WHAT IS GENDER VIOLENCE?

 Violence includes: rape, sexual assault, intimate partner violence in heterosexual and same sex
partnerships, sexual harassment, stalking, prostitution and sex trafficking.
 The term "gender violence" reflects the idea that violence often serves to maintain structural
gender inequalities, and includes all types of violence against men, women, children,
adolescents, gay, transgender people and gender non-conforming. This type of violence in some
way influences or is influenced by gender relations. To adequately address this violence, we
have to address cultural issues that encourage violence as part of masculinity.

 Gender is also the most powerful predictor of rape, sexual assault and relationship violence.
These crimes are predominantly against men, women and children are perpetrated by men.
 Gender violence highlights toxic masculinity patterned violence: a prevalent violence motivated
by aggression, revenge, competition, and entitlement, and includes sexual and other violence
against men, women, partners and children.

NATURE OF GENDER AND VIOLENCE

GENDER AND VIOLENCE PERSPECTIVE

 Gender Violence also known as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) is a term used to describe the
violence inflicted to an individual's biological gender or gender identity.
 Gender Violence can impact anyone regardless of their geographical location, socioeconomic
background, race, religion, sexuality, or gender identity.
 The violence occurred physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and psychological abuse, threats,
coercion, and economic and education deprivation.
 While the term is often used synonymously with ‘violence against women’, gendered violence
can and does occur for people of all genders including men, women, male and female children
and gender diverse individuals.
Forms of violence

Violence against women can take a number of forms and arise in a number of situations:

 Emotional/ Psychological Violence

Psychological violence undermines a victim's self-confidence. Psychological violence is
difficult to identify. Disagreements are an ordinary part of life, but arguments and violence are
two different things. In an argument you are free to voice your own opinion. An argument turns
into violence when the victims of violence are no longer dares to express his or her opinions for
fear of the consequences.
Psychological violence is also a crime.

Emotional violence includes:

*False accusations
*Controlling someone's actions or behavior
*Obsessive jealousy
*Blackmailing
*Lying
*Not allowing someone to have contact with friends and families

Physical Violence
Physical or bodily violence includes all physical acts of violence. Being unconcerned about
your health, your needs or your safety is also violence.

For example,
*Pushing
*Arm twisting
*Slapping
*Punching
*Dragging
*Stabbing

Sexual Violence
Everyone has the right to make decisions about his or her body, about who is allowed to
touch it and how.

Sexual violence is, for example:

*Rape
*Forcing sex on someone who has passed out or is sleeping
*Sexual violence by taking advantage of the other person's state of fear
*Being filmed or photographed having sex, or such pictures being published without permission

Economic Violence
You have the right to decide how to use your money and property. The decisions that you
take with your spouse or with your family should be voluntary. You have equal rights to mke
financial decisions and to receive feedback about the results of these decisions.

For example,
*Using money or property without permission
*Taking financial decisions alone
*Limiting you to an allowance

Gender and Domestic Violence in the Philippines

Domestic violence or family violence is violence or abuse by one person against another
in a domestic setting, such us marriage or cohabitation. It may be termed intimate
partner violence when committed by spouse or partner in an intimate relationship
against the other spouse or partner, and can take place in heterosexual or same sex
relationship between former spouses or partners.

Violence Against Women is "the word or concept (that) has been used in a broad,
inclusive manner to encompass verbal abuse, intimidation, physical harassment,
homicide, sexual assault, and rape (of women in particular).This form of violence is
gender-biased. Violence occurs precisely because of their gender, specifically because
the victims are women.

According to the United Nation's Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against

Women, violence against women is a manifestation of historically unequal power
relations between men and women." It is likewise "one of the crucial social mechanisms
by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men. This act of
violence can be argued to be a kind of hate crime since the crime committed is primarily
based upon the victim's membership in a certain demographic group.