7

Date: 2007 February
DIN V 18599-7
Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part
7: Delivered energy for air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential
buildings
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden — Berechnung des Nutz-, End- und Primärenergiebedarfs für Heizung,
Kühlung, Lüftung, Trinkwarmwasser und Beleuchtung — Teil 7: Endenergiebedarf von Raumlufttechnik- und
Klimakältesystemen für den Nichtwohnungsbau
Supersedes DIN V 18599-7:2005-07

DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Contents Page
Foreword..............................................................................................................................................................8
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................... 11
2 Normative references ......................................................................................................................... 13
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units....................................................................................... 14
3.1 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................ 14
3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts.......................................................................................................... 16
4 Calculation methods .......................................................................................................................... 18
4.1 Interfaces to the heating system....................................................................................................... 19
5 Energy need for air conditioning ...................................................................................................... 21
5.1 Default values for HVAC system components ................................................................................ 21
5.1.1 Fans...................................................................................................................................................... 21
5.1.2 Heat recovery ...................................................................................................................................... 21
5.2 Notes on selecting a room conditioning (HVAC) system ............................................................... 22
5.3 Energy need for the HVAC heating coils.......................................................................................... 22
5.3.1 Loss of control and emission for the HVAC ventilation system (air circulation heat losses).... 23
5.3.2 Loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system (air transport heat losses)....................... 23
5.3.3 Leakage rates ...................................................................................................................................... 23
5.3.4 Hot water system temperature for HVAC heating coils .................................................................. 24
5.3.5 Demand time for HVAC heating coils ............................................................................................... 24
5.4 Energy need for the cooling coils ..................................................................................................... 24
5.4.1 Heat demand for control and emission of air to the room (heat losses of air circulation) ......... 25
5.4.2 Heat demand for air distribution (heat losses during air transport) ............................................. 25
5.4.3 Demand time for HVAC cooling coils ............................................................................................... 25
5.5 Cooling energy need, room conditioning (cooling) ........................................................................ 26
5.5.1 Room conditioning demand time...................................................................................................... 26
5.6 Energy need for humidification......................................................................................................... 26
6 Control and emission, distribution and storage.............................................................................. 27
6.1 Heating for ventilation systems ........................................................................................................ 27
6.2 (Net) refrigeration energy output ...................................................................................................... 27
6.2.1 Cold for the HVAC system ................................................................................................................. 27
6.2.2 Cooling energy supply for room conditioning ................................................................................ 28
6.3 Auxiliary energy for room conditioning .......................................................................................... 30
6.4 Steam for humidification.................................................................................................................... 30
6.5 Auxiliary energy for cooling-water and chilled water distribution ................................................ 31
6.5.1 Electrical energy demand .................................................................................................................. 31
6.5.1.1 Electrical energy demand of distribution ......................................................................................... 33
6.5.2 Hydraulic energy requirement for distribution ................................................................................ 34
6.5.2.1 Pressure loss at the design point ..................................................................................................... 35
6.5.2.2 Approximation values for ∆p ............................................................................................................. 36
6.5.2.3 Pump operating times ........................................................................................................................ 37
6.5.2.4 Mean distribution load ....................................................................................................................... 38
6.5.2.5 Correction factor fadj for hydraulic adjustment............................................................................... 39
6.5.3 Expenditure factor for pump operation ............................................................................................ 39
6.5.3.1 Efficiency factor fe of the pump ........................................................................................................ 40
6.5.3.2 Correction factor fadap for adaptation: ............................................................................................ 41
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6.5.3.3 Pump power control during operation ..............................................................................................41

6.5.3.4 Switching of pumps in parallel-pump installations .........................................................................42
6.6 Other forms of auxiliary energy (ancillary drives) ...........................................................................42
6.6.1 Pump heating coils..............................................................................................................................42
6.6.2 Pumps and drives for heat recovery .................................................................................................42
6.6.2.1 Pumps in integrated fluid circulation systems ................................................................................42
6.6.2.2 Rotor drive ...........................................................................................................................................42
6.6.2.3 Heat pumps ..........................................................................................................................................43
6.6.3 Water humidifier pumps .....................................................................................................................43
6.6.4 Electrical energy demand for central HVAC unit controls ..............................................................44
7 Delivered energy for refrigeration and steam generation ...............................................................44
7.1 Energy use for refrigeration ...............................................................................................................44
7.1.1 Refrigeration energy output of refrigeration ....................................................................................45
7.1.2 Energy use, compression refrigeration units...................................................................................47
7.1.2.1 Compressor-type refrigeration units, water-cooled ........................................................................48
7.1.2.2 Air-cooled compressor-type chillers.................................................................................................50
7.1.2.3 Room air conditioning systems, air-cooled......................................................................................51
7.1.2.4 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ................................53
7.1.3 Net generator energy for heating of absorption chillers.................................................................53
7.1.4 Gas driven refrigeration units ............................................................................................................56
7.1.4.1 Direct evaporation systems (refrigerant distribution) with variable refrigerant mass flow
(VRF systems)......................................................................................................................................56
7.1.4.2 Direct-fired absorption refrigeration systems ..................................................................................56
7.1.5 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ................................57
7.1.6 Energy use for recooling ....................................................................................................................58
7.1.6.1 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ................................61
7.1.7 Fractions of energy use for refrigeration and distribution .............................................................61
7.2 Delivered energy for steam supply....................................................................................................62
8 Delivered energy..................................................................................................................................63
8.1 Refrigeration equipment for cooling .................................................................................................63
8.1.1 Electrical energy for compressor-type chillers................................................................................63
8.1.2 Steam for heating absorption chillers...............................................................................................63
8.2 Steam generation for humidification.................................................................................................64
8.3 Auxiliary energy for HVAC and air conditioning (electrical)...........................................................64
8.3.1 Auxiliary energy for steam supply.....................................................................................................64
8.3.2 Other forms of auxiliary energy and recovered energy ..................................................................64
Annex A (normative) Characteristics relating to air conditioning ...............................................................66
A.1 General .................................................................................................................................................66
Annex B (normative) Methods for determining the part load values of refrigeration ...............................82
B.1 General ...............................................................................................................................................s82
B.2 Partial load characteristics of air-cooled refrigeration units ..........................................................83
B.3 Partial load characteristics of water-cooled refrigeration units.....................................................84
B.4 Partial load characteristics of recooling systems ...........................................................................88
Annex C (normative) Heat sources and sinks ...............................................................................................91
C.1 General .................................................................................................................................................91
C.2 Heat sources ........................................................................................................................................91
C.3 Heat sinks.............................................................................................................................................91
Annex D (informative) Guidelines for calculating the electrical energy demand of cooling-water
and chilled-water distribution systems.............................................................................................92
D.1 General .................................................................................................................................................92
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D.2 Specific volume flow in the distribution circuit............................................................................... 92

D.3 Pressure losses ∆pZ at the design point.......................................................................................... 93
D.4 Annual pump operating times ∑ td,l ............................................................................................... 93
D.5 Specific electrical power for water distribution............................................................................... 93
D.6 Electrical energy demand of distribution ......................................................................................... 94
Annex E (informative) Interfaces .................................................................................................................... 95
E.1 Interfaces to other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards ............................................ 95
Annex F (normative) Default values for refrigeration equipment in existing systems ............................. 97
F.1 Existing systems from 1990 onwards .............................................................................................. 97
F.2 Existing systems before 1995 ........................................................................................................... 97
Annex G (normative) Estimation of heat recovery ....................................................................................... 98
G.1 Estimation of heat recovery for existing systems........................................................................... 98
G.2 Estimation of temperature ratios in fixed plate heat exchangers.................................................. 98
G.3 Estimation of the temperature ratio for rotary heat exchangers ................................................... 99
G.4 Rotary heat exchangers with sorption material ............................................................................ 100
G.5 Estimation of the temperature ratio in integrated fluid circulation coil heat exchangers ........ 101
Annex H (normative) External air volume flow and specific power demand of fans in existing
systems.............................................................................................................................................. 102
H.1 Evaluation of energy demand.......................................................................................................... 102
H.2 Use of values..................................................................................................................................... 102
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................... 103
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Figures
Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599 .............................................................................................10

Figure 2 — System principle of heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems of non-residential buildings.............................................................................................12
Figure 3 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-7 (schematic diagram)............................................................13
Figure 4 — Heating for the HVAC system..........................................................................................................18
Figure 5 — Cooling for the HVAC system..........................................................................................................18
Figure 6 — Cooling energy for room conditioning..............................................................................................19
Figure 7 — Steam generation for humidification................................................................................................19
Figure 8 — Procedure for calculating the pump energy demand for cooling-water and chilled water...............33
Figure D.1 — Example of a multi-circuit chilled-water distribution system ........................................................92
Figure G.1 — Dimensions of heat exchanger (notation)....................................................................................99
Figure G.2 —Rotary heat exchangers without sorption material .......................................................................99
Figure G.3 — Rotary heat exchangers with sorption material .........................................................................100
Figure G.4 — Estimation of the temperature ratio for integrated fluid circulation coil heat exchangers ..........101
Tables
Table 1 — Symbols, units and subscripts ..........................................................................................................16

Table 2 — Delimitation between space heating in DIN V 18599-5 and room conditioning in
DIN V 18599-7.............................................................................................................................................20
Table 3 — Default values for fans ......................................................................................................................21
Table 4 — Default values for heat recovery system solutions (interfaces to DIN V 18599-2 – net gains) ........21
Table 5 — Default values for the supply air temperature difference per type of room conditioning system
(only to be used for proof of energy performance, not for design purposes)..............................................22
Table 6 — Minimum utilization factor for demand-oriented space cooling ........................................................26
Table 7 — Factors for cooling, HVAC system (mean annual value)..................................................................28
Table 8 — Factors (mean annual values) for room conditioning .......................................................................29
Table 9 — Default values for the specific energy demand of fans for room conditioning..................................30
Table 10 — Essential parameters for electrical energy demands of cooling and chilled water networks .........32
Table 11 — Specific pressure loss R in kPa/m and additional share of individual flow resistances z in
pipework ......................................................................................................................................................36
Table 12 — Assumed values for pressure losses across components in distribution circuits...........................37
Table 13 — Operating modes ............................................................................................................................38
Table 14 — Values of CP1 and CP2 in relation to the pump operating mode ...................................................41
Table 15 — Electrical power for rotor drives ......................................................................................................43

Table 16 — Default values for water humidifiers (mean annual values)............................................................44
Table 17 — Overview of refrigeration systems modelled using the characteristic value method......................45
Table 18 — Examples of zoning for cooling supply ...........................................................................................46
Table 19 — Types of partial load control of water-cooled compressor-type refrigeration units evaluated
by the characteristic value method.............................................................................................................48
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 20 — Default values for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER for water-cooled chillers ........ 49
Table 21 — Types of partial load control of air-cooled compressor-type chillers evaluated by the
characteristic value method........................................................................................................................ 50
Table 22 — Default values for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER for air-cooled compressor
chillers......................................................................................................................................................... 51
Table 23 — Types of partial load control of air-cooled room air conditioning systems evaluated by the
characteristic value method........................................................................................................................ 52
Table 24 — Rated energy efficiency ratios of cooling EER for air-cooled room air conditioning systems
with < 12 kW ............................................................................................................................................... 52
with > 12 kW ............................................................................................................................................... 52
Table 26 — Types of partial load control of absorption chillers evaluated by the characteristic value
method........................................................................................................................................................ 54
Table 27 — Rated heat ratio ζ for single-stage absorption chillers................................................................... 55
Table 28 — Rated heat ratio for direct-fired refrigeration units ......................................................................... 57
Table 29 — Specific electrical energy demand qR,electr of recooling systems ................................................ 59
Table 30 — Energy fractions for evaluating the energy characteristics of indirect cooling systems
(chillers) ...................................................................................................................................................... 61
Table 31 — Energy fractions for evaluating the energy characteristics of direct cooling systems (direct
evaporation units) ....................................................................................................................................... 62
Table 32 — Delivered energy factors for steam generation .............................................................................. 63
Table A.1 — Relationship between the type of usage and tables of characteristics......................................... 67
Table A.2 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16, 17, 18, 20) .................................... 68
Table A.3 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 6, 7, 28, 29, 30)...................................................... 69
Table A.4 — Partial load characteristics (type of usage: 8).............................................................................. 70
Table A.5 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 9, 26)....................................................................... 71
Table A.6 — Partial load characteristics (type of usage: 10)............................................................................. 72
Table A.9 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 13, 14, 15)............................................................... 75
Table A.10 — Partial load characteristics (type of usage: 21) .......................................................................... 76
Table A.12 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 23, 24)................................................................... 78
Table B.1 — Distribution rules for partial load demand values per partial load stage kn .................................. 83
Table B.2 — Correlation between partial load stages kn and external air temperatures for air-cooled
refrigeration units........................................................................................................................................ 83
Table B.3 — Part load value PLVn for air-cooled refrigeration units ................................................................. 84
Table B.4 — Partial load factor f1,n for water-cooled refrigeration units per partial load stage kn.................... 85
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Table D.1 — Specific volume flows....................................................................................................................92

Table D.2 — Pressure losses at the design point ..............................................................................................93
Table D.3 — Annual pump operating times .......................................................................................................93
Table D.4 — Electrical energy demand of distribution .......................................................................................94
Table E.1 — Input parameters ...........................................................................................................................95
Table E.2 — Output parameters ........................................................................................................................96
Table F.1 — Factor taking into account the age of existing refrigeration equipment.........................................97
Table G.1 — Estimation of the temperature ratio ηt for fixed plate heat exchangers ........................................98
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Foreword
This prestandard has been prepared by DIN Joint Committee NA 005-56-20 GA Energetische Bewertung von
Gebäuden of the Normenausschuss Bauwesen (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee), which
also lead-managed the work, and Normenausschuss Heiz- und Raumlufttechnik (Heating and Ventilation
Standards Committee) with the co-operation of the Normenausschuss Lichttechnik (Lighting Technology
Standards Committee).
A prestandard is a standard which cannot be given full status, either because certain reservations still exist as
to its content, or because the manner of its preparation deviates in some way from the normal procedure.
No draft of the present prestandard has been published.
Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent:
⎯ preferably by e-mail containing a table of the data, to nabau@din.de. A template for this table is provided
on the Internet under the URL http://www.din.de/stellungnahme;
⎯ or as hard-copy to Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) im DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.,
10772 Berlin, Germany (office address: Burggrafenstrasse 6, 10787 Berlin, Germany).
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs,
delivered energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting consists
of the following parts:
⎯ Part 1: General balancing procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers
⎯ Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones
⎯ Part 3: Energy need for air conditioning
⎯ Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting
⎯ Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems
⎯ Part 6: Delivered energy for ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings
⎯ Part 7: Delivered energy for air handling and air conditioning systems for non-residential buildings
⎯ Part 8: Energy need and delivered energy for domestic hot water systems
⎯ Part 9: Delivered and primary energy for combined heat and power plants
⎯ Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a method for assessing the overall energy efficiency of
buildings. The calculations enable all energy quantities required for the purpose of heating, domestic hot water
heating, ventilation, air conditioning and lighting of buildings to be assessed.
In the described procedures, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards also takes into account the interactive
effects of energy flows and points out the related consequences for planning work. In addition to the
calculation procedures, the use and operation-related boundary conditions for an unbiased assessment (i.e.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
independent of the behaviour of individual users and of the local climatic data) to determine the energy needs
are specified.
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is suitable for determining the long-term energy needs of buildings or
parts of buildings as well as for assessing the possible use of renewable sources of energy in buildings. The
procedure is designed both for buildings yet to be constructed and existing buildings, and for retrofit measures
for existing buildings.
Unless otherwise specified, the values relating to energy need and use in this document are monthly
averages.
Amendments
The standard differs from DIN V 18599-7:2005-07 in that it has been revised in form and content.
Previous edition
DIN V 18599-7:2005-07
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Introduction
When an energy balance is calculated in accordance with the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards, an
integrative approach is taken, i.e. the building, the use of the building, and the building’s technical installations
and equipment are assessed together, taking the interaction of these factors into consideration. In order to
provide a clearer structure, the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards is divided into several parts, each having
a particular focus. Figure 1 provides an overview of the topics dealt with in the individual parts of the series.
Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
1 Scope
The DIN V 18599 series of prestandards provides a methodology for calculating the overall energy balance of
buildings. The described algorithm is applicable to the calculation of energy balances for:
⎯ residential buildings and non-residential buildings;
⎯ planned or new building constructions and existing buildings.
The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:
⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with partially pre-determined boundary conditions;
⎯ balancing the energy use of buildings with freely-selectable boundary conditions from the general
engineering aspect, e.g. with the objective of achieving a good comparison between calculated and
measured energy ratings.
The balance calculations take into account the energy use for:
⎯ heating,
⎯ ventilation,
⎯ air conditioning (including cooling and humidification),
⎯ heating the domestic hot water supply, and
⎯ lighting
of buildings, including the additional electrical power input (auxiliary energy) which is directly related to the
energy supply.
DIN V 18599-7 applies to heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of non-residential buildings (see
Figure 2) and uses the energy need for room conditioning calculated as described in DIN V 18599-2 and the
energy need for air handling (heating, cooling and humidification) calculated as described in DIN V 18599-3.
The methods described enable calculation of the heat output for heating functions of the HVAC system. The
values calculated are output values for the calculations described in DIN V 18599-5.
Furthermore, the (net) generator cooling output for room conditioning and air handling cooling functions is
determined and the delivered energy for refrigeration equipment (electrical energy) and the generator heat
output for the thermal chillers are calculated with the aid of a method for cooling generation based on
characteristic values. These are then used as output values for the calculations in DIN V 18599-5.
In the same way, the energy used for steam humidification (i.e. delivered energy in the form of electrical
energy, gas and oil) is calculated.
Additional methods for calculating the energy requirements of the chilled water and cooling-water distribution
pumps as well as of any other pumps and ancillary drives needed are described.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Central systems: Central air handling of external air to obtain supply air (for an entire building, building
sections or individual storeys) and distribution of the supply air via ventilation ducts,
irrespective of the type of additional room conditioning used.
Decentralized systems: Roomwise air handling of external air to obtain supply air for individual rooms, or
natural ventilation via windows. Additional room air conditioners using water or
refrigerants as heat carriers.
Figure 2 — System principle of heating, ventilation and air conditioning

(HVAC) systems of non-residential buildings
DIN V 18599-7 applies to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in accordance with
DIN EN 13779 (supply air/extract-air systems) as well as air-recirculation systems for room conditioning in
non-residential buildings (ventilation systems of residential buildings being dealt with in DIN V 18599-6),
including the required refrigeration (delivered energy for cooling generation), steam generation and energy
distribution systems. Air-heating systems with air recirculation and reheating of supply air from HVAC systems
with room control are dealt with in DIN V 18599-5.
The methods described also allow the product-specific characteristics of components to be used in individual
cases, provided that these manufacturer-specific values are based on a declaration of conformity with
harmonized European specifications or corresponding European directives, on a declaration of conformity with
generally-accepted rules of technology or on proof of usability issued by a building inspectorate, and are
suitable for the respective calculation method. Energy-related aspects of air flow in enclosed spaces, air
distribution within rooms and mobile room air conditioning equipment are not dealt with here.
Ventilation and air handling systems with external air intake from a double glass façade or a sunspace (e.g. a
conservatory or atrium) cannot at present be calculated using the methods described in DIN V 18599-2,
DIN V 18599-3 and DIN V 18599-7.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Figure 3 shows the scope of the present document in schematic form. For the reader’s orientation, all other
parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards contain an illustration similar to Figure 3 as shown here, and
in which the respective energy components dealt with are shown in colour.
Figure 3 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-7

