Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
WARANGAL, TELANGANA.
YEAR OF
4. 2017
ADMISSION
SIGNATURE OF
6 THE
CANDIDATE
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7
THE GUIDE
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THE PRINCIPAL
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INTRODUCTION:
The mothers who give birth in maternity wards are under the
supervision of skilled personnel in the immediate postnatal period and are monitored
suffer from some problems, such as perineal pain, back pain, uterine cramps, and
fatigue. Busy care providers focus on the serious complications of postpartum period.
mother's perineal pain, back pain, and psychological status, to be less taken into
account. In addition, mothers may consider these problems as the natural consequences
of labour and speak less about them. Physical pain in the postpartum period can lead to
the mother and her baby, disability in caring about the new-born, and inappropriate
anaesthetics. But this method is associated with serious adverse effects like
constipation, gastric irritation, passage of drugs to the maternal milk and prolonged
use of aromatherapy after the first 24 hours, postpartum is a traditional method used
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for the immediate symptomatic relief of pain. It should be noted that, in most cases in
Iran, mediolateral incision is made for episiotomy and catgut thread is used for its
repair, resulting in more perineal pain. Therefore, a lot of women in Iran and other
anti-spasmodic effects. Aromatherapy with lavender oil has been used to reduce pain
and anxiety during labour, and mothers have generally evaluated this approach as an
appropriate method.
maternity wards, it is important that mothers experience less pain, have a good mood
to establish an appropriate emotional relationship with their infants in the early days of
postpartum period, and can breastfeed and take care of their infants. Obviously,
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NEED FOR THE STUDY
woman’s life. It does not really matter if the child is the first, second or the third one.
Each experience is unique and calls for a celebration. One of the most beautiful time
periods during a women’s life is the pregnancy period. Because her life will be satisfied
by giving birth to her baby. For that she will be ready to suffer all the pains with full
happiness.
Even though the labor event gives pleasure for the mother it also
gives severe pain. Most of the mother will experience some amount of discomfort after
the delivery. Some common discomforts are pain in the episiotomy site, breast
engorgement, after pain, back pain etc.…Among this, back pain is very common during
child and extending for about six weeks. Biologically, it is the time after birth, a time in
which the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, return to
pre-pregnant states. The major focus of postnatal care is ensuring that the mother is
healthy and capable of taking care of her new born; equipped with all the information
she needs about breast feeding, reproductive health and the immanent life adjustment.
In some case this adjustment is not made easily and women may suffer from
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the women need to be taken care properly during period. Most postnatal women
During postnatal period 68% of women are affected with back pain in 8
weeks and 60% in 8 months. Neither elective caesarian section nor assisted vaginal
delivery increase the risk of postnatal back pain compared with spontaneous delivery.
Most of the time analgesic is given to the postnatal mothers in order to reduce the pain.
The action of analgesic is temporary which helps to reduce pain for very short period
but the aromatherapy plays very important role in minimizing pain, disability and
postnatal period. The top 6 benefits of aromatherapy for mothers: are Relaxation, Stress
Relief, back aches, neck and Shoulders pain, Reduction of fluid retention, help uterus to
return to original size, reduction of cellulite and helps to tone up the body.
Aromatherapy also provides an important sense of continuing comfort for the new
mother. The aim of this therapy is to give nurturing and emotional support as well as
alleviate the muscle aches from the strain of labor and childbirth.
promotes greater lean mass bone growth and mineralization”. The massage therapy was
performed daily from day 6 to day 10 of postnatal life, body composition, bone area,
mineral content, bone mineral density was measured by Dual Energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DXA). Massage therapy during early life elicited immediate and
prolonged anabolic effect on postnatal growth. On day 21 body weight, lean mass, bone
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Lavender is an aromatic plant that is widely used in aromatherapy.
effects Aromatherapy with lavender oil has been used to reduce pain and anxiety
during labour, and mothers have generally evaluated this approach as an appropriate
method.
maternity wards, it is important that mothers experience less pain and fatigue, have a
good mood to establish an appropriate emotional relationship with their infants in the
early hours of postpartum period, and can breastfeed and take care of their infants.
