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Separations
Distinguish between pure
substances and mixtures
Transmission of Light Transmit light Will scatter light Does not transmit light, it
appearing transparent is opaque
Solubility
• Solubility of a solute is an indication of how much of the
solute can dissolve in a fixed mass of solvent at a
particular temperature
• Each solute and solvent combination has a specific
solubility at a given temperature.
• The solubility of a solute in a solvent is determined by the
structure of the solute and solvent, the temperature and
pressure
• Saturated solution is a solution which contains as much
solute as can be dissolved at a given temperature in the
presence of undissolved solute
Solubility-The Effect of Temperature
on Solubility
• For most solid solutes in water, solubility increases as
temperature increases
• What does this mean?
• This means that as the temperature increases, a greater
mass of solute will saturate a fixed mass of water.
• Solubility in water is usually measured as the mass of
solute which will saturate 100g of water. The unit for
solubility is g per 100g of water.
Solubility
When we plot solubility of a solute against temperature we
draw a graph known as the solubility curve
1. What is the solubility of potassium
Solubility Curves
chlorate (v) at 78oC?
2. At what temperature would crystals
just begin to form if an unsaturated
solution of potassium chlorate (v)
containing 20g of potassium
chlorate (v) dissolved in 100g of
water is cooled from 80oC?
3. What mass of potassium chlorate(v)
would crystallise out of a saturated
solution containing 100g of water
when the temperature of the
solution is decreased from 64oC to
22oC?
4. What mass of potassium chlorate (v)
must be added to resaturate a
solution containing 250g of water if
the temperature of the saturated
solution is increased from 32oC to
82oC?
5. What is the minimum mass of water
required to dissolve 40 g of
potassium chlorate (v)at 74oC?