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God Created all things , (world and the human persons). They were in “paradise”

“akala”/--mistakes/shortcuts/sin

Father : -------- Mission : Salvation

Abraham
10 Cs
Prophets “share” ---------Theology I
Priests ----- O. T.
Kings
Israelites – aside from being unfaithful also
became exclusivistic--
“ kami lang ang people of God, ma--saved”

God ---Jesus ----Mission : Salvation / Kingdom --------Theology II

(spread)
way,truth,life
(Son) ------ N.T.(Gospels)

CHURCH
(Holy Spirit) ------ Mission : Salvation / Kingdom. ---------Theology III
(Apostles + Disciples) (share/spread)
------ Acts of the Apostles
and the Letters / Epistles.

Philippines Spain Rome Jerusalem

Lutheran
Later- Protestantism
Theology IV
Living a Christian Life
(Morality)

Theology III – Church History

- Ecclesiology (studies the nature, members, structure, and mission of the Church)
- Sacramentology
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CHURCH Qahal ---Ekklesia---

Ecclesia---Church
Ecclesia (Latin)
Ekklesia (Greek)
Ekkaleo (verb) – “call out of” Church—small c
and big C.
- An assembly for a religious purpose (worship)
O.T
“Qahal” (Hebrew) - Calling together
- Assembly called by God
- Religious purpose (worship)

Church : Community (of men and women) centered in Christ, guided by the Holy Spirit,
moving Towards the Kingdom of the Father, and the bearers of the Message of
Salvation for all men. (G.S.I)
: Liturgical Assembly (Liturgy – Official public worship of the Church. Ex. Holy
Mass and Sacramental celebrations)

3 kinds of Priests accdg to pastoral concern and and spirituality

- diocesan/secular
- monk
- missionary

God – mission Christ Holy Spirit (Church)

(O.T.: Prophets) (N.T.) (Apostles and their followers) =CHURCH --
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Old Testament / “Mosaic” Religion .The Israelites were divided into different groups (sects)
Sadducess
Scribes
Pharisees They were united in 70 A.D. and call their religion Judaism
Essenes
Zealots

CHURCH – Started with the apostles “founded” by Jesus originated in Jerusalem (center )
Jerusalem - was first called The Way or followers of the Way (Jesus) - Acts 9:2
The Way - The group/Church/The Way was called Christians in Antioch (Acts 11:26)

Rome --Roman Empire -- pagan until 313 (Constantine’s Law – Freedom of Christian)
-- in 380 A.D. – Emp. Theodosius made Christianity as the official religion of the empire
CHURCH
(OHCA) ---- One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic
---- The Church was only given another label or ”name” Roman Catholic (Rome is
West) after the eastern schism in 1054 A.D. to distinguish her from the schismatic
Catholics in the east (Byzantium/Constantinople/Istanbul) Who called themselves
Catholic Orthodox Church.

----- from the Church comes the many different group of missionaries like the
Dominicans, CICM, SVD etc
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West East
CHURCH CHURCH CHURCH
One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic Christians The Way – Acts 9:2)
(Rome – 313 /380) (Antioch-Acts 11:26) (Jerusalem)

1054 Eastern schism

CHURCH Orthodox Catholic Church
One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic
(Roman Catholic) – West East ( Byzantium/ Istanbul)
Rome

Western Schism
CHURCH Lutheran (Protestantism)
One, Holy, Catholic, Apostolic This Lutheran (Protestant will
(Roman Catholic) also be divided into many sects
1517 (16TH Cen.) later such as the Calvinists,
Presbyterian, Ana-Baptist, and others.
Many protestant sects came out only
in the 19th century. Others are only in
20th such as the Iglesia ni Cristo (INC)
Which was only founded in 1914 by
Felix Manalo, etc. Other groups
originated as a movement like the Born
Again and etc.

(Martin Luther was an Augustinian monk

who was supposed to be a reformer)
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The Community Structure of the Church because of function/apostolate/work

(Although they all belong to One Community, the Church)

Pope The Hierarchy

Cardinals Pope
Bishops
Arch Bishops

Bishops

Bishops Priests

Priests
Deacons

Deacons

Laity

Faithful / people
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Introduction to the Sacred Scriptures

Bible?

Bible -- Biblia (Greek) – books

-- mini – library (contains many books)

--- collection of sacred books which Jews and Christians believed were written under
God’s inspiration.

--- Collection of books written under the positive influence of God (Inspiration of the Holy
Spirit) by men chosen by God at various times and places, and is recognized by the
Church as Word of God
( by _____________________).
--- Word of God in words of men, written for us and for our salvation (by Pope John Paul I)

Languages of the Bible:

1. Hebrew --------- O.T.
2. Greek ----- (Koine ) – N.T

* The Sacred Scriptures was only called Bible when it was compiled as one or into one “book”.

Word of God – must be treated with reverence (__________________)

For our salvation – must be read, and lived
* God has spoken His final words in/through Jesus Christ. God’s self – revelation
(Jesus – is the “fullness” of God’s revelation ) and offer of salvation is
best found in
Christianity.

