PK-12 Scope and Sequence of Essential Computer Science Knowledge and Skills

grade level Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

compulsory (for all students at all schools) elective
CS instruction
integrated CS lessons or modules taught by dedicated CS specialists quarter-long enrichment classes Exploring CS CS Principles AP CS A Capstone
Create algorithms, or series of ordered steps, to solve problems.
Decompose a problem, into smaller, more manageable parts.
Collect, analyze, and represent data effectively.
Demonstrate an understanding of how information is represented, stored, and processed by a computer.
computational thinking Optimize an algorithm for execution by a computer.
Use abstraction to manage problem complexity.
Create simulations / models to understand natural phenomena and test hypotheses.
Engineer software and/or hardware solutions for real-world problems.
Evaluate algorithms by their efficiency, correctness, and clarity.
Demonstrate dispositions amenable to open-ended problem solving and programming
(e.g., comfort with complexity, persistence, brainstorming, adaptability, patience, propensity to tinker, creativity, accepting challenge).
Use hands-on learning and the physical environment to explore computing concepts.
Write programs using visual (block-based) programming languages.
Write programs using text-based programming languages.
Locate and debug errors in a program.
computing practice and
Read a program and translate it into English. Explain how a particular program functions.
programming
Design, code, test, and execute a program that corresponds to a set of specifications.
Modify and create animations, Design, develop, publish, and present products (e.g., web pages, mobile apps, animations)
and present work to teammates. to demonstrate and communicate curriculum concepts.
Create web pages with a practical, personal, and/or societal purpose.
Identify strengths and limitations of
different programming languages.
Implement problem solutions using a programming language, including:
sequence
iteration: simple loops while loops iteration: nested loops more advanced understanding
and use of programming concepts and skills
event handling & parallelism
(including object-oriented programming, inheritance,
conditional statements encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism)
programming skills
randomization
functions functions with parameters & recursion
variables
operators & logic
lists & arrays

examples of Scratch Jr. Scratch Snap!

suggested languages & Code.org Course 1 Code.org Course 2 Code.org Course 3 Code.org Course 4 JavaScript
platforms Kodable MIT App Inventor

Lightbot,
Daisy the Dinosaur Hopscotch Python
Jr.
 Bee-Bots Tynker Alice & StarLogo Nova Java
The Foos HTML & CSS
Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between hardware and software.
computers and Use input and output devices to operate computers. Identify major computer components. Describe the components and functions of computer systems and networks.
communication devices Describe the pervasiveness of computers and computing in everyday life.
Apply strategies for identifying and solving routine problems that occur during everyday computer use.
Use information and technology responsibly and ethically.
Describe the pervasiveness of computing in daily life. Analyze the effects of computing on society within economic, social, and cultural contexts.
community, global, and
Identify careers that utilize computing and technology.
ethical impacts
Describe the widespread impact of the internet in connecting people and ideas from across the world.
Use computing to positively impact the community.
Work cooperatively and collaboratively with peers, teachers, experts, and others.
Engage in pair programming, as both driver and navigator.
collaboration Collaboratively design, develop, publish, and present products using technology resources that demonstrate and communicate curriculum concepts.
Exhibit dispositions necessary for collaboration: providing useful feedback, integrating feedback,
understanding and accepting multiple perspectives, and socialization.
Determine and Determine and Use basic loops Create and Create and Remix a Draw complex Create web Develop a Use algebraic Build, code, Create an Ants Evaluate U.S. Design and
input a series input a series to repeat a present a share an Scratch project shapes and pages with a model of a concepts to and test a vs. SomeBees and world develop an an
of six of 10+ sequence of Scratch, Jr. animated, to add and patterns by practical, local design a game robot that action game trends by app, game,
sequential sequential commands, in interactive interactive customize decomposing personal, ecosystem that detects solves a stated(inspired by develop a website, or
directions into directions into order to guide collage story using features. and combining and/or societal using StarLogo collisions, problem. Plants vs. geographic program to
a Bee-Bot to a Bee-Bot to fuzz balls involving sequence, Debug a smaller shapes, purpose. Nova, to handles Zombies) with visualization of solve a real-
follow the navigate a through a multiple, loops, and project to using nested simulate keystrokes, Create a complicated Twitter data world,
exemplary learning pictures of a maze or maze in animated event-handlers correct errors loops and Read the code predator-prey and chase, escape, interaction using lists, and community-
activities story (e.g.,
Goldilocks and
accomplish a
basic task
Kodable. characters. in Code.org's
PlayLab.
and achieve a
given
randomization. behind a
Flappy Bird-
relationships
and population
determines
how characters
or platform using object-
game, and use oriented
data
abstraction
based
problem.
the three (e.g., find the objective. like game and dynamics. move and variables to programming. techniques to
bears) from sight word, translate it interact. keep score. create a
beginning to avoid the into English. modular
end. opposite, find program.
the sum of
2+3).

grade level Pre-K K 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

The items listed above provide an overview of the essential knowledge and skills to be taught in computer science modules or courses at each grade level and is not intended to be
exhaustive. While also important, we have purposefully omitted skills related to utilizing technology effectively and responsibly (e.g., digital literacy, basic computing, keyboarding,
notes
creating documents/spreadsheets/presentations, digital citizenship, using technology to collaborate or access online content), as these skills should be incorporated into all classes.
Additionally, the number of items included in each domain is not indicative of priority or significance.