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Criminal Law I
EXEMPTING CIRCUMSTANCES
1. Insanity
People v. Taneo, L-37673, 31 March 1933, 58 Phil. 255
People v. Bonoan, L-45130, 17 February 1937, 64 Phil.
87
People v. Formigones, L-3246, 29 November 1950.
People v. Puno, L-33211, 29 June 1981 (See also: J.
Makasiar’s dissent)
People v. Dungo, G.R. No. 89420, 31 July 1991, 199
SCRA 860
People v. Rafanan, L-54135, 21 November 1991, 204
SCRA 65
People v. Madarang, G.R. No. 132319, 12 May 2000,
332 SCRA 99
People v. Robios, G.R. No. 138453, 29 May 2002, 382
SCRA 581
People v. Opuran, G.R. Nos. 147674-75, 17 March 2004,
425 SCRA 654
Verdadero v. People, G.R. No. 216021, 2 March 2016
2. Minority
RA 9344 as amended by RA 10630.
People v. Doqueña, G.R. No. 46539, 27 September 1939,
68 Phil. 580
Ortega v. People, G.R. No. 151085, 20 August 2008
People v. Mantalaba, G.R. No. 186227, 20 July 2011.
Samahan ng mga Progresibong Kabataan v. Quezon
City. G.R. No. 225442, 8 August 2017. (See also: J.
Leonen’s Separate Opinion)
3. Accident
US v. Tañedo, L-5418, 12 February 1910, 15 Phil. 196
People v. Castillo, G.R. No. 172695, 29 June 2007, 526
SCRA 215
People v. Retubado, G.R. No. 124058, 10 December 2003
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MITIGATING CIRCUMSTANCES
1. Classes of Mitigating Circumstances
a. Privileged
i. Art. 13 (2) and Art. 68
ii. Art. 13 (1) and Art. 69
People v. Jaurigue, G.R. No. 384, 21
February 1946, 76 Phil. 174
People v. Narvaez, L-33466-67, 20
April 1983, 121 SCRA 389
People v. Ulep, G.R. No. 132547, 20
September 2000
Guillermo v. People, G.R. No.
153287, 20 January 2009.
b. Specific
c. Special
i. Art. 64 (5)
d. Ordinary
i. Lack of intent to commit so grave a
wrong
People v. Ural, L-30801, 27 March
1974, 56 SCRA 138
People v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 139542,
21 June 2001, 359 SCRA 352
ii. Sufficient provocation
People v. Pagal, L-32040, 25 October
1977, 79 SCRA 570
Urbano v. People, G.R. No. 182750,
20 January 2009
iii. Vindication of a wrong
People v. Benito, L-32042, 13
February 1975, 74 SCRA 271
Bacabac v. People, G.R. No. 149372,
11 September 2007
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AGGRAVATING CIRCUMSTANCES
Art. 14 and 62 of the RPC.
People v. Legaspi, G.R. Nos. 136164-65, 20 April 2001
1. Classes of Aggravating Circumstance
a. Generic
b. Qualifying
c. Specific
d. Inherent
e. Special
2. Taking advantage of public office
People v. Capalac, L-38297, 23 October 1982, 117 SCRA
874
People v. Gapasin, G.R. No. 73489, 25 April 1994, 231
SCRA 728
3. Insult to public authority
People v. Tiongson, L-35123-24, 25 July 1984, 130
SCRA 614
People v. Magdueño, L-68699, 22 September 1986, 144
SCRA 210
People v. Tac-an, G.R. Nos. 76338-89, 26 February
1990.
4. Disregard of rank, age, or sex, and dwelling;
People v. Diaz, G.R. No. L-24002, 21 January 1974.
People v. Arizobal, G.R. No. 135051-52, 14 December
2000, 348 SCRA 143
People v. Daniel, G.R. No. L-40330, 20 November 1978
People v. Apduhan, L-19491, 30 August 1968
5. Abuse of confidence or obvious ungratefulness
People v. Mandolado, L-51304-05, 28 June 1983, 123
SCRA 133
6. The crime is committed in the palace of Chief Executive,
in his presence, where public authorities are engaged in
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23. Aid of persons under fifteen years old (See also: Section
20(C) of RA 9344), use of motor vehicles, airships, or
other similar means;
24. Cruelty;
25. Organized or syndicated crime group;
26. Use of illegal firearms or explosives – see RA 10591
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ALTERNATIVE CIRCUMSTANCES
1. Relationship
People v. Atop, G.R. No. 124303-05, 10 February 1998,
286 SCRA 157
2. Intoxication
US v. McMann, L-2229, 1 July 1905, 4 Phil. 561
3. Degree of Instruction
People v. San Pedro, L-44274, 22 January 1980, 95
SCRA 306
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PLURALITY OF CRIMES
A. Compound crime (delito compuesto)
People v. Tabaco, G.R. No. 100382, 19 March 1997
People v. Valdez, G.R. No. 127663, 11 March 1999
3. Art. 294
4. Art. 297
5. Art. 320
E. Complex crimes in relation to Quasi-crimes
Ivler v. San Pedro, G.R. No. 172716, 17 November 2010
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PENALTIES
A. Imposable penalties
1. Principal penalties
a. Capital punishment – Sec. 19, Art III of the
1987 Constitution; RA 7659, RA 8177; RA
9346; Art. 40 and 47 Revised Penal Code; RA
9346
People v. Bon, G.R. No. 166401, 30 October
2006
b. Afflictive penalties
i. Reclusion perpetua – RA 7659, Art. 27 of
Revised Penal Code
People v. Lucas, G.R. No. 108172, 25 May
1994;
People v. Lucas, G.R. No. 108172, 9
January 1995;
People v. Latupan, G.R. No. 112453, 28
June 2001
ii. Reclusion temporal
iii. Perpetual or temporary absolute
disqualification – Article 30
iv. Perpetual or temporary special
disqualification – Art. 31
v. Prision mayor – Art. 27
c. Correctional penalties – Art. 27, 39, and 44
i. Prision correccional
ii. Arresto mayor
iii. Suspension
iv. Destierro
d. Light penalties – Art. 27, 39, and 44
i. Arresto menor
ii. Public censure
e. Common penalties – Art.25
San Beda University
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Criminal Law I