(schematic diagram)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
DIN V 18599-1, Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 1: General balancing
procedures, terms and definitions, zoning and evaluation of energy carriers
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 2: Energy needs for
heating and cooling of building zones
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 3: Energy need for air
conditioning
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 4: Energy need and
delivered energy for lighting
DIN V 18599-5 Energy efficiency of buildings — Calculation of the energy needs, delivered energy and
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 5: Delivered energy for
heating systems
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 6: Delivered energy for
ventilation systems and air heating systems for residential buildings
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 8: Energy need and
delivered energy for domestic hot water systems
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 9: Delivered and
primary energy for combined heat and power plants
primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water and lighting — Part 10: Boundary
conditions of use, climatic data
DIN EN 308, Heat exchangers — Test procedures for establishing performance of air to air and flue gases
heat recovery devices
DIN EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings — Performance requirements for ventilation and room-
conditioning systems
VDI 2067 Part 10, Economic efficiency of building installations — Energy requirements for heated and air-
conditioned buildings
VDI 2067 Part 11, Economic efficiency of building installations — Calculation of energy requirements for
heated and air-conditioned buildings
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and concepts defined in DIN V 18599-1 as well as the
following shall apply.
3.1.1
cooled sector
those parts of a building, the utilization units and technical building systems which are supplied by the same
refrigeration equipment source
NOTE The cooled sector can comprise multiple zones and utilization units or only of parts of these.
3.1.2
specific fan power; SFP value
sum of the electrical power required by all fans in the air-distribution system, divided by the total air volume
flow achieved at design conditions
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
3.1.3
recovered heat coefficient/recovered moisture coefficient
ratios of the temperature and humidity in heat recovery systems
NOTE See DIN EN 308.
3.1.4
reheating
heating of the supply air to meet the requirements of the utilization unit or building zone (individual room
control)
NOTE In accordance with DIN V 18599-3, the supply air temperature is controlled to maintain a specific constant
value. The difference required in order to maintain the room temperature can be achieved either by static heat-exchanging
surfaces or by reheating the supply air. In order to ensure that the space-heating surfaces are dealt with in an analogous
manner, the required energy is evaluated using the method described in DIN V 18599-5.
3.1.5
recooling
cooling of the supply air to meet the requirements of the utilization unit or building zone (individual room
control)
NOTE In accordance with DIN V 18599-3, the supply air temperature is controlled to maintain a specific constant
value. The difference required in order to maintain the room temperature can be achieved either by static heat-exchanging
surfaces, secondary air cooling systems or by recooling the supply air.
3.1.6
product data
manufacturer-specific data on the basis of
⎯ a declaration of conformity to harmonized European specifications or corresponding European directives,
or
⎯ a declaration of conformity to generally recognized technical standards, or
⎯ a building-inspectorate certificate of usability
that is suitable for this calculation procedure
3.1.7
default value
data which can be used for the calculation if no suitable product data are available for the calculation
procedure
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts
Table 1 — Symbols, units and subscripts
Symbol Meaning Unit
ηvh,ce Efficiency of heat emission to the room – heating air distribution –

ηvc,ce Efficiency of heat emission to the room – cooling air distribution –
ηc*,ce Efficiency of emission – HVAC cooling –
ηc,ce Efficiency of emission – room conditioning –
ηc*,ce,sens Sensible efficiency of cooling control and emission (HVAC) –
ηc,ce,sens Sensible efficiency of control and emission of room conditioning systems –
ηc*,d Efficiency of distribution – HVAC cooling –
ηc,d Efficiency of distribution – room conditioning –
fvh,d Thermal loss coefficient for heating air distribution –
fvc,d Thermal loss coefficient for cooling air distribution –
AK,A Ductwork and device surface area outside of thermal envelope m2
fc,ce,aux Auxiliary energy factor for room conditioning –
fp Ratio of total pressure to constant pressure fraction in VAV systems –
PLVav Mean part load value, refrigeration equipment –
EER Energy efficiency ratio in kW/kW –
SEER Seasonal energy efficiency ratio (for the year) –
QC,outg,a,n Refrigeration energy output, air conditioning cooling per type of usage n kWh
Rated drive power of the refrigeration equipment (chiller, room conditioner),
PC,elektr kW
electrical
ζ Annual mean heat ratio of the thermal chiller –
QC,f,therm Energy use (final energy) of the absorption chiller (thermal) kWh
Q& C,outg Rated cooling power of the absorption chiller kW
Q& C,therm Rated heating power of the absorption chiller kW
b Evaluation factor for existing building/new construction –
QZ,aux,d Auxiliary energy for cooling unit kWh
ed,l Expenditure factor for distribution of cooling-water and chilled water –
fadap Correction factor for adaptation to operating point –
fadj Correction factor for hydraulic adjustment –
td Pump operation time within the time period h
fe Efficiency factor of the pump –
ν Kinematic viscosity mm2/s
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 1 (continued)
Symbols Meaning Unit

Mean load of the cooling-water and chilled water distribution within the
βd,l –
period l under consideration
P Power W
Hydraulic power of the cooling-water and chilled water distribution at the
Pd,hydr W
design point
∆pz Pressure loss at the design point kPa
V&z Volume flow of the chiller m3/h
V&z,min Minimum volume flow in the distribution circuit m3/h
R Pressure loss along pipes kPa/m
Hydraulic energy requirement per time period
Wd,hydr,l kWh/Periode
annual balance: l = a, monthly balance: l = mth
Q& z Cooling or refrigeration capacity of cooling supply unit at the design point kW
QC,f,R,elektr Energy use for recooling (electrical energy) kWh
Q&R,outg Rated recooling capacity kW
qR,elektr Specific electrical energy demand, recooler –
fR,av Partial load factor, recooler –
tR,op Mean operating time, recooling operation h
Qrd Recovered thermal energy –
ϑrd Output temperature of recovered thermal energy –
ϑH*,op Hot water supply temperature of preheater and reheater of HVAC unit °C
ηt, ϕ Temperature ratio of heat recovery –
ηx, ψ Humidity ratio of heat recovery –
ϑh* Hot water system temperature for HVAC heating coils °C
tH*,op Time the central HVAC heating coils are required to operate (“demand time”) h
bVH Full utilization hours of the central heating coils (monthly, annually) h
tC*,op Time the central HVAC cooling coils are required to operate (“demand time”) h
bVC Full utilization hours of the central cooling coils (monthly, annually) h
Qhr,f,aux Electrical auxiliary energy for heat recovery kWh
QY,aux Additional auxiliary energy for further process steps kWh
Pel,av,KVS Mean electrical power of pumps of KVS systems W/m3/h
Pel,av,rot Mean electrical power for drive of heat recovery rotor W
Pel,mh Specific power demand of humidification pumps W/m3/hLuft
fmh Partial load factor for humidification control –
fm*,f Delivered energy factor for steam humidification –
17
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The standard time base is always one month; if other time bases are used, this shall be indicated explicitly by
the subscript of the symbol used in the equation.
4 Calculation methods
Figures 4 to 7 illustrate the procedures for calculating the energy use (i.e. delivered energy) for the
subsystems HVAC heating, HVAC cooling, room conditioning and generation of steam for humidification.
Figure 4 — Heating for the HVAC system
Figure 5 — Cooling for the HVAC system
18
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Figure 6 — Cooling energy for room conditioning
Figure 7 — Steam generation for humidification
4.1 Interfaces to the heating system

This document describes how to calculate the energy required to produce the net energy Qh*,b for the heating
coil in the heating, ventilation and air conditioning unit (called HVAC unit in the following). The supply air
temperature is always lower than the room temperature.
All systems for heating the zone are assessed as described in DIN V 18599-5.
All systems for cooling the zone are assessed as described in the present document.
19
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 2 — Delimitation between space heating in DIN V 18599-5 and room conditioning in
DIN V 18599-7
Reheating in the supply air to achieve room temperature (see

DIN V 18599-5)
Preheating and reheating external air (including secondary air) in
the air conditioning unit (see DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of fans (see DIN V 18599-3)
Recooling in the supply air to achieve room temperature (see

DIN V 18599-7)
Main cooling of external air (including secondary air) in the air
conditioning unit (see DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of fans (see DIN V 18599-3)
Secondary air heating in the zone by means of induction

equipment, fan convectors, air heaters, etc. to achieve room
temperature (see DIN V 18599-5)
Electrical energy demand of secondary fans (see DIN V 18599-5)
Preheating and reheating external air (and secondary
(recirculated) air portion) in the air conditioning unit (see
DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of central air conditioning unit fans (see
DIN V 18599-3)
Secondary air cooling in the zone by means of induction

equipment, fan convectors, air coolers, etc. to achieve room
temperature (see DIN V 18599-7).
Electrical energy demand of secondary fans (see DIN V 18599-7)
Main cooling of external air (and secondary (recirculated) air
portion) in the air conditioning unit (see DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of fans in central HVAC unit (see
DIN V 18599-3)
Static heating in the zone by means of convectors, heated

ceilings, floor heating, embedded systems etc. to achieve room
DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of fans in central HVAC unit (see
DIN V 18599-3)
Static cooling in the zone by means of convectors, cooled

ceilings, floor cooling, embedded systems etc. to achieve room
DIN V 18599-7)
Electrical energy demand of fans of central HVAC unit (see
DIN V 18599-3)
20
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
5 Energy need for air conditioning

The energy need for air conditioning in a central HVAC unit (also termed “net energy”) is calculated on the
basis of the simulation characteristics described in DIN V 18599-3, taking into consideration the default values
given in 5.1.
5.1 Default values for HVAC system components
5.1.1 Fans
Table 3 shows default values for fans.
Table 3 — Default values for fans
Total pressure increase ∆ptot at an overall

Fans Specific power demand
efficiency ηtot = 60 % of the fan
SFP 4 (see DIN EN 13779) PSFP
PSFP = ∆ptot/ηtot
Exhaust air fans 1,250 kW/(m3/s) 750 Pa

Supply air fans with heating 1,600 kW/(m3/s) 960 Pa
Supply air fans, (partial) air
2,000 kW/(m3/s) 1 200 Pa
conditioning systems
If better values than those given in Table 3 can be used for calculating proof of energy efficiency, the SFP
value shall be proved as described in DIN EN 13779.
For systems with variable air volume, the quotient of the constant pressure and total pressure required for
calculations as described in DIN V 18599-3 is:
fp = 0,4 (1)
5.1.2 Heat recovery
Table 4 shows default values for heat recovery system solutions.
Table 4 — Default values for heat recovery system solutions

(interfaces to DIN V 18599-2 – usable gains)
Recovered heat Recovered moisture

Heat recovery coefficient coefficient
ηt, ϕ ηx, ψ
Fixed plate heat exchangers 0,5 –

Fixed plate heat exchangers – crossflow/counterflow 0,65 –
Compact integrated fluid circulation coil heat exchangers 0,4 –
High-efficiency coil counterflow heat exchangers with
0,7 –
integrated fluid circulation
Rotary heat exchangers without absorption material 0,7 0
Rotary heat exchangers with absorption material 0,7 0,7
21
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
If, for proof of energy performance, better values are to be used in planning, , this proof shall be provided in
accordance with DIN EN 308. Geothermal heat exchangers are to be assessed according to DIN V 18599-6
(with a factor of 1,4) when considering heating, but are to be disregarded when considering cooling.
5.2 Notes on selecting a room conditioning (HVAC) system
In the present document, it is not possible to make generally-valid statements on the limitation of temperature
differences between the supply air and indoor (room) air, nor is it possible to state limits for the supply air
volume flow.
The ventilation system shall ensure thermal comfort as defined in DIN EN 13779. The minimum and maximum
supply air temperatures and air-volume flows shall be defined and documented accordingly during planning.
Depending on the type of air-conditioning and ventilation system and the air circulation in the room, the
temperature difference between the supply air at the point where it leaves the air terminal device and the
mean room air temperature in the zone shall not be exceeded.
Table 5 — Default values for the supply air temperature difference per type of room conditioning
system (only to be used for proof of energy performance, not for design purposes)
Calculation values for the temperature difference

between the supply air at outlet
Ventilation system/air supply by: and the mean room set-point temperature
Cooling Heating
Turbulent flow, linear diffusors, swirl diffusors 8K 6K
Air grilles 6K 4K
Displacement air diffiusion 4K 2K
Jet nozzles 8K 8K
10 K 10 K
Induction system, fan coil with primary air
primary air primary air
Air-cooled cooled ceilings 10 K –
5.3 Energy need for the HVAC heating coils
The following equation provides a general method of calculating the energy need for the HVAC heating coils:
Qh*,b = Qvh,b + Qvh,ce + Qvh,d (2)
where
Qh*,b is the energy need for the heating coils
Qvh,b is the net heat of air conditioning (see DIN V 18599-3);
Qvh,ce is the loss of control and emission for the HVAC ventilation system (see 5.3.1);
Qvh,d is the loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system (see 5.3.2).
22
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
5.3.1 Loss of control and emission for the HVAC ventilation system (air circulation heat losses)
Due to the large variety of system designs, there are no standardized calculation procedures for control and
emission.
Where there are no guidelines for design dimension calculations, the calculations shall be carried out using
the constant factor ηvh,ce = 0,9.
Qvh,ce = (1 – ηvh,ce) ⋅ Qvh,b (3)
where
ηvh,ce is the efficiency of heat control and emission to the room – heating air circulation.
5.3.2 Loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system (air transport heat losses)
As long as the supply air temperature is only slightly (i.e. not more than 10 K) higher or lower than the room
set-point temperature, the heating energy demand for air distribution is accounted for as follows.
Air distribution within the thermal envelope (cooled/heated zone) of the building:
Qvh,d = 0 (from the overall energy balance aspect, the heat is to the benefit of the building)
If parts of the ductwork and equipment are installed outside of the thermal envelope (cooled/heated zone),
then these parts shall be evaluated in relation to the surface area assumed to be outside the envelope. In this
case, an insulating layer with a coefficient of thermal conductivity of at least 0,04 W/(m ⋅ K) and a thickness of
50 mm is assumed to be in place.
Qvh,d = fvh,d ⋅ AK,A ⋅ th*,op,mth/1 000 (4)
where
Qvh,d is the loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system, in kWh;
fvh,d is the heat loss coefficient for air distribution (heating), 16 W/m2;
AK,A is the surface area outside of the building, in m2;
th*,op,mth is the demand time of the HVAC heating system (in the respective month) (see 5.3.5).
Qvh,d for air-heating systems with supply air temperatures with ∆t > 10 K shall be calculated in a separate,
detailed, proof calculation conforming to the state of the art, and these calculations shall be documented.
5.3.3 Leakage rates
As long as the supply air temperature is only slightly (i.e. < 10 K) higher than the room set-point temperature,
the heat demand to compensate for ductwork leakage is assumed to be negligible.
The design specification value for air volume flow for the central ventilation unit is the sum of the air volume
flow requirements of all zones/utilization units. No additions are made to adjust for any leakages occurring
inside the thermal envelope. The balances of air heating systems with ∆t > 10 K shall be calculated in a
separate, detailed, proof calculation conforming to the state of the art, and these calculations shall be
documented.
23
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
5.3.4 Hot water system temperature for HVAC heating coils
For planning purposes, the supply temperature ϑh*,op of hot water for preheating and reheating in the HVAC
unit shall be specified as a mean value for each month. If no design data are available, the following default
value is assumed to apply:
ϑh* = 70/55 °C
5.3.5 Demand time of HVAC heating coils
The monthly demand time of the central heating coils of the HVAC system is calculated from the annual
demand time as follows:
t h *, op, mth = t H, r ⋅ b vh, mth / b vh, a (5)
if th*,op,mth > tRLT-Betrieb,mth, then th*,op, mth = tRLT-Betrieb,mth;
if th*,op, mth < 0,1 ⋅ t RLT-Betrieb,mth, then th*,op, mth = 0,1 ⋅ tRLT-Betrieb,mth
(from DIN V 18599-10)
bvh,month = Qvh,b / Q& *H (6)
12
bvh,a = ∑ bvh,month (7)
1
where
tH is the annual running time of the heating coils (see DIN V 18599-3);
Q&H,max is the maximum heating power of the HVAC system (see DIN V 18599-3);
bvh is the number of full utilization hours (monthly; annually).
5.4 Energy need for the cooling coils
The following equation provides a general method of calculating the energy need for the cooling coil:
Qc*,b = Qvc,b + Qvc,ce + Qvc,d (8)
where
Qc*,b is the energy need for the cooling coil;
Qvc,b is the net cooling energy of air conditioning (see DIN V 18599-3);
Qvc,ce is the loss of control and emission for the HVAC ventilation system (see 5.4.1);
Qvc,d is the loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system (see 5.4.2).
24
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
5.4.1 Heat demand for control and emission of air to the room (heat losses of air circulation)
When the air volume flow and the supply air temperatures are already defined at the planning stage as
functions of the ventilation system and the air transport and distribution modes, the essential energy-related
interdependencies are adequately described by these quantities. Where there are no guidelines for design
dimension calculations, the calculations shall be carried out using the constant factor ηvc,ce = 1:
Qvc,ce = (1 – ηvc,ce) ⋅ Qvc,b (9)
where
ηvc,ce is the efficiency of heat control and emission to the room (cooling-air transport and distribution).
5.4.2 Heat demand for air distribution (heat losses during air transport)
As long as the supply air temperature is only slightly (i.e. not more than –10 K) lower than the room set-point
temperature, the heat demand for air distribution is accounted for as follows.
Air distribution within the thermal envelope of the building:
Qvc,d = 0
Air distribution outside of the thermal envelope:
If parts of the ductwork and equipment are installed outside of the thermal envelope, then these parts shall be
evaluated in relation to the surface area assumed to be outside the envelope. In this case, an insulating layer
with a coefficient of thermal conductivity of at least λ 0,04 W/(m · K) and a thickness of 50 mm is assumed to
be in place.
Qvc,d = f vc,d ⋅ AK,A ⋅ tC*,op,mth / 1 000 (10)
where
Qvc,d is the loss of distribution for the HVAC ventilation system, in kWh;
fvc,d is the factor for cooling, 9 W/m2;
AK,A is the air duct surface area outside of the building, in m2;
tC*,op,mth is the demand time for HVAC cooling (in the respective month) (see 5.4.3).
As long as the supply air temperature is only slightly (< –10 K) lower than the room set-point temperature, the
heat demand to compensate for ductwork leakage can be neglected.
The design specification value for air volume flow for the central ventilation unit is the sum of the air volume
flow requirements of all zones/utilization units. No additions to adjust for possible leakage are made.
5.4.3 Demand time for HVAC cooling coils
The monthly demand time of the central cooling coils of the HVAC system is calculated from the annual
demand time as follows:
tC*,op,mth = tC,r · bVC*,mth/bVC*,a (11)
25
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
bVC*,mth = Qvc*,b/ Q& C*,max (12)
12
bVC*,a = ∑ bVC*,mth (13)
1
where
tC,r is the relative annual running time of the cooling coil (see DIN V 18599-3);
Q& C*,max is the maximum cooling power of the HVAC system (see DIN V 18599-3);
bVC* is the number of full HVAC cooling utilization hours (monthly; annually).
5.5 Cooling energy need, room conditioning (cooling)
The energy need for cooling in the building zone, Qc,b, is calculated as specified in DIN V 18599-2.
5.5.1 Room conditioning demand time
The room conditioning demand time is calculated as described in DIN V 18599-2, Annex D.
In the calculations, a seasonal operating mode with a minimum utilization βc,grenz = 0,15 is used as a default
value for the monthly cooling time tC,op. For demand-oriented space cooling, the calculations as described in
DIN V 18599-2 shall be carried out using the minimum utilization factors given in Table 6.
Table 6 — Minimum utilization factor for demand-oriented space cooling
Minimum utilization factor

