CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND FRAMEWORKS OF THE SRUDY

The purpose of this review of literature is to established the facts which are already known
from the previous researchers. The literature that will be discussed will add up to the
knowledge of the researchers for the research study.

Foreign literature

Smith (2010), suggested some factors that students can consider in decision making. First
factor is knowing your natural talents. In this case we should choose a cause that fits your
talents, a course that you can work on easily. Next is work style, means that you should
examine yourself about how you work on study. He said that in choosing a career does not
necessarily mean you have to reevaluate down the line based on your long-term objectives.

Smith article is related to this research study because it shows how students should examine
themselves. Students should more likely to prioritize their self- decision than others. He showed
that students should pick a course that they are good with or a course that they can put their
heart on self -chosen course should prevail.

Ogowewo (2010), explained that the choice of career was gender biased and the factors that
influenced the students choice of career were; interest, life ambition, challenging nature of the
career, prestige attached to profession, intellectual ability, high salary potential, and prospects
of job opportunity. He also said school counselor should employ their expertise to determine
the aptitude and interest of students in the career choice.

This article embodies that there are a lot of factors a student can consider in choosing a
course. It explains that students should deeply examine themselves about their interest, their
ability and skills. And what courses are in need, and if their course preferred has a great help in
future career path.

Davidson (2009), said that choosing a career is one of the most influential decisions in life you
make in your life. Unlike a job that is used to solely pay bills, a career is a pursuit that normally
requires a lot of time and emotional investment on top of the need to provide for yourself and
a possible family. Choosing a career can be difficult and a number of different factors play into
the decision of what career to pursue.

The message of this article is related to our study because it explains the decision in choosing a
career path. A student should not take decision making easily. They should give time in deciding
what course to take. Career is what a student will have after graduating college. This is about
the profession a student can have in the near future.
 Slutsky (2010), discussed that choosing a career is a decisions that affect the standard of life,
the daily activity and social life. Many people have difficulty deciding on their career, but
certain factors influence their decision. Researching careers, interest, family business, family
profession and education of parents, and high school, are the factors that mostly students take
into consideration based on her study.

Slutsky’s article is related to our study because it discusses that not only personal qualities a
student possess are the only thing that needs to be considered but also the state of living of the
family, and family background. This article wants students to understand that parents also be
part the decision making.

Brown (2009), emphasized that finding the perfect college for students is a time consuming
task that requires patience and research. As you search for the perfect school to fulfill your
academic dreams, take time to meet with college administrators and professors at each of your
prospective schools. Take the following factors into account during your selection process. The
factors are cost, size, location, housing, student life, admissions, and programs.

In this article it points out that students should not only think about what course they should
take but also bear in mind in what school they should study. Determining what course to study
and in what school to study is connected to each other, that is why this article is related to eacg
other.

Jaschik (2013), hinted that maybe it is much more simple under graduated are significantly
more likely to major in a field if they have an inspiring and caring faculty member in their
introduction to the field. And they are equally likely to unite off a field based on a single
negative experience with a professor. In choice of major is due to faculty members although the
influence can go either way. Faculty determine students taste for academic fields by acting as
gatekeepers, either by welcoming them into an area of knowledge, encouraging and inspiring
them to explore it, or by raising the costs of entry so high to effectively prohibit continuing in it.
Faculty can positively or negatively influence student taste for a field that they previously
disliked, while other, move uncharismatic faculty can alienate students from entire bodies of
knowledge, sometimes permanently.

In this article it explain that some students consider their teachers or professors in their
decision making. Their teachers set as the role models for them, some students choose the
same course that their teacher took. It is related to our study because it is about the teachers
who become a major factor in the decision making of the students.
 Hecrne (2009), affirmed that parents are deeply involved and influential to their high-
achieving children college choices, friends, alumni admitted student programs are extremely
influential to students.

Other people’s influence to students can be considered but it depends on the student if they
should take the opinion of their friends in choosing a course. It is related to our study because
the researchers want the students to realize that not all the opinions of others should be taken
into consideration. Students should know how to weigh things so that they can choose a right
course for them

Local literature

Professional regulation commission (PRC) commissioner Jenifer Jardin-Manalili (2011),

believed that students looking to be hired immediately upon graduation should steer away
from courses like nursing, criminology, and education. Instead, they would do well to go into
fields like: optometry, nutrition and dietetics, guidance counseling, social work, medical
technology, pharmacy, library science, psychology and dentistry. Based on their findings, there
was an oversupply and licensed professionals buying for jobs in the fields of nursing, education
and criminology.