Autographs – original materials ( document ) written by hand ( no autographs has come down to
us)

Scrolls – first written material (rolled and kept in jars), sheets of papyrus (6-9 inches, 50 ft. or
ten meters. The words were written from right to left.)

1. Authorship of the Bible

Main Author: God

Human authors – they wrote with God’s influence / inspiration of the Holy Spirit.
--instruments of God. (they used fully their human powers. Their world-
view and and background also influenced their writings.
The Bible was not dictated by God.

. We are not the original audience of the Biblical human authors

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2. Inspiration of the Bible

- the human authors were chosen by God, inspired by God, (Holy Spirit) directed by
divine presence (God’s power) to write what God wanted them to write – the truth
- The Truth – truth about our salvation
- called salvific truth/ message or religious truth/message.

3. Inerrancy of the Bible

- The Bible is free from formal error – the Bible has no error in terms of its salvific
Message / truth (or religious message /truth.
--No errors in terms of faith and morals
--Because of its _________________________.
- There may be errors but in terms of science (scientific errors). Ex. in literary form
like in spelling, world – view (cosmology) – ex. the world is flat etc. ( ex. O.T. – no
vowel.)

4. Canon of the Bible / Biblical Canon

- Canon – (from the Hebrew word – qaneh means measurer (standard)
- list of books which passed the criteria or standard to be recognized as Inspired by the Holy
Spirit or by God.
- List of books which the Church recognized as Inspired by God (holy Spirit) and are
standard / norm of faith and morals.

Inspired by the Holy Spirit

Canonical Books

Norms of Faith and Morals

(basis)

Examples of some criteria (qaneh): 1. Apostolic Origin/usage

2. Coherence with the Gospel Message
3. Constant use in the Early Church’s Liturgy
Other Examples of the criteria: Language, material, literary style, etc.

I. Canonical Books

1. Proto-canonical books – first list of books which were universally accepted as Inspired
by the Holy Spirit (no difficulty in accepting its being inspired)
Proto--(Greek) means First
39 books of O.T. and 27 books of N.T.
2. Deutero – canonical books – second collection of books who’s inspired character were
only accepted later (studied, disputed before accepted)
Deutero (Greek) means Second

- There are seven

1. Tobit – parts of Esther 10:4 – 16:24
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2. Judith
3. Sirach - parts of Danniel - Story of Susanna
4. Wisdom - Bel and the Dragon
5. Baruch - Song of the 3 young men
6. I Maccabees
7. II Macabees

* Two proofs for the canonicity of the deutero-canonical books --- Septuagint
- ----Dead Sea Scrolls. ( 1947- 1950)

“Most deutero-canonical books were preserved in Hebrew but survived in Greek”

- Rev. Fr. Bernard Le Frois

II. Apocryphal – non-canonical books or uninspired

(hidden)
Ex - I Esdras
- II Esdras
- Prayer of Manasseh

III. Two apocalypse / apocalyptic books in the Bible

- Daniel – figure her is Nebu _______________________
- Apocalypse / Revelation - - Criticizing the Roman Occupation

The Deutero – Canonical books are considered by the Protestants as apocryphal

*The Protestant or Protestantism which came out later in the 16th century followed the canon of the
Jewish Bible or the Jewish scholars who did not consider the seven (deutero-canonical) as inspired
By God. The Protestants may have the seven books but only as additional reading materials. The
Early Church who made the Canon of the scriptures (like during the time of St. Ireneus of Lyons)
followed the Jewish scholars who considered the Seven as canonical like those who made the
Septuagint and this will later be proven correct by the dead sea scrolls incident. There were several
compilations like the canon done by the council of Laodicea in 360 AD and another one by Pope
Damasus who compiled the books which he considered genuine in 367 AD which Jerome finished
translating into Latin in 369 which is called the Latin Vulgate and later Pope Siricius called it The
Bible which means collection of books. So there were several compilations until the final Canon of
the Sacred Scriptures was done by the council of Trent (1545-63).

Versions of Sacred Scriptures

I. Old Testament Sacred Scriptures (Written in Hebrew : all consonants)

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Translations of the Old Testament Sacred Scriptures

1. Targum – Aramaic version of the O.T. (needed after the Babylonian exile)
551BC

2. Septuagint – (LXX) Greek translation of the O.T. (including the Deutero – canonical
books)
300 to 100 BC
-by 72 scholars (Jews) in Alexandria, Egypt. There was a sort of miracle in
the translation (Scholars worked independently but came up with
exactly the same texts). (Ptolemy –
– greatly used by the Early Church

II. Bible : Old and New Testament Books (only called Bible when they were translated and
compiled in 369 AD)

III. Masoretic Text – Hebrew text of the Old Testament added with vowels compiled by
the Jews in 900 A.D or completed around 10th C. .A.D. and is called TaNaK.