Air conditioning system βc,grenz
Additional room conditioning in combination with external air

conditioning system (e.g. air-to-water air conditioners or room air 0,6
conditioners with additional external air conditioning system)
Room conditioning without an external air conditioning system
(e.g. room air conditioning systems with window airing, fan 0,3
convectors with window airing)
5.6 Energy need for humidification
The energy need for central air humidification is generally calculated for the following two cases:
⎯ air humidification with water (spray humidifier, drip humidifier, contact humidifier),
⎯ air humidification with steam (generated electrically, with gas, oil or district heating steam)
using simulation characteristics in the following relationship:
Qm*,b = Qvm,b (14)
where
26
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Qm*,b is the net steam energy for the steam generator;
Qvm,b is the net steam/net moisture for air conditioning.
In the case of air humidification with water, the required heat energy demand is already included in the
simulation characteristics for the process dealing with the energy need for the heating coil.
A simplified method is to be used for control, emission and generation in connection with air humidification
with steam (see 7.2).
6 Control and emission, distribution and storage
6.1 Heating for ventilation systems
The generator heat output Qh*,outg for the HVAC heating function is calculated using the method described in
DIN V 18599-5. Direct-fired central air conditioning plants are not dealt with in this document.
6.2 (Net) refrigeration energy output
The (net) refrigeration energy output for the HVAC cooling function and the (net) refrigeration energy output
for the room conditioning system are calculated separately for each type of energy required, and the values
are subsequently added together for the respective distribution systems and generation units.
6.2.1 Cold for the HVAC system
The general equation for calculating the refrigeration energy output for cooling of the HVAC system is:
Qc*,outg = Qc*,b + Qc*,ce + Qc*,d + Qc*,s (15)
where
Qc*,outg is the refrigeration energy output for air conditioning to the HVAC system;
Qc*,b is the net energy for the cooling coil as described in 5.4;
Qc*,ce is the cooling energy loss of control and emission, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC
system;
Qc*,d is the cooling energy loss of distribution, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC system;
Qc*,s is the cooling energy loss of storage, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC system.
If the simplified cooling calculation procedure is used, the individual components are evaluated as shown in
Table 7.
Qc*,ce = ((1 – ηc*,ce) + (1 – ηc*,ce,sens))·Qc*,b (16)
where
Qc*,ce is the cooling energy loss of control and emission, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC
system
ηc*,ce is the efficiency of cooling control and emission for HVAC (constant);
27
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
ηc*,ce,sens is the sensible efficiency of cooling control and emission (HVAC). This takes into account un-
desirable dehumidification in existent air-cooling equipment. This effect is not accounted for in
the simulation characteristic values according to DIN V 18599-3.
Qc*,d = (1 – ηc*,d) ⋅ Qc*,b (17)
where
Qc*,d is the cooling energy loss of distribution, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC system
ηc*,d is the efficiency of distribution;
Qc*,s = 0 cooling energy loss of storage, air conditioning cooling for the HVAC system (18)
In cases where combinations of air-cooling and dehumidification are integrated in the HVAC unit, or room
conditioning with chilled water systems (with a dehumidification option) or individual room air conditioners are
used, the more unfavourable (lower) factor ηc*,ce,sens of the room conditioning and HVAC cooling shall be
applied once only for HVAC cooling (external air). For room conditioning, ηc,ce,sens = 1 shall be applied in such
cases.
Table 7 — Factors for cooling, HVAC system (mean annual value)
Cooling system ηc*,ce,sens ηc*,ce ηc*,d
without
Moisture demand none with tolerance
tolerance
0,95 (pipes inside building)
Chilled water 6/12 0,87 0,94 1 0,90
Chilled water 14/18 1 1 1 0,90
Chilled water 18/20 1 1 1 1,0 1,0
Direct expansion 0,87 0,94 1 0,90
Other intermediate values for the chilled water input temperature shall be interpolated.
If multiple generator circuits are involved, the refrigeration energy output for the HVAC cooling function shall
be calculated separately for each cooling generator system and the delivered energy evaluation subsequently
carried out as described in 7.1.
6.2.2 Cooling energy supply for room conditioning
The general equation for calculating the refrigeration energy output for cooling for room conditioning is:
Qc,outg = Qc,b + Qc,ce + Qc,d + Qc,s (19)
where
Qc,outg is the refrigeration energy output to the room conditioning system;
Qc,b is the net energy for room conditioning according to 5.5;
Qc,ce is the cooling energy loss of control and emission for the room conditioning system;
28
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Qc,d is the cooling energy loss of distribution for the room conditioning system;
Qc,s is the cooling energy loss of storage for the room conditioning system.
Within the framework of the simplified cooling calculation procedure, the individual components are evaluated
as shown in Table 8:
Qc,ce = ((1 – ηc,ce) + (1 – ηc,ce,sens)) ⋅ Qc,b (20)
where
Qc,ce is the cooling energy loss of control and emission for the cooling system
ηc,ce is the efficiency of control and emission of cooling to the room conditioning system (see
Table 8);
ηc,ce,sens is the sensible efficiency of control and emission to the room conditioning system (see
Table 8). This takes into account the undesirable dehumidification in existent air-cooling
equipment.
Qc,d = (1 – ηc,d) ⋅ Qc,b (21)
where
Qc,d is the cooling energy loss of distribution for the cooling system
ηc,d is the efficiency of the distribution (see Table 8).
Qc,s = 0 (22)
where
Qc,s is the cooling loss of storage for the cooling system.
Table 8 — Factors (mean annual values) for room conditioning
Cooling system ηc,ce,sens ηc,ce ηc,d
Chilled water 6/12 0,87 1,00 0,90

Chilled water 8/14
0,90 1,00 0,90
(e.g. fan coils)
Chilled water 14/18
1,00 1,00 1,00
(e.g. fan coils, induction)
Chilled water 16/18
1,00 1,00 1,00
(e.g. cooled ceiling)
Chilled water 18/20
1,00 0,90 1,00
(e.g. embedded systems)
0,90
Direct expansion 0,87 1,00 = 1 if it has already been
accounted for in the machine
Other intermediate values for the chilled water input temperature shall be interpolated.
29
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
If multiple generator circuits are involved, the refrigeration energy output for the room conditioning system
shall be calculated separately for each cooling generator system and the delivered energy evaluated as
described in 7.1. Non-dedicated internal heat from the cooling system is negligible and is not taken into
account in the following.
6.3 Auxiliary energy for room conditioning
The electrical energy demand Qc,ce,aux of secondary air fans for room conditioning is calculated in relation to
the type of device and the individual device designs. The specified energy demand refers to devices with
multi-stage speed control (based on 1 000 hours operation of the fan convectors and 500 full cooling system
utilization hours).
Qc,ce,aux = fc,ce,aux ⋅ Qc,outg ⋅ tC,op/1 000 h (23)
where
fc,ce,aux is the specific energy demand of the secondary air fans;
Qc,outg is the refrigeration energy output for room conditioning (see 6.2.2);
tC,op is the room conditioning demand time (see 5.5.1).
Table 9 — Default values for the specific energy demand of fans

for room conditioning
Rated power fc,ce,aux

kW/kW kWh/kWh
Room air conditioners: DX internal units with air distribution via ducts
0,030 0,060
and individual air vents
Room air conditioners: DX internal units with ceiling cassettes 0,020 0,040
Room air conditioners: DX internal units, wall and parapet-mounted
0,020 0,040
units
Chilled-water fan coils, parapet and ceiling-mounted units
0,020 0,040
Chilled water 6 °C
Chilled-water fan coils, parapet and ceiling-mounted units
0,035 0,070
Chilled water 14 °C
Chilled-water fan coils, ceiling-mounted units with air distribution via
ducts 0,040 0,080
Chilled water 14 °C
For other designs (e.g. precision air conditioners, etc.) the respective manufacturer’s specifications shall be
used. The electrical power of the fans shall be derived from the cooling power (nominal data) and their energy
demand evaluated on the basis of 1 000 operating hours.
6.4 Steam for humidification
If there no known methods for calculating the generator heat output for the steam supply to the HVAC system,
the generator heat output can be calculated using the following simplified equation:
Qm*,outg = Qm*,b + Qm*,ce + Qm*,d (24)
where
30
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Qm*,outg is the generator heat output for steam supply;
Qm*,b is the energy of steam (water-vapour) humidification (see 5.6);
Qm*,ce = 0 is the heat output of control and emission for water vapour supply;
Qm*,d = 0 is the heat output of distribution for water vapour supply.
6.5 Auxiliary energy for cooling-water and chilled water distribution
6.5.1 Electrical energy demand
Table 10 shows the parameters for the electrical energy demand for cooling and chilled water distribution
31
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 10 — Essential parameters for the electrical energy demand of cooling and chilled water
networks
Parameter Chilled-water network Cooling-water network
Refrigeration Refrigeration capacity ( Q& ) of chillers Refrigeration capacity (Q& c,outg )
c,outg
Energy efficiency ratio EER or heat ratio of the

chiller
Control of the Distribution of refrigeration capacity Q& c,outg Distribution of refrigeration capacity Q& c,outg
chiller
among the chillers and partial shut-down of among the chillers and partial shut-down of
individual evaporators individual condensers
Control of chillers in part-load operation Control of chillers in part-load operation
Use of cold storage systems Control strategy for chiller, cooling tower fan and
pump
Minimum water quantity of the evaporator Minimum water quantity of the condenser
Distribution of Temperature difference input/output Temperature difference input/output
the fluid Pressure losses Pressure losses
– longest water paths – longest water paths
– tubing cross-sections – tubing cross-sections
– fittings and valves, heat exchangers – fittings and valves, heat exchangers
– hydraulic adjustment of distribution system – design type (open or closed)
Cooling media (e.g. water, glycol etc.) Heat transfer media (e.g. water, glycol etc.)
Pump Design qualitya Design quality
selection Pump type and efficiency Pump type and efficiency
Use of controlled or uncontrolled pumps Use of controlled or uncontrolled pumps
Type of pump control Type of pump control
Design of the Assignment of chillers to distribution circuits Assignment of chillers to cooling tower
distribution Single-circuit or dual-circuit system (with primary
circuitb and secondary circuits)
Distribution of user circuits corresponding to the
cooling demand (cooling section or zone control)
Creating a hydraulic adjustment among consumers
Fluid mixing and overflows in the distribution circuit
Operating Cooling load hours of the building Chiller operating hours
time/load Pump shut-down when no cooling is required: – Pump shut-down (via the chiller) when no
profiles – by sections: Central HVAC and building zones cooling is required
– by periods: seasonal as well as night-time and – Using the cooling tower for free convection
weekend shut-down or reductionc of power cooling
Integration into building automation Integration into building automation
Power control Mass flow control with Mass flow control with
in distribution – two-way throttle valves or – two-way throttle valves or
circuit – three-way diverter valves or – controlled pump
– controlled pump
Temperature control by three-way mixing valves Temperature control by three-way mixing valves
Interaction between controls of the cold consumers Interaction of controls of the cooling tower and the
and the pump pump
Other auxiliary Pumps for Circulation spray pumps
energy – air humidification
– indirect evaporation cooling
Pumps for integrated fluid circulation in heat Frost-protection heating
recovery systems
Pressure maintenance and degassing systems Water preparation, dosing pumps
Condensate pumps
Electromotoric valves, electrothermal valves
a Deviation of the operating point from the design point.
b The system design affects the required pump power, the operating time and the pump control options.
c Intermittent operation.
32
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Key
PRI = primary circuit, CVS = central ventilation system, BCS = building cooling systems,
subscript d = distribution
Figure 8 — Procedure for calculating the pump energy demand for cooling-water and chilled water
The calculation methods for determining the electrical energy demand shall be take into account for every
pump distribution circuit in the system on the basis of the nominal cooling load of the calculation zones of the
building (BCS) or the central ventilation system (CVS). In these calculations, the respective refrigeration or
cooling capacity of the distribution circuit being evaluated as well as the operating time and the associated
cold or cooling energy per time period (taking the values from DIN V 18599-2 and DIN V 18599-3) are used.
The chilled water distribution circuits are designated “cooling zones” in the following and are identified by the
subscript “Z”. In many cases the chilled-water distribution in the building zones is achieved by one central
cooling supply unit (Z) serving several zones (e.g. in primary and secondary circuits. Where this is the case,
the refrigeration capacity (e.g. Q& c or Q& c * ) and cold energy demand (e.g. Qc or Qc*) of the individual zones
served by the cooling supply unit (Z) shall be summed up. The required pump operating time within the
cooling supply unit (Z) is assumed to be equal to the maximum time during which cooling is required.
6.5.1.1 Electrical energy demand of distribution
The annual electrical energy demand is determined as the sum of the energy demands over the periods under
consideration. The time periods (e.g. annual balance method = 1 year, monthly balance method = 12 months)
are indicated by the subscript “l”:
n
QZ,aux,d,a = ∑ QZ,aux, d,l (25)
l =1
33
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
QZ,aux,d,a is the annual electrical energy demand of the cooling zone in kWh per year;
QZ,aux,d,l is the annual electrical energy demand of the cooling zone per time period, in kWh/time
period;
n is the number of corresponding time periods in one year.
The electrical energy demand for operating the chilled-water and cooling-water distribution systems can be
determined, in a simplified form, on the basis of the hydraulic requirements and an expenditure factor for
evaluating the pump operation:
QZ,aux,d,l = Wd,hydr,l ⋅ ed,l (26)
where
Wd,hydr,l is the hydraulic energy requirement per time period, in kWh;
ed,l is the expenditure factor for distribution within the time period.
6.5.2 Hydraulic energy requirement for distribution
The hydraulic energy requirement of chilled-water and cooling-water distribution systems within a specific time
period is determined separately for every pump distribution circuit in the system on the basis of the hydraulic
power at the design point, the pump operating time and the mean distribution load within the time period.
Pd,hydr
Wd,hydr,l = ⋅ td, l ⋅ β d, l ⋅ f adj (27)
1 000
where
Pd,hydr is the hydraulic power of the cooling zone at the design point, in W;
td,l is the pump operating time within the time period, in h;
βd,l is the mean distribution load within the time period;
fadj is the correction factor for hydraulic adjustment (see 6.5.2.5).
The hydraulic power at the design point is calculated by the equation:
V&Z
Pd,hydr = 1 000 ⋅ ∆pZ ⋅ (28)
3 600 s
h
where
V&Z is the volume flow of the cooling zone at the design point, in m3/h;
∆pZ is the pressure loss across the cooling zone at the design point, in kPa.
34
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The volume flow at the design point is calculated from the refrigeration capacity, from the temperature
difference between flow and return pipe and from the physical properties of the cooling medium used in the
distribution circuit.
3 600 s ⋅ Q& Z
V&Z = h (29)
∆ϑZ,cl ⋅ ccl ⋅ ρ cl
where
Q& Z is the rated cooling or refrigeration capacity of the cooling zone at the design point, in kW;
∆ϑZ,cl is the temperature difference between flow and return pipe of the cooling zone at the design
point, in K;
ccl is the specific heat capacity of the cooling medium (coolant) in kJ/kg · K;
ρcl is the density of the cooling medium, in kg/m3.
In the case of water-cooled chillers, the capacity for recooling is calculated by means of equation (61) or (62)
using Q& Z = Q& R,outg .
The heat energy in the recooling circuit is calculated using the equation
⎛ 1 ⎞
QZ = QC,outg ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎟ (30)
⎝ SEER ⎠
where
QC,outg is the cold energy output of the chiller (in the respective month), in kWh (see .7.1.1);
SEER is the annual cooling energy efficiency ratio of compressor-type refrigeration units; in the case of
absorption chillers, ζav is used (see 7.1.2).
6.5.2.1 Pressure loss at the design point
The pressure loss (∆p) at the design point is a function of the resistance of the pipework (with various
individual resistances) and the supplementary resistance fractions. The pressure loss is determined for the
most unfavourable supply line section or the most unfavourable consumer connected to the circuit. In the case
of known system parameters, the calculations can be carried out in detail for the pipework. As an alternative,
realistic estimated values of the individual resistances are used for the approximation method.
∆pZ = R ⋅ Lmax ⋅ (1 + z ) + ∑ ∆pi (31)
where
R is the pressure loss along the piping, in kPa/m;
Lmax is the maximum pipe length in the distribution circuit, in m;
z is the fraction of the individual resistances in the pipe friction loss;
∆pZ is the pressure loss across the cooling zone at the design point, in kPa;
35
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
∆pi are the pressure losses across the components in the distribution circuit.
6.5.2.2 Approximation values for ∆p
The approximation values given below for pressure losses across individual components shall be used in
equation (31) according to the design of the respective distribution circuit. The values given are guide values
for use in planning. In all cases, a minimum and a maximum dimension value will be defined for design
specifications, these being determined by the targeted investment and operating costs.
Friction losses in pipes depend on the length and type of distribution networks (network topology) as well as
on the mean flow rates and the smoothness of the internal surfaces of the pipes. Approximation values which
can be assumed for the specific pressure loss R in kPa/m and the additional share of individual flow
resistances z are shown in Table 11:
Table 11 — Specific pressure loss R in kPa/m

and additional share of individual flow resistances z in pipework
Specific pressure loss R, in kPa/m 0,25

Share of individual resistances z 0,3
The maximum length of piping in cooling circuits, primary circuits and distribution circuits of chilled water
pipework is a function of twice the distance between the cold source (e.g. chiller or heat exchanger) and the
respective heat emission components at the cold consumers.
For a rectangular building, the maximum pipe length of chilled-water distribution circuits can be approximated
using the external dimensions (see also DIN V 18599-5, Annex B, and DIN V 18599-1):
⎛ W ⎞
Lmax = 2 ⋅ ⎜ L + + hS ⋅ nS + 10 ⎟ (32)
⎝ 2 ⎠
where
L is the length of the building, in m;
W is the width of the building, in m;
hS is the average storey height, in m;
nS is the number of storeys.
Approximation values which can be assumed for pressure losses across components in distribution circuits
are shown in Table 12.
36
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 12 — Assumed values for pressure losses

across components in distribution circuits
Pressure loss
Components
in kPa
Plate evaporator 40
Tube evaporator ∆pEXS 30
Condenser 45
Cooling tower, closed circuit 35
∆pCT
open circuit 35
Heat exchanger water/water ∆pEX 50
Hydraulic transfer ∆ptr 5
Non-return valve ∆pNRV 5

