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Concrete
Mixing Water for
Concrete
Typical Water Analyses, ppm
Chemicals City water Seawater
Silica (SiO2) 0 to 25 —
Iron (Fe) 0 to 0.2 —
Calcium (Ca) 1 to 100 50 to 480
Magnesium (Mg) 0 to 30 260 to 1410
Sodium (Na) 1 to 225 2190 to 12,200
Potassium (K) 0 to 20 70 to 550
Bicarbonate (HCO3) 4 to 550 —
Sulfate (SO4) 2 to 125 580 to 2810
Chloride (Cl) 1 to 300 3960 to 20,000
Nitrate (NO3) 0 to 2 —
Mixing Water for Total dissolved solids 20 to 1000 35,000
Concrete
Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer
Compressive strength,
ASTM C 109 or
minimum percentage of 90
AASHTO T 106
control at 7 days
Time of set, deviation from 1:00 earlier ASTM C 191 or
from control, hr:min. to 1:30 later AASHTO T 131
Water