Prashant mathur

neha gupta
monu k. verma
Mohd. shoaib
 WHAT IS A SEARCH ENGINE ?
Search
COMPUTING to examine a computer file, disk,
database, or network for particular information.
Engine
Something that supplies the driving force or energy
to a movement, system, or trend.
Search Engine
A computer program that searches for particular
keywords and returns a list of documents in which
they were found, especially a commercial service
that scans documents on the Internet.
DIFFERENT SEARCH ENGINES
WHAT A SEARCH ENGINE CAN
DO ?
Search engines do not search only for keywords,
some search for other stuff as well and they are
really not “engines” in the classical sense but then
mouse is not a “mouse”
 PAGE RANK
1. A page is important when it is referred to a lot, or
referred to from an important page
2. PR is used to prioritize; works well even with
search is just on page titles
DIFFERENT SEARCH ENGINES
& PORTALS
 3 BASIC TASKS
Internet search engines are special sites on the
Web that are designed to help people find
information stored on other sites. There are
differences in the ways various search engines
work, but they all perform three basic tasks:
1. They search the Internet or select pieces from the
Internet based on important keywords.
2. They keep an index of the words they find and
where they find them.
3. They allow users to look for words or combinations
of words found in that index.
KEY TERMS RELATED TO SEARCH
ENGINE
WORKING
A search engine operates, in the following order
Crawling
Follow links to find information

Indexing
Record what words appear where

Ranking
What information is a good match to a user query?
What information is inherently good?
 (CONTD.)
Displaying
Find a good format for the information

Serving
Handle queries, find pages, display results
 (CONTD.)
1. Spiders: To find information on the hundreds of
millions of Web pages that exist, a search engine
employs special software robots, called spiders, to
build lists of the words found on Web sites.
"Spiders" take a Web page's content and create
key search words that enable online users to find
pages they're looking for.
2. Crawling: When a spider is building its lists, the
process is called Web. In order to build and
maintain a useful list of words, a search engine's
spiders have to look at a lot of pages.
 (CONTD.)
1. Indexing: For fast accessing of data.
2. Meta tag: The contents of each page are then
analyzed to determine how it should be indexed
(for example, words are extracted from the titles,
headings, or special fields).
 KEYWORD DENSITY
Keyword Density: The ratio of the number of
occurrences of a word or phrase on a page to the
total number of words on the page.
DIFFERENT SEARCH ENGINES
PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF
WORKING OF
SEARCH ENGINE
Standard Web Search Engine Archite
Check for duplicates,
crawl the store the
web documents
DocIds

user create an
inverted
query index

Search
Show results Inverted
engine
To user index
servers
 GOPHER, ARCHIE, VERONICA
Programs with names like “gopher”, “Archie”,
”Veronica” kept indexes of files stored on servers
connected to the Internet, and dramatically
reduced the amount of time required to find
programs and documents. In the late 1980s, getting
serious value from the Internet meant knowing
how to use Gopher, Archie, and the rest.
 BUILDING A SEARCH
Building a more complex query requires the use of
Boolean operators that allow you to refine and
extend the terms of the search. The Boolean
operators most often seen are:
1. AND - All the terms joined by "AND" must appear
in the pages or documents. Some search engines
substitute the operator "+" for the word AND.
2. OR - At least one of the terms joined by "OR" must
appear in the pages or documents.
 (CONTD.)
1. NOT - The term or terms following "NOT" must not
appear in the pages or documents. Some search
engines substitute the operator "-" for the word NOT.
2. FOLLOWED BY - One of the terms must be directly
followed by the other.
3. NEAR - One of the terms must be within a specified
number of words of the other.
4. Quotation Marks - The words between the quotation
marks are treated as a phrase, and that phrase must
be found within the document or file.
 SEARCH ENGINE
OPTIMIZATION
1. Is the process of improving the volume and quality
of traffic to a website from search engine.
2. As a marketing strategy for increasing a site's
relevance, SEO considers how search algorithm
work and what people search for.
3. Everyone knows they should be doing it.
 OPTIMIZATION
Search engines often index millions of pages for
certain key words, and your website can be buried
deep on page 100 or worse if it is not optimized
properly. Building a website or adjusting a website
so that it comes up on the first or second page of
search engine results is what our SEO Service does,
and this is known as search engine optimization. If
your page is not optimized it will not get a high
ranking and you will not get results, no matter how
many search engines the site has been submitted
to.
OPTIMIZATION EXAMPLE
 (CONTD.)
1. Effective SEO may require changes to the html
source code of a site, SEO tactics may be
incorporated into web site development and
design. The term "search engine friendly" may be
used to describe web site designs, menus, content
management system and shopping carts that are
easy to optimize.
2. Hardly anyone actually does.
 HIGH QUALITY SEARCH
The biggest problem facing users of web search
engines today is the quality of the results they get
back. While the results are often amusing and
expand user’s horizons, they are often frustrating
and consume precious time. In order to accomplish
this Google makes heavy use of hypertextual
information consisting of link structure and link
(anchor) text.
• Percentage of web users who visit the site
shown
 LIMITATIONS
1. Every search engine has limitation as to coverage.
2. Some have compromised search with economics
i.e. becoming little more than advertisers .
3. Search engines are also many times victims of
spam indexing affecting what is included and how
ranked.
INCREASING NUMBERS OF
INDEXED PAGES
 FACTS
1. Most search engines have vanished.
2. Google is a big player.
3. 63% of Internet users use a search engine in a
given session.
4. Approximately 94 million adults use the internet
on an average day.
5. This means approximately 59.22 MILLION people
use search engines in an average day.
6. Microsoft realized Internet is here to stay
i. Dominates the browser market.
ii. Realizes search is critical.
 CONCLUSION
Search Engine is designed for getting relevant
results. The primary goal is to provide high quality
search results over a rapidly growing World Wide
Web.
e.g. Google employs a number of techniques to
improve search quality including page rank, anchor
text, and proximity information. Furthermore,
Google is a complete architecture for gathering
web pages, indexing them, and performing search
queries over them.