A Practical Report OF Training taken at

Indo Farm Equipment Limited

Baddi-173 205, District Solan, H.P

Chandigarh College of Engineering and Technology

Sec 26, Chandigarh.

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award

Of the Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering.

Submitted to:
Dr. Jatinder Madan (HOD, ME)
Er.V.Senthil (Training In-charge)

Submitted by:
Aayushmaan Narang
LCO17164
Mechanical 5thsem.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I felt short of words to pen down anything for those who kept the ship float for
the past month with their guidance, co-operation and expert advices. The
successful completion of any training depends upon the co-operation, co-
ordination and combined efforts of several resources of knowledge,
inspiration and energy.I am very grateful to Sonalika training department,
for allowing me to be a part of such an esteem organization of him. I am
grateful for patience and interest everybody in the organization has shown
completion of any training depends upon the co-operation, co-
ordinationand combined efforts of for me. And last but not the least I take
this opportunity to thank Er.V.Senthil (Training In-charge)
for providing me the opportunity to do my four week industrial training at such
an esteemed organization. Also the whole faculty at the department has
been resourceful for the industrial training for which I appreciate their
efforts.
PREFACE

Before joining my training, I had no idea what it is going to be andwhat

exactly is its need in the academic curriculum. By the time I finished my
training I understood how important it was for me to be a complete
engineer. A student would have absolutely no idea of the functioning of an
industry. He would probably be unaware about the various departments and their
functioning. He would be completely ignorant of the working and
environment. He generally would not know about the department in
anenterprise. Thus industrial training prepares you to walk out of
your college and join the industry. You need to have basic professional
knowledge along with the theoretical background and spending a month among
hardcore professional can teach you a lot.The following report does not discuss
the details of these experiences and discuss mostly about the training and
how it was completed. It is much more fulfilling experience than any
report will be able to express. I feel pride to get an opportunity to have my
practical training at INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED
HOSHIARPUR. I thank everyone who has contributed to make this
experience truly complete and stimulating.
CONTENTS

1. COMPANY PROFILE
2. INTERNATIONAL TRACTOR LIMITED
3. QUALITY ASSURANCE
4. ASSEMBLY SHOP (TRACTOR)
5. ENGINE ASSEMBLY UNIT
6. DEMO
7. PRE DELIVERY INSPECTION
8. SONALIKA IMPORTANT DATA
9. SURVEY REPORT
10. CONCLUSION
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
COMPANY PROFILE

