FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC

ENGINEERING
PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL OF ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING
RESHEARCH TOPIC:
GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE – PAST
PROGRESSIVE – WH QUESTIONS
TRANSVERSAL TOPIC: EDUCATION IN
PREVENTION OF RISKS: NATURAL
DISASTER
SONG:
COURSE: ENGLISH IV
PROFESSOR: MG. ED. ROSAURA CAMONES
ESTELA
STUDENTS: CARDEÑA CAMANI JOSE CARLOS
AZALDEGUI VEGAZO LUIS

CYCLE:
ACADEMIC SEMESTER: 2019-B
CALLAO, PERU
What is risk?
The risk is the probability that a threat becomes a disaster. Vulnerability or threats,
separately, they do not represent a danger. But if they get together, they become a risk,
that is, the probability of Let a disaster happen.
However, the risks can be reduced or managed. If we are careful in our relationship with
the environment, and if we are aware of our weaknesses and vulnerabilities to existing
threats, we can take steps to ensure that threats do not become disasters.
Risk management not only allows us to prevent disasters. It also helps us practice what is
known as sustainable development.
Development is sustainable when people can live well, with health and happiness, without
damage the environment or other people in the long term. For example, you can make a
living for a while by cutting trees and selling the wood, but if no more trees are planted
than cut, soon there will be no trees and the livelihood will be over. So it is not sustainable.
What is prevention and mitigation?
Prevention and mitigation are all we do to make sure that a disaster does not happen or,
if it happens, that does not harm us as much as it could. Most natural phenomena cannot
be prevented; but yes we can reduce the damage caused by an earthquake if we build
more resistant houses and in places where the ground is solid.
What is prevention?
It is the application of measures to prevent an event from becoming In a mess For
example, plant trees prevents erosion and landslides. It can also prevent droughts.
What is mitigation?
They are measures for reduce vulnerability to certain threats. For example, there are ways
to construction that ensure our homes, schools or hospitals don't fall with a earthquake or
hurricane
Prevention and mitigation begin with:
 Know what are the threats and risks to we are exposed in our community.
 Meet with our family and neighbors and make plans to reduce those threats and
risks or prevent them from harming us.
 Perform what we plan to reduce our vulnerability. It is not enough to talk about
the matter, you have to take action.
What are natural disasters?
Natural disasters are understood as those violent or sudden changes in the dynamics of
the environment, whose repercussions can cause material and life losses, and which are
the product of environmental events in which the hand of the human being is not present,
such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, among others.
They are cataloged as disasters since environmental conditions go to extremes, exceeding
the limits of what was considered normal. Thus, an earthquake can be harmless, but if it
increases in intensity and becomes an earthquake, it will surely cause death, destruction
and structural changes in the earth's surface.
Natural disasters should not be confused with environmental disasters, characterized by
the presence of a specific substance that pollutes, degrades or destroys the chemical,
physical or biotic balance of an ecosystem. This type of environmental tragedy is usually
a direct consequence of irresponsible human activities with the environment.
However, one could claim that these disasters are never exclusively natural, since to some
extent they can be complicated or even due to poor planning (even the total lack of
planning), by human societies. Even so, unpredictable phenomena such as volcano
eruption are important challenges for even the most developed and organized societies.

