Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

LAB Manual

Fundamentals of Computer

Government College University Faisalabad

Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

Table of Contents
Exp. No. Name Of Experiment Page No.

Lab 1 Basic Computer Organization 1

Lab 2 Office tool & Overview of Different Browsers 3

i. Microsoft Word 3

ii. Microsoft Power Point 7

iii. Microsoft Excel 12

Lab 3 Computer Peripheral Devices

Lab 4 Operating System

Lab 5 Familiarization of MS-DOS Commands

Lab 6 Microsoft Window

Lab 7 Use of Flow Charts

Lab 8 Programming Language

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Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

Experiment No. 1
Basic Computer Organization
A computer made up of two main parts – Computer Software and Hardware.

 Computer Software
Computer software (often called just software) is untouchable components of
computer. It compiles all logic instructions that the system uses to do different tasks,
including the applications(game or a word processor) and the operating system(Mac
OS, Microsoft Windows, Linux, etc.).

Types of Software

There are two types a software on the basis of their functionality - System software
and Application software.

System Software

It is used to start and run computer systems and networks. It controls the operations
and/or extends the processing capability of a computer system. Some commonly
known types of system software are: (Operating systems, programming language
translator, communications software, utility programs).

Application Software
It is the set of one or more programs, which solve specific problems, or specific tasks.
Some commonly known application software is: (Word processing software,
Database software, Personal assistance software, etc.).

 Computer Hardware

Computer hardware (usually simply called hardware) every physical part (touchable)
of computer such as the I/O Card, Memory, Motherboard, Power Supply, Screen. Etc.

Basic hardware components of a modern personal computer

There are many basic components of modern personal computer hardware; some of
these are described below.
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Motherboard

The motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a hard, plastic film that
contains every electronic circuit and connection where all the devices (like the CPU,
the RAM, the disk drives, power supply etc.) are switched.

I/O Devices
Input devices allow the user to enter information into the system, or control its
operation. For example: keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, etc. On other hand,
Output devices display information in a human readable form. Such devices could
include printers, speakers, monitors, etc.

I/O Peripheral Devices

I/O Peripheral used by processor to give information to user and vice versa. For
example: router, touchable screen, etc.

Computer’s Memory
There are two types of memory, volatile (RAM) or non-volatile (ROM).

Random Access Memory (RAM)

A computer’s main memory uses volatile RAM chips. RAM chips are of two types -
dynamic and static. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) uses an external circuitry to
periodically “regenerate” or refresh storage charge to retain storage data. On other
hand, Static RAM (SRAM) does not need any special regenerator circuit to retain the
stored data.

Read Only Memory (ROM)

It is a non-volatile memory chips in which data is stored permanently. There are two
types of ROM – Manufacturer programmed and User programmed.
Manufacturer-programmed ROM is one which data is burnt in by the manufacturer
of the electronic equipment in which it used. On other hand, User programmed ROM
is one which a user can loud and store “read-only” program and data.

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Experiment No. 2
Microsoft Office
 Microsoft Word
Microsoft word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. The purpose of
Microsoft word is to allow the users to type and save documents.

New Document: First of all, we

click the File tab, and then click
New, and then Double-click Blank
document.

Save: First of all, click the File tab, then right click Save As or Save, then in the File
name box enter a name for the file and Click Save.

Template: Click the File tab, and then click New, then Under Available Templates,
do one of the following:

i. Click Sample Templates to select a template that is available on your

computer.

ii. Click one of the links under Office.com.

NOTE To download a template that is listed under Office.com, you must be

connected to the Internet.

In the last, Double-click the template that you want.

Font: On the Home tab, click the Font Dialog Box Launcher, and then click the Font
tab.

Then select the options that you want to

apply to the default font, such as font
style and font size.

If you selected text in step 1, the properties of the selected text are set in the dialog
box. Click Set as Default, and then click OK.

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Heading: Type the text of your heading, and then select it. On the Home tab, in the
Styles group, click the heading style that you want. If you don't see the style that you
want, click the more button to expand the Quick Styles gallery.

NOTE For quick access press CTRL+SHIFT+S.

Line spacing: On the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Line Spacing.

Then click the number of line spaces that you want.

For example, click 1.0 to single-space with the spacing that is used in earlier versions
of Word. Click 2.0, to double-space the selected paragraph.

WordArt: On the Insert tab, in the Text

group, click WordArt, and then click the
WordArt style that you want and then enter
your text.

For Example:

Text Effect: First of all, select the text that you want to add an effect to. Then on the
Home tab, in the Font group, click Text
Effect.

Click the effect that you want.

For Example:

NOTE On the Compatibility Mode this function of Microsoft word is disabled.

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Strikethrough: Select the text that you want to

format. On the Home tab, in the Font group,
click Strikethrough.

For Example: CH. Zulqarnain Akram is very obedient boy.

Superscript or Subscript: Select the text that you want to format as superscript or
subscript, and then do one of the following:

On the Home tab, in the Font group, click

Superscript. Or press CTRL+SHIFT+=.

