Management and

engineering aspects
of space experiments
Alessandro Donati

Advanced Topics in Aerospace Engineering

Sapienza Università di Roma, Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale
30 May 2017

Kayser Italia S.r.l.

Via di Popogna 501
57128 – Livorno (Italy)
www.kayser.it
kayser@kayser.it
 Company overview

• Kayser Italia is a fully independent Italian system

engineering company (SME), incorporated in 1986
• Kayser Italia offers its products and services into
the space and aeronautical sectors
• Kayser Italia has a staff of about 70
• Kayser Italia has extensive expertise in the design
and manufacturing of experiments, payloads,
equipment, Ground Support Equipment and
Mission Operations and Support, both as prime-
contractor, as well as sub-contractor
• Kayser Space branch established in UK in 2016

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 Company overview

Organized into offices, meeting rooms, conference room, laboratories,

clean room, manufacturing, inspection and integration area, and a User
Support Operation Centre to support operation on-board ISS.

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 Company overview

Core business is into the space industry: development and realization

of scientific payloads and equipment

Physical
Life Science
Science

ISS
Exploration
Equipment

Download Kayser catalogue at

http://www.kayser.it/index.php/catalog
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 Company overview

• Over 30 years experience in the supply of hardware

and software solutions and on-site support services

• Participated to 72 space missions (sounding rockets,

unmanned and manned European, Russian,
Japanese, Chinese platforms, Shuttle, SpaceX, ISS

• Developed and flown 114 payloads

15-MAY-2019 KI-MARK-HO-484 1/0

29-09-2015
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 Technical know-how and competencies
Electrical/Electronics Software
• Power distribution • Instrument firmware
• Data acquisition OFF
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• Flight software
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Mechanics/Structural/Thermal
• Mechanical design
• FEM
• Structural analysis
Biology
• Assembly and integration
• Fracture Control
• Thermal design and analysis

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 Technical know-how and competencies

Mission and operations

System
AIV

ISS Payload Operations Control Center

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 Quality Assurance

The company has a Quality System

certified:

EN 9100:2018 / ISO 9001:2015

The manufacturing operators and QA inspectors are
regularly trained and certified by ESA/NASA
approved institutions.

ECSS Certifications are maintained for :

• Soldering of PCBs (including SMD) and
connectors
• Solder joints inspections
• Crimping, harness manufacturing and inspection
• Personnel is also trained on Safety aspects for
payloads on manned and un-manned USA and
Russian platforms.

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 How to get access to space ?

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 Space opportunities

Main opportunities in Europe to fly in space a

biology experiment are offered by:

o European Space Agency (ESA)

o National Space Agencies
o Private commercial operators

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 ESA

ESA offers the following life science opportunities:

o ILSRA – International Life Science Research
Announcement
o Sounding Rockets provide excellent microgravity
conditions for up to 12 min
Continuously open Research Announcements:
o Ground-Based Facilities can be used for space related
science in a large variety of fields
o Parabolic flights are used to conduct short-term
microgravity scientific and technological investigations,
to test instrumentation prior to use in space

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 ESA-ILSRA

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 ESA-ILSRA

Typical submission milestones:

o Tender issued by ESA (proposal guidelines are in the
FEIP)
o Potential investigators are requested to submit a Letter
of Intent (LOI) (1 month after tender issue). The LOI is
not binding
o a Proposal Workshop is arranged at ESA/ESTEC to
guide proposers to submit a more complete and well
written proposal, in addition to improving the possibilities
of scientific team formation and networking (shortly after
tender issue)
o Proposal submission (3 months after tender issue)

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 National Space Agencies

A twofold role:

o Support of science teams whose proposals have been

included by ESA in the Research Pool

o Fight opportunities for space experiments

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 Direct access to space

Fight opportunities can be found also on a

commercial basis.

KI can offer the following :

o ISS via the new BIOREACTOR EXPRESS service

(partnership agreement ESA-KI)

o ISS via USA commercial operators having a dedicated

agreement with NASA

o Flights on Russian capsules (FOTON/BION)

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 Bioreactor Express: a Cornerstone in the Space
Economy

THE EXPRESS ROAD TO YOUR DISCOVERY

http://www.bioreactorexpress.space/

Bioreactor Express is a commercial initiative that enables any potential user to directly fly
their experiment making access to the portfolio of standard and flight proven hardware
taking advantage of the longstanding experience of the Bioreactor Express industrial
consortium.

