitic life cycle.
11. Always dispose of carcasses in a
sanitary way.
A: Rectally - Tie a string
to a thermometer.
Shake down the
mercury and carefully
place the thermometer
in the animal’s rectum.
Being forceful could
make matters worse by
injuring the animal.
After at least two
minutes, read the
temperature.
Q: How can you check the
pulse of a cow?
A: Checking respiration
and pulse can be done
without any expensive
equipment. For
respiration, simply
watch how many times
the animal breathes in 1
minute. For pulse you
can often hold your ear
against the animal and
listen for the heartbeat.
Q: To observe sicknesses or
abnormal behavior you have
to_____________________.
A: Pay attention and observe
your animal’s everyday!
B. Since prevention does not always work,
knowing how to
treat cattle when they get sick is
important. Always
make sure you know what you are doing,
and whether
you are qualified to treat your animal.
1. Drugs for treatment come in many forms
like pills,
powders, and liquids. Before giving any
medication, be
sure to check if there is a milk or meat
hold (can’t sell)
associated with the drug.
2. There are many ways to inject drugs.
Listed below is
each type of injection method.
*Intravenous means injected into the
vein.
*Intramuscular means injected into a
muscle.
*Subcutaneous means injected under the
animals skin.
*Intradermal means injected between
layers of skin.
*Intraruminal means injections into an
animals rumen.
*Intraperitoneal means injections given
in the
abdominal cavity.
3.Taking your animals temperature and
checking respiration is important to help
diagnose if your animal is sick.
4.Always restrain animals properly to prevent
hurting the animal or yourself, when
treating them.
5.Certain ailments can be treated with little
knowledge, but other problems require the
expertise of a veterinarian.
Good management is knowing your own
 limitations.

Closure/Summary/Conclusion (Tie in Objectives)

Now that we have discussed signs of good and bad animal health, identified
diseases that can go from animals to humans and humans to animals,
described common animal parasites and diseases, and listed ways to
prevent and treat these diseases, we should have a better understanding of
managing disease in the dairy industry. This area plagues dairy farmers,
and it is vital that they can prevent diseases and parasites. Prevention is
the best solution and will cost money, but a lot less than if there was a
disease outbreak.

Evaluation: (Authentic forms of Evaluation, Quizzes, or Written Exam)

There will be a quiz over the information given at the end of the class.
Students should pay close attention and take good notes (the quiz is
attached to the lesson).

Assignments: (Student Activities Involved in Lesson/Designed to Meet Objectives)

Use the student learning objectives to summarize the lesson. Have students
explain the content associated with each objective. Students will be
required to write a paragraph for each objective. This assignment will be
typed and a minimum of a page in length. Student responses can be used
to determine which objectives need to be reviewed or taught over using a
different approach.

Lesson Reflection:

This lesson was really good. Students really liked learning about disease prevention and
treatment. We had some really in depth discussions about diseases we can receive from cattle.
In the future, I would like to have a video of different diseases to show. I think a video would
do a good job of showing symptoms of sick dairy animals, and would allow students to
visualize these symptoms. I know students just need exposure to dairy animals to really grasp
how to tell if a cow is sick or not. The two handouts seemed to be a hit. Students liked
discussing them and seemed to make the connection from the diagram and graph to what was
being discussed. The next time I give the quiz; I will allow notes or give it at the beginning of
the following period, students needed more time to study.

Name:
 QUIZ
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Managing Diseases and Parasites

Part One: Matching

Match the term with the correct response. Write the letter of the term by the
definition.

a. Vaccinating d. Ventilation g. Zoonoses

b. Biologics e. Contagious h. Natural immunity
c. Non-contagious f. Species immunity

_______ 1. When a disease that effects one species does not effect other
species.

_______ 2. Diseases that cannot be transferred from one animal to another.

_______ 3. Diseases that animals can transmit to humans.

_______ 4. When immunity to a specific disease is inherited from parent to

offspring.

_______ 5. Diseases that can be passed from one animal to another.

_______ 6. The medical preparations made from microorganisms and their

products, like
vaccinations and serums.

_______ 7. Injecting a disease organism that has been modified into an animal
to prevent the
animal from getting the disease later.

_______ 8. Causing air to move through a building.

Part Two: Completion

Provide the word or words to complete the following statements.

1. _______________ means injected between layers of skin.

2. Injections into an animals rumen are called _______________.

3. _______________ means injected into the vein.

4. _______________ means injected under the animals skin.

5. _______________ means injected into a muscle.

6. Injections given in the abdominal cavity are called _______________.

Part Three: Short Answer
Provide information to answer the following questions.

1. What are two examples of external parasites?

2. What are two examples internal parasites?

Answers to Sample Test:

Part One: Matching
1 = f, 2 = c, 3 = g, 4 = h, 5 = e, 6 = b, 7 = a, 8 = d

Part Two: Completion

1. Intradermal
2. Intraruminal
3. Intravenous
4. Subcutaneous
5. Intramuscular
6. Intraperitoneal

Part Three: Short Answer

External: flies and fleas
Internal: roundworms and flukes

Name:________________________ Handout 8:1

Name:________________________ Handout 8:2