Law of Segregation

the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of gametes the two
copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each
parent. Expand. Also called Mendel's first law, Mendel's law.

What is the Melendel’s law of segregation?

When sperm and egg unite at fertilization, each contributes its allele, restoring the paired
condition in the offspring. This is called the Law of Segregation. Mendel also found that each
pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation.

pure-breeding line or strain. A group of identical individuals that always produce offspring of
the same phenotype when intercrossed

Wrinkled seed or CHICHARO

Mendel hypothesized that allele pairs separate randomly, or segregate, from each other during
the production of gametes: egg and sperm..

Genes and Gametes

Genes: A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes, which are
made up of DNA, act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. In humans,
genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases.
The Human Genome Project has estimated that humans have between 20,000 and
25,000 genes.

Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Most genes
are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than 1 percent of the total)
are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms of the same gene with small
differences in their sequence of DNA bases. These small differences contribute to each
person’s unique physical features.

Gametes: A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry"[1]) is
a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception)
in organisms that sexually reproduce. In species that produce two morphologically distinct types of
gametes, and in which each individual produces only one type, a female is any individual that
produces the larger type of gamete—called an ovum (or egg)—and a male produces the
smaller tadpole-like type—called a sperm. In short a gamete is an egg (female gamete) or a sperm
(male gamete) This is an example of anisogamy or heterogamy, the condition in which females and
males produce gametes of different sizes (this is the case in humans; the human ovum has
approximately 100,000 times the volume of a single human sperm cell[2][3]).

The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient
world from around the 9th century

Haploid is the term used when a cell has half the usual number of chromosomes.

Anisogamy (also called heterogamy) is the form of sexual reproduction that involves the union or
fusion of two gametes,

Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative

fertilisation, conception, fecundation, syngamy and impregnation,[1] is the fusion of gametes to
initiate the development of a new individual organism.

In biology, an organism (from Greek: οργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits
the properties of life. It is a synonym for "life form".

Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of

specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg)
and a male's smaller sperm.

Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and
their specific structural features.[1]

The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete)
in oogamous organisms. The egg cell is typically not capable of active movement, and it is much
larger (visible to the naked eye) than the motile sperm cells.

A tadpole (also called a pollywog) is the larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly
that of a frog or toad.

Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning
"seed"). In the types of sexual reproduction known as anisogamy and its subtype oogamy, there is a
marked difference in the size of the gametes with the smaller one being termed the "male" or sperm
cell.

The production of two type of gamets is called heterogamy.it is the type of sexual reproduction in
which male gamete are small,motile and female gamete are large non motile containing stored food
which is used in early stage of development od new offspring
Dipliod Parent
Having two sets of chromosomes or double the haploid number of chromosomes in the germ
cell, with one member of each chromosome pair derived from the ovum and one from the
spermatazoon. The diploidnumber, 46 in humans, is the normal chromosome complement of
an organism's somatic cells. n. A diploid organism or cell.

Meiosis: a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number
of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.

Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During
this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis.

The alleles have segregated: As chromosomes separate into different gametes during meiosis,
the two different alleles for a particular gene also segregate so that each gamete acquires one
of the two alleles.

Dipliod
diploid (2n) chromosome numbers were determined from cells in lateprophase a
nd metaphase of mitosis.

In animals, as in plants, the diploid generation attained the higherdevelopment

and gradually assumed the dominant position.

The uninitiated sees in the more highly organised plants only a succession ofdipl
oid generations.

Heterozygous: An allele can be dominant or recessive. Individuals, meanwhile, can be

homozygous or heterozygous: individuals who are homozygous for a certain gene carry two
copies of the same allele. individuals who are heterozygous for a certain gene carry two
different alleles.

Phenotype: the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of
its genotype with the environment.

Gametogenesis: the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes.