Martin Ethier, 20660931

Kevin Jimenez 20648065

Lab 2 Prelab
QUESTIONS

Lab partners must work together on these questions and prepare one prelab report.
Calculations, where applicable, must be shown. The report can be hand-written.

Question 1: There are several types of digital inputs on the 16F873A micro. Look at
Table 1-2 (around page 11/234) of the data-sheet. The encoder will be connected to inputs
RB1, RB2, RB4, and RB5. What type of input buffer is used for these inputs? (CMOS,
TTL, Schmitt Trigger, or Open Collector)

TTL

Question 2: In the same data-sheet under the DC Characteristics, look for the “Input Low
Voltage” Characteristic. For the buffer type found in Question 1, and assuming a supply
voltage of VDD=5.00 V to the PIC (and using the “For entire VDD range” condition)
calculate the voltage needed to register a given input voltage as “low” to two significant
figures.

Low input voltage

0.15*VDD
0.15*5.00 = 0.75V

Question 3: Calculate the high voltage-threshold using the “Input High Voltage”
characteristic to three significant figures. In order to create a “clean” digital input, the input
signal should never be between the voltages calculated in questions 2 and 3.

High input voltage

0.25*VDD +0.8V
0.25*5.00 +0.8 = 2.05V

Question 4: Calculate resistor values R1, R2, and R3 for the Schmitt trigger circuit to three
significant figures to create hysteresis with the lower threshold at 2.00V and an upper
threshold at 4.00V. R1, R2, R3 must all be  1k.

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 Question 5: In Question 4, you had three variables, but only two equations. What basis
should you use to select the third resistor?

We let R1 be equal to 10k because this value is a good current limiter for the opamp (I sc
10mA) and it is a PVNS value.

Question 6: From the list of available resistors, select the most appropriate values to
replace the values calculated in Question 4. Bring these values with you to the lab as you
will need them to construct page 4 of the schematic.

Since 10k is already in the PVNS table we can let R1 be equal to 10.0KΩ.
While for R2 and R3 we will choose the closest higher PVNS value which is 5.10KΩ.
We are choosing the higher value to be safer and limit current to avoid the damage of any of
the components.

Question 7: Given the resistor values from Question 6 of which each could vary by up to
±5%, calculate the two extreme cases (minimum range of hysteresis and maximum range
of hysteresis) which the resulting circuit can have with the chosen values (assume
independent extremes). Be sure to show your results as two ranges in the format:
Vthres_low – Vthres_high. Refer to the following figure for a visual representation of the
two ranges you’ll need to find.

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