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 Bioreactor Express: Kubik, bioreactors and other
hardware
Kubik incubator
Experiment Units Experiment Containers

Kubik

Columbus

Kubik insert

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 Bioreactor Express: Full services portfolio

1- Incubation of 2- Feasibility assessment

scientific idea 3- Selection of experiment hardware
4- Training and fine tuning
5- Experiment simulation test
6- Mission logistic support

7- Integration at
http://www.bioreactorexpress.space/ launch site

8- Transfer to ISS
9- On orbit
operations
11- Data and samples delivery 10- Return to Earth 9- Ground control
12- Scientific dissemination to science team

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 ISS via USA commercial operator

ISS on commercial basis :

o Kayser Italia in cooperation with USA commercial
operators can provide access to newly developed
facilities (1-g centrifuge and 0-g racks)

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 Flights on Russian capsules

Examples :

SCORPI-T

LIFE

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 Introduction to a “space experiment”

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 Introduction to a “space experiment”
1) Cells need to cope with an hostile environment (temperature, vibrations,
accelerations, microgravity, radiations)

2) Not every reagent usually used in the lab can be brought onboard ISS

3) Some investigations are more challenging than others

4) Experiments are really expensive (cannot be repeated shortly if something

goes wrong)

5) Space crew time is REALLY precious: experiments need to be run in a fully

automated way

6) Biological requirements need to fit the engineering requirements

7) Plan well in advance and detail the logistic of the experiment, especially
the integration steps

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 Introduction to a “space experiment”
TEAM PLAYERS:

Scientific Space agency Industrial partner

Investigator
Output
(Universities,
Research Centers..)
Experiment Hardware
development
Input

Scientific idea
Experiment
Scientific Requirements

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 Introduction to a “space experiment”

In the frame of ESA projects requirements are collected into a dedicated

document: the Experiment Scientific Requirements doc, ESR.

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Introduction to a “space experiment”

Requirements analysis (RA)

• Collection of experiment requirements

• Evaluation and impact of experiment requirements

RA is a delicate and crucial step;

RA requires iteration;
RA has a dramatic impact on the project success;

TIP 1: PI has to present the scientific idea in the clearest way,

focusing on experiment requirements rather then technological
solution

TIP 2: follow the “keep it simple” approach

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 Introduction to a “space experiment”

Design and development of Experiment Hardware

• Basically, HW design, development and manufacturing is a

responsibility of the Payload Developer, i.e. the industrial
partner

• Requirements must be fulfilled by design. Experiment

Hardware design is driven by the Experiment Scientific
Requirements (ESR)

• The Experiment Hardware will be tested by the PI during the

SVT and EST campaign, namely a simulation of the
experiment to be performed in space

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 Space experiment life cycle

2) Hardware development
1) Scientific project 3) Experiment integration at launch site
4) Upload

7) Laboratory analysis

6) Download
5) Experiment execution onboard ISS, storage

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Bioreactors for life science: Experiment Integration

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 Operations at launch site

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 HW integration and packing for handover

Thermal containers (Biokit)

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 Handover to NASA

L-29h to L-48 h

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 How do we reach space?

SpaceX (Cape Canaveral, USA) Soyuz and Progress (Baykonur, Kazakhstan)

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 International Space Station

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 Busy ISS with docked capsules

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 Experiment onboard ISS

Paolo Nespoli
Proprietary and Confidential information: this document, and any part attached to it contains confidential and proprietary information of Kayser Italia S.r.l.. The addressee shall not disclose,
disseminate or distribute such to any person, and shall not use such information, other than pursuant to a specific agreement between the addressee and Kayser Italia S.r.l..

