Slovak Chamber of Civil Engineers

DESIGN OF SLENDER COLUMNS

Prof. Dipl. - Ing. Dr. Vladimír BENKO, PhD.

Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

ECEC – European Council of Engineer‘s Chambers

CPD-Lectures at 16th of September, 2015
Belgrade/SRB – Bratislava /SVK

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 1

 Failure of the Concrete Slender Columns
by Stability loss

Experimental and numerical analysis

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 2

Why slender concrete columns?

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 3

 Influence of slenderness on deformation and resistance of columns
a) short column e0 N
Ed
b)
e0 e 2
NEd NEd

M0Ed= MRd c) slender column

NRd(a)
e0 e 2
M2 NEd
NRd(b)

e0 cross-section
Ncr failure
NRd(c)
e2
e2
stability critical cross section
e2 loss

MEd

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 4

 EN 1992-1-1 betónových konštrukcií

5 Structural analysis
5.1 General
5.2 Geometric imperfections
5.3 Idealization of structure
5.4 Linear elastic analysis
5.5 Linear analysis with limited redistribution
5.6 Plastic analysis
5.7 Non-linear analysis
5.8 Analysis of second order effects with axial load
5.9 Lateral instability of slender beams
5.10 Prestressed members and structures

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 5

 EN 1992-1-1 betónových konštrukcií

5.7 Non-linear analysis

5.8 Analysis of second order effects with axial load
5.8.1 Definitions
5.8.2 General
5.8.3 Simplified criteria for second order effects
5.8.3.1 Slenderness Criterion for isolated members
5.8.3.2 Slenderness and effective length of isolated members
5.8.3.3 Global second order effects in buildings
5.8.4 Creep
5.8.5 Methods of analysis
5.8.6 General method
5.8.7 Method based on nominal stiffness
5.8.8 Method based on nominal curvature
...

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 6

5.7 Non-linear analysis

(4)P The use of material characteristics which

represent the stiffness in a realistic way but take
account of the uncertainties of failure shall be
used when using non-linear analysis...

(5) For slender structures, in which second order

effects cannot be ignored, the design method
given in 5.8.6 may be used.

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 7

5.8 Analysis of second order effects with axial load

5.8.6 General method

(3) Stress-strain relationships for concrete and steel

given in 3.1.5, Expression (3.14) and 3.2.3 (Figure
3.8) may be used. With stress-strain diagrams
based on design values ...

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 8

 Method of partial coefficients according to Eurocodes

• EN 1990

Rk
Ed  Rd g F  Ek 
gM

gF partial factor for actions, also accounting for model

uncertainties and dimensional variationsneistoty

gM partial factor for a material property, also accounting for

model uncertainties and dimensional variations

Ed design value of the effect of actions

Rd design value of the resistance

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 9

Section λ=0
2500

Rk mean
z gF Ek  2000

gM characteristic

y
1500

NN[kN]
[kN]
design

1000
gM

Ncr
500
charecteristic

NRd(c)
design

mean

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

M [kNm]
M [kNm]
41,8 62,7 68,9 MATERIAL PROPERTY

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 10

Applied research - Faculty of Civil Engineering

, STRABAG

• 7 columns series S1 (normal concrete C45/55)

• 6 columns series S2 (HPC C70/85)
• 6 columns series S3 (HPC C100/115)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 11

Planned strain for stability loss

• section 240 x 150 mm e1=40

N

• 4 φ 14
• L=3840 mm
• λ=89
• e1= ? mm e2=?

l´= 3840
240
e1=40

zz
150

os vnesenia sily
yy N

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 12

 e0 - scheduled eccentricity
250x150 C45/55
N [kN]

1000

800

e25 mm
600

e30 mm

400 e40 mm

Stredný ID
200
Návrhový ID

0
0 10 20 30 40 M [kNm]

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 13

 z

C45/55 - 11/2013

C70/85 - 11/2013

C100/115 - 12/2014

C200 - ??/201?

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 14

Planned strain for stability loss 240

e1=40
• section 240 x 150 mm zz

150
• 4 φ 14
os vnesenia sily
• L=3840 mm yy
• λ=89
N (kN) M-N diagram C45/55
• e1=40 mm -800

e1=40
N ATENA

-600 STAB2NL

NÁVRHOVÝ ID

-400
e2=?
l´= 3840

NbR = 351
NbR = 337

-200

N 0
0 10 20 30
M (kNm)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 15

 Predicting the failure of the columns by loss of stability

N (kN) M-N diagram (S1)

-400

41%
-300

NÁVRHOVÝ ID
STREDNÝ ID
-200 e1=40mm
KISAC
CUHAK
KENDICKY
BOHUNICKY
MORAVCIK, KOTES
BELES
-100 FRANA
STRAUSS
S1-2
S1-3
S1-4
S1-5
S1-6
0
0 10 20 30 M (kNm) 40
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 16
Predicting the failure of the columns by loss of stability

Spoločnosť Riešiteľ Softvér N [kN| uy [mm] M [kN.m]

STU Bratislava Kišac M. Aténa 357,8 20,9 21,8

STU Bratislava Čuhák M. Metóda A 344,4 35,5 26,0

STU Bratislava Kendický P. Stab2NL 336,8 26,4 22,4

Leptón s.r.o. Bohunický B. Metóda C 342,0 44,0 28,0

ZU Žilina Moravčík M. Atena 396,6 38,7 31,2

Nemetschek-Scia Beleš I. Scia 325,5 49,4 29,1

Dlubal - CZ Fráňa J. Dlubal 363,0 30,3 25,5

BOKU Wien - A Strauss A. Atena 323,0 18,9 19,0

23% 161%

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 17

EXPERIMENT - C45/55 C100/115 (BRATISLAVA 2014)

l=88

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 18

Production of the columns (ZIPP Bratislava spol. Ltd.)

• 7 columns series S1 (normal concrete C45/55)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 19

Production of the columns (ZIPP Bratislava spol. Ltd.)
• processing of concrete with immersion vibrators
• production of samples (cylinders, cubes, prisms)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 20

Experimental verification (laboratory Bratislava 2014)
• laboratory conditions

l= 89

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 21

 Experimental results of the columns: series S1 (C45/55)
• compression strain εc= 1,55‰ in case of loss of the stability (λ=89)

N (kN) M-N diagram C45/55 N (kN) ε-N diagram C45/55

-350

-250

ID design
S1-1
ID characteristic
-150
ID mean S1-2
S1-1 S1-3
S1-2
S1-3 S1-4
S1-4 S1-5
-50
S1-5
S1-6 S1-6

0 10 20 M (kNm) 30 0 -1 ε (‰) -2

1,55‰
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 22
 Results of tested columns: series S1 (C45/55)

N (kN) Diagram e2 - N
-350

-300

-250
S1-1
S1-1 - S1-3 S1-4 - S1-6
-200
S1-2
e0 =40mm e0 =40mm
-150 S1-3

S1-4
-100

S1-5
-50
stred stĺpa stred stĺpa S1-6

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
e2 (mm)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 23

 Column N [kN| uy [mm] M [kN.m]

S1-1 324,4 57,6 31,7

S1-2 323,4 42,7 26,8
S1-3 332,6 38,3 26,0
S1-4 271,2 58,4 26,7
S1-5 296,0 59,4 29,4
S1-6 311,4 55,0 29,6

23% 52%

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 24

Evaluation of the failure predictions

• at what normal force occurs the failure of the column by the

loss of stability?

1. STRAUSS (ATÉNA) 4,8 %,

2. BELEŠ (SCIA) 5,5 %,
3. KENDICKÝ (STAB2NL) 8,7 %.

• what will be the deformation in the critical cross section of the

column by the loss of stability ?

1. BELEŠ (SCIA) 5,6 %,

2. BOHUNICKÝ (own software) 18,6 %.
3. MORAVČÍK - KOTEŠ (ATÉNA) 34,8 %,

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 25

 Overall evaluation of the failure predictions

1. BELEŠ
2. BOHUNICKÝ

3. MORAVČÍK - KOTEŠ

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 26

Failure by Stability loss

N (kN) M-N diagram C45/55

-400

-300

S1-1
-200 S1-2
S1-3
S1-4
S1-5
S1-6
-100
NÁVRHOVÝ ID
Charakter. ID
Stredný ID
e1=40mm
0
0 10 20 30 40
M (kNm)

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 27

 Overall Reliability of the Cross Section
M-N diagram C45/55
N (kN)
-1200

-1000

-800 NRk=850,6 gM=1,34

gG=1,88
-600
NRd=635,9
gF=1,4

-400 NEk=453,6
e1=40mm
NÁVRHOVÝ ID
-200
Charakter. ID
Stredný ID

0
0 10 20 30 40
M (kNm)
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 28
 Overall Reliability of the Cross Section
M-N diagram C45/55
N (kN)
-1200

-1000

NRm=982,5

-800 gMm=1,55

gGm=2,17
-600
NEd=635,9
gF=1,4

-400 NEk=453,6
e1=40mm
NÁVRHOVÝ ID
-200
Charakter. ID
Stredný ID

0
0 10 20 30 40
M (kNm)
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 29
 Overall Reliability of the Column according to 5.7 (4)
M-N diagram C45/55
N (kN)
-1000

e1=40mm
-800
NÁVRHOVÝ ID

CHARAKTER. ID

-600 Stredný ID

S1-3

-400 NRbm=332,6

gF=1,4

g Gm 2,17
-200
NEk=237,5
gB    1,55
gF 1,4
0
0 10 20 30 40
M (kNm)
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 30
 Overall Reliability of the Column according to 5.8.6 (3)
M-N diagram C45/55
N (kN)
-1000

e1=40mm

NÁVRHOVÝ ID

-800 CHARAKTER. ID

Stredný ID

S1-3

N s fcd
-600

-400 NRbm=332,6

gF=1,2
NRbd=269,1 gG=1,68
-200 gF=1,4

NEk=192,2

0
0 10 20 30 40
M (kNm)
EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 31
5 Nationale Erläuterungen zu ÖNORM EN 1992-1-1

Zu Abschnitt 5.8.6(3)

Wird die Stabilitätslast (rechnerisches Versagen durch

Stabilitätsverlust) mit den mittleren Baustoffkennwerten
berechnet, so muß sie mindestens das 1,3 fache der
maßgebenden Bemessungslast erreichen. Die Aufnahme der
Schnittgrößen unter der maßgebenden Bemessungslast ist mit
den Bemessungswerten der Baustofffestigkeiten nachzuweisen.

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 32

Concrete slender columns

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 33

Slovak Chamber of Civil Engineers

DESIGN OF SLENDER COLUMNS

Prof. Dr. - Ing. Vladimír BENKO, PhD.

Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

Thank you for your attention !

EN 1992-1-1 | CPD-Lectures on Eurocodes September 16th, 2015 | vladimír.benko@stuba.sk 34