Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.

Senior High School

S.Y. 2019-2020

The Effects of Family Income Towards the Self-Esteem of the Students in MCSMA

A Research Study Presented to The Faculty of Senior High School Department of Mount Carmel School of Maria
Aurora , Inc.

In Fulfilment in the Requirements for Research 2

By:

Delfin, Maricris U.

Necesito, Princess Joy R.

October 2019
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers wish to impress their heartfelt gratitude to the people who helped them to accomplish this
manuscript.

To Mrs. Febbie Jane W. Ramos, their subject teacher for her guidance, suggestions, encouragement, support and
kindness in the completion of this study and the Grade 7 students for their participation.

Their beloved parents, friends for their love, care, prayers, financial and moral support extended to them.

Lastly, to GOD, for giving us his everlasting love, blessings, guidance ,courage, hope and strength who made all these
things possible.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

DEDICATION

The researcher dedicate this research study to: Father Almighty for giving the researchers guidance , courage
and presence of mind to done this work and for continually shaping and helping them into the leads He desires for
them.

To all those who believe in their ability to done and finish this work successfully.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER I: PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

DEFINITION OF TERMS

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

FOREIGN LITERATURE

LOCAL LITERATURE

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN
LOCALE OF THE STUDY
RESPONDENTS AND SAMPLING PROCEDURE
DATA GATHERING
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
STATISTICAL TREATMENT

CHAPTER IV:PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

CHAPTER V:SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

APPENDICES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CURRICULUM VITAE
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

ABSTRACT

Self-esteem is an important aspect of the adaptive processes at all stages of life. Self- esteem is to known to refer to
respects for one’s person. In this study , we aimed at examining the issue as it is manifested among teenagers. It was
determined that majority of the respondents age ranges rom 12 to 13 years old that experience a self-esteem because
of family income. On the other hand it was found out that there is significant effect of family income towards self-
esteem of the students among grade 7 student of MCSMA. This study was conducted on 100 students at MCSMA age
between 11-13 years old.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The researcher will examine the effect of family income towards the self-esteem of the students. Some of the
students has lack of self-esteem and confidence. Some of students in Grade 7 in MCSMA has experienced a non-
married parents or having not enough money that affects their self-esteem. This low of self-esteem can lead to a lack of
confidence and feeling of hopeless. Self-esteem can be problematic for a number of reason such as lack of
income/money or lack of support given by their parents . In life ,some will make a decisions that do not align in their
passion, goal, value and also their dream in life. Because of lack of money , they do not have enough income to fulfill all
their dream that’s why their self-esteem was getting low because of money/family income. Money can affects self-
esteem of the students, but basing self-esteem on external factors like your financial situation. Self-esteem is generally
conceptualized as the extent exentral evaluative component of the self and reflects the extent to which individuals
believe they worthwhile . Even family income were controlled of parental marital status had no effect on some girls
self-esteem . Having not enough family income can lead low self-esteem of student. Money can interact with self-
esteem of the students in variety ways. Lack of money and self-esteem has always connected that no one can separate.

II. Statement of the Problem

The researcher chose this topic to know how family income affects the self-esteem of the students. How they
handle and conquer some situation involving money .

With this, it answered the following question:

1. How Family income affects the self-confidence?

2. How can you handle such situation?

3. What are the effects of having low income and low self-esteem

III. Conceptual Framework

 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE

 Self-confidence
 Gaining friends DEPENDENT
 Personal VARIABLE
achievement
 Personal Effects of Family
happiness Income towards
 Enjoyment Self-Esteem of the
 Behaviour Students of MCSMA
 Life satisfaction

IV. Research Hypotheses

1. There are no effects of family income towards the self-esteem of the students in MCSMA.

2. There are lots of effects of family income towards the self-esteem of the students in MCSMA.

V. Scope and Delimitation

The researcher will conduct a survey to all Grade 7 students of Mount Carmel of Maria Aurora Inc. because they
have the situation states the problem. It is hard for them to cope or to start gaining self-confidence.