Central cooling coil 35
Central heating coil 20
∆pEXC
Induction unit 35
Cooled ceiling, cooling convector 35
Shut-off valve, OPEN/SHUT 10
Throttle valve, continuous control see equation (33)
∆pCV
Valve authority, a = 0,4
Three-way valve, deviation 10
The equation for determining the pressure loss across a continuous-control throttle valve is:
a
∆pCV,continious = ⋅ ∆pEXC (33)
(1 − a )
These assumed values apply to water at 10 °C with ν ≈ 1,5 mm2/s. If cooling media of viscosity ν > 4 mm2/s
or ice slurry are used, then the pressure losses in the distribution networks and heat exchangers shall be
determined separately. Calculation of the pressure losses of control valves for line balancing is only really
possible in the course of detail planning.
6.5.2.3 Pump operating times
The demand times for air cooling in the central ventilation systems and the demand times for pumps which are
operated at the same times as the chiller (recooling of the condenser and the primary circuit pump in the
evaporator circuit) are determined as monthly values for each utilization unit or zone according to subclause
5.4.3. The building cooling demand times from the balance procedure in 5.5.1 are determined as described in
Annex D of DIN V 18599-2. The operating times of the pumps in the cooling zones depend on the system
design concept and may exceed the determined demand times for cooling in the zones. This may be the case,
for instance, if there are no technical provisions for demand-controlled switching of the pumps, or if an
uninterrupted supply of cooling energy (in order to keep the circuit at a low temperature) is required.
37
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
If several different utilization units or building zones are served by one and the same distribution circuit, then
the operating times of the pumps in this distribution circuit are based on the zone with the maximum demand
time. The respective cooling or refrigeration energy required is the sum of the individual energy needed for the
utilization units/zones.
Four operating modes can be distinguished. Operating mode 1 applies to fully demand-controlled operation,
operating modes 2 to 4 apply to supply-controlled operation (see Table 13 below).
Table 13 — Operating modes
Minimum requirements for

Operating modes Operating time
implementing the operating mode
Pumps switched on and off in
Fully-automated, demand- td,l = tc*,op,l or tc,op,l relation to the current cooling
1
controlled operation demand (e.g. via control processes
or building automation systems)
External switching on and off of the
Seasonal shut-down, td,l = dm ⋅ (24 – tNi – 0,15 ⋅ tWe) pumps by superimposed services
2 night-time and
(for time period l = 1 month) (e.g. chillers, time switches or
weekend shut-down
building automation systems)
Seasonal shut-down in the td,l = dm ⋅ 24 External switching on and off of the
3 months without cooling pumps (e.g. manually or
demand (for time period l = 1 month) automatically)
td,l = 8 760 h
Year-round pump operation (for time period l = 1 year)
4 (even when no demand ⎯
exists)a td,l = dm ⋅ 24
(for time period l = 1 montha)
Where
tc*,l or tc,l is the time during which there is a cooling demand in the zones, in h;
— is the central air cooling system (CVS): the demand times tc*,op,l (see 5.4.3);
— is the building cooling (BCS): the demand times tc,op,l (see 5.5.1);
tNi is the number of night-time shut-down hours per day, in h/d;
tWe is the number of shut-down hours per weekend, without night-time shut-down, in h/w;
dm is the number of days per month, in d/m.
a The resulting energy demand in the months without cooling demand shall be determined for the minimum volume flow which has to
be maintained in the distribution circuit (see equation (35) with β ′d,l = 0).
6.5.2.4 Mean distribution load
The mean distribution load βd is calculated for every pump distribution circuit or zone in the system on the
basis of the refrigeration capacity at the design point, the cold energy within the zone and the operating time
within the respective time period:
QZ,outg, l
β d, l = & (34)
QZ ⋅ td, l
where
38
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Q& Z is the rated cooling or refrigeration capacity of the zone at the design point, in kW;
QZ,outg,l is the cold energy demand of the zone, in kWh/(time period).
⎯ For example,.the annual cold energy demand of the HVAC system (Qc*,outg); monthly
values are calculated according to 6.2.1.
⎯ For example, the monthly cold energy demand (Qc,outg) of building cooling systems (BCS) is
determined according to 6.2.2.
⎯ See 7.1 for the annual cold energy demand of the refrigeration unit/chiller.
If overflow devices (e.g. valves, pipes etc.) are installed in the distribution circuit1), then their effect on the
mean hydraulic demand shall be assessed using the following equation:
β d,
′ l in relation to the determined mean load
&
β d, l = β d, (
′ l + 1 − β d,) VZ,V&min
′l ⋅ (35)
Z
where
V&Z, min is the minimum volume flow in the distribution circuit, in m3/h;
V&Z is the volume flow of the cooling zone at the design point, in m3/h, as calculated by equation
(29).
The minimum volume flow shall be calculated on the basis of the requirements of the cooling zone or, where
applicable, of the overpressure relief valve in the consumer circuit2).
In the case of hydraulic separation of the primary circuit3) or the use of deflection valves in the consumer
circuit, a value of βd= 1 can be assumed to apply to the associated supply pumps.
6.5.2.5 Correction factor fadj for hydraulic adjustment
⎯ For networks with hydraulic adjustment, factor fadj = 1.
⎯ For networks without hydraulic adjustment, factor fadj = 1,25.
6.5.3 Expenditure factor for pump operation
The operating behaviour of the pumps installed in the system is evaluated using the expenditure factor for
chilled-water distribution within the time period under consideration:
1) For example, for ensuring a constant water flow to the evaporator or for limiting the pressure loss across the heat
exchanger at the consumer or for ensuring an permanent cooling supply to the network (keeping low temperature
level).
2) The respective function of the overflow valve is a function of the interaction of the system pressure loss, the pump
characteristic and the valve activation pressure.
3) For example. via a hydraulic decoupling line valve or a storage device connected in parallel.
39
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
(
ed, l = f e ⋅ CP 1 + CP 2 ⋅ β d,l −1 ) (36)
where
fe is the efficiency factor of the pump;
CP1, CP2 are constants to take into account pump power control methods, taken from Table 14.
By integrating these factors, the expenditure factor accounts for the essential factors affecting the annual
electrical power demand of a pump, as derived from the pump size, its efficiency and its partial load and
control characteristics.
6.5.3.1 Efficiency factor fe of the pump
The efficiency factor takes into account the overall efficiency of the pump and is the reciprocal value of the
product of the pump efficiency (hydraulic part) and the efficiency of the driving motor. If the electrical power of
the pump at the design point is known, the following applies:
PPump
fe = (37)
Pd,hydr
where
PPump is the electrical power of the pump at the design point.
If the pump data are not known, then the following assumption can be made:
⎛ ⎛ 200 ⎞
0,5 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
f e = ⎜1,25 + ⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⋅ f Adap ⋅ b (38)
⎜ ⎜ Pd,hydr ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠
where
fadap is the correction factor for adaptation to the operating point;
b is the evaluation factor for the building category: existing buildings: b = 1,2,
new construction: b = 1,0.
The assumption values for fe from equation (38) apply to:
⎯ radial centrifugal pumps (with motors of efficiency class 1 at the rated design point of the pump. If the
pump is not operated at the rated design point or if the hydraulic part of the pump and the motor are not
matched correctly, the values of fe are higher);
⎯ maximum pressure losses ∆p ≤ 0,6 bar for Phydr < 0,2 kW; ∆p ≤ 1,5 bar for 0,2 kW ≤ Phydr ≤ 0,5 kW; or
∆p ≤ 4,0 bar for Phydr > 0,5 kW;
⎯ water at 20 °C with ν ≈ 1,0 mm2/s.
If cooling media of viscosity ν > 4 mm2/s or ice slurry are used, then the assumed values for fe shall be
determined separately. For cooling media with 4 mm2/s ≤ ν ≤ 40 mm2/s, an adapted value of fe can be
calculated for the pump types and heads mentioned above:
40
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
with f ′e as obtained by equation (39)

⎛ ⎛ ⎞
0,4 ⎞
⎜ ν 2cl ⎟
f e = f e′ ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎜ ⎟
⎟ (39)
⎜ ⎜⎝ 16 ⋅ Pd,hydr ⎟
⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
where
νcl is the kinematic viscosity of the cooling medium, in mm2/s.
6.5.3.2 Correction factor fadap for adaptation:
The adaptation correction factor accounts for the power demand of the pump at the actual operating point.
This takes into consideration the differences between the power demand of the pump as installed and an
optimally adapted pump at design operating conditions. The actual operating point of the pump is always
related to the volume flow at the design point. For pumps which cannot be adapted, there will be more or less
large differences between the actual operating point and the design point. An adaptable pump can normally
be adjusted to achieve design point values more closely.
⎯ known/optimally adapted pump: fadap = 1,0.
If the pump data are not known, then the following assumption can be made:
⎯ for standard pumps: fadap = 1,2;
⎯ for pumps adapted by speed control: fadap = 1,05.
6.5.3.3 Pump power control during operation
The energy demand can be reduced considerably be adjusting the pump power to match the hydraulic
demand of distribution circuits with variable air volume requirements. The pump control can be achieved by:
⎯ internal speed controls (e.g. ∆p = constant or ∆p = variable);
⎯ external speed controls;
⎯ partial switching on and off of pumps operated in parallel (e.g. dual pumps).
Table 14 shows values for CP1 and CP2 as given in equation (36). These coefficients account for pump power
reduction in uncontrolled and controlled pump operation.
Table 14 — Values of CP1 and CP2 in relation to the pump operating mode
Pump operating mode

Constants
controlled uncontrolled
CP1 0,25 0,85
CP2 0,75 0,15
41
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
6.5.3.4 Switching of pumps in parallel-pump installations
In distribution circuits with variable air volume demands and flat system characteristic curves, the use of
pumps connected in parallel (e.g. dual pumps) can achieve reasonably good partial load adaptation. In such
distribution circuits, switching individual pumps on and off in relation to the demand can reduce the energy
demand considerably. In distribution circuits in which the values of βd are lower than 0,7, the coefficients given
in Table 14 for controlled pump operation can be used to determine the expenditure factor for volume flow
adaptation by switching parallel pumps on and off.
6.6 Other forms of auxiliary energy (ancillary drives)
6.6.1 Pump heating coils
Additional pumps installed in preheating and reheating coils are not dealt with in the present document.
6.6.2 Pumps and drives for heat recovery
6.6.2.1 Pumps in integrated fluid circulation systems
The annual electrical energy demand Qhr,f,aux of the pump in an integrated fluid circulation system can be
calculated using a procedure analogous to that described in 6.5.
As an alternative, the following simplified method can be applied for each utilization unit/zone of the respective
HVAC system.
Qhr,f,aux,a = Pel,av,KVS ⋅ tWRG /1 000 (40)
with
Pel,av,KVS = VAußenluft ⋅ 0,03 W/m3/h, for uncontrolled pumps;
Pel,av,KVS = VAußenluft ⋅ 0,015 W/m3/h, for pumps with speed control;
where
Qhr,f,aux,a is the annual auxiliary energy demand for heat recovery, in kWh;
tWRG is the operating time of the heat recovery pump as given in DIN V 18599-3, Annex B;
VAußenluft is the design external air volume flow of the heat recovery system (generally V&Zu,mech ).
6.6.2.2 Rotor drive
The annual auxiliary energy demand for driving the rotor of a rotary heat exchanger is calculated as follows:
Qhr,f,aux,a = Pel,av,rot ⋅ tWRG/1 000 (41)
42
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 15 — Electrical power for rotor drives
Design external air volume flow Effective electrical power,

of heat recovery system rotor drive
VAußenluft Pel,av,rot
m3/h W
up to 7 500 90
> 7 500 up to 25 000 180
> 25 000 up to 65 000 370
> 65 000 750
The rotor operating time for heat recovery shall be according to 6.6.2.1.
6.6.2.3 Heat pumps
It is not possible to calculate heat pump balances by the simplified method. For systems with heat pumps, the
simulation values shall be determined individually as described in DIN V 18599-3, and the corresponding
electrical energy demand shall be calculated correspondingly. These methods are then applied to calculate
Qhr,f,aux.
6.6.3 Water humidifier pumps
The annual auxiliary energy demand Qmh,f,aux for water humidifier pumps is calculated on the basis of the
following default values for HVAC system operating times and the equation:
Qmh,f,aux,a = VAußenluft ⋅ Pel,mh ⋅ tVB ⋅ fmh/1 000 (42)
where
Qmh,f,aux,a is the annual auxiliary energy demand for water humidifier pumps, in kWh;
Pel,mh is the specific power demand of the pumps of the water humidifiers per m3/h air volume flow
(see Table 16);
tVB is the air humidification operating time, calculated as described in DIN V 18599-3;
fmh is the partial load factor for humidification control;
VAußenluft is the design external air volume flow of the humidification system (generally V&Zu,mech ).
43
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 16 — Default values for water humidifiers (mean annual values)
Power Control factor Control factor

Control Pel,mh fmh fmh
W/m3/h 6 g/kg 8 g/kg
Contact and drip uncontrolled and

0,01 1 1
humidifiers valve-controlled
uncontrolled 0,20 1 1
valve control 0,20 1 1
Spray humidifiers pulsed (proportionally
0,20 0,35 0,50
ON/OFF)
speed control 0,20 0,20 0,30
High-pressure
speed control or pulsed 0,04 0,35 0,50
humidifiers
Hybrid humidifiers pulsed 0,02 0,35 0,50
If detailed plans of the humidification equipment are available, the electrical energy demand of the humidifier
pumps can be calculated as described in 6.5.
6.6.4 Electrical energy demand for central HVAC unit controls
Due to the wide variety of different systems and the strong interaction with the building automation and control
systems, the electrical demand for central HVAC unit controls is not dealt with in this document.
7 Delivered energy for refrigeration and steam generation
7.1 Energy use for refrigeration
The energy use for refrigeration is calculated on the basis of specific characteristic values which depend on
both the technology used and the usage of the system. These characteristic values as calculated on the basis
of hourly values of energy need are summarized in tabular form in Annex A. These characteristic value
methods are based on the climatic conditions as determined for the test reference year 05 (1986 edition;
reference station Würzburg, Germany). The following parameters need to be known in order to be able to
calculate the delivered energy for the refrigeration system:
⎯ refrigeration energy output for air conditioning in connection with the HVAC system/room conditioning
system as described in 6.2;
⎯ type of refrigeration unit;
⎯ type of refrigerant used;
⎯ type of compressor used and the associated partial load controls;
⎯ net temperature level;
⎯ type of recooling used and the associated partial load controls;
⎯ type of building usage as defined in DIN V 18599-10.
44
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Using the characteristic value method it is possible to calculate the delivered auxiliary energy for compressor-
type refrigeration units and the delivered thermal energy for absorption chillers, including the use of auxiliary
energy for recooling. The following types of refrigerating equipment systems (except for those marked grey in
the table) shall be modelled using the characteristic value method (see Table 17 below).
Table 17 — Overview of refrigeration systems modelled using the characteristic value method
Absorption
Compressor-type refrigeration units
chillers
Water-cooled Air-cooled Water-cooled
Direct systems
Indirect systems Direct systems Indirect systems
Indirect systems (direct-evaporation
(water-cooled (direct-evaporation (absorption
(air cooled chillers) units, room air-
chillers) units) chillers)
conditioners)
Wet Dry Wet Dry Compact Split Individual Multiple Wet Dry
coolers coolers coolers coolers design design systems systems coolers coolers
Piston and scroll Piston and scroll Piston and scroll Split Multi-split
compressors compressors compressors system system H2O/LiBr
absorption
Compact refrigerating
Screw and turbo Screw and turbo VRF
Screw compressors air-condi- systems
compressors compressors system
tioner
The characteristic value method is suitable for evaluating a wide variety of conventional refrigeration
equipment. For all types of system not covered by the characteristic value method and for detailed energy
studies (e.g. the use of cooling storage, distribution of loads among multiple refrigeration units), the detailed
method as described in Annex B shall be used. In such cases, the required refrigeration energy output shall
be determined using a suitable method applicable for one-hour interval calculations on the basis of hourly
energy need values. The energy use of the refrigeration unit and recooling process shall then be determined
in detail in a separate proof calculation. The results shall be identified as such, and the facts and boundary
conditions on which the respective model has been based shall be documented separately.
Furthermore, it is also possible to evaluate the energy characteristics of refrigeration processes not covered
by the characteristic value method using the values of a type of refrigeration unit which has less favourable
characteristics. To do this, a refrigeration unit with a less favourable partial load behaviour and lower part load
values per partial load stage as given in Tables B.3 or B.4 shall be chosen.
Generally, the energy use for cooling is the sum of the energy use of the refrigeration unit and the energy use
of the recooling process.
In these calculations, the energy use of the refrigeration unit shall be distinguished either as the delivered
electrical energy for compressor-type systems or delivered thermal energy for absorption refrigeration
systems. Only electrical energy is required as the delivered energy for recooling equipment.
The energy use for cooling shall be calculated individually for each planned refrigeration unit in relation to the
cooling service zoning (i.e. cooled sectors). The cooled sector does not necessarily correspond to the zoning
of the building as defined in DIN V 18599-1.
7.1.1 Refrigeration energy output of refrigeration
Building zones served by one particular refrigeration unit are called cooled sectors. It is possible that several
types of usage with different usage profiles as defined in DIN V 18599-10 may occur within one and the same
cooled sector. In turn, several building zones may have the same type of usage, zoning being necessary for
structural reasons or due to the specific technical installation aspects. Within a building zone, the air
45
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
conditioning cooling energy is supplied for an HVAC system or for a room conditioning system. Table 18
illustrates the zoning criteria, using an office building with three different types of usage and different numbers
of building zones for each usage type as an example.
Table 18 — Examples of zoning for cooling supply
Cooled sector
Type of usage Usage type 1 Usage type 2 Usage type 3
1…n (e.g. personal office) (e.g. kitchen) (e.g. server room)
Building zone 1 … j Building zone 1 Building zone 2
(from structural (e.g. southern zone, (e.g. northern zone, Building zone 1 Building zone 1
aspect) shaded) without shade)
Room Room Room Room
HVAC system or HVAC HVAC HVAC HVAC
con- con- con- con-
room conditioning system system system system
ditioning ditioning ditioning ditioning
(e.g. partial (e.g. partial (e.g. partial (e.g. partial
No room No room
air (e.g. air air air
Type of cooling condtion condition (e.g. fan
conditioning cooled conditioning conditioning conditioning
system -ing ing convector)
system with ceiling) system with system with system with
system system
cooling) cooling) cooling) cooling)
The annual refrigeration energy output of the refrigeration unit shall be calculated individually for each type of
usage n (see DIN V 18599-10). It is the annual total of the monthly refrigeration energy output for the air
conditioning of the HVAC system of the zone served and the annual total of the monthly refrigeration energy
output for cooling for the room conditioning systems served, corresponding to the number j of building zones
served, calculated by the equation:
j⎛ 12 12 ⎞
QC,outg,a,n = Qc,outg,a,n + Qc*,outg,a,n = ∑∑ ⎜ Q
⎜ c,outg,mth,j + ∑Qc*,outg,mth,j ⎟
⎟ (43)
1 ⎝ 1 1 ⎠
where
QC,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output for air conditioning per type of usage n, in kWh;
Qc,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output for cooling, room conditioning system per type of
usage n, in kWh;
Qc*,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output for cooling, HVAC system per type of usage n, in
kWh;
Qc,outg,mth,j is the refrigeration energy output for cooling per month, room conditioning system per zone j
(see 6.2.2), in kWh.
Qc*,outg,mth,j is the refrigeration energy output for cooling per month, HVAC system per zone j (see 6.2.1),
in kWh.
If the air conditioning cooling only serves a single type of system (i.e. either an HVAC system or a room
conditioning system), the term which is not applicable should be replaced by zero.
The total annual refrigeration energy output of the refrigeration unit of a cooled section is the sum of the
refrigeration energy outputs for all types of usage n:
46
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
n
QC,outg,a = ∑ QC,outg,a,n (44)
1
where
QC,outg,a is the annual refrigeration energy output, in kWh.
7.1.2 Energy use, compression refrigeration units
Cold-vapour compression refrigeration unit energy demands are evaluated on the basis of the rated energy
efficiency ratio of cooling (EER) and a mean part load value PLVav, using the following equation:
QC,outg,a
EER ⋅ PLVav = SEER = (45)
QC,f,electr
where
EER is the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling in kW/kW (see Tables 19 to 20);
PLVav is the mean part load value, (see Annex A);
SEER is the seasonal energy efficiency ratio, in kWh/kWh;
QC,f,electr is the energy use of the compression refrigeration unit (electrical), in kWh.
From this, the energy use of the compression refrigeration unit is calculated, using the equation:
QC,outg,a
QC,f,electr = (46)
EER ⋅ PLVav
The rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling (EER) as used in this equation represents the ratio of the rated
cooling power (benefit) to the electrical drive power demand (effort) under design operating conditions:
Q& C,outg
EER = (47)
PC,electr
where
Q& C,outg is the rated cooling power of the compressor-type refrigeration unit, in kW;
PC,electr is the rated electrical power demand of the drive, in kW.
The energy efficiency ratio of refrigeration units varies under partial load conditions. The variable conditions
are represented by the technology-dependent part load value PLVav. This accounts for the real partial load
characteristics of the refrigeration unit, the effect of the cooling-water or external air temperature and of the
heat exchangers which may be incorrectly dimensioned in partial load conditions.
If only one room conditioning system or one HVAC system is supplied with cooling energy within one and the
same type of usage, PLVav can be used directly for the energy evaluation calculations. Where cooling is
achieved in parallel by room conditioning systems and HVAC systems, PLVav shall be weighted according to
the percentage proportions of the respective room conditioning and HVAC cooling systems.
47
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Qc,outg, a, n ⋅ PLVc,av + Qc*,outg, a, n ⋅ PLVc*,av