Translations of the Bible:

1. Vetus Latina – the old Latin translation
2. Vulgata ( Latin Vulgate)– the revised Latin translation ---- by _Jerome in 369
3. Translations in other languages –like in English ex. Douoay Rheims version -- 1582 to
1610 – old English translation ((antiquated)

*Some of the translations today use the TaNaK/Masoretic Text as basis in translating the O.T.
books

NAB – JB -

RSV – GNB -

NRSV – RNAB -

KJB- ETC.
Imprimatur: _______________________
CCB- __________ __________________

Archbishop Stephen Langton ---in 1226, divided the Bible into chapters

Sanctes Pagnini ----- in 1528 – divided the O.T into verses

Robert Stephanus---in 1551 – divided the N.T into verses
Robert Estienne (Protestant editor)
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Note:
1. There is NO such thing as word of God per se- this idea is leading people to take the Bible
literally. The Words of God is written in Words of men/human language in a specific
context (at a certain time, place, situation, and to a particular group of people) We were not
the original audience of the Bible. So don’t take all or even most of the texts out from
their context in trying to interpret them.
2. All the Bible versions that we are using now are Translations. In translations, there is
“dagdag-bawas”. The originality is much lessened especially if it is not a well translated
one.
3. The Bible is just a partial record if you take it or view it as a purely historical book (of which
it is not).
4. Understand also the background of the human authors.

TaNak – has 24 Books --- is the Sacred Scriptures of the Jews

Catholic Bible: 73 books Protestant Bible 66 Books

1. O. T. - - - -- 46 - - - 39
2. N.T. - - - - -27 - - - 27
----- -----
73 66

- - Deutero – canonical (7) - - - - - Apocryphal

- - Apocryphal - - - - - Pseudo-epigrapha (false writings) –

somebody is writing in place of
another.
ex. You write a book and signed the name of
another person.
Ex. 1 Esdras

“ The council of Trent (1545 – 63) defined all the books of O.T – 45 and N.T – 27 “

The Books of the TaNak - 24 --- compiled around 90 A.D.

1. Torah: 1. Genesis 3. Kethubim – (Writings)
_______ 2. Exodus 1. Ruth
3. Leviticus 2. Esther
4. Numbers 3. Ezra - Nehemiah
5. Deuteronomy 4. I Chronicles, II Chronicles
5. Daniel
2. Neviim : A. the Former Prophets 6. Lamentations
1. Joshua 7. Job
2. Judges 8. Psalms
3. I Samuel, II Samuel 9. Proverbs
4. I Kings, II Kings 10. Song of Songs
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11. Ecclesiastes
B. Latter Prophets:
1. Isaiah 2.Jeremiah 3.Ezekiel 4.The twelve minor prophets

Why do the Jews only have the Old Testament? ___________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________

The Catholic Christian Bible – 73, or 72, or 71

1. The Old Testament
A. Pentateuch - - - - - -(Penta-- means five)
1. Genesis
2. Exodus
3. Leviticus
4. Numbers
5. Deuteronomy
B. The Historical Books
1. Joshua 10. Ezra
2. Judges 11. Nehemiah
3. Ruth 12. Tobit*
4. I Sammuel 13. Judith *
5. II Sammuel 14. Esther
6. I kings 15. I Maccabees*
7. II Kings 16. II Maccabees*
8. I Chronicles
9. II Chronicles
C. The Wisdom Books
1- Job
2- Psalms 5- Song of Songs
3- Proverbs 6 - Wisdom*
4- Ecclesiastes 7- Sirach*
D. The Prophetic Books
1- Isaiah
2- Jeremiah
3- Lamentations The Major Prophets :
4- Baruch* 1.
5- Ezekiel 2.
6- Daniel 3.
7- Hosea 4.
8- Joel
9- Amos
10-Obadiah
11-Jonah
12-Micah
13-Nahum The 12 Minor Prophets
14-Habakkuk
15-Zephaniah
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16-Haggai
17-Zechariah
18-Malachi

Why are they classified into major and minor prophets? What’s the basis?
______________________________________________________________________________

II. The New Testament

A. The Gospels

1- Matthew D. Catholic Letters/Epistles

2- Mark 1- -James 5.. II John
3- Luke 2 --I Peter 6.. III John
4- John 3 --II Peter 7.. Jude
4 --I John
B. 1. Acts of Apostles
C. Apostolic Letters
Pauline and other Letters
1-Romans
2-I Corinthians E. 1. Revelations
3-II Corinthians
4-Galatians 10 --I Timothy
5-Ephesians 11-- II Timothy
6-Philippians 12--Titus
7-Colossians 13--Philemon
8-I Thessalonians 14--Hebrews
9-II Thessalonians

Asst: Abbreviations of the books of the Bible and how to write the Chapters and verses.
Give example:
Also Chapters and verses like Gen. 1:1b – 3a. (how do you read it?)

Examples:

The longest Book in the Bible:_______________

The Shortest:_______________

What’s the religion of Jesus? He followed or respected the Old Testament but not yet called
Judaism at that time since the term Judaism only came out around or in 70 A.D. when the
Jews united and formed their religion again into one called Judaism.