VI. Significance of the study

This study “The Effects of Family Income towards the Self-Esteem of the Students in MCSMA” will benefit the
following:
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
Students- it would help the students who suffered and experienced having low self-esteem and to understand
them.

Teacher – For them also understand why some kind of matter affects the behavior of their students.

Parents – For them to know the effects of income to theirs children`s behavior in school and to help them make their
children understand their situation.

Researchers – this study would provide necessary information in order to answer their questions and can contribute
to other researcher.

VII. Definition of Terms

The following terms as used in this study are defined:

Money- is any item of verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayments
of debt such as taxes in a particular country or socioeconomic context

Family income- means all income received by all members of family. Combined gross money income of all members of
a family living in the same household. Compensation include wages, social security, child support, pensions capital
gains and dividends.

Self-esteem- an individuals subjected evaluation of their own worth. Self-esteem encompasses beliefs about oneself
as well as emotional.

CHAPTER II
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

When negative influences and thoughts are prevalent generated either from within ourselves on through
others it adversely affects the way we feel about ourselves. It also affects the experiences we have in our lives.

Over time this can lead to low self-esteem which can reduce the quality of a person’s life in many different
ways. Unchecked low self-esteem may even lead to mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, sometimes
with tragic results.

But what causes low self-esteem? There are many and varied reasons but according to clinical psychologist Dr.
Lars Medsen it’s frequently traced to abusive on dysfunctional early years , the effects of which can persist well into
adulthood. It can be attributed to on-going stressful lefe events (e.g relationship breakdowns; financial troubles, poor
treatment from a parent or career , being bullied or being abusive in an abusive relationship)- How does low self-
esteem negatively affect you by Elizabeth Venzin (July 8, 2018)

Esteem and life satisfaction in the development and general functioning of adolescents, into the effect of social
inequality on self-esteem and life satisfaction is required. However, relatively few researchers have examined
inequalities in young people’s life satisfaction or self-esteem. A comparison of inequalities in positive mental health
according to family socioeconomic circumstances and young adolescents’ perceptions of their social position will
increase our knowledge of the mechanisms behind socioeconomic inequalities, inform policy and practice and
ultimately contribute to global efforts in inequality reduction. This study investigates the associations of family
income and young adolescents’ perception of their social position with self-esteem and life satisfaction using large,
contemporary UK cohort of 11-years-old born at the turn of the century.

The livelihood greater self-esteem and life satisfaction increased with income; similarly, the risk of having poor
self-esteem and life satisfaction increased as income decreased. Young adolescents who perceived their family as
poorer than their friends (instead of about the same) were less likely to have greater satisfaction and were more likely
to have poor outcomes. Young adolescents’ who perceived their family as richer were more likely to have poor self-
esteem. For life satisfaction, young adolescents’ who perceived their families as richer were less likely to hae greater
and more likely to have poor life satisfaction.

 Low family income was associated with lower self- esteem and life satisfaction in a representative sample of
UK 11-year old. After adjustment for income , young people who perceived their family to poorer (rather than
about the same)than their peers had lower self -esteem and life satisfaction.
 Those who perceived their family to be richer(as opposed to about the same)than their peers also had worse
self-esteem and life satisfaction

According to Holly(1987) self-esteem is influenced by culture, child rearing practices, achievement related
attribution, and interaction with parent and teacher. Most research on self-esteem development was focused
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
on the transition from childhood adolescence (demo,1992). Several studies have found declines in self-esteem
(Eccles et al,1989;Engel 1959;Marsh,Parken and barnes,1985;Piers and Harries,1964;Rosenberg 1986;Sauin-
Williams and demo 1984;Simmons,Rosenberg and Rosenberg,1973).

Anita Mary A. 2005, studied the self-esteem. She applied Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale (1965) to measure the
self-esteem of the students. The study revealed that self-eteem was higher in the age group of 16-18 years old
than the other age group.