PLVav, n = (48)
QC,outg, a, n
where
PLVav,n is the mean part load value, depending on the type of usage.
If only one type of usage occurs in a particular cooled sector, the part load value PLVav,n can be used directly
in the energy-related evaluation calculations. Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled sector,
PLVav shall be weighted according to the percentage proportions of the respective types of usage.
n
∑ QC,outg, a, n ⋅ PLVav, n
1 (49)
PLVav =
QC,outg, a
7.1.2.1 Compressor-type refrigeration units, water-cooled
The characteristic value method can be used to evaluate the following compressor and control types shown in
Table 19.
Table 19 — Types of partial load control of water-cooled compressor-type refrigeration units evaluated
by the characteristic value method
Water-cooled compressor-type chillers, type of partial load control

(1) Piston or scroll compressor with two-point control (ON/OFF operation)
Piston or scroll compressor with multi-stage control (at least four power control stages in multi-
(2)
compressor combinations)
(3) Piston compressors with individual cylinder shut-down
(4) Piston or scroll compressors with hot-gas bypass control
(5) Screw compressors with valve control
(6) Turbo-compressors with inflow choke control
The rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling (EER) of water-cooled chillers varies greatly with design and from
one manufacturer to another. For the characteristic value method, default values of the rated energy efficiency
ratio of cooling for the respective compressor types can be taken from Table 20. These EER values apply for
the specified boundary conditions and a pollution factor of 0,044 m2K/kW. If the type of compressor used is
not known, the EER default value can be determined on the basis of normal rated cooling power ranges.
If the characteristic value method is applied, only the default values given in Table 20 may be used. The use
of product data for EER is not permitted.
The rated energy efficiency ratios of cooling shall also be selected in relation to the refrigerant used for the
respective refrigeration process. Table 20 lists the refrigerants normally used in air conditioning engineering. If
the type of refrigerant used is not known, the values stated for R134a shall be used in the calculations.
Refrigerant type R22 shall only be used for evaluating the energy performance of existing systems.
The cooling-water temperatures shall be selected on the basis of the type of recooling used. The cooling-
water input/output temperatures are assumed to be 40/45 °C for dry coolers (with a glycol content of 30 %)
and 27/33 °C for evaporative recoolers.
48
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The net temperature level is determined by the design and the consumer control and emission technology
used. This is to be specified for the design operating conditions (at the rated power). For indirect systems
(water-cooling units); the chilled water output temperature is to be applied as the design parameter, for direct
cooling systems (direct evaporation systems) the mean evaporation temperature is to be applied as the
design parameter. In the case of deviating conditions, intermediate values may be obtained by interpolation.
Table 20 — Default values for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER for water-cooled chillers
Default value for rated energy efficiency ratio of

cooling EER
Cooling-water Chilled-water Mean
input/output output evaporation Normal power ranges
Refrigerant
temperatures, temperature, ° temperature, ° Piston and scroll Screw Turbo-
°C C C compressors compressors compressors
10 kW to 200 kW to 500 kW to
1 500 kW 2 000 kW 8 000 kW
6 0 4,0 4,5 5,2

27/33
14 8 4,6 5,3 5,9
R134a
6 0 3,1 2,9 4,1
40/45
14 8 3,7 3,7 4,8
6 0 3,8 4,2 −
27/33
14 8 4,4 4,9 −
R407C
6 0 3,0 2,7 −
40/45
14 8 3,6 3,3 −
6 0 3,6 − −
27/33
14 8 4,2 − −
R410A
6 0 2,8 − −
40/45
14 8 3,3 − −
6 0 − 4,6 −
27/33
14 8 − 5,4 −
R717
6 0 − 3,1 −
40/45
14 8 − 3,7 −
6 0 4,1 4,6 5,1
27/33
14 8 4,8 5,4 5,7
R22
6 0 3,2 3,0 4,1
40/45
14 8 3,8 3,6 4,7
The mean annual part load value PLVav for a particular type of usage and the chiller types under consideration
can be taken from the tables in Annex A. The types of usage correspond to the usage profiles described in
DIN V 18599-10. In the case of deviating usages, a type of usage which corresponds to the planned usage
profile shall be selected. If no other data are known, the part load values for personal offices – single occupant
(usage type 1) shall be used in the calculations.
Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled sector, PLVav shall be weighted according to the
percentage proportions of the respective types of usage as calculated using equation (49).
49
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The part load value PLVav is also a function of the type of cooling application (room conditioning, HVAC). In
the case of HVAC systems, a distinction shall be made according to the required air conditioning function.
Where cooling is achieved in parallel by room conditioning and HVAC systems, the part load value shall be
weighted according to the percentage proportions of the respective room conditioning and HVAC cooling
systems as calculated using equation (48).
The part load value PLVav of water-cooled chillers also depends on the type of cooling-water control.
Particularly in existing systems, constant cooling-water conditions are often used (see Tables A.2 to A.15, left-
hand column: cooling-water input to chiller constant). Cooling systems with compressor-power control and
thermally or electronically controlled expansion valves enable operation with variable cooling-water conditions
(see Tables A.2 to A.15, right-hand column: cooling-water input to chiller variable). If the external air
conditions differ from the design conditions and the external air and/or wet-bulb temperature is low, the energy
demand for cooling drops due to the lower cooling-water input temperature (leading to an increase in PLVav).
The part load values determined for the characteristic value method account for the device-specific minimum
cooling-water output temperature of 20 °C for all compressors with power control. If the use of cooling-water
control and constant cooling-water conditions is planned, PLVav shall be taken from the left-hand column, if
variable cooling-water conditions are planned, the values shall be taken from the right-hand column.
7.1.2.2 Air-cooled compressor-type chillers
Table 21.
Table 21 — Types of partial load control of air-cooled compressor-type chillers evaluated by the
characteristic value method
Air-cooled compressor-type chillers, type of partial load control

(A) Piston or scroll compressor with two-point control and buffer storage (ON/OFF operation)
Piston or scroll compressor with multi-stage control (at least four power control stages in multi-
(B)
compressor combinations)
(C) Screw compressors with valve control
The rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER of air-cooled compressor-type chillers varies widely with
design and from one manufacturer to another. For the characteristic value method, default values of the rated
energy efficiency ratio of cooling for the respective compressor types can be taken from Table 22. The values
stated apply for an external air temperature of 32 °C (wet-bulb temperature 21 °C) and a pollution factor of
0,044 m2 · K/kW. If it is not known what type of compressor is used, the EER default value can be determined
on the basis of normal rated cooling-power ranges.
If the characteristic value method is applied, only the default values given in Table 22 may be used. The use
of product data for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling values EER is not permitted.
Table 22 lists the refrigerants normally used in air conditioning engineering. If the type of refrigerant used is
not known, the values stated for R134a shall be used in the calculations. Refrigerant type R22 shall only be
used for evaluating the energy performance of existing systems.
The net temperature level is determined by the design and the the consumer control and emission technology
used. This shall be specified for the design operating conditions (at the rated power). For indirect systems
(water-cooling units) the chilled water output temperature is to be applied as the design parameter, for direct-
cooling systems (direct evaporation systems) the mean evaporation temperature is to be applied. In the case
of deviating conditions, intermediate values may be obtained by interpolation.
50
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER stated for air-cooled chillers takes into account all system-
internal auxiliary energy requirements, in particular the electrical auxiliary energy for recooling fans.
Table 22 — Default values for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER for air-cooled
compression chillers
Default value for rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER

Chilled-water Mean
output evaporation Normal power ranges
Refrigerant
temperature temperature
°C °C Piston and scroll compressors Screw compressors
10 kW to 1 500 kW 200 kW to 2 000 kW
6 0 2,8 3,0
R134a
14 8 3,5 3,7
6 0 2,5 2,7
R407C
14 8 3,2 3,4
6 0 2,4 –
R410A
14 8 3,1 –
6 0 – 3,2
R717
14 8 – 3,9
6 0 2,9 3,1
R22
14 8 3,6 3,8
can be taken from the tables in Annex A. The types of usage correspond to the usage profiles as described in
DIN V 18599-10. In the case of deviating usages, a type of usage which corresponds to the planned usage
Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled sector, the part load value PLVav shall be weighted
according to the percentage proportions of the respective types of usage as calculated using equation (49).
The part load value PLVav also depends on the type of cooling application (room conditioning, HVAC). In the
case of HVAC systems, a distinction corresponding to the required air conditioning function shall be made.
Where cooling is achieved in parallel by room conditioning and HVAC systems, the part load value shall be
systems as calculated using equation (48).
7.1.2.3 Room air conditioning systems, air-cooled
Table 23.
51
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 23 — Types of partial load control of air-cooled room air conditioning systems evaluated by the
characteristic value method
Air-cooled room air conditioning systems, type of partial load control

(D) Two-point control for single-zone system, pulsed (ON/OFF operation)
Two-point control for multiple-zone system, pulsed (where applicable with exhaust-chamber control
(E)
or individual cylinder shutdown)
Continuous control for single-zone systems, frequency-controlled/pulsed, with electronically-
(F)
controlled expansion valve (inverter control)
Continuous control for multiple-zone systems, frequency-controlled/pulsed, with electronically-
(G)
controlled expansion valve (inverter control)
Default values for the cooling energy efficiency ratio of room air conditioning systems of different categories
can be taken from Tables 24 and 25. The values listed in these tables apply at an external air temperature of
32 °C (wet-bulb temperature of 21 °C) and a room temperature of 26 °C (wet-bulb temperature of 19 °C).
Directive 2002/31/EC stipulates that room air conditioning systems are to be provided with energy information
labelling. When using values given in Tables 24 and 25 for evaluations made with the characteristic value
method, only those default values corresponding to energy-efficiency class D may be used. Use of other
product data as specified in accordance with Directive 2002/31/EC for the rated energy efficiency ratio of
cooling EER is not permitted when calculating energy requirements. This restriction is necessary in order to
ensure that the energy use of room air-conditioners can be compared with that of the chilled water systems,
which are not subject to energy labelling requirements.
with < 12 kW
Air-cooled room air conditioning systems

< 12 kW, in accordance with 2002/31/EC, rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER
Type of unit EER Type of partial load control
Compact air-conditioners, window-mounted or wall-
2,6 pulsed (D)
mounted
pulsed (D)
Split systems 2,7
frequency-controlled (F)
pulsed (E)
Multi-split systems 2,9
frequency-controlled (G)
with > 12 kW
Air-cooled room air conditioning systems > 12 kW, rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER
Type of unit EER Type of partial load control
VRF systems with variable at least one frequency-controlled parallel compressor
3,5
refrigerant mass flow (G)
52
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
can be taken from the tables in Annex A. The types of usage correspond to the usage profiles as described in
DIN V 18599-10. In the case of deviating uses, a type of usage which corresponds to the planned usage
Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled sector, PLVav shall be weighted according to the
percentage proportions of the respective types of usage as calculated using equation (49).
7.1.2.4 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards
The final electrical energy demand QC,f,electr of the compressor-type refrigeration units is calculated as an
annual total for use in the calculations described in DIN V 18599-1. Use of monthly values is permitted, if
these are required (see Clause 8).
In the above
QC,f,electr is the annual energy use of the compression refrigeration unit (electrical), in kWh.
7.1.3 Net generator energy for heating of absorption chillers
This subclause describes the procedure for calculating the net generator energy of the heat generator for an
absorption chiller.
Absorption chillers are evaluated on the basis of the rated heat ratio ζ and a mean part load value PLVav,
using the following equation:
QC,outg,a
ζ ⋅ PLVav = ζ av = (50)
QC,outg, therm
where
ζ is the rated heat ratio, in kW/kW;
PLVav is the mean part load value (i.e. factor);
ζav is the annual mean heat ratio, in kWh/kWh;
QC,outg,therm is the net generator heat output (thermal), in kWh.
These values are used to calculate the energy need of the heat generator for supplying heat to the absorption
chiller as follows:
QC,outg,a
QC,out,therm = (51)
ζ ⋅ PLVav
The rated heat ratio ζ as used in this equation represents the ratio of the rated cooling power (benefit) to the
thermal power (effort) at the design operating conditions:
Q& C,outg
ζ = & (52)
Q C, therm
53
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
Q& C,outg is the cooling power of the absorption chiller, in kW;
Q& C,therm is the rated heating power, in kW.
This energy efficiency ratio of absorption chillers varies under partial load conditions. The variable conditions
are represented by the part load value PLVav, which is dependent on the technology. This accounts for the
real partial load characteristics of the refrigeration unit, the effect of the cooling-water temperature and of the
heat exchangers, which may be incorrectly dimensioned in partial load conditions.
Only single-stage H2O/LiBr absorption chillers are modelled in the characteristic value method.
Table 26 — Types of partial-load control of absorption chillers evaluated by the characteristic value
method
Water-cooled absorption chillers, type of partial-load control
(7) Absorption chiller, single-stage with heating-medium control
The rated heat ratio ζ varies with unit design and from one manufacturer to another. The rated heat ratio as
given in Table 27 shall be used in the characteristic value method. Where a column contains no data, this
indicates that the system boundary conditions are not permissible. These ζ values apply for the specified
boundary conditions and a pollution factor of 0,044 m2 · K/kW.
The rated heat ratio of single-stage absorption chillers shall be selected on the basis of the available mean
heating-medium temperature. Intermediate values may be obtained by interpolation.
The cooling-water temperatures shall be selected with respect to the type of recooling used. The cooling-
water input/output temperatures are to be assumed to be 40/45 °C for dry coolers (with a glycol content of
30 %) and 27/33 °C for evaporative recoolers. Evaporative recoolers are generally recommended.
The net temperature level is determined by the design and the consumer control and emission technology
used. This is to be specified for the design operating conditions (at the rated power). The chilled water output
temperature is used as the design specification parameter. In the case of deviating conditions, intermediate
values may be obtained by interpolation.
54
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 27 — Rated heat ratio ζ for single-stage absorption chillers
Single-stage H2O/LiBr absorption chiller
Heating medium input Cooling-water Chilled-water

temperature input/output output
Rated heat ratio ξ
supply/return temperature temperature,
°C °C °C
6 –
27/33
14 0,71
80/70
6 –
40/45
14 –
6 0,69
27/33
14 0,72
90/75
6 –
40/45
14 –
6 0,70
27/33
14 0,72
110/95
6 –
40/45
14 0,71
6 0,71
27/33
14 0,73
130/110
6 0,70
40/45
14 0,72
The annual mean part load value PLVav for the respective type of building usage can be taken from the tables
in Annex A. The types of usage correspond to the usage profiles as described in DIN V 18599-10. In the case
of deviating usages, a type of usage which corresponds to the planned usage profile shall be selected. If no
other data are known, the part load values for personal offices – single occupant (usage type 1) shall be used
in the calculations.
Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled sector, the part load value PLVav shall be weighted
according to the percentage proportions of the respective types of usage as calculated using equation (49).
The part load value PLVav is also a function of the type of cooling application (room conditioning, HVAC). In
the case of HVAC systems, a distinction corresponding to the required air conditioning function shall be made.
Where the cooling is achieved in parallel by room conditioning systems and HVAC systems, the part load
value shall be weighted according to the percentage proportions of the respective room conditioning systems
and HVAC cooling systems as calculated using equation (48).
The part load value PLVav also depends on the type of cooling-water control. The part load values stated in
Annex A for the various types of usage account, on the one hand, for a controlled cooling-water input
temperature of 27 °C for evaporative recooling or 40 °C for dry recooling (see Tables A.2 to A.15, left-hand
column, cooling-water input to refrigeration unit constant). On the other hand, if the external air conditions
differ from the design specification conditions and the external air and/or wet-bulb temperature is low, the
energy demand for cooling is reduced due to the lower cooling-water input temperature (leading to an
55
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
increase in the part load value PLVav). The part load values for variable cooling-water input temperatures (see
Tables A.2 to A.15, right-hand column, cooling-water input to refrigeration unit variable) take into account a
device-specific minimum cooling-water output temperature of 20 °C for single-stage absorption chillers. If use
of cooling-water control and constant cooling-water conditions is planned, PLVav is to be taken from the left-
hand column; if variable cooling-water conditions are planned, the values shall be taken from the right-hand
column.
7.1.4 Gas driven refrigeration units
7.1.4.1 Direct evaporation systems (refrigerant distribution) with variable refrigerant mass flow
(VRF systems)
The calculation shall be analogous to that described for room air conditiong systems in 7.1.2.3. The
compressor in driven by a gas engine, however, instead of using electrical energy.
Qc,out
Qc,f,gas = (53)
PLVav,gas ⋅ EERgas
where
Qc,f,gas is the gas used as delivered energy.
The following default values shall be used for gas driven cooling systems:
PLVav,gas = 0,95
EERgas = 1,05
The recovered thermal energy from the gas engine shall be evaluated In a procedure analogous to that
described for heat pumps (see DIN V 18599-2, 6.4.2). It shall be taken into account that the heating energy is
also available in the months where cooling is required and all cooling energy can be supplied by the gas
driven room air conditioning system.
Qrd,mot = Prd,mot · Qc,f,gas (54)
If no product data are available, the following default value shall be used:
Prd,mot = 0,4
The output temperature ϑrd of the water of the recovered thermal energy is 70 °C.
NOTE Owing to its low temperature, the condenser heat is not taken into account at present.
7.1.4.2 Direct-fired absorption refrigeration systems
If a more detailed method is not available, the calculation shall be as described in 7.1.3 using the rated heat
ratio from Table 28 and the part load values PLVav for absorption chillers (see Annex A, partial load control
(7)).
Qc,f,gas = QC,outg,them
where
QC,outg,them is the generator heat output for refrigeration.
56
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The recovered thermal energy from the absorption refrigeration system is calculated as follows:
Qrd = Prd,gas · Qc,f,gas (55)
It shall be taken into account that the heating energy is also available in the months where cooling is required
and all cooling energy can be supplied by the gas driven room air conditioning system.
If no product data are available, the following default value shall be used:
Prd,gas = 1,0
The output temperature, ϑrd of the water of the recovered thermal energy is 50 °C.
Table 28 — Rated heat ratio for direct-fired refrigeration units
Direct gas-fired refrigeration units Rated heat ratioζ

