PROJECT REPORT ON

“SPEED CONTROL CIRCUIT USING METERING IN AND

METERING OUT TECHNIQUE”
(FOR THE FINAL ASSESSMENT OF ASSIGNMENT)

NAME OF THE GUIDE

PROF. SACHIDANANDA .T. G.

NAME OF THE STUDENTS

1. PRAJWAL OTARI 2KL17ME424
2. PANKAJ GURAV 2KL17ME421
3. SURAJ CHIKMUR 2KL17ME445
4. VISHAL TAKKEKAR 2KL15ME
 CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Working

4. Simulation

5. application

6. Reference
 INTRODUCTION
Pneumatic cylinders are widely used to actuators in automatic
equipment’s because they are relatively inexpensive, simple to install
and maintain, offer robust design and operation, are available in a wide
range of standard sizes and design alternatives. This paper presents a
comparative study among the dynamic characteristics of meter-out and
meter-in speed control of pneumatic cushion cylinders with a relief valve
type cushion mechanism. Because of the nonlinear differential equations
and a requirement for simultaneous iterative solution in a mathematical
model of a double acting pneumatic cushion cylinder, a computer
simulation is carried out to investigate pressure, temperature, mass flow
rate in cushion chamber and displacement and velocity time histories of
piston under various operating conditions. It is found that the piston
velocity and pressure response in meter-in speed control are more
oscillatory than with meter-out those when pneumatic cushion cylinders
are driven at a high-speed. In meter-out speed control, the effective area
of the flow control valve is larger than that of meter-in, and the supply
pressure has to be much higher than the pressure required to move the
load because it has also to overcome the back pressure in cushion
chamber.
 OBJECTIVES

To become more knowledgeable with the hydraulic system. Flow control

valve is controlling the rate of flow in a hydraulic circuit; it’s possible to
control the speed of hydraulic cylinder. A cylinder is speed is determined by
its size and the flow rate of the oil going to or out of it. A large diameter
cylinder would hold more oil and take longer to complete its stroke; a
smaller the cylinder would move faster. Changing the flow rate from the
pump would also change the extension time of the cylinder.
Metering out has the advantage of maintaining back pressure on the lower
pressure side of the cylinder. This prevents sudden extension or retraction
of the cylinder if the load reverses.
METERING IN CIRCUIT
SIMULATION

INPUT OUTPUT

A B F=A+B

ON OFF EXTENSION
ON ON HOLD
OFF ON RETRACTION
METER IN CIRCUIT
 A Meter In Circuit Manly Uses Flow Control Valve And Check Valve.
 Meter-In Circuits Work Well With Hydraulic Fluids.
 Meter In Circuits Are Used For Controlling Of Extending Velocity Of A Piston In
Cylinder.
 Linder 4/2lever Operated Valve 1 Tank Reservoir Flow control Valve Pressure Recife
Valve Tank Reservoir Meter-In Circuit
 Meter-In Flow Control Circuit Restricts Fluid As It Enters An Actuator Port.
 Meter-In Circuits Works Well With Hydraulic Fluids, But Can Give Erratic Action
With Air.
 Movement of actuator during extension and retraction will be controlled by providing
flow control valve as we have seen above. When fluid flow direction will be reversed
in that situation, fluid will flow through the check valve and hence will bypass the
flow control valve.
 Meter-in flow control circuit will have quite precise control if load is resistive load
but if there will be overrunning load then in that situation meter-in circuit will not be
able to control the actuator speed.

ADVANTAGES of METER IN

o Finer speed control is possible

o Suitable for high pressure applications

o Low level of friction – longer service life of components

DISADVANTAGES of METER IN

o Cannot be used for hydromotor

o Pressure drops across due to throtlle and hence the pressure of the fluid fed
into the actuator will be less than required

o Inefficent because excess flow goes to tank

o Cannot prevent the load from running away as in the case of drilling machine

o Heat generated due to throttling is fed to the actuator.

METER OUT CIRCUIT
SIMULATION
  Figure shows a schematic drawing of a meter-out flow control circuit that
restricts fluid as it leaves an actuator port.
 Meter-out circuits work well with both hydraulic and pneumatic actuators.
DOUBLE ACTING CYLINDER FLOW CONTROL PRESSURE
RELIFE VALVE TANK RESERVOIR 412 LEVER OPERATED
VALVE PUMP Meter-out circuit
 Figure showing the meter-out flow control circuit, first circuit represent the rest
position while pump is in running situation. When DC valve will be operated, we can
see the second circuit to determine the fluid flow to the cylinder through the check
valve. Fluid will flow via check valve by bypassing the flow control valve. When
fluid will leave the cylinder, fluid will not be able to flow via check valve and will be
restricted by an adjustable orifice.
 Therefore actuator speed will be controlled in meter-out circuit by restricting the flow
of fluid leaving the actuator. Meter-out circuit will work successfully with resistive
load and also with overrunning load or running away load because actuator will not be
able to move faster than fluid discharge it permits.

ADVANTAGE OF METER OUT CIRCUIT

o No loss of pressure of the oil at the head end of the cylinder
o The actuator movement is more stable
o Suitable for controlling the speed of both cylinder and motor
o Heat generated during throttling goes to the tank
o Provide positve speed control of cylinder
o Pump works against the maximum pressure
o Positive speed control and stable

DISADVANTAGE OF METER OUT CIRCUIT

o Even at no load the cylinder is subjected to maximum pressure
o Piston rod side is subjeted to counter pressure which increases as area ratio increases
o The friction is higher
o If the flow control is installed after the DCV, leakage in DCV will affect the accuracy
APPLICATIONS
1. Feeding Grinder Tables,
2. Welding Machines,
3. Milling Machines,
4. Rotary Hydraulic Motor Drives
5. Drilling, Reaming,
6. Boring,
7. Turning,
8. Threading,
9. Tapping,
10.Cutting Off,
11.Cold Sawing Machines

REFERENCES:-

1. Pneumatic controls by JOJI P . ' Pneumatic controls by Andena majumdar.

Wikipedia.in

2. Aranovskiy S.V.; Losenkov A.A.; Vazquez C. (2015). "Tracking control for a

hydraulic drive with a pressure compensator". Scientific and Technical. Journal of

Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics. 15 (4): 615–622.

3. Anthony Esposito (1998). Fluid Power System With Applications , Prentice Hall The

university of Michigan.

4. Liburn S Barksdale , Burbank , Calif , Assigner To Adel , Precision Product Corp.