Local Studies

Almogela. L et al (2013) showed that there is no significant difference between the relationship of self-esteem
and health related behaviour when grouped according to males and females. It implied that when it comes to the
variable gender, the relationship of self-esteem and health related behaviour of males and females are not significantly
different from one another. The researchers use the Rosenberge’s Self-Esteem Scalien Saint Louis University School of
Nursing in Baguio City. There is no significant difference between health related behaviours of males and females
because gender does not moderate the relationship between the self-esteem and health related behaviour (Stress and
Gender in relation to self-esteem of University Business Students, 2011). This study in contradictory to some
researcher in which the relationship of self-esteem and health related behaviours of males and females shown that
there was a statistically significant difference with one another which show that males score significantly higher level
of self-esteem than females (self-esteem and optimism in rural youth: Gender differences 2010)

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

This research presents the discussion of method of research, the producers, and instruments used, the sources
of data, sampling design, and statistical treatment.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
Research Design

The research method used in this study was the descriptive research method in finding the solution to the
problem. The descriptive method is something more and beyond data gathering; the latter is not reflective thinking or
research. Data must be subjected to the thinking process in terms of ordered reasoning.

Locale of the Study

This study was conducted at Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA), Inc. located at Barangay 02,
Maria Aurora, Aurora.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

The respondents of this study are the Grade 7 students of MCSMA with overall 100 respondents, 25
respondents in every section.

Data Gathering Procedure

Working on this study, the researchers look or think of a topic that is connected to their strand which is
Accountancy Business and Management(ABM)and then, they pass it to Mam Febbie for the approval. After that, the
researchers proceeded on making this study.

The questionnaires are also passed to Mam Febbie for checking. After that, the researchers proceeded to the
distribution of the questionnaire to all the Grade 7 respondents. The data was collected after that.

Research Instruments

The research instrument used by the researchers was the questionnaire. It contains the profile of the
respondents where they graduated in elementary and the questions regarding their topic. It is compose of 10 question
answered by yes ,no or sometimes.

Statistical Analysis

The data gathered will be tabulated, analysed and interpreted by using statistical tools. This study required statistical
treatment of data and the researchers also need to interpret the data gathered through the result from questionnaire
checklist given to the respondents.

The following are the statistical tools used in this study together with their corresponding formulas.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
P=f/n x 100%

P is Percentage

F is Frequency

N total number of respondents

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, RESULTS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

Profile of the Students

Table 1. It shows the GENDER of the respondents.

GENDER FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

Male 47 47%
Female 53 53%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 1 shows that 47% of the respondents from Grade 7 are male and the remaining 53% are
female with a total of 100%.

There is no significant difference between health related behaviours of males and females because gender does
not moderate the relationship between the self-esteem and health related behaviour (Stress and Gender in relation
to self-esteem of University Business Students, 2011). This study in contradictory to some researcher in which the
relationship of self-esteem and health related behaviours of males and females shown that there was a statistically
significant difference with one another which show that males score significantly higher level of self-esteem than
females (self-esteem and optimism in rural youth: Gender differences 2010)

Table 2. It shows the AGE of the respondents.

AGE FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

11 years old 8 8%
12 years old 74 74%
13 years old 18 18%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 2 show that 11- 13 years old are the respondents who participated in this study. 8% of them are at
the age of 11, 74% are 12 years old, and the remaining 18% are 13 years old with a total of 100%.

 Low family income was associated with lower self- esteem and life satisfaction in a representative sample of
UK 11-year old. After adjustment for income , young people who received their family to poorer (rather than
about the same)than their peers had lower self -esteem and life satisfaction.

Table 3. It shows where the students GRADUATED IN ELEMENTARY.

 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
SCHOOL FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION
Private 17 17%
Public 83 83%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 3 show that 83% of the respondents are from public school and the remaining 17% are from
private school with a total of 100%

QUESTIONS

Table 4. Did you experience having not enough money?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 29 29%
SOMETIMES 62 62%
NO 9 9%
TOTAL 100 100%

The result in table 4 shows that 69% of the respondents said that they sometimes experience not having enough
money, while 29% answered yes and the remaining 9% did not experienced having enough money.