NH3/water, single stage, 0,6
Water/LiBr, double effect 1,3
7.1.5 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards
The net generator energy of heating for absorption chillers when steam is used as a heat energy carrier is
evaluated in 8.1.2.
With reference to hot water as the heat carrier, the net generator energy of heating for absorption chillers is
expressed as a monthly value QC,outg,therm,mth which, together with the temperature-level data, is used as
input for calculations described in DIN V 18599-5. Since the characteristic value method of calculating the net
generator energy delivers annual totals, the respective annual value shall be converted back into monthly
values. When doing this, the monthly net generator energy shall be weighted according to the monthly net
generator cooling output as in equation (58).
To this end, the monthly net generator cooling outputs for each individual type of usage n shall first be
determined and then these shall be added together in relation to the types of usage occurring in the cooled
sector:
j
QC,outg,mth,n = ∑ (Qc,outg,mth, j + Qc*,outg,mth, j ) (56)
1
where
QC,outg,mth,n is the monthly refrigeration energy output per type of usage n, in kWh;
Qc,outg,mth,j is the refrigeration energy output for room air conditioning per month, room conditioning
system per zone j (see 6.2.2), in kWh;
Qc*,outg,mth,j is the refrigeration energy output for cooling per month, HVAC system per zone j
(see 6.2.1), in kWh;
n
QC,outg,mth = ∑ QC,outg,mth,n (57)
1
57
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
QC,outg,mth is the monthly refrigeration energy output, in kWh.
QC,outg,mth
QC,outg,therm,mth = QC,outg,therm,a ⋅ (58)
QC,outg,a
where
QC,outg,therm,mth is the monthly net generator heat output (thermal), in kWh;
QC,outg,a is the annual refrigeration energy output, in kWh.
For heating networks with hot water as the heat carrier, the rated heat energy demand for absorption chiller
heating shall be provided as input for calculations described in DIN V 18599-5 to enable calculation of the total
heat output of the heat generator.
With regard to the input for DIN V 18599 the following is to be noted:
⎯ for hot water (for DIN V 18599-5): Qch,out = Qc,outg,therm
⎯ for steam (for 7.2): Qcm,out = Qc,outg,therm
Q& C,outg
Q& C,therm =
ζ
with Q& C,outg = ∑ Q& C,max ; Q& C *,max (59)
where
Q& C,therm is the rated heating power, in kW;
Q& C,outg is the cooling power of the absorption chiller, in kW;
ζ is the rated heat ratio, in kW/kW.
7.1.6 Energy use for recooling
The energy balance evaluation of recooling is carried out on the basis of the specific design-related electrical
energy demand qR,electr of the recooling equipment and a mean utilization factor fR,av of the recooling system.
If the rated recooling power and the mean operating time are taken into account, the energy use of the
recooling system is expressed by the following equation:
QC,f,R,electr = Q& R,outg ⋅ qR,ele ctr ⋅ f R,av ⋅ tR,op (60)
where
QC,f,R,electr is the energy use of the recooling system (electrical), in kWh;
Q&R,outg is the rated recooling power, in kW;
qR,electr is the specific electrical energy demand of the recooling system, in kW/kW;
58
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
fR,av is the mean utilization factor for recooling;
tR,op is the recooling operating time in hours.
with
⎛ 1 ⎞
Q&R,outg = Q& c,outg ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎟ for compressor-type refrigeration units (61)
⎝ EER ⎠
or
⎛ 1⎞
Q&R,outg = Q& c,outg ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟ for absorption chillers (62)
⎝ ζ⎠
where
Q& c,outg is the cooling power of the refrigeration unit, in kW;
EER is the energy efficiency ratio in kW/kW;
ζ is the rated heat ratio, in kW/kW.
When the characteristic value method is applied, a distinction is made between evaporative recooling (with
open and with closed cooling-water circuits) and dry recooling systems. Table 29 shows the specific electrical
energy demand of recooling systems with and without additional silencers.
Table 29 — Specific electrical energy demand qR,electr of recooling systems
Evaporative recooler
(including water spray pumps) Dry recooler
Type of recooling system Closed circuit Open circuit
qR,electr
kW/kW
Without additional silencer
0,033 0,018 0,045
(axial fan)
With additional silencer
0,040 0,021 —
(radial fan)
The mean utilization factor fR,av for evaporative recooling systems can be taken from the tables in Annex A as
the factor fR,VK (applicable to both open and closed circuits), and the corresponding factor for dry recooling
systems as the factor fR,TK in the same tables for the respective type of building usage. The types of usage
correspond to the usage profiles as described in DIN V 18599-10. In the case of deviating usages, a type of
usage which corresponds to the planned usage profile shall be selected. If no other data are known, the part
load values for personal offices – single occupant (usage type 1) shall be used in the calculations. The values
corresponding to the design-specification cooling-water temperature level as stated for evaluation of the
refrigeration unit shall be applied. The characteristic values for recooling shall be taken in relation to the
cooling-water temperature control mode and in correlation to the PLV value of the respective refrigeration unit.
If only a room conditioning system or HVAC system is supplied with cooling energy within one and the same
type of usage, the utilization factor fR,av can be used directly for the energy evaluation calculations. Where
cooling is achieved in parallel by room conditioning and HVAC systems, the characteristic values shall be
59
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
systems:.
Qc,outg, a, n ⋅ f R,av + Qc*,outg, a, n ⋅ f R,av

f R,av, n = (63)
QC,outg, a, n
where
fR,av,n is the mean utilization factor for recooling; depending on the type of usage;
QC,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output per type of usage n, in kWh;
Qc,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output for cooling, room conditioning system, per type of
usage n, in kWh;
Qc*,outg,a,n is the annual refrigeration energy output for cooling, HVAC system, per type of usage n,
in kWh.
In the above:
QC,outg,a,n = Qc,outg,a,n + Qc*,outg,a,n (64)
If only one type of usage occurs in a specific cooled sector, the utilization load factor fR.av,n can be used
directly in the energy-related evaluation calculations. Where several types of usage occur in a specific cooled
sector, the characteristic values shall be weighted according to the percentage proportions of the respective
types of usage:
n
∑ QC,outg,a,n ⋅ f R,av,n
f R,av = 1 (65)
QC,outg,a
The recooling system operating time tR,op is assumed to be the maximum value of the annual total of the
monthly cooling coil demand times and/or of the monthly demand times of the room air conditioners, per type
of usage:
12 12
tR,op, n = Max( ∑ t c*,op,mth ; ∑ tc ,op,mth )n (66)
1 1
where
tc*,op,mth is the monthly demand time of the cooling coil, in h (see 5.4.3);
tc,op,mth is the monthly demand time of the room air conditioning cooling, in h (see 5.5.1);
tR,op,n is the annual recooling system operating time in h, depending on the type of usage.
If there are several different types of usage in one and the same cooled sector, the operating time shall be
determined as the maximum value of the recooling system operating time of all types of usage.
tR,op = Max(tR,op,n ) (64)
60
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
7.1.6.1 Output variables for other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards
The delivered electrical energy QC,f,R,electr of the recooling system is provided as an annual total for use in the
calculations described in DIN V 18599-1.
where
QC,f,R,electr is the annual energy use of the recooling system (electrical), in kWh.
7.1.7 Fractions of energy use for refrigeration and distribution
In the case of indirect cooling systems, the following energy fractions listed in Table 30 shall be taken into
account when evaluating the energy characteristics of the entire cooling system, comprising refrigeration,
distribution and control and emission. Unless otherwise specified, calculation of the energy fractions listed in
the table is described in the present document.
Table 30 — Energy fractions for evaluating the energy characteristics of indirect cooling systems
(chillers)
Compressor type chillers Absorption chillers

Indirect systems Water-cooled Air-cooled Water-cooled
(chillers)
Evaporative Compact Evaporative
Dry cooler Dry cooler
cooler design cooler
refrigeration QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,therm QC,f,therm

Generation
unit (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.3) (see 7.1.3)
recooling QC,f,R,electr QC,f,R,electr included in QC,f,R,electr QC,f,R,electr
system (see 7.1.4) (see 7.1.4) QC,f,electr (see 7.1.4) (see 7.1.4)
QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d
chilled water
(see 6.5) (see 6.5) (see 6.5) (see 6.5) (see 6.5)
Distribution
cooling- QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d included in QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d

water (see 6.5) (see 6.5) QC,f,electr (see 6.5)
Qh,d,aux Qh,d,aux
hot water not applicable not applicable not applicable (see (see
DIN V 18599-5) DIN V 18599-5)
Control and
emission
emission
(room Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux

conditioning (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3)
only)
In the case of direct cooling systems, the following energy fractions listed in Table 31 shall be taken into
account when evaluating the energy characteristics of the entire cooling system, comprising cooling energy
generation and distribution.
61
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 31 — Energy fractions for evaluating the energy characteristics of direct cooling systems (direct
evaporation units)
Compressor-type refrigeration units

Direct cooling
systems Water-cooled Air-cooled (room air-conditioners)
(direct Inverter/
evaporation Evaporative Compact air Individual Multiple VRF
units) Dry cooler
cooler conditioner system system multiple
system
refrigeration QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr

Generation
unit (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2) (see 7.1.2)
recooling QC,f,R,electr QC,f,R,electr included in included in included in included in
system (see 7.1.4) (see 7.1.4) QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr
distribution, included in included in included in included in included in included in

Distribution
cold QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr
distribution, QZ,aux,d QZ,aux,d included in included in included in included in

hot (see 6.5) (see 6.5) QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr QC,f,electr
Control and
emission
emission
(room Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux Qc,ce,aux

conditioning (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3) (see 6.3)
only)
7.2 Delivered energy for steam supply
There are several constant factors for steam generation which depend on the type of steam humidification
system and which should integrate the following factors:
⎯ sludge removal;
⎯ loss due to standby operation, distribution losses, jacket heating etc.
The result is the energy use of the individual energy carriers for steam generation, which is evaluated from the
primary energy aspect in the following.
If no other methods are available for detailed calculations of the individual values of the steam generators, the
delivered energy Qm*,f for the steam supply is calculated using the following equation:
Qm*,f = Qm*,outg ⋅ fm*,f (68)
where
Qm*,outg is the generator heat output for steam as described in 6.4.
62
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table 32 — Delivered energy factors for steam generation
Type of steam humidification Final energy factor fm*,f
Heating by electrodes or electrical resistance heating – raw water 1,16

Gas fired – raw water (based on gross calorific value) 1,51
Oil fired – raw water (based on gross calorific value) 1,45
District heating steam without jacket heating (based on gross calorific
1,44
value)
District heating steam with jacket heating (based on gross calorific
1,55
value)
The method described here can also be used for evaluating the energy need of thermal chillers (i.e. steam).
8 Delivered energy
8.1 Refrigeration equipment for cooling
In the simplified method of calculating cold energy characteristics, the delivered energy is calculated directly
as a function of the production methods.
The characteristic value method relating to cold production is based on annual values. The equations can also
be used to obtain values for a month; an exact distribution of the annual value over the months in the year is
not possible.
8.1.1 Electrical energy for compressor-type chillers
In the case of district cooling systems, EER and PLVav relative to the equipment are to be obtained from the
supplier of the district cooling energy. As an alternative, information may be obtained from the supplier about
the types of equipment and the method described for the building in clause 7 may then be applied (virtual
cooling energy generation in the building).
The annual electrical energy for compressor-type chillers and room air conditioners is calculated as the sum
total for all cooling supply units, as described in 7.1;
Qc,f,j,electr = Σ Qc,f (see 7.1.2.4)
In the characteristic value method as described in 7.1, the characteristic values already take generation losses
into account, hence Qc,g = Qc*,g = 0.
The share of cooling energy generation contributed by regenerative energy is determined according to
DIN V 18599-1 as follows:
Qc,reg = Qc,outg – Qc,f or Qc*,reg = Qc*,outg – Qc*,f or Q,C,reg = QC,outg – QC,f
8.1.2 Steam for heating absorption chillers
Thermal energy at temperatures below 110 °C is determined as described in DIN V 18599-5 and in 7.1.3.1.
Qc,f,j,therm = Qc,f (see 7.1.3)
63
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
From the primary energy aspect, this steam supply is treated in the same way as district heating
(see DIN V 18599-1).
8.2 Steam generation for humidification
Qm*,f,j(Dampf) = Σ Qm*,f (see 7.2)
From the primary energy aspect, external steam generation is treated in the same way as district heating
(see DIN V 18599-1).
8.3 Auxiliary energy for HVAC and air conditioning (electrical)
The annual total auxiliary energy for HVAC, chillers and room conditioning systems is the sum of the auxiliary
energy used for all HVAC systems and chillers for room conditioning and HVAC cooling, for all utilization units
and cooled sectors. If it is necessary to calculate the auxiliary energy on a monthly basis, and this is not
possible according to the methods described in this document (e.g. pumps for water humidifiers, ancillary
drives of heat exchangers), it is permitted to distribute the thermal energy proportionately for the HVAC
system.
QC,aux = ΣQc*,aux,a + ΣQc,aux,a = ΣQc,ce,aux,a + ΣQZ,aux,d,a + ΣQhr,f,aux,a + ΣQmh,f,aux,a + ΣQC,f,R electr (69)
NOTE Σ Qc,ce,aux,a (see 6.3)
Σ QZ,aux,d,a (see 6.5.1.1)
Σ Qhr,f,aux,a (see 6.6.2.1)
Σ Qmh,f,aux,a (see 6.6.3)
Σ QC,f,R electr (see 7.1.6.1)
8.3.1 Auxiliary energy for steam supply
The auxiliary energy for steam supply is not taken into account in the simplified steam generation evaluation
method.
Qm*,aux = 0
8.3.2 Other forms of auxiliary energy and recovered energy
Annex C of DIN V 18599-3 and in Annex B of this document specify methods of incorporating energy
characteristics from simulation programmes in the calculation method. In principle, this may result in energy
ratings or recovered energy that needs to be taken into account in other processes. This may involve systems
such as the following;
⎯ central HVAC units with integrated heat pump and chiller;
⎯ use of the cooling tower for free convection cooling;
⎯ use of exhaust heat from chillers, etc.
If suitable simulation programmes are used to determine these characteristic values, these can be calculated
as monthly values and incorporated in the method as follows:
64
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
ΣQY,aux : auxiliary electrical energy for additional processes;
Qrd: recovered thermal energy;
ϑrd: temperature of the recovered thermal energy.
65
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex A
(normative)
Characteristics relating to air conditioning
A.1 General
Annex A contains, in tabular form, the partial load characteristics relating to air conditioning cooling which are
to be used in the energy-related evaluation of the refrigeration processes. The tables of characteristics relate
to the various types of usage in accordance with the usage profiles for non-residential buildings as described
in DIN V 18599-10.
Table A 1 shows the relationship between the tables of characteristics and the usage profiles given in
DIN V 18599-10.
66
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.1 — Relationship between the type of usage and tables of characteristics
Energy-related
Type of
Usage profile, non-residential buildings evaluation as in Table
usage
type of usage
1 Personal office (single occupant) 1 A.2
2 Workgroup office (two to six workplaces) 1 A.2
3 Landscaped office (seven or more workplaces) 1 A.2
4 Meeting, conference or seminar room 1 A.2
5 Booking hall 1 A.2
6 Retail shop/department store (without refrigerated products) 6 A.3
7 Retail shop/department store (with refrigerated products) 6 A.3
8 Classroom (schools) 8 A.4
9 Lecture room, auditorium 9 A.5
10 Hospital ward or dormitory 10 A.6
11 Hotel bedroom 11 A.7
12 Canteen 12 A.8
13 Restaurant 13 A.9
14 Kitchen in non-residential building 13 A.9
15 Kitchen – preparation room or storeroom 13 A.9
16 Toilets and sanitary facilities in non-residential buildings 1 A.2
17 Other habitable rooms 1 A.2
18 Auxiliary spaces (without habitable rooms) 1 A.2
19 Circulation and traffic areas – -
20 Storeroom, technical equipment room, archive 1 A.2
21 Server room, computer centre 21 A.10
22 Workshop, assembly, production facility 22 A.11
23 Spectator and audience areas (theatres and event locations) 23 A.12
24 Foyer (theatres and event locations) 23 A.12
25 Stage (theatres and event locations) 25 A.13
26 Fair/congress building 9 A.5
27 Exhibition rooms and museums with conservation requirements 27 A.14
28 Library/reading rooms 6 A.3
29 Library/open stacks area 6 A.3
30 Library/magazine and stores 6 A.3
31 Sports hall 31 A.15
32 Garage buildings (for offices and private use) – –
33 Garage buildings (public use) – –
67
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.2 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 16, 17, 18, 20)
Cooling water input to refrigeration unit Cooling water input to refrigeration
constant unit variable
Water-cooled Operating mode: Operating mode:
Evaporation Evaporation Air-cooled chiller PLVAV [-]
chiller space cooling / HVAC cooling Dry recooler Dry recooler space cooling / HVAC cooling
recooler recooler
PLVAV [-] fR,VK [-] PLVAV [-] fR,TK [-] PLVAV [-] fR,VK [-] PLVAV [-] fR,TK [-]
Space cooling 0,92 0,12 0,92 0,09 Space cooling 1,32
Humidity demand: none/ with WRG: none 0,93 0,10 0,93 0,08 Humidity demand: none/ with WRG: none 1,37
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(1) tolerance WRG: with 0,92 0,10 0,92 0,08 (A) tolerance WRG: with 1,35
Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 0,92 0,10 0,92 0,08 Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 1,36
tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 0,92 0,11 0,92 0,09 tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 1,34
Space cooling 1,31 0,12 1,26 0,08 1,54 0,37 1,74 0,63 Space cooling 1,43
Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 1,33 0,09 1,27 0,08 1,57 0,29 1,75 0,70 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 1,50
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(2) tolerance WRG: with 1,33 0,10 1,27 0,08 1,56 0,31 1,74 0,71 (B) tolerance WRG: with 1,48
Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 1,33 0,10 1,27 0,08 1,56 0,30 1,75 0,65 Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 1,49
tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 1,32 0,11 1,26 0,08 1,55 0,36 1,73 0,68 tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 1,46
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(3) tolerance WRG: with 0,75 0,11 0,72 0,08 0,88 0,34 0,99 0,73 (C) tolerance WRG: with 1,10
Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 0,45 0,10 0,45 0,08 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(4) tolerance WRG: with 0,48 0,11 0,48 0,09 (D) tolerance WRG: with
Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 0,47 0,11 0,47 0,08 Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only
tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 0,51 0,12 0,51 0,09 tolerance WRG: heat and humidity
Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 0,87 0,09 0,83 0,08 1,02 0,30 1,53 0,72 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(5) tolerance WRG: with 0,91 0,10 0,87 0,08 1,06 0,33 1,58 0,73 (E) tolerance WRG: with
Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only 0,90 0,10 0,86 0,08 1,05 0,32 1,58 0,67 Humidity demand without WRG: none / heat only
tolerance WRG: heat and humidity 0,95 0,11 0,91 0,08 1,11 0,37 1,66 0,70 tolerance WRG: heat and humidity
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(6) tolerance WRG: with 1,11 0,32 1,23 0,73 (F) tolerance WRG: with
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
(7) tolerance WRG: with 1,01 0,10 0,97 0,08 1,30 0,33 1,31 0,74 (G) tolerance WRG: with 1,23
68
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.3 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 6, 7, 28, 29, 30)
Cooling water input to refrigeration unit Cooling water input to refrigeration unit
constant variable
Evaporation recooler Dry recooler Evaporation recooler Dry recooler Air-cooled chiller PLVAV [-]
chiller space cooling / HVAC cooling space cooling / HVAC cooling

Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 0,93 0,10 0,93 0,08 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 1,36
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
69
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.4 — Partial load characteristics (type of usage: 8)
Cooling water input to refrigeration Cooling water input to refrigeration

Water-cooled Operating mode: Evaporation Evaporation Operating mode:
Dry recooler Dry recooler Air-cooled chiller PLVAV [-]
chiller space cooling / HVAC cooling recooler recooler space cooling / HVAC cooling
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
Humidity demand:.: none /with WRG: none 0,73 0,10 0,69 0,08 0,85 0,28 0,95 0,79 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 1,08
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
70
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.5 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 9, 26)

unit constant unit variable
Water-cooled Operating mode: space Operating mode: space
chiller cooling / HVAC cooling Dry recooler Dry recooler cooling / HVAC cooling
recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
71
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
72
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
73
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
74
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.9 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 13, 14, 15)
recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
75
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 0,92 0,09 0,92 0,08 Humidity demand: none /with WRG: none 1,37
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
76
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
77
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table A.12 — Partial load characteristics (types of usage: 23, 24)

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
78
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
79
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
cooling
cooling
HVAC
HVAC
80
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06

recooler recooler
WRG: none 0,97 0,10 0,97 0,08 WRG: none 1,42
HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
Humidity demand: none /with Humidity demand: none /with
(1) tolerance 0,96 0,10 0,96 0,09 (A) tolerance 1,39
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: heat and humidity 0,94 0,11 0,94 0,09 WRG: heat and humidity 1,37
WRG: none 1,39 0,09 1,33 0,08 1,64 0,29 1,81 0,77 WRG: none 1,55
HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(2) tolerance 1,38 0,10 1,31 0,08 1,61 0,31 1,79 0,78 (B) tolerance 1,52
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: heat and humidity 1,35 0,11 1,29 0,09 1,58 0,37 1,75 0,81 WRG: heat and humidity 1,50
WRG: none 0,77 0,10 0,74 0,08 0,91 0,32 1,00 0,78 WRG: none 1,13
HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(3) tolerance 0,78 0,10 0,75 0,09 0,92 0,34 1,02 0,79 (C) tolerance 1,13
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: none 0,48 0,10 0,48 0,09 WRG: none

HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(4) tolerance 0,49 0,11 0,49 0,09 (D) tolerance
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: heat and humidity 0,51 0,12 0,51 0,09 WRG: heat and humidity
WRG: none 0,92 0,09 0,88 0,08 1,08 0,31 1,60 0,78 WRG: none
HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(5) tolerance 0,94 0,10 0,90 0,08 1,11 0,33 1,63 0,79 (E) tolerance
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: heat and humidity 0,95 0,11 0,91 0,09 1,12 0,39 1,63 0,82 WRG: heat and humidity
WRG: none 1,13 0,31 1,25 0,78 WRG: none

HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(6) tolerance 1,15 0,33 1,27 0,78 (F) tolerance
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
WRG: heat and humidity 1,15 0,38 1,28 0,82 WRG: heat and humidity
WRG: none 1,05 0,09 1,00 0,08 1,35 0,31 1,35 0,79 WRG: none 1,26
HVAC cooling
HVAC cooling
(7) tolerance 1,05 0,10 1,00 0,08 1,35 0,33 1,35 0,79 (G) tolerance 1,27
WRG: with WRG: with
tolerance tolerance
81
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex B
(normative)
Methods for determining the part load values of refrigeration
B.1 General
The detailed procedure described in the present Annex B is used to determine individual partial load
characteristics of refrigeration units and recoolers and is to be used for:
⎯ detailed energy characteristic studies (e.g. in cases where cooling storage devices are used, or where the
load is distributed among several refrigeration units),
⎯ energy-related evaluation of refrigeration unit types not modelled in the characteristic value method (e.g.
if air-cooled compressor-type refrigeration units of split-system design are used),
⎯ energy-related evaluation of modes of manufacturer-specific partial load control methods not modelled in
the characteristic value method (e.g. turbo-compressor refrigeration units with speed control).
The results shall be identified as such and the facts and boundary conditions on which the model has been
based shall be documented separately.
The detailed method describes the basic procedure to be used in determining the part load values PLVav of
the cooling unit and the recooling factor fR. The equations for calculating the delivered energy and the rated
performance parameters (EER and ξ) of the refrigeration units as described in the present document apply in
unaltered form.
The characteristic value calculation is based on the annual variation of the required refrigeration energy output
per refrigeration unit on the basis of a time interval of not more than one hour. This variation shall be
determined using a suitable hourly recording method (such as that specified in Parts 10 and 11 of VDI 2067)
and taking into consideration the climatic conditions of the test reference year 05 (1986 edition, reference
station Würzburg, Germany). If the energy use is calculated on the basis of the refrigeration energy output
determined with the aid of monthly balance methods as described in DIN V 18599-2 and DIN V 18599-3, the
results are extremely unreliable and are thus not acceptable.
The first step is to convert the hourly values of the annual variation of the refrigeration energy output into
partial load values qi:
QC,outg,i
qi = (where i = 1....8760) (B.1)
.
Q C,outg ⋅ 1h
where
QC,outg,i is the refrigeration energy output within the time interval i, in kWh;
Q& C,outg is the rated cooling power of the refrigeration unit, in kW;
qi is the partial load demand value within the time interval i.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
The frequency of the hourly partial load demand values shall be determined for each partial load stage in
10 % steps. This is done by calculating the number of partial load demand values sn in each partial load stage
kn by applying the distribution rules as given in Table B.1.
Table B.1 — Distribution rules for partial load demand values per partial load stage kn
kn 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

sn 0 < qi ≤ 0,1 0,1 < qi ≤ 0,2 0,2 < qi ≤ 0,3 0,3 < qi ≤ 0,4 0,4 < qi ≤ 0,5
kn 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0

sn 0,5 < qi ≤ 0,6 0,6 < qi ≤ 0,7 0,7 < qi ≤ 0,8 0,8 < qi ≤ 0,9 0,9 < qi ≤ 1,0
B.2 Partial load characteristics of air-cooled refrigeration units

The part load value PLV of air-cooled refrigeration units takes into account the real partial load performance of
the refrigeration unit and the effect of varying external air temperatures. For these values, the relationship
between the partial load ratio and the external air temperature as shown in Table B.2 applies.
Table B.2 — Correlation between partial load stages kn and external air temperatures for air-cooled
refrigeration units
Partial load stage kn 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1,0
External air temperature
12,0 14,2 16,5 18,7 20,9 23,1 25,3 27,6 29,8 32,0
C
Equation (B.2) is used to calculate the mean part load value PLVav. In this equation, the number of partial load
demand values sn for each partial load stage kn shall be evaluated with the part load value PLVn for the
respective partial load stage:
1
∑ (sn ⋅ PLVn )
n = 0,1 (B.2)
PLVav =
1
∑ sn
n = 0,1
where
PLVav is the mean part load value;
PLVn is the part load value for each partial load stage (with n = 0,1 … 1);
sn is the number of partial load demand values for each partial load stage (with n = 0,1 … 1);
For air-cooled refrigeration units evaluated using the characteristic value method, the part load value PLVn for
each 10 % partial load stage shall be taken from Table B.3.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table B.3 — Part load value PLVn for air-cooled refrigeration units
Type of partial Partial load stage kn

load control
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
(A) 1,52 1,49 1,45 1,40 1,35 1,29 1,22 1,15 1,08 1,00
(B) 1,60 1,75 1,66 1,56 1,42 1,40 1,32 1,21 1,10 1,00
(C) 0,95 0,96 1,15 1,29 1,32 1,06 1,09 1,08 1,04 1,00
(D) 1,34 1,34 1,34 1,34 1,27 1,23 1,16 1,09 1,02 0,95
(E) 0,68 0,73 0,77 0,80 0,86 0,93 0,95 0,97 0,94 0,90
(F) 1,52 1,54 1,57 1,69 1,45 1,31 1,21 1,09 1,03 0,95
(G) 0,77 1,18 1,42 1,55 1,54 1,46 1,35 1,19 1,06 0,92
The part load values for room air-conditioners (D), (E), (F) and (G) already take into account the energy
expenditure for distribution on the cooling-energy control and emission side (distribution loss in the refrigerant
tubing), which leads to PLV values of less than 1 when the system is operated at rated power.
If other types of partial load control are to be considered for the energy-efficiency proof calculations, proof
calculations of the part load values PLVn per partial load stage kn shall be provided, and the respective values
shall be specially identified as such. The standard boundary conditions given in Table B.2 shall be used as a
basis in such cases.
B.3 Partial load characteristics of water-cooled refrigeration units

The mean part load value PLVav takes into account the real behaviour of the refrigeration unit under partial
load conditions and the thermodynamic linkage to the recooling system by combining two separate partial load
factors.
PL Vav = f 1,av ⋅ f 2,av (B.3)
where
PLVav is the mean part load value;
f1,av is the partial load factor of the refrigeration unit;
f2,av is the partial load factor of the recooling system.
All calculations shall be carried out assuming a pollution factor of 0,044 m2 · K/kW. Where dry recoolers are
used, a glycol content of 30 % shall be assumed.
The factor f1,av shall be calculated for constant cooling-water conditions. When doing this, the number of
partial load demand values sn for each partial load stage kn shall be evaluated with the partial load factor f1,n
for the respective partial load stage.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
1
∑ ( sn ⋅ f1,n )
n = 0,1
f1,av = (B.4)
1
∑ sn
n = 0,1
where
f1,n is the partial load factor of the refrigeration unit for each partial load stage (with n = 0,1 … 1);
sn is the number of partial load demand values for each partial load stage (with n = 0,1 … 1).
For water-cooled refrigeration units evaluated using the characteristic value method, the partial load factor f1,n
for each 10 % partial load stage shall be taken from Table B.4.
Table B.4 — Partial load factor f1,n for water-cooled refrigeration units per partial load stage kn
Type of partial Partial load stage kn

load control
0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1
(1) 0,96 0,94 0,92 0,90 0,90 0,90 0,92 0,94 0,96 1,00
(2) 1,14 1,17 1,19 1,20 1,18 1,16 1,13 1,10 1,05 1,00
(3) 0,44 0,54 0,62 0,70 0,76 0,82 0,88 0,92 0,96 1,00
(4) 0,30 0,33 0,43 0,52 0,61 0,70 0,78 0,87 0,93 1,00
(5) 0,45 0,67 0,80 0,91 0,99 1,03 1,05 1,04 1,02 1,00
(6) 0,50 0,72 0,84 0,93 0,99 1,01 1,03 1,02 1,01 1,00
(7) 0,61 0,88 1,00 1,06 1,06 1,05 1,04 1,03 1,01 1,00
If other types of partial load control are to be considered for the energy-efficiency proof calculations, proof
calculations of the partial load factors f1,n per partial load stage kn shall be provided, and the respective values
shall be specially identified as such. These calculations shall be based on a constant chilled water output
temperature of 6 °C and a constant cooling-water output temperature of 33 °C.
When the external air conditions deviate from the design conditions and the external air and/or wet-bulb
temperature is low, the available cooling-water temperature level decreases, provided that the corresponding
cooling-water controls are in place. At the same time, the energy required for refrigeration decreases. Factor
f2 describes the energy expenditure of the refrigeration unit, factor fR the energy expenditure of the recooling
system. Factor f2 need only be taken into account for refrigeration units with compressor power controls and
thermostatically or electronically-controlled expansion valves. For systems without compressor power control
(see Table B.4, (1) and (4)), f2,av = 1 shall be used. Any unintentional reduction of the cooling-water
temperature levels in recooling systems without controls is ignored.
Factor f2,av shall be applied for compressors with partial load control type (6) (see Table B.4 (6)), as this type
of compressor cannot be operated at partial power under rating-load condensation pressure.
The mean partial load factor f2,av for water-cooled refrigeration units shall be calculated as the mean value of
the hourly partial load factors f2,i for all hours of the year in which net refrigeration energy is supplied.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
f2 ,av =
∑ f 2,i (B.5)
1
∑ sn
n =0,1
where
f2,i is the partial load factor for recooling within the time interval i.
Equations (B.6) to (B.10) are used to determine the partial load factor f2,i for recooling for each hour as a
function of the refrigerating unit’s cooling-water output temperature TW,1 with respect to the type of recooling
(dry, wet) and the type of compressor.
⎯ Compressor-type refrigeration units/all types of compressor/evaporative recooler 33 °C/27 °C:
f 2,i = −0,0307 ⋅ TW,1,i + 2,0164 (with 12 °C ≤ TW,1 ≤ 40 °C); (B.6)
⎯ Compressor-type refrigeration units/piston and turbo compressors/dry recooling 45 °C/40 °C (30 %

glycol):
f 2,i = −0,0249 ⋅ TW,1,i + 2,1181 (with 15 °C ≤ TW,1 ≤ 50 °C); (B.7)
⎯ Compressor-type refrigeration units/screw compressors/dry recooling 45 °C/40 °C (30 % glycol):
f 2,i = −0,0486 ⋅ TW,1,i + 3,1851 (with 15 °C ≤ TW,1 ≤ 50 °C); (B.8)
⎯ Absorption chillers/evaporative recooling 33 °C/27 °C:
f 2,i = −0,0217 ⋅ TW,1,i + 1,7174 (with 20 °C ≤ TW,1 ≤ 40 °C); (B.9)
⎯ Absorption chillers/dry recooling 45 °C/40 °C (30 % glycol):
f 2,i = −0,0294 ⋅ TW,1,i + 2,3235 (with 20 °C ≤ TW,1 ≤ 50 °C). (B.10)
The cooling-water output temperatures TW,1 shall also be calculated for hourly intervals, taking into
consideration the operation limits specific to the devices. This includes setting a minimum value for the
cooling-water output temperature TW,1. A device-specific minimum cooling-water output temperature of 20 °C
has been assumed to apply for water-cooled refrigeration units evaluated using the characteristic value
method. On the one hand, this value takes into account the operating limits of most types of refrigeration unit,
and on the other hand, further reduction of the cooling-water temperature levels can only be achieved with
considerable recooling, which would counteract the energy benefits gained by the refrigeration unit.
The cooling-water temperatures shall be determined by iteration for every time interval i, whereby equations
(B.11) and (B.12) are to be applied for evaporative recooling systems and equations (B.11) and (B.14) for dry
recooling systems. The partial load factors f1,i for the refrigeration unit as required in these equations shall be
determined as a function of the partial load demand values qi given in Table B.4 for every time interval i.
Q& R,outg,i
TW ,2,i = TW,1, i − ⋅ (TW ,1,0 − TW,2,0 ) (B.11)
Q&
R,outg
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
TW,1,i is the cooling-water output temperature of the refrigeration unit during time interval i, in °C;
TW,1,0 is the cooling-water output temperature of the refrigeration unit when running at rated
cooling power, in °C;
TW,2,i is the cooling-water input temperature of the refrigeration unit during time interval i, in °C;
TW,2,0 is the cooling-water input temperature of the refrigeration unit when running at rated cooling
power, in °C;
Q&R,outg is the rated recooling power, in kW;
Q&R,outg,i is the recooling power within the time interval i, in kW.
⎛ 1 ⎞
with Q&R,outg,i = Q& C,outg,i ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎟ for compressor-type refrigeration units
⎜ EER ⋅ f1,i ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 1 ⎞
and Q&R,outg,i = Q& C,outg,i ⋅ ⎜1 + ⎟ for absorption chillers
⎜ ς⋅f ⎟
⎝ 1,i ⎠
where
EER is the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling in kW/kW;
ζ is the rated heat ratio, in kW/kW;
f1,i is the partial load factor for recooling within the time interval i.
Evaporative recoolers:
TW,2,i = TW,1,i − η V,i ⋅ (TW,1,i − TF,i ) (B.12)
For evaporative recoolers, the temperature ratio ηV,i shall be calculated as a function of the wet-bulb
temperature TF,i for each time interval i.
η V,i = 0,005 ⋅ TF,i + 0,395 (with 10 °C ≤ TF,1 ≤ 25 °C) (B.13)
where
TF,i is the wet-bulb temperature of external air during time interval i, in °C;
ηV,i is the temperature ratio of the evaporative recooler within the time interval i.
Dry recoolers:
TW,2,i = TW,1,i − η tr ⋅ (TW,1,i − TAU,i ) (B.14)
with ηtr = 0,385
87
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
TAU,i is the external air temperature during time interval i, in °C;
ηtr is the temperature ratio of the dry recooler.
The temperature ratio of the recooling systems of water-cooled refrigeration units evaluated using the
characteristic value method applies for an assumed cooling zone range of 5 K and a cooling limit difference of
8 K as normal standard design parameters.
B.4 Partial load characteristics of recooling systems