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For Example: m

On the Home tab, in the Font group, click

Subscript. Or press CTRL+=.

For Example: log10

Click where you want to create the table.

Tables: On the Insert tab, in the Tables group,

click Table, and then click Draw Table and
then to define the outer table boundaries, draw
a rectangle. Then draw the column lines and row lines inside the
rectangle.

To erase a line or block of lines, under Table Tools, on the Design

tab, in the Draw Borders group, click Eraser.

When you finish drawing the table, click in a cell and start typing or insert a graphic.

For Example:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

11 22 33 44 55 66 77

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Chart: we can insert many kinds of data charts and

graphs in three steps.

i. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Chart.

ii. In the Insert Chart dialog box, click
the arrows to scroll through the chart
types.
Select the type of chart that you want
and then click OK.
iii. Edit the data in Excel 2010.
When you are finished editing your
data, you can close Excel.

For Example:

10 Category 1
5 Category 2
0 Category 3
Series Series Series
Totel
1 2 3

Section Break: On the Page Layout tab, in

the Page Setup group, click Breaks.

Click the type of section break that you

want to use.

Page break: Click where you want to start a

new page. On the Insert tab, in the Pages group, click Page
Break.

Equations: On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click the

arrow next to Equation, and then click the equation that you want.

For Example: 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2

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Symbols: On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click the

arrow next to Symbols, and then click the symbol that you want.

Header or Footer: On the Insert tab, in the Header & Footer

group, click Header or Footer.

Click the header or footer that you want to add to your document.

To return to the body of your document, click Close Header and

Footer on the Design tab (under Header & Footer Tools).

Page Number: On the Insert tab, in the Header & Footer

group, click Page Number. Click the page number location that
you want.

Then in the gallery, scroll through the options, and then click the
page number format that you want.

To return to the body of your document, click Close Header and Footer on the
Design tab (under Header & Footer Tools).

 Microsoft PowerPoint
Microsoft PowerPoint is a slide show presentation program currently developed by
Microsoft. PowerPoint initially named "Presenter” was created by Forethought Inc.
Microsoft’s version of PowerPoint was officially launched on May 22, 1990, as a part
of the Microsoft Office suite.

Add Text to Slide or placeholder: Below, the

dotted border represents the placeholder that
contains the title text for the slide.

Click inside the placeholder and then type or paste

text.

Line Spacing: To change the line spacing, do the following:

Drag to select one or more lines of text for which you want to change the spacing.

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On the Home tab, in the Paragraph

group, click the Dialog Box Launcher.

In the Paragraph dialog box, on the

Indents and Spacing tab, make any changes that you want to alignment, indentation,
or spacing, and then click OK.

Add Colour Text: Select the text that you want to change.

On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the arrow next to Font Colour , and
then select the colour that you want.

Theme Colour: On the Design tab, in

the Themes group, click
Colours.

Under Built-In, click the theme

colours that you want to use.

Add Bullets or Numbering: On the View tab, in the Presentation Views group.
Click Normal.

On the left-hand side of the PowerPoint window, in the pane that contains the Outline
and Slides tabs, click the Slides tab, and then click a slide thumbnail that you want to
add bulleted or numbered
text to.

On the slide, select the

lines of text in a text
placeholder or table that
you want to add bullets or
numbering to.

On the Home tab, in the

Paragraph group, click

Bullets or Numbering .

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Indent Spacing: To create an indented

(subordinate) list within a list, place the cursor
at the start of the line that you want to indent,
and then on the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Increase List Level.

Decrease List Level (indent)

Increase List Level (indent)

Tables: Select the slide that you want to add a table to.

On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click Table. In the Insert Table dialog box,
do one of the following:

Click Insert Table, and then enter

a number in the Number of
columns and Number of rows
lists.

To add text to the table cells, click

a cell, and then enter your text.

After you enter your text, click

outside the table.

SmartArt: In your presentation, on the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click
SmartArt.

In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic gallery, click Hierarchy,

click an organization chart layout, and then click OK.

To enter your text, click in a box in the SmartArt graphic,

and then type your text.

Shapes: On the
Home tab, in the
Drawing group,
click Shapes.

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Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

Click the shape that you want, click anywhere on the slide, and then drag to place the
shape.

Add Animation to an Object: Select the object that you want to animate.

On the Animations tab, in the

Animation group, click the more

buttons, and then select the

animation effect that you want.

Add Transition: In the pane that contains the Outline and Slides tabs, click the Slides
tab.

Select the slide thumbnail of the slide that you want to apply a transition to.

On the Transitions tab, in the

Transition to This Slide
group, click the slide
transition effect that you want
for that slide.

Charts: On the Insert tab, in the

Illustrations group, click Chart.

In the Insert Chart dialog box,

click the arrows to scroll through the chart types.

Select the type of chart that you want and then click OK.

When you are finished editing your data, you can close Excel.

