*******************************************************DBMS

QUESTIONS*****************************************************

1) What is DBMS?
Ans)DBMS is a collection of programs that allow users to create and maintain a
database. In other words, DBMS provides us
an interface or tool for performing different operations such as the creation of a
database, inserting data into it, deleting
data from it, updating the data, etc. DBMS is a software in which data is stored in
a more secure way as compared to the file-based system.
Using DBMS, we can overcome many problems such as- data redundancy, data
inconsistency, easy access, more organized and understandable, and so on.
There is the name of some popular Database Management System- MySQL, Oracle, SQL
Server.

2) What is a database?
Ans)A Database is a logical, consistent and organized collection of data that it
can easily be accessed, managed and updated.

3) What are the advantages of DBMS?

Ans) Redundancy control

Restriction for unauthorized access
Provides multiple user interfaces
Provides backup and recovery
Enforces integrity constraints
Ensure data consistency
Easy accessibility
Easy data extraction and data processing due to the use of queries

4) What do you mean by transparent DBMS?

Ans)The transparent DBMS is a type of DBMS which keeps its physical structure
hidden from users. Physical structure or physical storage structure
implies to the memory manager of the DBMS, and it describes how the data stored on
disk.

5) What is RDBMS?
Ans)RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management Systems. It is used to maintain
the data records tables. RDBMS is the form of DBMS.
RDBMS is the system that enables you to perform different operations such as-
update, insert, delete, manipulate and administer a relational database
with minimal difficulties. Most of the time RDBMS use SQL language because it
is easily understandable and is used for often.

***************************************************************DS
QUESTIONS*********************************************************

1) What is Data Structure? Explain.

Ans) The data structure is a way that specifies how to organize and manipulate the
data. It also defines the relationship between them.
Some examples of Data Structures are arrays, Linked List, Stack, Queue, etc.

2) Describe the types of Data Structures?

Ans) Data Structures are mainly classified into two types:
 Linear Data Structure: A data structure is called linear if all of its elements
are arranged in the sequential order.

Non-Linear Data Structure: The Non-linear data structure does not form a sequence
i.e. each item or element is connected with two or
more other items in a non-linear arrangement. The data elements are not arranged
in the sequential structure.

3) List the area of applications of Data Structure.

Ans)Data structures are applied extensively in the following areas of computer
science:

Compiler Design,
Operating System,
Database Management System,
Statistical analysis package,
Numerical Analysis,
Graphics,
Artificial Intelligence,
Simulation

4) What is a Stack?
Ans) Stack is an ordered list in which, insertion and deletion can be performed
only at one end that is called the top.
It is a recursive data structure having pointer to its top element. The stack
is sometimes called as Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) list i.e.
the element which is inserted first in the stack will be deleted last from
the stack.

5) Which data structure is used to perform recursion?

Stack data structure is used in recursion due to its last in first out nature.
Operating system maintains the stack in order to save the
iteration variables at each function call