The utilization factor fR,av of recooling systems of water-cooled refrigeration units shall be calculated by
applying equation (B.15) to the mean value of the partial load air-volume ratio of the recooling system. Since
the overall efficiency of the fan decreases when running under partial load conditions, only the square of the
ratio of the fan power to air volume transported is used in the evaluation.
2
⎛ V&L,i ⎞
∑ ⎜
⎜ V&
⎟
⎟
⎝ L ⎠i
fR,av = (B.15)
1
∑ sn
n = 0,1
where
⎛ V&L,i ⎞
⎜ ⎟ is the partial load air-flow ratio of the recooling system within the time interval i;
⎜ V& ⎟
⎝ L ⎠i
f R,av is the utilization factor of the recooling system.
The partial load air-flow ratio shall be determined for every time interval i as a function of the cooling-water
temperatures and the type of recooling, whereby equation (B.16) is applied for evaporative recooling (VK) and
equation (B.19) for dry recooling (TK). In these calculations, the air-flow ratio shall never be lower than the
minimum limit of 25 %.
Evaporative recoolers:
⎛ η ⎞
ln⎜⎜1 − V,i ⎟⎟ ⋅ lmin,i
⎛ V&L,i ⎞ cK ⎠ ⎛ V& ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = ⎝ with ⎜ L,i ⎟ ≥ 0,25 (B.16)
⎜ V& ⎟ ⎛ η ⎞ ⎜ V& ⎟
⎝ L ⎠ VK ln⎜⎜1 − V ⎟⎟ ⋅ lmin ⎝ L ⎠ VK
⎝ cK ⎠
where
ηV is the temperature ratio of evaporative recooling at rated full power;
lmin is the relative minimum air volume flow at rated full power;
cK is the cooling-tower constant of evaporative recooling systems;
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
lmin,i is the relative minimum air volume flow within the time interval i;
ηV,i is the temperature ratio of the evaporative recooler within the time interval i.
The following parameters shall be used as default values when evaluating recooling systems using the
characteristic value method:
⎯ temperature ratio at rated full power ηV = 0,5 (cooling zone range 6 K, cooling difference limit 6 K);
⎯ relative minimum air flow at rated full power lmin = 0,87;
⎯ cooling-tower constant cK = 0,8.
The temperature ratio ηV,i per time interval i is calculated using equation (B.17) and the relative minimum air
flow lmin,i per time interval i is calculated using equation (B.18).
TW,1,i − TW,2,i
η V,i = (B.17)
TW,1,i − TF,i
lmin,i = −0,0162 ⋅ TF,i + 1,2103 (with 10 °C ≤ TF,i ≤ 25 °C) (B.18)
where
TW,1,i is the cooling-water input temperature of the recooling system during time interval i, in °C;
TW,2,i is the cooling-water output temperature of the recooling system during time interval i, in °C;
TF,i is the wet-bulb temperature of external air during time interval i, in °C.
Dry recoolers:
⎛ V&L,i
⎜
⎞ (T − TW,2,i ) ⋅ (TW,2,0 − TAU,0 ) with ⎛⎜ V&L,i ⎞⎟ ≥ 0,25
⎟ = W,1,i (B.19)
⎠ TK (TW ,1,0 − TW ,2,0 ) (TW ,2,i − TAU,i )
⎜ V& ⎟ ⎜ V& ⎟
⎝ L ⎝ L ⎠ TK
where
TW,1,i is the cooling-water input temperature of the recooling system during time interval i, in °C;
TW,1,0 is the cooling-water input temperature of the recooling system when running at rated cooling
power, in °C;
TW,2,i is the cooling-water output temperature of the recooling system during time interval i, in °C;
TW,2,0 is the cooling-water output temperature of the recooling system when running at rated cooling
power, in °C;
TAU,0 is the external air temperature at rated full power is defined, in °C, (TAU,0 = 32 °C);
TAU,i is the external air temperature during time interval i, in °C.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
In detailed energy-balance studies, the operating time of the recooling system tR,op can differ from the value
obtained using equation (64). In such cases, equation (B.20) shall be applied to determine this time on the
basis of the partial load demand values sn of all partial load stages kn:
1
tR = ∑ sn in h (B.20)
n =0,1
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex C
(normative)
Heat sources and sinks
C.1 General
In the final energy balances, system losses in the zones under consideration are taken into account as heat
sources and heat sinks.
C.2 Heat sources
⎯ Uncontrolled heat gains due to mechanical ventilation: QI,vh = Qvh,ce + Qvd,d (see 6.3)
NOTE Qvh,d = 0 for systems with distribution within the thermal envelope (including those in unheated plant rooms).
When the chiller control and emission functions are located inside the plant room, Qvh,ce is considered a heat source in
that zone; if they are located outside the building, Qvh,ce is not a heat source in the building.
In the calculations described in DIN V 18599-3 and the present document, the supply air temperatures are
always assumed to be lower than the room temperature. The extract-air temperatures are assumed to be
roughly equal to room temperature.
⎯ Uncontrolled heat gains due to the cooling and refrigeration system: QI,ch = Qc,ce,aux
The chilled water distribution temperature is always lower than the room temperature.
C.3 Heat sinks
⎯ Uncontrolled cold gains due to the chilled water system for HVAC: QI,C* = 0
(assumption that the HVAC system chilled water distribution is not normally routed inside the conditioned
area)
⎯ Uncontrolled cold gains due to the chilled water system for room conditioning: QI,C = Qc,d (see 6.2.2)
⎯ Uncontrolled cold gains due to mechanical ventilation: QI,ve = 0
The cooling-water distribution of refrigeration units is not normally routed inside the conditioned area.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex D
(informative)
Guidelines for calculating the electrical energy demand of cooling-water

and chilled-water distribution systems
D.1 General
The effect of different system concepts on the energy required by pumps for chilled-water distribution is
described below using a multiple-circuit system within an office building (see Figure D.1) as an example.
Figure D.1 — Example of a multi-circuit chilled water distribution system
D.2 Specific volume flow in the distribution circuit

The volume flow in the distribution circuits at the design point is calculated using equation (29). If water is
used as a cooling medium, the following specific volume flows Vd,spez per kW refrigeration capacity are
obtained (see Table D.1).
Table D.1 — Specific volume flows
Temperature Vd,spez
Distribution circuit
difference (m3/h)/kW
Primary circuit,
Main distribution, ∆ϑZ,cl = 6 K 4,0 ⋅ 10–5
Central ventilation (CVS)
Building cooling (BCS) ∆ϑZ,cl = 2 K 1,2 ⋅ 10–4
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
D.3 Pressure losses ∆pZ at the design point

The pressure loss at the design point is a function of the resistance and length of the pipework and the
additional resistances of the individual components (valves, heat exchangers etc.). Depending on the size of
the building and the design of the hydraulic system, the pressure losses, resulting for the same type of
conditioning tasks, can differ considerably. Specification of undersized pipework when designing systems
means lower investment costs but higher energy requirements and vice-versa. Table D2 shows typical values
of pressure losses in various types of system.
Table D.2 — Pressure losses at the design point
Pressure losses ∆pZ in the distribution circuit, in kPa

Distribution circuit
With optimized energy
High resistance Medium resistance
efficiency
Primary circuit 150 100 50
Main distribution 400 250 150
Central ventilation (CVS) 250 150 100
Building cooling (BCS) 400 300 200
D.4 Annual pump operating times ∑ td,l

The annual operating times of the distribution circuit pumps, which depend on the system concept, are shown
in Table D.3, using an office building located in Germany as an example.
Table D.3 — Annual pump operating times
Operating timea
Distribution circuit h per annum
Demand-controlled Intermittent Seasonal
Primary circuit 1 250 – –
Main distribution,
Central ventilation (CVS) 1 300 2 200 5 100
Building cooling (BCS)
a All values are understood to be examples for an office building located in Germany with corresponding system hydraulics (see
Figure D.1) and are not to be considered as substitutes for normative calculations of the electrical energy demand of the pumps.
D.5 Specific electrical power for water distribution

The specific electrical power for water distribution can be used as a characteristic by which to determine the
design quality of the cooling-water and chilled water distribution systems. It is calculated as follows:
Pd,hydr ⋅ f e
Pd,spez,l = (D.1)
Q&z
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
where
Pd,spez,l is the specific electrical power for the distribution system, in W per kW rated refrigeration
capacity;
Pd,hydr is the hydraulic power of the system zone being evaluated, at the design point, in W (see (28));
fe is the pump efficiency factor (see (37) and (38) or (39));
Q& Z is the rated cooling or refrigeration capacity of the cooling zone at the design point, in kW (see
(29)).
D.6 Electrical energy demand of distribution

Assuming an office building located in Germany with a chilled water distribution circuit as an example (see
Figure D.1), the specific electrical energy demand of distribution can be estimated using the values given in
Table D.3. The specific electrical energy demand is the annual energy expenditure of the distribution circuit
pumps in relation to the respective refrigeration capacity; it is expressed in (kWh/a)/kW. Taking various design
and operating concepts (cases 1, 2 and 3) into consideration, the following values are obtained (see
Table D.4).
Table D.4 — Electrical energy demand of distribution
Characteristic Case 1a Case 2a Case 3a

with optimized energy
∆p of pipework high resistance medium resistance
efficiency
Operating time seasonal/intermittent intermittent demand-controlled
no pump adaptation,
as frequently seen in
Design no hydraulic adjustment optimum
practical installations
overflow in the network
Pump operating mode uncontrolled uncontrolled/controlled fully controlled
QZ, aux, d (kWh per annum)
, in
Q& Z kW
Primary circuit 16 5 2
Main distribution 59 12 5
Central ventilation (CVS) 48 20 7
Building cooling (BCS) 170 45 25
a All values are understood to be examples for an office building located in Germany with corresponding system hydraulics (see
Figure D.1) and are not to be considered as substitutes for normative calculations of the electrical energy demand of the pumps.
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex E
(informative)
Interfaces
E.1 Interfaces to other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards

Parameters that interface with the other parts of the DIN V 18599 series of prestandards are listed in
Tables E.1 and E.2.
Table E.1 — Input parameters
Symbol Meaning Document

Qvh,b Net heat of air conditioning DIN V 18599-3
Qvc,b Net cooling energy of air conditioning DIN V 18599-3
Qvm,b Net energy, steam humidification DIN V 18599-3
Qc,b,i Net energy for room conditioning per utilization unit/zone DIN V 18599-2
tRLT-Betrieb HVAC system operating time per month DIN V 18599-10
tH,r Relative annual running time of HVAC heating coil DIN V 18599-3
Q&H,max Maximum HVAC system heating power DIN V 18599-3
tC,r Relative annual running time of HVAC cooling coil DIN V 18599-3
Q& C *,max Maximum HVAC cooling power DIN V 18599-3
Q& C,max Maximum room conditioning system cooling power DIN V 18599-2
tc,op Room conditioning demand time DIN V 18599-2

tWRG Annual HVAC heat recovery demand time DIN V 18599-3
tVB Annual HVAC humidification demand time DIN V 18599-3
βc,grenz Minimum utilization for calculation of cooling time DIN V 18599-2
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Table E.2 — Output parameters
Symbol Meaning Document

Qh*,b Net heating coil energy DIN V 18599-5
ϑh* HVAC heating coil system temperature DIN V 18599-5

tH*,op Monthly HVAC heating demand time DIN V 18599-5
QC,outg,therm Net thermal energy, thermal refrigeration units < 110 °C DIN V 18599-5
ϑC,therm Input temperature of heat carrier for thermal refrigeration units DIN V 18599-5
tR,op Monthly net heat demand time for thermal refrigeration units DIN V 18599-5
Qrd,mot, Qrd Recovered thermal energy from refrigeration DIN V 18599-5
ϑrd* Output temperature of recovered thermal energy DIN V 18599-5

Ql,vh Uncontrolled heat gains due to mechanical ventilation DIN V 18599-2
Ql,ch Uncontrolled heat gains due to the cooling and refrigeration system DIN V 18599-2
Ql,c* Uncontrolled cold gains due to HVAC chilled water system DIN V 18599-2
Ql,c Uncontrolled cold gains due to HVAC chilled water system DIN V 18599-2
Ql,vc Uncontrolled cold gains due to mechanical ventilation DIN V 18599-2
Qc,f,j (electr) Delivered (electrical) energy for refrigeration DIN V 18599-1
Qc,f,j (therm) Delivered thermal energy (gas, steam) for refrigeration DIN V 18599-1
Qc,aux Auxiliary energy for cooling system, room conditioning DIN V 18599-1
Qc*,aux Auxiliary energy for cooling system, HVAC system DIN V 18599-1
Qh*,aux HVAC auxiliary energy (not for fans) DIN V 18599-1
Qm*,aux Auxiliary energy for steam supply DIN V 18599-1
Qy,aux Additional forms of auxiliary energy DIN V 18599-1
βc,grenz Minimum utilization for calculation of cooling time DIN V 18599-2
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DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex F
(normative)
Default values for refrigeration equipment in existing systems
F.1 Existing systems from 1990 onwards

The characteristics for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling EER from subclause 7.1 apply to systems
from 1990 onwards (according to the year of construction on the compressor type plate).
F.2 Existing systems before 1995

The characteristics for the rated energy efficiency ratio of cooling, EER, from subclause 7.1apply to systems
before 1995, using a factor fC,Bestand to account for the age of the equipment.
EERBestand = EER* fC,Bestand
Table F.1 — Factor taking into account the age of existing refrigeration equipment
Year of construction Age factor fC,Bestand
after 1990 1
after 1985 to 1990 0,92
after 1980 to 1985 0,87
before 1980 0,82
The part load factors PLVav from Annex A apply equally to existing systems and new systems.
97
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex G
(normative)
Estimation of heat recovery
G.1 Estimation of heat recovery for existing systems

If acceptance reports or standing data of installed heat recovery systems are available, the data they contain
shall be used to calculate the energy requirements of the ventilation installations according to this standard
(characteristic values without condensation).
If data are unavailable or cannot be supplied by the manufacturer of the heat recovery system, the
temperature ratio can be estimated using the
⎯ air volume flow and
⎯ geometry
as parameters.
In most cases it is assumed that the external air/exhaust air flows are in equilibrium.
G.2 Estimation of temperature ratios in fixed plate heat exchangers

The temperature ratio in fixed plate heat exchangers is estimated as follows if no detailed data are available.
Table G.1 — Estimation of the temperature ratio ηt for fixed plate heat exchangers
Ratio of edge length to plate spacing Temperature ratio

s ηt
80 and less 0,36

100 0,38
120 0,42
140 0,44
160 0,48
180 0,49
200 and more 0,51
The above values apply for heat exchangers with four square plates (crossflow heat exchangers), with
intermediate values being obtained by linear interpolation;
⎯ face velocity relative to the net cross section of the fixed plate heat exchanger: 2 m/s to 4 m/s
⎯ moisture ratio: ηx = 0.
98
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Figure G.1 — Dimensions of heat exchanger (notation)
G.3 Estimation of the temperature ratio for rotary heat exchangers
An estimation of the temperature ratio ηt for rotary heat exchangers without sorption material is shown in
Figure G.2.
Figure G.2 —Rotary heat exchangers without sorption material
⎯ face velocity relative to the net rotor cross section;
⎯ fin spacing < 2 mm.
99
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Moisture ratio ηx = 0
The flow velocity is determined from the nominal supply air volume flow (see Annex H) and the measured net
cross section of the rotor in the supply air volume flow (semi-circle) normal to the direction of air flow (fins).
G.4 Rotary heat exchangers with sorption material
An estimation of the temperature ratio ηt (ηx) for rotary heat exchangers with sorption material is shown in
Figure G.3.
Figure G.3 — Rotary heat exchangers with sorption material
⎯ face velocity relative to the net rotor cross section;
⎯ fin spacing < 2 mm.
Approximation for moisture ratio: ηx = ηt
cross section of the rotor in the supply air volume flow (semi-circle) normal to the direction of air flow (fins).
100
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
G.5 Estimation of the temperature ratio in integrated fluid circulation coil heat
exchangers
An estimation of the temperature ratio ηt for integrated fluid circulation coil heat exchangers is shown in
Figure G.4.
Figure G.4 — Estimation of the temperature ratio for integrated fluid circulation coil heat exchangers
cross section of the heat exchanger (fins of the matrix) normal to the direction of air flow (fins).
The construction depth relates to the length of the fins in the direction of flow. Construction depths shall be
added if the heat exchanger is of the separate design.
101
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Annex H
(normative)
External air volume flow and specific power demand of fans in

existing systems
H.1 Evaluation of energy demand

To evaluate the energy required by existing HVAC systems, the following characteristics shall be determined
in a physical inspection or energy calculation of ventilation systems:
⎯ external air volume flow in each system or area of the utilization unit Vmech;
⎯ specific power demand of the supply air fan PSFP,Zuluft;
⎯ specific power demand of the extract air fan PSFP,Zuluft;
⎯ increase in static pressure in the supply air fan ∆pZuluft;
⎯ increase in static pressure in the extract air fan ∆pZuluft.
NOTE Information on how to determine these values is given in DIN EN 13779 and DIN EN 15239.
H.2 Use of values

If the above values are available from an inspection and no changes have since been made to the system,
those values may be used.
NOTE Further information may be obtained from, for example, VDM 24186, AMEV Wartung 2006 and FGK Status
Report No. 5.
If no data are available in the documentation, the information on the fan type plate may be used.
102
DIN V 18599-7:2007-06
Bibliography
E DIN EN 1886, Ventilation for buildings — Air handling units — Mechanical performance
DIN EN 13053, Ventilation for buildings — Air handling units — Rating and performance for units, components
and sections
DIN EN 12792, Ventilation for buildings — Symbols, terminology and graphical symbols
DIN EN 14511-1, Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 1: Concepts
compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 2: Test conditions
compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 3: Test methods
compressors for space heating and cooling — Part 4: Requirements
VDI 2067 Part 21, Economic efficiency of building installations — Energy effort of benefit transfer — HVAC
systems
VDI 2071, Heat recovery in heating, ventilation and air conditioning plants
FGK Statusreport Nr. 5 — Energetische Inspektion von Lüftungs- und Klimaanlagen (FGK Status report No. 5
— Energy-related inspection of ventilation and air conditioning plants)
Einführung Wartung (Introduction to maintenance), Arbeitskreis Maschinen- und Elektrotechnik staatlicher und
kommunaler Verwaltungen (AMEV) (Federal and local government machinery and electrotechnology working
group) 2006
103

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Date: 2007 February

Supersedes DIN V 18599-7:2005-07

6.5.3.2 Correction factor fadap for adaptation: ............................................................................................ 41

6.5.3.3 Pump power control during operation ..............................................................................................41

D.2 Specific volume flow in the distribution circuit............................................................................... 92

Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599 .............................................................................................10

Table 1 — Symbols, units and subscripts ..........................................................................................................16

Table 15 — Electrical power for rotor drives ......................................................................................................43

Table D.1 — Specific volume flows....................................................................................................................92

No draft of the present prestandard has been published.

Comments on experience with this prestandard should be sent:

⎯ Part 2: Energy needs for heating and cooling of building zones

⎯ Part 3: Energy need for air conditioning

⎯ Part 4: Energy need and delivered energy for lighting

⎯ Part 5: Delivered energy for heating systems

⎯ Part 10: Boundary conditions of use, climatic data

Figure 1 — Overview of the parts of DIN V 18599

⎯ residential buildings and non-residential buildings;

⎯ planned or new building constructions and existing buildings.

The procedure for calculating the balances is suitable for:

⎯ air conditioning (including cooling and humidification),

⎯ heating the domestic hot water supply, and

Figure 2 — System principle of heating, ventilation and air conditioning

Figure 3 — Content and scope of DIN V 18599-7

3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units

3.1 Terms and definitions

NOTE See DIN EN 308.

3.2 Symbols, units and subscripts

Table 1 — Symbols, units and subscripts

Symbol Meaning Unit

ηvh,ce Efficiency of heat emission to the room – heating air distribution –

Symbols Meaning Unit

Figure 4 — Heating for the HVAC system

Figure 5 — Cooling for the HVAC system

Figure 6 — Cooling energy for room conditioning

Figure 7 — Steam generation for humidification

4.1 Interfaces to the heating system

Reheating in the supply air to achieve room temperature (see

Recooling in the supply air to achieve room temperature (see

Secondary air heating in the zone by means of induction

Secondary air cooling in the zone by means of induction

Static heating in the zone by means of convectors, heated

Static cooling in the zone by means of convectors, cooled

5 Energy need for air conditioning

5.1 Default values for HVAC system components

Table 3 shows default values for fans.

Table 3 — Default values for fans

Total pressure increase ∆ptot at an overall

Exhaust air fans 1,250 kW/(m3/s) 750 Pa

5.1.2 Heat recovery

Table 4 shows default values for heat recovery system solutions.

Table 4 — Default values for heat recovery system solutions

Recovered heat Recovered moisture

Fixed plate heat exchangers 0,5 –

5.2 Notes on selecting a room conditioning (HVAC) system

Calculation values for the temperature difference

5.3 Energy need for the HVAC heating coils

Qh*,b = Qvh,b + Qvh,ce + Qvh,d (2)

Qh*,b is the energy need for the heating coils

Qvh,b is the net heat of air conditioning (see DIN V 18599-3);

Qvh,ce = (1 – ηvh,ce) ⋅ Qvh,b (3)

Qvh,d = fvh,d ⋅ AK,A ⋅ th*,op,mth/1 000 (4)

if th,op,mth > tRLT-Betrieb,mth, then th,op, mth = tRLT-Betrieb,mth;

tC,op,mth = tC,r · bVC,mth/bVC*,a (11)

bVC,mth = Qvc,b/ Q& C*,max (12)

Qc,outg = Qc,b + Qc,ce + Qc,d + Qc*,s (15)

Qc,ce = ((1 – ηc,ce) + (1 – ηc,ce,sens))·Qc,b (16)

Qc,d = (1 – ηc,d) ⋅ Qc*,b (17)

Cooling system ηc,ce,sens ηc,ce ηc*,d

Qm,outg = Qm,b + Qm,ce + Qm,d (24)