Sonalika Group is contributing to Green Revolution in initially it India

since 1969. Start with Farm Equipment’s and machinery .Brand name of theGroup
products is"
SONALIKA”
Sonalika is having a market share of 80% in FarmEquipment’s in
India. Total group turnover is 220 Million USD(IRD1000Crores). An
average growth rate of 30% makes it one of the fastest growing corporate
in India . I also happens to be one of the very few debt free companies in
the world. Sonalika group under the stewardship to Shri L.D.Mittal,
(Chairman) has made stride within a short span of 14 year from the
formation of ITL. It has not only made its presence felt in tractor Industry
but has made in roads into the market share of popular brands. Its valued
and satisfied customers are multiplying and have crossed 100,000 mark in
year 2004. The Sega started forty-one years ago when Sonalika began
manufacturing threshers to help Indian farmers ensure greater
productivity through qualitatively superior technology .With the passage
of time this initiative taken by Mittals turned into a great success due to the
undulated efforts of its promoters and employees who worked impervious
throughout. Sonalika Group is one of the top five tractor manufacturers in
India. Apart from various farm equipment’s and implements, its product
line includes Tractors, Multi utility Vehicles(MUV), Three Wheelers ,
Engine, Hydraulic System, casting ,Forging ,Brake System ,Automotive
components manufacturing .Sonalika group since the inception has tried to
understand customers need to be able to facilitate them with its value for
moneyproducts.
It employs about 3600 people including some of the renowned name in the
industry. The company works on the maxims of low production cost and
clean and safe environment. Such efforts have fetched the company the
accreditation like ISO:9001:2000 and ISO 14001. Due to this high quality,a great
bound of trust has grown between the company and farmers. Over the
years, this grew to such extent that the farmers soon put forth demand that
Sonalika should also manufacture a high -technology tractor. This great
success provided further motivation ultimately resulting in setting up a
new plant in the name of International Tractor Limited on October
17,1995 for the production of tractors ,the demand and requirement of
which was steadily growing at that time .The plant was setup at village
Chak-Gujran (Hoshiarpur) is spread over an area of approximately 65
acres and obtain certificate of incorporation on February 26,1996. ITL
is manufacturing various tractor of Sonalika Brand between 30H.P.to
90 H.P. ITL is the 5TH largest tractor selling company in India and the
number one company in Nepal. These tractors are also export to various other
counties also including France, South Africa, Australia, Zimbabwe, Sri
Lanka, Canada, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc..Another feather was added to the
crown of Sonalika whencompany's Chairman, Vice Chairman and
managing Director were honoredin hotel Taj Man Singh because of their
rich contribution to the tractor industry. Sh. L.D. Mittal chairman was
awarded with the Pride of Country award by Chaudhary Prem Singh Speaker
Delhi Vidhan Sabha. 'UdyogBhushan' was given to Sh.Deepak Mittal ,
Managing Director, and Goldmedal for good production of tractors was
given to Sh .A.S. Mittal , Vice Chairman. These awards have been instituted by
"Society of Industry and Business Achievements" and were awarded in the
presence of large groupcomprising of Business and industry magnates of the
country
SonalikaAgriculture Corporation manufactures the following implements.

1. Multi Crop Threshers.

2. Automatic Cutters (HARAMBA).
3. Paddy Thresher.
4. Seed cum-Fertilizer Drill.
5. Maize Sheller.
6. Potato planer.
7. Reaper.
8. Combine Harvester.
Sonalika Three wheeler, another flagship of Sonalika Group, is in marking
of three wheelers under the brand name of Sonalika. Sonalika Three
Wheeler is engaged in designing, developing and manufacturing three wheeler
for rural & urbanities of India. Three Wheeler are on the way to develop
the CNG/LPG as well fuel cell three wheelers Sonalika Three Wheelers
are mainly of two types with different variants,which are:

1. Sonalika D450 Three Wheelers.

2. Sonalika D750 Three Wheelers.

Different variants available in these are:

1. Drive Away Chassis
2. Delivery Van
3. Pick up Van
4. Passenger deluxe
INTERNATIONAL TRACTORS LIMITED
International Tractor Limited, the second flagship of Sonalika Group was
Incorporated on October 17, 1995 for the manufacture of Tractor and has Since
then built a distinct position for itself in the Tractor industry. ITL is
Manufacturing various Tractor of Sonalika brand between 30 H.P. to 75H.P.and
CEREs brand between 60 H.P.to 90 H.P. for export. ITL is also the first
Tractor manufacturers in the country to produce 50 H.P. and 60 H.P.
Tractor fitted with diesel engines. Sonalika group under the stewardship to
Shri L.D.Mittal has made rapid strides within a short span of 14 years. It has
not only made its presence felt in the tractor industry but has made in-roads into
the market share of popular brands. ITL's market share increased to11%
(Approx.) as on 31.03.2006.The company maintained position in top five
in tractor industry in terms of volume and market share. It surpassed
Eicher, H.M.T, John Deere, New Holland and Escorts(Multinationals
having long International standing).Today Sonalika group's international
Tractor Limited has become the fastest growing tractor company in the
world. Because of their maximum pulling power, minimum fuel
consumption and Emission, the Tractors manufactured by ITL have secured a
reputation of performance, quality and reliability in the market. All
this makes International Tractor Limited (ITL), the fifth largest tractor
selling company in India and the Number one Company in Nepal. These
tractors are also export to various others Counties like France, South
Africa, Australia, Zimbabwe, Shri Lanka, Canada, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc. The
Manufacturing process, Quality Control System and Research &Development
facilities at ITL are certified with ISO: 9001:2000 by the joint Accreditation
System of Australia and New Zealand.
Bundi(MP) India, which is authorized for issuing test report
by Government of India. ITL also manufactured In-House Diesel Engine
meeting Bharat III norms for Smoke and Mass Emission. These Engine have
been approved by U.S. Environment Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
Company has also increased its production of Diesel Engine up to 100
Engines a day. In July 2000, ITL went into collaboration with Renault
Agriculture of France, the largest tractor manufacturing Company in
Europe and is one of the 30 largest Companies of the World, for the
production of Ceres & Solis tractors under the brand name 'Sonalika'.
Renault Agriculture is the largest tractor manufacturing Company in
Europe. It produces tractors in the range of 50 H.P. to 250 H.P. having
worldwide distribution and sales network. International Tractors Limited
also has collaborated with US$ 2 billion Myanmar Group, Japan‘s leading
tractor manufacturer, with a 12% stake hold by it. Myanmar is a diversified
group with interests in tractors, agricultural equipment, industrial engine,
industrial equipment and marine engines. International Tractor Limited got
I.T.I.D. (Institute of trade &industrial Development) Quality Excellence
Award in 2002. TheGovernment of India had also awarded “The Best Quality
Award “ to Sonalika Tractors. Every tractor manufactured at
Sonalika’sultra modern Plant at Hoshiarpur, is an example of unmatched
workmanship. At every stage of production, expert keep a constant eye
on every small manufacturing details to ensure faultless quality control, by
applying the most stringent international quality -check standard to
produced tractors that are most unbeatable in their category even in
World Market. Each part of every tractor is tested for the operational
excellence at the Hoshiarpur plant.
QUALITY ASSURANCE

Quality Assurance activity in ITL is a MIS function to audit and reportthe

quality status of both, product as well as quality assurance within theplant.
ITL considers vendors as an extension of its own manufacturingoperations. Hence,
the quality assurance audits are not limited to justreceived components quality
at ITL receipt inspection stage but extends toaudit of conformance
to prescribed quality assurance systems at vendorend also.

OBJECTIVES:-
1. To reduce rejection and achieve better quality standards.
2. To achieve consistency in quality.

Quality, which has no compromise, is essential for every industry tostay

affirm in today’s competitive world. My project is a long term planningof
every industry. Each industry feels to upgrade its position and vendorsare
integrated part of it. Quality improvement at Vendor’s end meansoverall
improvement in company’s gradation. With high quality of components
from vendors, major goal of improvement can be achieved.
ASSEMBLY SHOP (TRACTOR)

The Assembly at SONALIKA DIVISION deals with the assembly

of tractors model DI 730 II, DI 35 II, DI 730 II, DI 745 III, DI 60 (Mileage
Master),DI 60 RX, DI 750 etc.Assembly is the joining of various
constituents to form a finalproduct. The assembly process is carried out on the
main line, which has various sub assemblies along its length. Assembly shop can
be divided into two main areas:-
1. Before paint area
2. After paint area

BEFORE PAINT AREA:-

The areas before painting can further be divided into sub assemblies/loops namely:
1. Differential loop
2. Gearbox loop
3. Rear cover loop
1) DIFFERENTIAL LOOP:-
1. Differential casting mounting on trolley after washing.
2. Bull pinion shaft left and right fitted.
3. Cage assembly fitted.
4. Crown wheel
5. Tail pinion assembly
6. Roller bearing
7. Bevel wheels.
8. PTO shaft fitted.
9. Rear axle trumpet is fitted.
10. PTO shifter assembly fitted.
11. Gearbox assembly is fitted.
12. Rear cover assembly fitted.
13. Brakes are fitted.
14. Parking brake.
15. Suction pipe.
16. PTO covers.
17. Trailer hook is fitted
.18. Angle bracket is fitted.
19. Rocket link is fitted.
20. Footboard is fitted.
21. Clutch pedal is fitted.
DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM:-
FUNCTION:

If the axle is a single unit and the wheels are free on the axle that is just
moving on the bearings, as is the case of tractor front axle, the wheel swill
turn at different speeds to compensate for the difference in travel.
However when the wheel are driven positively by engine, a device is
necessary which can make the wheels moves at different speeds on turns, whereas
the speed of both the wheels should remain equal when the tractor is following a
straight path. To accomplish this purpose a system of gears called
“differential system” is provided. Thus the differential hastwofunctions:
1. On a straight travel it allows both the rear wheels of tractor to getequal
power.
2. On turns, it allows the inner wheel to move slower than the
Outer wheels.As far as transmitting of power at right angle to propeller
shaft is concerned drive pinion is coupled to transmission shaft with the help
of flange. This pinion drives the crown wheel as such the power is now
available at right angle to drive shaft and tractor can move forward and
back ward as per requirement.
WORKING:-
The engine drives the crown wheel mounted on the cage assemblythrough tail
pinion. Four bevel pinions are mounted on the splined bullpinion shafts lt. and
rt. which are supported on the taper roller bearings inthe differential
housing. These taper roller bearings give rigid support tocage assembly.
The differential system is very useful in the automobiles.This help in turning
the vehicle. As already discussed the above cases thathow the vehicle
differential works while the vehicle is taking turn. Duringthe turning the
inner speed of the wheel reduces and the outer wheelmoves faster than the inner
wheels. The differential on the vehicledistributes the power between the
two wheels by giving the less power tothe inner wheel than the outer one &
the vehicle moves easily. Steering while the wheels run at low speed. This is
achieved by a system called“Gearbox”.
With the help of gearbox, we can achieve this and pulling power of the tractor
can be increased or decreased by varying the speed of tractor.For this we
use “ConstantMesh Gear” type.

FUNCTION:-
1. To convert the power of the engine running at high speed into
Low speed at high torque
2. To exchange the forward motion into the reverse motion of
Thevehicle.
3. To disconnect the engine from the rear wheels by putting the
gearbox into neutral position.
TYPES OF GEARBOX:-
1. Selective gearbox
2. Sliding mesh type
3. Constant mesh type
4. Synchronous type
5. Planetary gearbox
6. Automatic gearbox
3) REAR COVER LOOPS:-
1. Rear cover mounted on trolley.
2. Control valve and response valve assembly.
3. Ram assembly (This consists of cylinder, piston and piston rods).
4. Testing of hydraulic lift.

REAR COVER ASSEMBLY:-

Rear cover is mounted on the differential assembly. It is used tocover the
differential assembly. It performs various other operations also.
HYDROULIC CONTROL SYSTEM
Hydraulic control system is mechanism in a tractor to rise, hold orlower the
mounted or semi-mounted equipment’s by hydraulic means. Alltractors are
equipped with hydraulic control system for operating threehitch of the
tractor.

HYDRAULIC FLUID PROPERTIES:-

1. It has no shape but definite volume.
2.It is uncompressible and if force is applied then it exerts the samepressure in
all directions.
3.It always flows from high pressure gradient to low pressuregradient. i.e.
through the less resistance path.