Classification of natural disasters

Natural disasters can be classified according to their nature, as follows:
Landslides It is understood by avalanches, avalanches and other landslides, such as rivers,
stones, mountains, mud, etc. Atmospheric phenomena. They derive from climatic
conditions or the Earth's atmosphere, and tend to be extreme: prolonged droughts or
endless thunderstorms, blizzards, hurricanes, etc. Biological disasters. Here come the
pandemics and mass extinctions, among other infectious outbreaks that may or may not
directly attack the human being. Volcanic eruptions. When the boiling magma from the
depths of the Earth gushes out violently, it gives rise to volcanoes. Hot lava creates new
surface layers and destroys everything in its path. Space phenomena. Here fall objects fall
from space such as meteorites, solar winds and other phenomena from outside the planet.
Forest fires. The drought, the intense sun or the presence of glass and other materials that
concentrate the sun's rays making a magnifying glass, can start huge fires, which devour
hectares of grasslands and even entire forests in its path, ending life and massively soiling
the atmosphere with its fumes and particles in suspension. Earthquakes. This is the name
of the jerky and disorderly movements of the earth's crust, a consequence of the
movements of the tectonic plates. They can be mild and cause little damage, or be terrible
shocks that bring down trees, buildings and mountains. Tsunamis and floods.
Consequence of summary earthquakes or abrupt climatic changes (such as the El Niño
phenomenon), they flood everything in its path, submerging entire houses and
accumulating bodies of water that drag everything in its path, ruining crops and entire
villages.
Examples of natural disasters
Throughout history there have been major natural disasters, among which we can list the
following:
The Great Drought in the United States during the 1930s. The Tragedy of Vargas, a trough
on the coast of Venezuela in 1999, which caused heavy rains for a week and massive
landslides, so it is listed as the avalanche of the deadliest mud in history by the Guinnes
Record. The Spanish flu of 1918, a pandemic that killed about 40 million people. The
2011 Japan tsunami, the result of a catastrophic earthquake in the Pacific Ocean basin of
9, 0 degrees on the Richter scale, which created waves up to 40.5 meters high. The
eruption of Mount Vesuvius, which buried the Roman city of Pompeii in lava in 79 AD
of the Chiapas earthquake of 2017, occurred in September of that year and with an
epicenter in the Mexican city, it had an intensity of 8.2 on the Richter scale and left 98
dead and 2,500,000 affected. The Hurricane Maria in 2017, the third hurricane of the
season of the year in the Caribbean , after Irma and José, also devastating. It killed around
500 people and was particularly cruel in Puerto Rico, which was still recovering from the
damage caused by Irma.
What to do in case of a natural disaster?
It is not easy to be in a natural disaster situation and less when you are away from home.
Security should be one of your highest priorities when you are living in a foreign country.

The best attitude you should assume is calm and rational. The less you give rise to panic,
the greater the chances of everything going well in the end. You should always remember
that natural disasters such as earthquakes are natural reactions of the Earth in its
continuous movement and that, given the imminence of such events, prevention is the
best.
Before an earthquake:
Identify the safest places in your residence or university. The door frames or sturdy
furniture are the recommended places to protect yourself in these cases. Always have a
first aid kit, flashlights, radio and batteries in a safe and strategic place. Also reserve
drinking water and some non-perishable foods such as canned foods and chocolates that
will give you energy. Make a plan to know what to do and where to meet your classmates
after the tremor. Generally, universities and colleges have plans designed for these
eventualities.
During an earthquake:
Be sure to keep calm and not run or induce panic in other people. Stay away from glass
windows and falling objects. If you are outside, locate a clear area, as far as possible from
buildings, trees and poles. Find a sturdy and safe place to take shelter and always protect
your head from things that may fall around you.
After an earthquake:
Turn on the radio and follow the instructions recommended by the authorities. Do not be
alarmed by rumors. Remember to stay away from poles, buildings, electrical cables and
trees as there may be small secondary earthquakes. If there are injured nearby, ask for
help via mobile to the relief bodies. Try to maintain control and make sure that the
affected person remains conscious and calm in the face of the situation. Check the sources
of gas, water or electricity and get away from dangerous areas in case of any escape.
Make sure to get in touch with the authorities of your university or school so that they
know that you are well. After the situation is controlled, and as soon as you have the
opportunity, report to the consulate or embassy of your country, especially in case of loss
of your personal documents.
And in case of a Tsunami?
The tsunamis are generated by the earth's telluric movements that unleash strong
movements in the depths of the sea, and with them great waves. These waves can have a
speed of 800 km/h between each wave there can be a space of ten minutes to an hour.
There may be up to ten devastating waves in a span of twelve hours. If you live in a
coastal area, you should be prepared to know what to do in the face of an event of this
nature. If there has been an earthquake in the area where you live, you should stay alert
to local sirens or to the authorities warning against the evidence of a tsunami. Therefore,
if you have a radio at hand, or if you have electricity, you should quickly check the news
and know the level of risk in your area.
Some recommendations:
When in coastal areas, pay attention to possible tsunami warnings. Organize an
evacuation route that leads to higher ground. Stay tuned for certain signs that warn of the
arrival of a tsunami such as the rapid rise or fall of water. on the coast. Never stay near
the shore to see a tsunami coming. A tsunami consists of a series of waves. Do not return
to a coastal area affected by a tsunami until the authorities indicate that it is safe.
Remember also:
Cut off any supply of gas, water or electricity in the place you are in. In case of evacuation,
be sure to take with you: water, non-perishable food, thick clothing and first aid items.
Stay away from areas near the sea, until the authorities indicate otherwise. The safest
places in this situation are hills or hills, or try to place yourself at a height of at least
eleven meters above sea level.
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