breastfeeding that causes it to be continued after release from hospital. Discharge with
better physical and mental conditions in turn improves women's quality of life. Thus,
the present study aims to assess the effect of aromatherapy with lavender oil in
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REVIEW OF LITERAURE
A review of literature on the research topic makes the researcher familiar with the
existing studies and provides information, which helps focus on a particular problem
lay a foundation upon which to base new knowledge. it creates accurate picture of the
MOTHERS
BACK PAIN
childbirth: prospective search for causative factors” in US. In this study 599 women
were recruited, of whom 450 (75%) replied to a follow up questionnaire. 152 women
(33.8% of responders) reported backache lasting three months after delivery and, of
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these, 33 (7.3%) had not previously suffered with backache. There was no significant
differences between the treatment groups in the incidence of postnatal backache overall
obstetric, and epidural variables examined the only factors significantly associated with
pain and pelvic pain postpartum” in Umea University, Sweden. In this descriptive
study they studied 639 women. These women were sent a questionnaire at
approximately six months after delivery. Study concludes almost half of women who
had experienced LBPP during pregnancy reported PA at six months post-partum. The
number of years of pre-pregnancy PA did not influence the risk of persistent LBPP.
pregnancy and bone mineral density changes”. In this cohort study they studied 60
women. Result shows women had higher BMD loss during pregnancy compared to
those without further pain. Study concludes Persistence of back pain symptoms after
pregnancy could be related to an inability to recover fully from BMD loss during the
index pregnancy
acupressure with lavender essential oil for pain relief of subacute and chronic lower
back pain, participants who received a 3-week course of eight sessions of treatment
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objective measures of physical functional performance, including lateral spine flexion
and walking time. The results of the study support that acupressure type massage with
lavender oil may help improve subacute lower back pain. However, there was no group
that received acupressure without lavender oil, so it is not possible to say definitively
whether the improvement came from the aromatherapy or the massage intervention
alone. The researchers recommend that the combined treatment be used along with
mainstream medical treatment, as an add-on therapy in reducing lower back pain in the
short term
received Swedish massage using ginger oil with a control group who received
traditional Thai massage through clothes with no oil. In this trial, participants were
The researchers found that both massage groups experienced a significant improvement
in pain and mobility. However, the patients whose massage contained ginger oil
addition to conventional treatment versus conventional treatment alone for neck pain.
After eight lavender acupressure and acupoint stimulation sessions, the increased
stiffness, and reduced stress a month after treatment compared to those receiving usual
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Experimental study, massage with ginger oil was compared to a
massage only and a treatment as usual group. At one-week follow-up, knee pain and
stiffness were similar among the three groups. At the four-week follow-up, the
the control groups. Interestingly, there was no significant change in report of overall
quality of life for any of the three groups. Although the results were inconclusive, they
suggest that aromatherapy has potential to treat knee pain in addition to standard care
worldwide. In about 15% of adolescents and young women, menstrual pain is severe
and may impair women from attending work, school, playing sports, or enjoying other
activities. In one study, the menstrual pain of women being treated with aromatherapy
abdominal massage was compared with a control group of women treated with
than the acetaminophen group. The results, however, are unclear because it is possible
that massage alone could alleviate menstrual pain. A later randomized blind placebo
group, receiving massage with no therapeutic oil. In this study, the aromatherapy group
researched more than any other specific type of pain. Despite the availability of data,
results are inconclusive. A review of two randomized controlled trials involving more
than 500 women found no difference in pain intensity, rate of caesarean section, or
frequency of requests for pharmacological intervention for women being treated with
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clary sage, chamomile, lavender, ginger oil, or lemongrass compared to women
receiving standard care. A semi-experimental clinical trial found that women who were
treated with lavender aromatherapy during labour reported a lower intensity of pain
than women in a control group. Unfortunately, the aromatherapy group did not
similar study using orange oil for pain management during labour and delivery reported
comparable results Although conflicting reports exist, the low cost, ease of use, and
PAIN
each woman. This can be influenced by two mechanisms: working with pain or pain
relief. The working with pain paradigm includes the belief for long-term benefits to
promoting normal birth and pain plays an important role in the process. This approach
offers support and encouragement to women and self-help techniques to cope with
normal labour pain. The pain relief paradigm, other note, is characterized by the use
of pharmacological intervention in order for women not to suffer pain. (Smith, Collins
popularity among consumers across the world. Studies suggests that between 36% to
62% of adults from industrialized nations adopted some forms of these alternative
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methods to prevent or treat health problems. (Barnes, 2004) Complementary therapies
are commonly used among women of reproductive age. It is also possible that a
Crowther, 2011)
symptoms in postpartum period. The Acute Pain Management Guideline Panel of the