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 Experiment onboard ISS

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 Kayser Italia User Support Operations Center

UHB/PI

Marshall Space Flight Center

Huntsville, AL
UHB/PI

Comunicazioni audio con ISS

Comunicazioni audio con posizioni NASA
Comunicazioni audio con posizione ESA
Comunicazioni con altri USOC
Johnson Space Center
Houston, TX

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 Download

California (SpaceX)

Kazakhstan (Russian Roscosmos)

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 Sample retrieval after the experiment

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 Facilities on board and platforms for microgravity
research

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD

Typical requirements for biology experiments

o Thermal control
 Temperature during transportation to space
 Temperature during experiment execution in space
 Temperature for sample preservation after experiment run
 Temperature during return to the Earth and hand-over to PI
o Gravity control
 Sensitivity of samples to lift off accelerations
 Sample exposure to gravity in space

The facilities available for biology experiments in

space have to take into account these needs

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD

Facilities for biology in space

o ESA
 Facilities for incubation and on board storage
• Kubik
• Biolab
• Biobox / Simbox
 Facilities for sample transportation
• ECCO, Mini-ECCO, ECCO-b
o NASA / ASI
 Facilities for incubation and on board storage
• Merlin, Nanoracks
• MELFI
• Biokon
 Facilities for sample transportation
• Coldbag, Glacier
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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Kubik
o Temperature control between 6°C .. 38°C
o Centrifuge insert
o Standard Experiment Containers
o Interface plate
o Power supply to EC or I/F plate
o No commands and data
o Easy crew manual operations for EC and I/F
plate mounting and removal

o Kubik operates inside ESA Columbus or

Russian Segment

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biolab
Microscope &
Spectrophotmeter

Automated Temperature Glovebox

Controlled Stowage

Handling Mechanism
Temperature
Controlled Units 1 / 2
Incubator with centrifuge

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biolab
o Microscope
 Based on the Olympus ground
microscope BX40 and Sony CCD
camera (sensor size: 1/3”; Pixel
size: 7.4 x 7.4 m)
o Spectrometer
 Based on two compact Zeiss
detector blocks based on a photo
diode array (256 diodes) from
Hamamatsu)

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biolab
o Incubator
 Gravitational environment with two centrifuges (0,001g to 2 g)
 Controlled thermal environment for the
incubation (+18°C to +40 °C)
 Illumination and observation capabilities
 Atmospheric environment through the Life
Support System

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biolab
o Temperature Controlled Units
 Before and after use, Experiment Containers can be stored in two
large cooler/freezers, the TCU’s
 Manually operated
 Internal volumes around 20 liters each
 Temperature control between -20°C .. +10°C

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biolab
o Glovebox
 Air in the working volume can be controlled between 21 and 38°C +/-
2°C
 No control of the humidity
 A permanent slight under pressure is maintained in the working
volume has a second level of containment
 Electrical interface available

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA

Biobox / Simbox
o Temperature control between 4°C .. 37°C
o Centrifuge insert
o Standard Experiment Containers
o Interface plate
o Power supply to EC or I/F plate
o Commands and data

o Flown on
 Russian satellites
 Shuttle
 Chinese capsule
o Compatible with ISS

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 ESA Thermal Container
o Designed for STS Middeck locker
o Can be used in Space-X Dragon locker
 Check already performed to demonstrate ECCO can be fitted in the locker
 Qualification for launch with Space-X in progress
o Can be launched with Progress using a frame

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 Small ESA Thermal Container (ECCO-b)
o Designed for late access in Progress or Soyuz
o Qualified for launch with ATV / HTV
o Can be launched with Progress using a frame

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 Mini ESA Thermal Container (Mini-ECCO)
o Designed for return in the Soyuz crew capsule
o Qualified for launch with Soyuz / Progress / ATV / HTV
o PCM qualified for freezing temperatures in MELFI

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 The ECCO heritage for custom thermal containers

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 Items available and temperature range

range (deg C)
Temperature
on board ISS
on ground

Standard
Quantity

Quantity
2 .. 10
ESA Thermal Container 2 0 -20 .. -15
-80 .. -20
2 .. 10
Small ESA Thermal Container 2 2
-20 .. -15
-20 .. -15
Mini ESA Thermal Container 3 1
-80 .. -20

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
The ECCO fleet
 Load capability

experiment

experiment
weight (Kg)

size (mm)
Max.