Table 5. Do you have friends in your classroom?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 90 90%
SOMETIMES 10 10%
NO 0 0%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 5 show that 90% of the respondents have friends and 10% of them sometimes have friends while
there are no respondents answered that they do not have friends in their classroom.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

Table 6. Do you have colleagues from the school where you graduated?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 45 45%
SOMETIMES 25 25%
NO 30 30%
TOTAL 100 100%

The result in table 6 shows that 45% of the respondents have colleagues from the school where they graduated in
elementary, 25%answered sometimes, and the remaining 30% do not have colleagues from the school where they
graduated.

Table 7. Are you confident with what you have?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 77 77%
SOMETIMES 19 19%
NO 4 4%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 7 show that 77% of the respondents are confident with what they have in their life. 19% answered
sometimes they are confident and the remaining 4% says that they are not confident with what they have.

The livelihood greater self-esteem and life satisfaction increased with income; similarly, the risk of having poor
self-esteem and life satisfaction increased as income decreased. Young adolescents who perceived their family
as poorer than their friends (instead of about the same) were less likely to have greater satisfaction and were
more likely to have poor outcomes. Young adolescents’ who perceived their family as richer were more likely to
have poor self-esteem.

Table 8. Are you confident with who you are?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 83 83%
SOMETIMES 10 10%
NO 7 7%
TOTAL 100 100%
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
The result in table 8 shows that 83% are confident with themselves, for who they are. 10% answered sometimes and
the remaining 7% says that they are not confident with themselves, for who they are.

The livelihood greater self-esteem and life satisfaction increased with income similarly, the risk of having poor self-
esteem and life satisfaction increased as income decreased. Young adolescents who perceived their family as
poorer than their friends (instead of about the same) were less likely to have greater satisfaction and were more
likely to have poor outcomes. Young adolescents’ who perceived their family as richer were more likely to have
poor self-esteem.

Table 9. Does your family income affect your behaviour inside the campus/classroom?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 25 25%
SOMETIMES 31 31%
NO 44 44%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 9 show that 25% of the respondents says that their family income affects their behaviour inside
the campus/classroom. 31%answered sometimes, and the remaining 44% says that their family income did not affect
their behaviour inside the classroom/campus.

Table 10. Did you feel ashamed when you don’t have enough money?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 19 19%
SOMETIMES 39 39%
NO 42 42%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 10 show that 19% of the respondents feel ashamed when they do not have enough money. 39%
answered sometimes and the remaining 42% answered no with a total of 100%.

The livelihood greater self-esteem and life satisfaction increased with income; similarly, the risk of having poor
self-esteem and life satisfaction increased as income decreased.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
Table 11. Does money help you to get higher self-esteem?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 22 22%
SOMETIMES 44 44%
NO 34 34%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 11 show that 22% of the respondents says that money helps them to gain higher self-esteem. 44%
of them answered sometimes and the remaining 34% answered no with a total of 100%.

Those who perceived their family to be richer(as opposed to about the same)than their peers also had worse self-
esteem and life satisfaction

Table 12. Do you experience having low self-esteem because of your family income?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 14 14%
SOMETIMES 34 34%
NO 52 52%
TOTAL 100 100%

The result in table 12 shows that 14% of the respondents says that they experience having low self-esteem because of
their family income. 34% of them answered sometimes, and the remaining 52% answered no with a total of 100%.

Young adolescents who perceived their family as poorer than their friends (instead of about the same) were less
likely to have greater satisfaction and were more likely to have poor outcomes.

Table 13. Did you experience not to join your new friends with your hang-outs because you don’t have enough money?

CHOICES FREQUENCY COUNT PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

YES 16 16%
SOMETIMES 42 42%
NO 42 42%
TOTAL 100 100%

The results in table 13 show that 16% of the respondents have experienced not to join their friends with their hang-
outs because they do not have enough money. 42% answered sometimes and the remaining 42%answered no with a
total of 100%.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020

CHAPTER V

Summary of Findings

This study aim to know the effects of family income towards the self-esteem of the students of Mount Carmel
School of Maria Aurora (MCSMA), Inc. The target respondents are the Grade 7 students so as the researchers conduct
this study they found out that students in this year level are prone on having problem on self-esteem because they are
from different environment so it is hard for them to cope up and to start their new academic year. The research
method used is the descriptive method of research. Below are the findings results from the data collected:

Based on the data that was collected from the Grade 7 students with a total respondents of 100, the results
show that majority of the respondents are female (57%) and aged of 12 years old (74%) and came from public schools
with a percentage of 83%.