BASIC COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM:-

1.Hydraulic pump :-There are several types of hydraulic pump, such as gear
screwpump. Gear pump is widely used in tractors. Gear pump can be flowa
bigger amount of air, compared to plunger pump. The air pressurein the
pump varies from 150 to 200 kg/cm2.
2.Hydraulic cylinder:-It is a bigger size cylinder, fitted with a piston and a
connectingrod. It is alsocalled “ramcylinder”. The connecting rod
transmitspower from the piston to hydraulic cylinder and causesreciprocating
motion in the cylinder. The lifting arms are raised bythe hydraulic pressure
while raising the implement but it islowered but it is lowered by its own
weight.
3. To change the speed of lifting.The control valve is operated by hand lower
and it is of two types

A) Manual Type
B) Automatic TypeManual type value is mostly for small tractors. There are
only threepositions in this case:
(i) Up
(ii) Down
(iii) NeutralIn automatic type, there are more than three positions. Any of
the positions inside a quadrant can be chosen for operations
5.Oil filter:- It is a small filter located at a convenient position in the
oil.Lower sector Assembly:-
1.Draft control lower (red Colour)
2.Position control lower (Black Colour)
3.[Draft Crank rod solid in shape.
4.Position crank rod hollow in shape.

Setting of oil hydraulic:-

A.Position lower setting
1.Both lower down (i.e. DC and PC)
2.Both arms down.
3.Now spool valve spring gap showed low 54.
5 Draft lower setting:-
1.Position lower down.
2.Draft lower up.
3.Both arms up.
4.Now spool valve spring gap should be 54.5 mm.
ENGINE ASSEMBLY
This section deals with the assembly of different components that lead to
complete engine assembly. The assembly area is kept clean all the time so that no
dust and dirt enter the engine while being assembled. Following are the steps in
which the engines are assembled:-

•First of all Main Oil Galleries are plugged.

•Complete assembly of Crankshaft along with timing gear and the balance
weight arrive from their vendor. This complete assembly is put into the
block once the main journal bearings are placed in it.
•Rear end plate is bolted and oil seal is pressed onto it.
•Oil pump is fitted.
•Cam hole far end is plugged with a circular plate.
•Camshaft gear is inserted into the shaft after heating and thiscomplete
assembly is inserted in its place.
•Idle gear in timing gear is fitted.
•Tappets are inserted.
•Rubber seals for push rod enclosing tubes are inserted then.
•Studs for holding the head are tightened.
•Filter body is then bolted to the engine block.
•A marking plate is bolted which helps to locate the TDC of the 1st
cylinder with the help of the crank pulley.
•The crank pulley is the fixed with the help of a woodruff key onto the crankshaft.
•Piston Rings and Connecting rod assemblies are readied on to theassembly
line separately.Now the above whole assembly is put into onto the block and the
connecting rod big end caps are bolted and tightened with proper torque.
•Oil sump is then bolted.
•Cylinder head with push rod tubes, studs for rocker and bumpingshims are placed
and is tightened with proper torque.
•Oil supply pipe is fixed with a banjo bolt.
•Inlet and exhaust manifold and the water supply pipes are fitted.
•Push rods are inserted.
•Rockers are then fitted.
•Fuel filter body is then attached.
•A unique number is engraved onto the block.
•Water pump is fitted and a thermostat valve is inserted.
•Fuel Injection Pump is then fitted to the engine as per the specificmodel.
•The Valve-Tappet clearance is then set using the feeler gauge.
•TDC marking is done onto the pulley by putting a depth gaugethrough the
injector hole.
•B-TDC marking is then done using a special purpose tool.
•Fuel injection timing is then set by putting on the fuel supply.
•Alternator mounting clamps are fixed.
•Injector nozzles and the High pressure fuel lines are then fitted to theF.I.
Pump.
•Bell housing is then bolted.
•Ring gear is fitted to Flywheel at 350 deg. C. and the assembly is thenbolted to
the crankshaft rear end.
DEMO
SELECTION OF A TRACTOR FOR DEMO:-
1.Before giving a demo check the air pressure in both front and
reartyres.Pressure front tyre 22-24 PSIPressure rear tyre 14-16 PSI

2.Water can be used in rear tyre at the time of DemoWater 75%Air 25%

3.Grease all the grease point of tractor.