Max.
ESA Thermal Container 8 280 x 220 x 120 4 Biolab Experiment Containers
Experiment set of Kubik incubator
Small ESA Thermal Container 1,5 275 x 122 x 122
(32 KIC)
32 blood / urine vials packed in
Mini ESA Thermal Container 2,0 160 x 100 x 100
plastic bags or 9 KIC units

KIC: Kubik experiment container

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – ESA
Thermal performances

4 days in range 2° .. 10°C 28°C external temperature

ESA Thermal Container
4 days in range -80° .. -20°C (Shuttle worst case)

40°C external temperature

Small ESA Thermal Container 3,5 days in range 2 .. 10°C
(Progress worst case)

25°C external temperature

Mini ESA Thermal Container 13 hours in range -80° .. -20°C
(Soyuz worst case)

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

NASA MERLIN
o Temperature control between -20°C .. 48,5°C
o No Centrifuge
o No Standard Experiment Containers
o No Interface plate
o No Power supply to EC or I/F plate
o No Commands and data
o Three units available on ISS
o Easy operations and interfaces

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

NASA NANORACKS
o No temperature control
o Centrifuge insert
o Standard Experiment Containers
o Power supply to EC or I/F plate
o Easy operations and interfaces

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

NASA MELFI
o Main Cold storage facility on board ISS
o Temperature ranges presently working: -95°C; +2°C
o Samples in experiment trays

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

ASI BIOKON
o Multipurpose experiment container
o Allows incubation of small volumes up to 37°C
o Autonomous or external power supply

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

NASA COLDBAG
o Active ultra-cold container for transportation of experiments to / from ISS
o Temperatures range between +4°C and -160°C
 +4°C
 -26°C
 -32*C

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 FACILITIES ON BOARD – NASA / ASI

NASA GLACIER
o Active ultra-cold container for transportation of experiments to / from ISS
o Temperatures range between +4°C and -160°C

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 PLATFORMS FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

Microgravity can be achieved by:

o Sounding rockets
o Space Stations
o Free-flyer satellites
Platforms reacheable by European organizations
o ESA program of sounding rockets
 MASER
 MAXUS
 TEXUS
o International Space Station
o Russian recoverable satellites

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 PLATFORMS FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

Sounding rockets
o Ballistic missile able to take payloads to altitudes of 250-750 km, with almost
vertical ascent and descent trajectories
o “Microgravity(1)” conditions are met during the freefall phase once the rocket
motors have exhausted their thrust and have dropped
o The duration of weightlessness, in the range from 6 to 13 minutes, is
determined by the apogee reached by the rocket

(1) Residual acceleration in the order of 10-4g

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 PLATFORMS FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

International Space Station

o Facts and figures
 Module Length: 51 meters
 Structure Length: 109 meters
 Solar Array Length: 73 meters
 Mass: 419.455 kilograms
 Habitable Volume: 388 m3
 Pressurized Volume: 916 m3
o On its 10th anniversary (Nov. 2010):
 Visited by 204 individuals with 174 spacewalks
 Reached by 137 space vehicles
 Run 2,4 billion Km (8 round trips to the Sun)

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 PLATFORMS FOR MICROGRAVITY RESEARCH

Free flyers
o Automatic (non-manned) satellites available for research in microgravity
 Foton – Bion (Roskosmos)

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 Safety aspects in a space lab/environment

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 Safety Review Process
Activity to be developed in parallel to the Design and MAIT (Manufacturing,
Assembly, Integration and Test) phases.

The Safety Review Process is carried out through several stages of

revision and is regulated by a series of documents which establish the
requirements and guide the development.

The scope of the Safety Review Process is to systematically identify

hazards, their causes and the necessary controls to remove or, at least,
mitigate them.

Hazard Category:
o Release of materials can be catastrophic, critical or non-hazardous
o List of potentially hazardous materials submitted to NASA boards
o Level 1 toxic materials are “Critical”, Level 2 or greater are
“Catastrophic”

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 Safety Review Process
The Safety Review Process is articulated in several phases :

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 Safety Review Process

 Safety in Life Sciences

Our experience with several Life Sciences experiments,

tells us that the most critical hazard of science payloads
is the possible unwanted release of toxic / biological
materials.