1. Majority of the respondents sometimes have experienced not enough money (62%).

2. The total percentage of the respondents who have friends in their classroom is 90%.

3. Majority of the respondents said that they have colleagues from the school where they graduated (45%).

4. The total percentage of the respondents who are confident for what they have is 77%.

5. The total percentage of the respondents who said that they are confident for who they are 83%.

6. Majority of the respondents said that family income does not affect their behaviour in classroom or inside
the campus (44%).

7. Majority of the respondents said that they are not ashamed when they do not have enough money (42%).

8. The percentage of the respondents who said that sometimes, family income can get higher self-esteem
(44%).

9. Majority of the respondents said that they are not having low self- esteem because of family income (52%).

10. The respondents said that 42% of them sometimes experience not to join their group hang-outs and same
percentage said that they do not experience not to join in their hang-outs.

With this results, the researchers determined the negative and positive effect of family income towards
the self-esteem of the students in MCSMA.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
Conclusion

Based on the results on the study done, it can be concluded as:

The effects of family income towards the self- esteem of the students in Grade 7,

1. Less of the respondents experience negative effect of family income like, not having friends, that are not
confident for who and what they have, and for being ashamed.

2. Majority of the respondents did not let themselves affect by their life status or family income their behaviour
in school, so they are confidently showing themselves, participating in activities, gaining friends, and showing their
personality.

Recommendation

To prevent the students’ for having low self-esteem, and help them gain confidence, the researchers want to
recommend this:

1. Do not mind what other think, and be grateful for what you have.

2. To those who notice or know someone who is not confident with themselves, approach them and make
them feel comfortable with their environment.

3. For the teacher, conduct activities regarding their lesson that can boost students’ self-esteem.
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
APPENDICESS

THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL INCOME TOWARDS SELF-ESTEEM OF THE SUTDENTS IN MCSMA

NAME(optional): AGE:

SECTION: GENDER:__M__F

Direction: Read the following questions carefully. Put a check in the box. Answer it honestly.

A.

Where did you graduated in elementary? ____Private ___Public

B.

QUESTIONS YES SOMETIMES NO

1. Did you experience having not enough money?
2. Do you have friends in your classroom?
3. Do you have colleagues from the school where you graduated?
4. Are you confident with what you have?
5. Are you confident with who you are?
6. Does your family income affect your behaviour inside the
campus/classroom?
7. Did you feel ashamed when you do not have enough money?
8. Does money help you to get higher self-esteem?
9. Do you experience having low self-esteem because of your
family income?
10. Did you experience not to join your new friends with your
hang-outs because you don’t have enough money?
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Information

Name : Princess Joy R. Necesito

Birth Date : May 20, 2001
Address : Brgy. Florida, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Religious : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Father’s Name : Rodolfo C. Necesito Jr,
Mother’s Name : Amalia Necesito

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.

: Brgy. 02, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Secondary : Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
: Brgy. 02, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Elementary : Florida Elementary School
: Brgy.Florida, Maria Aurora, Aurora
 Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.
Senior High School
S.Y. 2019-2020
Personal Information

Name : Maricris U. Delfin

Birth Date : August 22 2001
Address : Brgy. Bangco, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Religious : Roman Catholic
Civil Status : Single
Guardian :Monoca L. Urbano

Educational Attainment

Senior High School : Mount Carmel School of Maria Aurora, Inc.

: Brgy. 02, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Secondary : Ramada national high School(RAMNHS).
: Brgy.Bangco, Maria Aurora, Aurora
Elementary :Marcos R. Necesito Sr. Memorial