U R IK U LU M

I-K GA
XI

AS

BU
KEL
bahasa

si
03

NG
Se

AN
inggris
PAST TENSE

A. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + Verb2 + Object
2. Negative
Subject + didn’t + Verb1 + Object
3. Interrogative
Did + Subject + Verb1 + Object

b. Usage
We use the simple present to talk about action or situation in the past, and it has earmarks
such as yesterday, last .... , .... ago, etc.
E.g. I arrived at Pandeglang two weeks ago (+)
I didn’t arrive at Pandeglang two weeks ago (-)
Did I arrive at Pandeglang two weeks ago (?)

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 CONTOH SOAL

1. She .... to London in 2008.

A. goes
B. went
C. is going
D. has gone
E. has been going
Pembahasan:
Jawaban B, karena ada adverb of time in 2008 yang menyatakan masa lampau dan
menggunakan verb2.

2. Amin : “Did the man ... the beggar?”

Ella : “Yes, he did. And he ... some money.”
A. Help – gave
B. Helped – give
C. Helped – gave
D. Help – giving
E. Helping – gave
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena jika sudah ada did tidak menggunakan verb2 lagi akan tetapi verb1,
dan jika belum ada baru bisa menggunakan verb2 untuk semua subjek.

B. PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + was,were + Verb-ing + Object
2. Negative
Subject + was,were + not + Verb-ing + Object
3. Interrogative
was,were + Subject + Verb-ing + Object

b. Usage
1. We use the past continuous tense to say that someone was in the middle of doing
something at a certain time. (kita menggunakan tenses ini untuk mengungkapkan

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 kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau). Biasanya menggunakan waktu
yang lebih spesifik (at 7 PM, in the morning, etc.)
E.g. Yesterday at 10 AM, I was teaching the surrounding public (+)
I wasn’t teaching the surrounding public (-)
Was I teaching the surrounding public (?)
2. We often use the past continuous and simple past together (tujuan dari keduanya
bersamaan muncul adalah untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang menyela di tengah-
tengah kegiatan lain), yaitu dengan menggunakan when/while.
E.g. The teacher was explaining the lesson when the student came in class.
3. Atau bisa ada dua past continuous tense untuk menyatakan action yang berlangsung
bersamaan menggunakan while.
E.g. Azkiya was listening me while Donny was playing soccer.

CONTOH SOAL

1. My brother was sitting when I .... at home.

A. arrives
B. arriving
C. arrive
D. arrived
E. is arriving
Pembahasan:
Jawaban D, karena ada when yang menyatakan dua kegiatan hampir terjadi berbarengan,
jadi past continuous sudah tertera di soal, maka jawabannya simple past tense yaitu
verb2.

C. PAST PERFECT TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + Had + Verb3 + Object
2. Negative
Subject + Had + not + Verb3 + Object
3. Interrogative
Had + Subject + Verb3 + Object

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b. Usage
We use the past perfect tense to express the idea that something occured before another
action in the past. Untuk menguasai tenses ini sangat mudah, kita hanya fokus terhadap
after/before yang melekat di past perfect tense, karena after/before menyatukan past
perfect (had + verb3) dan past tense (verb2).
E.g. I had lost my bag before you arrived

Jika past tense sudah ada, maka past perfect tense-lah jawabannya dan sebaliknya.
Untuk lebih melatih kemahiran dalam materi ini, perhatikan soal sebagai berikut:

CONTOH SOAL

1. “Azkiya Had sent the mail before you .... me.”

A. has called
B. called
C. is calling
D. calls
E. call
Pembahasan:
Jawaban B, karena ada earmarks of past perfect “before”. Maka, yang belum ada di dalam
soal adalah past tense (verb2), karena past perfect-nya sudah berada di dalam soal (had
sent).

D. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

a. Pattern
1. Positive
Subject + Had + been + Verb-ing + Object
2. Negative
Subject + Had + not + been + Verb-ing + Object
3. Interrogative
Had + Subject + been+Verb-ing + Object

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c. Usage
We use the past perfect continuous tense to show duration before something in the past.
Past perfect continuous tense memiliki kemiripan dengan present perfect continuous
tense dalam durasi, akan tetapi present perfect continuous masih berlangsung hingga
kini dan past perfect continuous tidak, perhatikan contoh berikut:
E.g. Marimar has been waiting for Dony for over an hour when I arrive
Marimar had been waiting for Dony for over an hour when I arrived

Berdasarkan contoh diatas, perbedaan terdapat hanya di tenses pengiringnya, walaupun

keduanya sama-sama menggunakan for.
Untuk lebih mematangkan bab ini, mari perhatikan simulasi soal sebagai berikut:

CONTOH SOAL

1. Erlina .... on her report for 6 hours. She looked so pale and tired.
A. has been working
B. had been working
C. is working
D. works
E. work
Pembahasan:
Jawaban B, karena tenses pengiringnya past tense (looked). Maka, jawaban yang paling
tepat adalah past perfect continuous.

2. Erlina .... on her report for 6 hours. She looks so pale and tired.
A. has been working
B. had been working
C. is working
D. works
E. work
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena tenses pengiringnya present tense (looks). Maka, jawaban yang paling
tepat adalah present perfect continuous.