This hazard is related to:

o toxicity (for release into crew habitable
environments)
o materials compatibility
o flammability

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 Safety Review Process

Usage of chemicals and biological materials on ISS

is permitted and it is regulated by Biosafety Review
Board and Toxicology Office.

The mission of the Biosafety Review Board (BRB) is

to identify, evaluate, control and prevent biological
hazards. Biohazardous materials may consist of
bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, cell cultures, and
other infectious agents. All biological payloads are
assessed and biohazardous materials identified and
Biosafety Level (BSL) is assigned.

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 Safety Review Process

The mission of the Toxicology Office is to protect

spacecraft crews from toxic exposures, this is
accomplished by assessing and documenting the
health hazards of specific potential contaminants of
spacecraft air or water before each flight. All chemical
material are assessed and a Toxic Hazard Level
(THL) is assigned.

BSL and THL ratings of each payload are

summarized in the Hazardous Materials Summary
Tables (HMST)

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 Safety Review Process

 Level of Containment (LoC)

A Level of Containment (LoC) is a safety control used for

the containment of hazardous materials. Levels of
Containment are usually physical barriers such as
metallic boxes sealed with o-rings at all interfaces.

Other examples of Levels of Containment are:

o plastic or glass container
o seals or welds
o filters, mesh screens or hydrophobic membranes

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 Safety Review Process

The combination of BSL and THL provides the number of the

Level of containment (LoC) that the payload must provide to
satisfy the safety requirements.

2 LoC 3 LoC
1 LoC
(Critical Hazard) (Catastrofic Hazard)

THL 0 1 2-3

BSL 1 2 (moderate) 2 (High)

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 Safety Review Process

Example of THL and BSL rates:

THL:
RNA later  THL = 1  2 LoC
Paraformaldehyde  THL = 2  3 LoC

BSL:
Xenopus laevis (tadpoles)  BSL = 1  1 LoC
Human T-lymphocytes cells  BSL = 2 Moderate  2 LoC

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 Safety Review Process

 Materials Compatibility

The payload developer must ensure compatibility of

materials with all exposed materials, cleaning products
and fluids.
The materials selection process usually includes
considerations for materials compatibility. The only
additional concern for materials compatibility is to ensure
the specific fluids, other than normal atmospheric or
humid conditions, are also compatible with the LoC
materials.
The particular concern is materials compatibility of soft
seals with the contained fluids.
Dedicated test should be conducted to verify
compatibility between experiment materials and LoC.

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 Safety Review Process

Test of LoC

Each of the safety controls identified must be verified

through qualification and acceptance testing.
The verification approach for LoC to prevent rupture
and leakage is focused on strength analysis and
tests, seal qualification, leak tests and procedures
(e.g. assembly procedures).
Qualification and acceptance tests, analyses and
procedures will be clearly identified and described as
verifications in a dedicated Hazard Report

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 Safety Review Process

 Qualification tests (on engineering unit)

o Design analysis / test - structural strength of aluminum
housing , 2.5 x Maximum Design Pressure (MDP)
o Assembly procedures for seals qualified with dedicated
testing
o Leak test of seal design on aluminum box and
configuration at minimum 1.0 x MDP
 Acceptance tests (on flight unit)
o Leak test of plastic box, tubing and chamber to operating
pressure (functional test)
o Proof test of aluminum box, welds and seal(s) to 1.5 x
MDP
o Follow qualified assembly procedures (sometimes final
leak test is not feasible)

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 Safety Review Process

Strength test @2.5 MDP set-up:

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 Safety Review Process

Leak test @1 bar set-up:

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 What a mission is

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 Mission

What a mission is

o Past and planned missions

o Logistics, integration, team, time schedule
o Laboratories at launch site

Experiment Sequence Test (EST)

o Why, when and where

Ground experiment

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 Mission

The mission is the final and most important step of

the experiment design, manufacturing and testing

The majority of payloads developed by KI were

related to biological experiments

During last 10 years the payloads developed by KI

were mainly installed in Kubik and Biolab facilities
on the International Space Station (ISS)

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 Mission

Each experiment has a specific transportation

scenario between launch and installation into
incubator w.r.t. temperature range and maximum
time before start of incubation

It is necessary to identify the best carrier according

to the experiment requirements

Today main available carrier are :

o To ISS: Soyuz or Progress (Russia)
o To ISS: Dragon (SpaceX) (USA)
o Orbital capsules: Foton/Bion (Russia), Shengzhou (China), others

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 Mission

 Logistic plan, prepared by the Payload Integration

Manager (PIM) with the contribution of science and PD
team.