4.Check the free play in clutch and brake pedal.

5.Check the oil in air cleaner as well as in the steering oil.

6.Check fan belt play.

DEMO:-
Before giving demo to the customer you must know all theinformation of
tractor and the implement to be used.

USAGE OF IMPLEMENT:-
1.Turn the disc in harrow in right direction.
2.Rotavator should lift at proper height.
3.Cultivator should be adjusting by top link only.
4.You must know the proper way of hitch the cultivator.Before use of all
implement we must know selection of gear intractor Efficiency of fuel,
Area of coverage, slippage of tractor.
PRE DELIVERY INSPECTION
Before the delivery of a tractor or sending a tractor to a dealer it
isnecessary to check all the parts of tractor. During this process all
theassembly and important parts of tractor are checked, so that tractor is
safeor ready to give customer.

IMPORTANCE:-
Company gives 100% warranty for the entire drawback found in
thetractor, regarding its parts, during pre delivery inspection.
1.P.D.I. report confirms that the tractor has the dealer in safe manner ornot.
2.P.D.I. increases the faith of dealer and customer.
3.P.D.I. report should reach the company within one week of dispatch.
UNIQUE SELECTION PROPOSITION OF SONALIKA
TRACTORS COMPLEMENT AND BALANCE TRACTOR

Sonalika Tractor is complete and Balance tractor because:-

1.PROPORTIONATE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION:-
The weight distribution of the tractor is uniform across thelength due
which it has excellent grip on the ground.
This prevents slippage even on steep increasing the load.
Has the capacity to pull heavy load even on steep slopewhile
maintaining its balance.

2.LARGE WHEEL BASE:-

Front lifting is seldom witnessed due to maximum wheelbase.
It also helps in pulling heavy load even on steep slopeswhile maintaining
its balance.

3.MAXIMUM GROUND CLEARANCE:-

Tractor cross-uneven ground surface without gettingstuck because of high
ground clearance.
The standing crops of the farmers are not damagedbecause of the high ground
clearance.
Also easily oversteps the bunds while moving from onefrom two
another.
4.LOOKS:-
Sonalika tractors are aesthetically appealing.
Variety is available in color from which the farmers canchoose.

5.ERGONOMICS:-
Road visibility better because of high attitude of driver’s
seat.
Driver’s seat is comfortable.
POWERFUL
We can Sonalika tractor is powerful because:-

1.HIGH BACK UP TORQUE:-

Back up torque is reserve power
The backup torque is best among all the available tractors inthe market.
Work equipment to any tractor with higher HP range i.e. 35 HPrange
tractor of Sonalika works, equal to 50 HP range tractorof other companies.
Helps in deep cultivation, which gives good yield, as well lesserweeds.
Due to excellent pulling power; tractor are also able toturn at edges
without lifting up the cultivator.

2.SMOKELESS ENGINE:-
Sonalika has used TREM III Engine ‘which burn every single
drop of Diesel and built up full power because of this they given
negligible smoke.
Sudden increase in load it does not generate heavy smokewhereas other
tractors stall in similar condition.
Even on drop of 700-1000 rpm Sonalika works tractors workequally
well.
SURVEY REPORT
ABOVE DATA IS COLLECTED FROM DISTT. MANDI (H.P.)
CONCLUSION

My training was the great experience. I had the pleasure to do thework

with one of the most reputed manufacturer in their field INDO FARM
EQUIPMENT LIMITED. I received experience in private sector. It was
a good learning time during my training, as I was fortunate to be placed in
the department related to manufacturing. I feel training has given me
exposure to undergo projects in manufacturing field as well as help me a
lot to understand the company work culture, working with terms and much
more. In the end I will like to thank all people who helped me throughout
my training to enhance my experience. I also pay my regards to my
lecturers for their guidance during my training.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Indo Farms Official Website.

2. Google search.
3. Wikipedia.