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Peer-to-peer
• Advantages of peer-to-peer networks:
• Low cost
• Simple to configure
• User has full accessibility of the computer
• Network Servers
• Computers that manage and provide network resources and
services to clients
• Usually have more processing power, memory and hard disk
space than clients
• Run Network Operating System that can manage not only data,
but also users, groups, security, and applications on the
network
• Servers often have a more stringent requirement on its
performance and reliability
• Advantages of client/server networks
• Facilitate resource sharing – centrally administrate and
control
• Facilitate system backup and improve fault tolerance
• Enhance security – only administrator can have access
to Server
• Support more users – difficult to achieve with peer-to-
peer networks
1. Bus/tree
2. Star-wired bus
3. Star-wired ring
4. Wireless
Network Topology (or layout) –
It defines the way in which computers,
printers, and other devices are connected. A
network topology describes the layout of the
wire and devices as well as the paths used
by data transmissions.
Bus/Tree Topology
MAU DEVICE
•Logically operates as a ring but physically appears
as a star
•Based on MAU (multi-station access unit) which
functions similarly to a hub
•Where a hub immediately broadcasts all incoming
signals onto all connected links, the MAU passes the
signal around in a ring fashion
•Like hubs, MAUs can be interconnected to increase
network size
Star-Wired Ring Topology (continued)
Star-Wired Ring Topology (continued)
Wireless LANs
•Not really a specific topology
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Wireless LANs (continued)
41
Wireless LANs (continued)
42
Wireless LANs (continued)
•HiperLAN/2 (European standard, 54 Mbps in 5 GHz
band)
•To provide security, most systems use either Wired
Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
•Provides either 40- or 128-bit key protection
•Or a more advanced standard such as WPA (more on
security in Chapter Thirteen)
•Wireless LANs may also be configured without access
point
•These configurations are called “ad-hoc”
Wireless LANs (continued)
Comparison of Bus, Star-Wired Bus,
Star-Wired Ring, and Wireless Topologies
Medium Access Control Protocols
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IEEE 802.3 and 802.5 Frame Formats
•Ethernet or CSMA/CD
•Most common form of LAN today
•Star-wired bus is most common topology but bus
topology also available
•Ethernet comes in many forms depending on:
•Medium used
•Transmission speed
•Technology
Ethernet
•Originally, CSMA/CD was 10 Mbps