CEPC 111

Fundamentals of Surveying

ENGR. ROLLY S. TAMBE

Instructor
COMPOUND and REVERSED CURVE
SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• PC = Point of curvature. It is the

beginning of curve.
• PT = Point of tangency. It is the
end of curve.
• PI = Point of intersection of the
tangents. Also called vertex
• T = Length of tangent from PC
to PI and from PI to PT. It is
known as subtangent.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• R = Radius of simple curve, or

simply radius.
• L = Length of chord from PC to
PT. Point Q as shown below is
the midpoint of L.
• Lc = Length of curve from PC
to PT. Point M in the the figure
is the midpoint of Lc.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• E = External distance, the

nearest distance from PI to the
curve.
• m = Middle ordinate, the
distance from midpoint of
curve to midpoint of chord.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• I = Deflection angle (also

called angle of intersection
and central angle). It is the
angle of intersection of the
tangents. The angle
subtended by PC and PT at O
is also equal to I, where O is
the center of the circular
curve from the above figure.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• x = offset distance from

tangent to the curve. Note: x
is perpendicular to T.
• θ = offset angle subtended at
PC between PI and any point
in the curve
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• D = Degree of curve. It is the

central angle subtended by a
length of curve equal to one
station. In English system, one
station is equal to 100 ft and in
SI, one station is equal to 20 m.
• Sub chord = chord distance
between two adjacent full
stations.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE

• Sharpness Of Circular Curve

The smaller is the degree of

curve, the flatter is the curve
and vice versa. The sharpness
of simple curve is also
determined by radius R. Large
radius are flat whereas small
radius are sharp.
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves

1. ARC BASIS

2. CHORD BASIS
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
 SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
• Formulas for Circular Curves
SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
EXAMPLE 1:

A simple curve connects two

tangents AB and BC with
bearings 𝑁 85°30′ 𝐸 and
𝑆 68°30′ 𝐸 respectively. If the
stationing of the vertex is
4+360.2 and the stationing of
PC is 4+288.4. Determine:

1. Radius of the curve

2. External Distance
3. Middle ordinate
4. Chord distance
5. Length of curve
SIMPLE CIRCULAR CURVE
EXAMPLE 2:

The angle of intersection of a

circular curve is 36°30′ . If the
external distance is 12.02 m.
Determine:

1. Radius of the curve

2. Tangent Distance
3. Middle ordinate
4. Chord distance
5. Length of curve
COMPOUND CURVE
A compound curve consists of two (or more) circular
curves between two main tangents joined at point of
compound curve (PCC).
COMPOUND CURVE

• PC = point of curvature
• PT = point of tangency
• PI = point of intersection
• PCC = point of compound curve
• T1 = length of tangent of the first
curve
• T2 = length of tangent of the
second curve
COMPOUND CURVE

• V1 = vertex of the first curve

• V2 = vertex of the second curve
• I1 = central angle of the first curve
• I2 = central angle of the second
curve
• I = angle of intersection = I1 + I2
• Lc1 = length of first curve
• Lc2 = length of second curve
COMPOUND CURVE

• L1 = length of first chord

• L2 = length of second chord
• L = length of long chord from PC
to PT
• T1 + T2 = length of common
tangent measured from V1 to V2
COMPOUND CURVE
EXAMPLE 1:

Given the following data:

D1=3° D2=4°
I1= 28° I2=31°
Sta. PI= 30+125.5

Determine:

1. Sta. PCC
2. Sta. PT
3. Long Chord
4. Length of curve
COMPOUND CURVE
EXAMPLE 2:

Two tangents intersect at

station 26+050. A compound
curve laid on their tangents
has the following data:
D1=3° D2=5°
I1= 31° I2=36°

Determine:

1. Sta. PC
2. Sta. PT
3. Long Chord
4. Length of curve
REVERSED CURVE
REVERSED CURVE
REVERSED CURVE

• PC = point of curvature
• PT = point of tangency
• PRC = point of reversed
curvature
• T1 = length of tangent of the first
curve
• T2 = length of tangent of the
second curve
REVERSED CURVE

• V1 = vertex of the first curve

• V2 = vertex of the second curve
• I1 = central angle of the first curve
• I2 = central angle of the second
curve
• Lc1 = length of first curve
• Lc2 = length of second curve
REVERSED CURVE

• L1 = length of first chord

• L2 = length of second chord
• T1 + T2 = length of common
tangent measured from V1 to V2
REVERSED CURVE
EXAMPLE 1:

Two parallel tangents 10 m apart

are connected by a reversed
curve of the same radius. The
chord length from the PC to the
PT equals 120m. Determine:

1. Length of the common

tangent
2. Equal radius of the reversed
curve
3. Stationing of the PRC if the
stationing of A at the
beginning of the common
tangent is 3+240
 REVERSED CURVE
EXAMPLE 2:

In a railroad layout, the centerline of

two parallel tracks are connected
with a reversed curve of unequal
radii. The central angle of the first
curve is 16 ° and the distance
between parallel tracks are 27.60 m.
stationing of PC is 15+420 and the
radius of the second curve is 290 m..
Determine:

1. Length of the common tangent

2. Length of the long chord from
PC to PT
3. Stationing of the PT
To be continued…