CONVERSION OF PLASTIC WASTES INTO

LIQUID FUELS
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Why we need to convert plastic into fuel
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Types of plastic ,its uses and effects
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Technologies used for recycling of plastics
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Pyrolysis
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Principal of pyrolysis
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Process of pyrolysis
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Parts of pyrolysis machine
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conclusion
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Plastics are produced from petroleum derivatives and are
composed primarily of hydrocarbons
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Non biodegradability
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Problem of disposal of waste plastic is solved.
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Waste plastic is converted into high value fuels.
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Environmental pollution is controlled.
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Industrial and automobile fuel requirement shall be
fulfilled to some extent at lower price
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Type of plastics - contents
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PE (HDPE, LDPE), PP, PS - hydro carbons
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PET, PVA, PF - hydro carbons with oxygen
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PVC, PVCD - hydrocarbons with chlorine
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Nylon (polyamide), PU -hydrocarbons with
nitrogen
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Polyphenylene sulfide - hydrocarbons with sulfur
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Plastics Recycling Technologies
Recycling of plastics should be carried in a manner to
minimize pollution during the process and enhance
efficiency and conserve the energy. There is different
type of technology include following aspect:
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1. Mechanical Recycling- Recycling of plastics waste into
reusable product.
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2. Chemical Recycling – Gasification, blast furnace
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3. Incineration- Burning of waste plastics to obtain energy.
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4. Pyrolysis – Conversion of waste plastics into liquid
fuels.
 PRINCIPAL OF PYROLYSIS
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All plastics are polymers mostly containing carbon and hydrogen and few other
elements like chlorine, nitrogen, etc.
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When this long chain of polymers breaks at certain points, or when lower
molecular weight fractions are formed, this is termed as degradation of
polymers. This is reverse of polymerization or de-polymerization.
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If such breaking of long polymeric chain or scission of bonds occurs randomly, it is
called Random depolymerization. Here the polymer degrades to lower
molecular fragments.
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In the process of conversion of waste plastics into fuels,random depolymerization
is carried out in a specially designed reactor in the absence of oxygen and in the
presence of coal and certain catalytic additives.
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There is total conversion of waste plastics into value-added fuel products.
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this type of pyrolysis requires higher temperature and high reaction time.
Also resulting fluid have low octane value, higher pour point of diesel
and high residue content.
CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS
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Pyrolysis of waste plastics in presence of catalyst lower the pyrolysis temp
and reaction time, increase conversion rate of waste plastics into fuel,
increase the yield of fuel and satisfying diesel, petrol quality of fuel by
increase octane value of petrol and decrease pour point of diesel.
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CATALYST USED;ZSM-5,Zeolite Socony Mobil–5,is an
aluminosilicatezeolite belonging to the pentasil family of zeolites.
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Its chemical formula is NanAlnSi96–nO192·16H2O (0<n<27).
 PROCESS OF PYROLYSIS
i) Random de-polymerization
Under controlled reaction conditions, plastics materials

undergo random depolymerization and are converted into three

products:
a) Solid Fuel i.e., Coke
b) Liquid Fuel i.e., Combination of Gasoline, Kerosene,
Diesel and Lube Oil
c) Gaseous Fuel i.e., LPG range gas
ii) Fractional Distillation
Separation of various liquid fuels by virtue of the difference in their boiling points.

One important factor of the quality of the liquid fuel is that the sulphur content is less than
0.002ppm which is much lower than the level found in regular fuel.
 CONDENSER
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It is the part of machine which condenses the vapours coming out from the
catalytic cracker.
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The condenser must condense the very hot vapors in an efficient manner to
givethe condensate
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Clogging in the condenser must be prevented.
NITROGEN CYLINDER
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Used to provide inert atmosphere in the reactor by pumping nitrogen from
nitrogen cylinder.
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Purpose: plastic feed should not burn instead it should melt at high temperature
inside the reactor
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 Effect of raw material as plastics in production
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If PE, PS, PP with other plastics gives flue gas pollution and contaminated to reactor by
making other unexpected compound
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TYPE OF PLASTICS - PRODUCT
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PET - terephthalic acid and benzoic acid
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PVA - water and alcohol
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PVC, PVDC - HCL gas and carbonous compound
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PU, PF, NYLON - carbonous product
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PE, PS, PP - liquid fuels
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Types of plastics and catalyst used will affect the compositon and contamination of the
fuel condensed
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It also affects the rate of formation
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 RESULTS
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Process of conversion of waste plastics into liquid
fuels is feasible. Also the rate of fuel does not
vary widely along the period
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fuel from waste plastics does not require to add
these additives for work on burner and engines.
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Tarry waste or residue in reactor can use as solid
fuel.
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waste plastics liquid fuel is good alternative method for
obtaining new energy resource
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eliminate greater problem of plastics waste management
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Mechanical recycling is not effective to reduce to problem
of plastics waste. Incineration, gasification ,
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blast furnace is other method does not effectively eliminate
to this problem due to air pollution, economical
unfeasibility compare to waste plastics fuel method.