THE PAPER OF

NOUNS

Lecturer :

Dra. Nurrochmi, M.Pd.

By :

Nanda Mutiara Sopandi (17020062)

Group :

1K3

POLYTECHNIC STTT BANDUNG

2017
 NOUNS

A. Definition of Nouns

Any member of a class of words that typically can be combined with determiners to
serve as the subject of a verb, can be interpreted as singular or plural, can be replaced with
a pronoun, and refer to an entity, quality, state, action, or concept.

B. Form of Nouns
1. Concrete Nouns

Concrete noun is a noun which we can feel through our five senses such as smell, sight,
hearing, touch and taste. Objects and substances which we cannot feel (see, hear, taste, touch,
or smell) through our sense organs are not concrete nouns. Majority of nouns become
concrete nouns as we can feel them (such as all animals and people) through our sense organs.
Concrete nouns can be of any type such as common nouns, countable nouns, proper nouns,
uncountable nouns, collective nouns, etc. They can also be in singular or plural forms.
Countable concrete nouns can be both singular and plural form such as:

 Countable concrete nouns (singular form) : a brick, a hen, a horse, a book, a goat, a
dog, a home, a friend, a room, a bread, etc.
 Countable concrete nouns (plural form ): two bricks, three books, two goats, two
dogs, three friends, four horses, three rooms, two breads, etc.

There is no plural form of uncountable concrete nouns as they cannot be separated into
individual elements to count such as:

 Uncountable concrete nouns: air, milk, rice, pulse, sugar, salt, wood, water, electricity,
flour, etc.

Use of Concrete Noun in the Sentence

Here are some sentences having variety of concrete nouns with proper meaning :

 Yellow flowers in the red vase are looking very attractive.

 Suddenly a black panther appeared when we were in the zoo.
 My kitchen gives smell of cinnamon especially in evening.
 I enjoy the sunset at the bank of Ganga river in Varanasi.
 It was a heavy rain when we went Lucknow last year.
 My mom knows well to make delicious cookies.

Categorized Examples of Concrete Noun

 Here we have listed concrete nouns under various categories such as people, place,
animals, objects, etc.

 People : scientist, dentist, doctor, firefighter, teacher, man, businessman, Rita, etc.
 Animals : bear, deer, fish, dog, cat, gorilla, cow, buffalo, puppy, lion tiger, etc.
 Places : Delhi, island, Varanasi, Lucknow, school, park, market, mountain, Turkey,
etc.
 Objects : biscuit, cake, pencil, fruit, lock, keys, eraser, coffee cup, mobile, pizza, table,
chair, etc.

2. Abstract Noun

Abstract nouns are words that name things that are not concrete. Your five physical senses
cannot detect an abstract noun – you can’t see it, smell it, taste it, hear it, or touch it. In
essence, an abstract noun is a quality, a concept, an idea, or maybe even an event.

Abstract nouns and concrete nouns are usually defined in terms of one another. Something
that is abstract exists only in the mind, while something that is concrete can be interacted with
in a physical way. Qualities, relationships, theories, conditions, and states of being are some
examples of the types of things abstract nouns define.

Types of Abstract Nouns

It’s not always easy to determine if a noun is abstract or concrete. Many grammar experts
argue over whether certain terms, making things even worse. The line separating abstract
nouns from concrete nouns is often quite blurry. For example, many abstract noun lists
include the word laughter, but others leave it out, as it’s something that can be heard, seen,
and physically felt.

C. Type of Nouns
1. Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are for things we can count using numbers. They have a singular and a
plural form. The singular form can use the determiner "a" or "an". If you want to ask about the
quantity of a countable noun, you ask "How many?" combined with the plural countable
noun.

2. Uncountable Nouns
 Uncountable nouns are for the things that we cannot count with numbers. They may be the
names for abstract ideas or qualities or for physical objects that are too small or too
amorphous to be counted (liquids, powders, gases, etc.). Uncountable nouns are used with a
singular verb. They usually do not have a plural form.

We cannot use a/an with these nouns. To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use a
word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact
measurement like a cup of, a bag of, 1kg of, 1L of, a handful of, a pinch of, an hour of, a day
of. If you want to ask about the quantity of an uncountable noun, you ask "How much?".

D. Kinds of Nouns
1. Proper Nouns (Noun Self-Name)

For example : Adam, Surabaya, Medan, New York, Miami, New Orleans, Detroit, etc.
Example of sentences:

 I go to Surabaya twice a week.

 New York is a big city.

2. Common Nouns (Common Words)

For example: stone, iron, diamond, sand, water, etc. Example of sentences :

 I hit that guy with a stone.

 We need more iron for producing stuff.

3. Collective Nouns

For example : group (group), club (club), class (class), etc.

 I join with the new club.

 I study English in the class every Wednesday and Friday.
 This group is very compact.

E. Number of Nouns
1. REGULAR NOUNS
1.1. Most singular nouns form the plural by adding -s. Examples :
 Singular : boat, house, cat, river
 Plural : boats, houses, cats, rivers
1.2. A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.
Examples :
 Singular : bus, wish, pitch, box
 Plural : buses, wishes, pitches, boxes

1.3. A singular noun ending in a consonant and then y makes the plural by dropping
the y and adding-ies. Examples
 Singular : penny, spy, baby, city, daisy
 Plural : pennies, spies, babies, cities, daisies

2. IRREGULAR NOUNS
2.1. There are some irregular noun plurals. The most common ones are listed
below. Examples :
 Singular : woman, man, child, tooth, foot, person, leaf
 Plural : women, men, children, teeth, feet, people, leaves

2.2. Some nouns have the same form in the singular and the plural. Examples :
 Singular : sheep, fish, deer, species, aircraft
 Plural : sheep, fish, deer, species, aircraft

F. Fungtion of Nouns
1. Central Core
 Subject. Ex : The girl is my sister.
 Object. Ex : The blonde girl is my sister.
 Complement of Clause. Ex : The blonde who is wearing blue jeans is my sister.
 Complement of Prepositional Phrase. Ex : The blonde girl in blue jeans is my sister.

2. Modification Structure
 Object of Prepositional. Ex : I live in Sumedang.
 Noun adjunct. Ex : That is the book store.