states that nonpharmacological therapies should be considered for any patient with an
therapies. (Buckle, 2001) Numerous reports showed the usefulness of essential oils in
various clinical settings. (Ching, 1999) There have been no studies or published
anecdotal evidence that demonstrate harm from essential oils to mother and foetus,
(Tillett, 2010; Burns, 2 Essential oils are concentrated substances and can cause skin
reduce pain by producing euphoric sensation and pleasant feelings. Adrenaline levels,
anxiety and fear are reduced which resulted to natural oxytocin production and to a
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(Burns et. al., 1999)
intrapartum midwifery was conducted. With a sample size of 8058 mothers between the
spectrum of1990 to 1998, it was identified that aromatherapy has the capacity to
alleviate anxiety and fear and appeared to reduce the need for additional pain relief
resulting to decrease in the need of epidural medication. (Burns et. al,1999; Nottingham
University Hospital, 2012) The use of essential oils has been one of the fastest growing
trend in natural health care. The molecules of the essential oils interact with the body to
promote wellness through receptor sites that accept plant molecules and use them to fire
responses to the brain, just as the body would use its own molecules for healing
essential oils are currently under worldwide medical research and being used in
hundreds of hospitals in America. Essential oils are safe for consumption for pregnant
patients since they have developed a thicker layer of fat underneath the skin which acts
as a safety area between the baby and essential oil. The oil dissolves in fat and more
likely rest in the fatty layers giving a slow-release treatment. Essential oils by their very
nature, being organic substances, will cross the placental barrier and have the potential
to affect the foetus. However, the amount of essential oil that actually accesses the
mother’s skin is very tiny and therefore the amount that reaches the placenta minuscule
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as pharmacological drugs. (Simkins and bolding, 2004)
and improving patients’ satisfaction. Lavender oil aromatherapy, in particular, has been
Aromatherapy involves the use of essential oils which are volatile, fragrant
organic compounds obtained predistillation for plant material. The mechanism of action
(Stevenson, 1995)
undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding”, patients in the study group were
treated with lavender oil, which was applied to the oxygen face mask, the control group
patients received non-scented baby oil. Post-operative pain was treated with morphine.
Numerical rating scores (0-10) were used to measure the level of pain at 5, 30 and 60
lavender aromatherapy.
interest for potential use of aromatherapy in perioperative care. (Kim et. al., 2007)
Meticulous records were kept regarding the oils used, the mode and timing of
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administration, and rea- sons for use. Mothers and midwives reported on the effectiveness of
the oils in accomplishing the purpose for which it was given. Sixty-one percent of the women
received aromatherapy (lavender, rose, or frankincense) to relieve anxiety and fear. Fifty
percent of both mothers and midwives found it helpful, and 13% found it unhelpful. Rosé oil
was rated helpful by most (71%), followed bylavender (50%). Lavender and frankincense were
used for pain by 537 women, of whom 54% found lavender helpful and 64% found
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
. “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AROMATHERAPY IN
HOSPITALS, HYDERABAD.”
OBJECTIVES
1. To assess the level of back pain among control group and experimental group.
mother.
3. To find the association between back pain scores of postnatal mothers with
selected demographical variables.
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
1. Effectiveness: effectiveness refers to the extent to which the aromatherapy has
2. Back pain: It refers to mild, moderate or severe discomfort in the back pain
the skin.
5. Postnatal mothers: It refers to the mothers after delivery with back pain.
ASSUMPTION
1. The postnatal mothers with backpain will co-operate and be willing to
HYPOTHESIS
H1: There will be a significant difference in back pain among postnatal mothers
H2: There will be a significant association between pre-test scores and their selected
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DELIMITATIONS
1. Postnatal mothers those who are having back pain.
3. The study sample size will be delimited to 30 post-natal mothers with pregnancy
backpain.
VARIABLES
Variables included in the study were
Drug
SOURCE OF DATA
Postnatal mothers with back pain who are registered in selected hospitals at
Hyderabad.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design selected for the present study will be a pre-experimental
design (one group pre-test and post-test design). The intention of study will be to
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SETTING OF THE STUDY
POPULATION
SAMPLE
The sample will be post-natal mothers with at selected hospitals at Hyderabad.
SAMPLE SIZE
The sample size will be 60 (30 experimental and30 control).
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Non-probability, purposive sampling technique will be used to select subject.
SAMPLING CRITERIA
In sampling criteria, the researcher specifies the characteristics for the population under
a. Inclusion Criteria
postnatal mothers suffering from mild, moderate and severe back pain.
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Postnatal mothers who are willing to participate in the study.
b. Exclusion criteria
Postoperative mothers.
LIMITATIONS
➢ The samples will be selected by purposive sampling method
investigator.
with backpain and this data will be analysed by using both descriptive and inferential
statistics.
interview observation schedule. The results will be computed using descriptive and
inferential statistics.
Does the study require any investigation to be conducted on patient or other humans or
Ans: Yes, in this study aromatherapy with lavender oil is given for postnatal mothers
for 2 days.
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