 Definition of the biological materials and chemicals

necessary to experiment preparation at launch site
(Science team), including consumables

 PD provides the list of experiment hardware

 Identification of the best transportation scenario to the

launch, taking into account the storage temperature for
biological materials and chemicals

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 Mission

Definition of the number of components needed for

both teams (science and PD), taking into account
the results of the Experiment Sequence Test
performed.

Assessment of the list of facilities available in the

laboratory at launch site (Science team). If any
instrument/device deemed necessary for the
experiment preparation is missing it has to be
notified to the lab authority.

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 Mission
 Detailed schedule of activities at launch site (in the logistic plan)

 The typical schedule includes the arrival at launch site at L-5 days
(where L is the launch date)

 The delivery of the experiment hardware is at L-14 hours for

Russian carriers

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 Mission
 The flight preparation activities have therefore to be
completed in the time frame between L-5d and L-14H

 The biological materials and chemicals preparation

activities are autonomously performed by the Science team.

 The filling of experiment hardware is jointly performed with

PD team.

 The final integration and test of the experiment hardware

are performed by PD team.

 At the end of integration activities the experiment hardware

ready for launch is delivered to the launch authorities.

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 Mission
Biological laboratory in Baikonur

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 Mission
Incubator in biological laboratory in Baikonur

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 Mission
Door of lab in Baikonur with stickers of KI missions

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 Mission

SPHINX hardware ready for flight

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 Mission
SPHINX HW on board the ISS

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 Mission
RESLEM HW removal from MELFI freezer on board the ISS

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 Experiment Sequence Test

The EST takes place at the end of the acceptance

test campaign

Science team and payload developer (PD) team

are involved in the EST

Science team is responsible for providing biological

materials and chemicals

Flight hardware is provided by PD

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 Experiment Sequence Test

The EST objectives can be summarized as follows :

 To obtain assurance that the integrated scenario

performs as intended and is suitable to accomplish all
experiment mission operations requirements within the
constraints imposed by the operational environment.

 To identify and document unexpected anomalies and

their solutions/workarounds to prevent their occurrence
on-board or to minimize their impacts on the on-orbit
experiment execution.

 To refine the experiment execution and implement the

corrective actions in the final versions of the
operational products

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 Experiment Sequence Test

 EST aims to simulate the whole mission, from the preparation of the
experiment containers in the laboratory, including the transfer from the
science team’s lab, to the on-board workflows and finally the handover
to the science time after landing.

 Test the one-to-one preparation timeline; the step-by-step procedures

for filling and assembling the hardware as well as the final check and
acceptance of the whole experiment set-up.

 EST is the only occasion for testing the protocols and the hardware
under real-like conditions.

 After EST learned lessons and improvements shall be implemented in

the ground and on-orbit procedures and in the science team/payload
developer’s preparation plan.

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 Experiment Sequence Test

A typical EST planning schedule

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 Ground experiment

 The ground experiment is the reference for the flight experiment

 Same biological materials, chemicals and protocol are used

 The ground experiment is performed in parallel to the flight experiment

and is used to verify the experiment execution (in terms of cells survival,
growth and so on)

 The HW used for ground experiment is identical to the flight one

 Normally an additional ground experiment is performed after the mission

following the same scenario (especially the temperature profile)
experienced by the flight experiment

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 Ground experiment

 For experiments using the Kubik facility, the ground experiment can be
perfomed in a Kubik ground model, or by means of the Kubik Interface
Simulation Station (KISS)

 The KISS is a set of devices that can accommodate up to 24 KIC-SL

experiment containers.

 It provides power to the experiment hardware (as KUBIK does) so that

they can perform automatic activations during the experiment execution
according to the preloaded timeline.

 The KISS does not provide temperature control therefore to reproduce

the Kubik environment it has to be placed inside a laboratory incubator.

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 Experiment Sequence Test
KISS with 24 KIC-SL

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 End of presentation.

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