Add or Change Picture Effect: Click

the picture that you want to add an
effect to. Under Picture Tools, on the
Format tab, in the Picture Styles
group, click Picture Effects.

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Insert clip art: Click the slide that you want to add
the clip art to.

On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click Clip

Art.

In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for text box, type a word or phrase that
describes the clip art that you want, or type all or some of the file name of the clip art.

To narrow your search, in the Results should be list, select the check boxes next to
Illustrations, Photographs, Videos, and Audio to search those media types. Then
Click Go.

In the list of results, click the clip art to insert it.

Picture: Click where you want to insert the

picture.

On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click

Picture.

Locate the picture that you want to insert, and then double-click it. For example, you
might have a picture file located in My Documents.

To add multiple pictures, press and hold CTRL while you click the pictures that you
want to insert, and then click Insert.

Add a Screenshot: Click the slide that you want to add the screenshot to.

On the Insert tab, in the Images group, click

Screenshot.

To add the whole window, click the thumbnail in

the Available Windows gallery.

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Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

WordArt: On the Insert tab, in the Text

group, click WordArt, and then click the
WordArt style that you want. Enter your text.

 Microsoft Excel
Microsoft Excel is a spread sheets program included in the Microsoft Office suite of
applications. Spread sheets present tables of values arranged in rows and columns that
can be manipulated mathematically using both basic and complex arithmetic
operations and functions.

Insert a Blank Cell on a worksheet: Select the cell or the range of cells where you
want to insert the new blank cells. Select the same number of cells as you want to
insert. For example, to insert five blank cells, select five cells.

On the Home tab, in the Cells group, click the arrow next to Insert,
and then click Insert Cells.

Wrap Text: In the Insert dialog box, click the

direction in which you want to shift the surrounding
cells. In a worksheet, select the cells that you want to
format.

On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Wrap Text .

Line Break: To start a new line of text at a specific point in a cell, double-click the
cell, click the location where you want to break the line in the cell, and then press
ALT+ENTER.
Number Format: To apply number formatting, click the
cell that contains the numbers that you want to format,
and then on the Home tab, in the Number group, click
the arrow next to General, and then click the format that
as you want.

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Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

Font: To change the font, select the cells that

contain the data that you want to format, and
then on the Home tab, in the Font group, click
the format that you want.

Select All Cell on Worksheet: Click the Select All button.

OR

Press CTRL+A.

Merge or Centre: Select two or more

adjacent cells that you want to merge.
On the Home tab, in the Alignment
group, click Merge and Centre.

The cells will be merged in a row or column, and the cell contents will be cantered in
the merged cell. To merge cells without cantering, click the arrow next to Merge and
Centre, and then click Merge Across or Merge Cells.

To change the text alignment in the merged cell, select the cell, and then click any of
the alignment buttons in the Alignment group on the Home tab.

Split a Merged Cell: Select the merged cell.

When you select a merged cell, the

Merge and canter button also

appears selected in the Alignment group
on the Home tab.

To split the merged cell, click Merge and canter .

The contents of the merged cell will appear in the upper-left cell of the range of split
cells.

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Apply Cell Border: On a worksheet, select the cell or range of cells that you want to
add a border to, change the border style on, or
remove a border from.

On the Home tab, in the Font group, to apply a

new or different border style, click the arrow next

to Borders , and then click a border style.

Text Colour: Select the cell, range of cells, text, or characters that you want to format
with a different text colour.

On the Home tab, in the Font group, to change

the text colour, click the arrow next to Font

Colour , and then under Theme Colours or

Standard Colours, click the colour that you
want to use.

Background Colour of Text:

Select the cell, range of cells, text, or characters that you want to format with a
different background colour.

On the Home tab, in the Font group, to change

the background colour, click the arrow next to

Fill Colour , and then under Theme Colours

or Standard Colours, click the background colour that you want to use.

Tables: On a worksheet, select the range of cells that you want to include in the table.
The cells can be empty or can contain data.

On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click Table.

Keyboard shortcut, you can also press CTRL+L or
CTRL+T.

If the selected range contains data that you want to display as

table headers, select the table has headers check box.

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Lab Manual of Computer Fundamentals

Table headers display default names if you do not select the table has headers check
box. You can change the default names by selecting the default header that you want
to replace, and then typing the text that you want.

Shape: On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Shapes.

Click the shape that you want, click anywhere in the workbook, and then drag to place
the shape.

To create a perfect square or circle (or constrain the dimensions of other shapes),
press and hold SHIFT while you drag.

WordArt: On the Insert tab,

in the Text group, click
WordArt, and then click the
WordArt style that you want.

Clip Art: Open the spread sheet that you want to add clip art to.

On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click Clip Art.

In the Clip Art task pane, in the Search for text box, type a word or phrase that
describes the clip art that you want, or type all or some of the file name of the clip art.

To narrow your search, in the Results

should be list, select the check boxes next
to Illustrations, Photographs, Videos,
and Audio to search those media types.
Then Click Go.

In the list of results, click the clip art to insert it.

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