This literature is related to this thesis because it helps us choose the right career for us. It also
tells us the different courses that are needed nowadays. It states that nursing, education and
criminology has an oversupply of licensed professionals.

Santos (2009), found that the students consider more carefully economic factors in times of
distress and financial difficulties. These factors include job opportunities to supplement their
income, accommodation cost and family home proximity.

This literature is somehow related to this research because it focuses on one factor that can
affect the choice of course which is to consider economic factors. This factor can help financial
difficulties.

Verona (2009), claimed that picking a career in the most important decision in the average
students makes. It should involve a self-critical analysis. Where does my talent lie, what is the
reality of earning a living by using it. Prepare yourself for a career that is based on the realities
of your talent and the job market.

This literature is related to this research because one of its factors in choosing the college
course is self-critical analysis. She considered this in picking a career.
Foreign studies

SJ Lee (2011), asserted that the significant factors used to choose college among in-state, out-
of-state and international students might not be the same. Tuition and financial aids are
different for each of these groups. Job opportunities during and after graduation are not the
same. Also, the reputations recognition of college might be different internationally and
domestically. This could affect job opportunities for students in their own countries.

In accordance to this research, it is assumed that the significance of the various factors is not
the same among these three groups of students.

Tan (2009), described the relative importance of major college course choice factors. It was
also conducted here in the Philippines so it can help many universities around the nation to
determine what and how many slots for the college course should be taken by means of how in
demand the courses are.

This study is related to this research because it tells that one major factors of college course
preference are in demand. They need to know how many slots are available depending on the
student’s choice of course.

Garce (2009), found out that by increasing career development activities, which include
setting career goals, students had a higher self-esteem. Another outcome of a higher self-
esteem, it can help us to choose more difficult goals. Students must be given an opportunity to
identify and explore their desired careers. Ultimately, students will further their education and
have a better chance of succeeding in the “do” or “die” world in which we live.

Garce wants to tell that if a student has higher self-esteem they can aim for more difficult
goals. Students should try and explore their preferred course for them to succeed and turn
their dreams into reality.

Kimura-walsh (2009), pointed the importance of school resources for Latina students in
college preparation, but also indicated that services available to these students differed based
on their class ranking and perceived eligibility for selective colleges.

This study is related to their thesis because it tells that school resources are important in
college preparations. They also see it as one of the factors in choosing course preference.

Anderson (2009), each study cited provided some insights into the college choice process.
The way in which students choose college may be changing from traditional methods. For
example, a recent article in USA today indicated that more students are using Facebook as a
way of communicating with university officials and taking care of business.
 Related to this thesis, this study tells that one of the reasons why students choose a college is
because of traditional method like social networking, where they interact with people in the
universities and the students there can promote the school.

Local studies

Mihyeon (2010), stated that the study suggested that parents, teachers and guidance
counselors should recognize their own critical roles in shaping high achieving students career
development and provide tailored career related services to meet different need of high
achieving students.

The study of mihyeon states that parents, teachers and guidance counselor should shape their
students and be a role model. They are responsible to provide career services related to the
student’s course to achieve higher standards of profession.

Perez (2010), studied that the factors that serve us preferences of students in choosing a
career in college include childhood aspirations, family, peers, interest, values and in-demand
jobs. Career preferences are free opportunity to select desired course. It also a decision-making
in a confusing situations which occur during the senior year of high school levels.

According to this study, it points out the different factors that affect the course of the student
like childhood aspirations, family, peers, interest, values and in-demand job. This factor also
helps the decision-making of the student especially senior high school.

Charmaine (2014), expressed that career planning may be considered as one of the most
important paths in an individual’s life, which leads to making informed career decisions or
choices.

Charmaine asserted that in the most cases where individuals make wrong career choices or
decisions, they end up being unemployable or may find themselves moving from one career to
the next because they actually do not know themselves quite well where they end up seeking
for career assistance.

Lacozta (2014), pointed that student also make choices that determine their living expenses
whether to live on campus or at home. They make up whatever differences exist between their
family’s resources and their total student budget through a combination of work, student loans,
and commercial credit.

According to lacozta, there is a huge different between living in the campus and living with
parents at home. Whatever the student preferred to choose, there are different impacts in the
student.
 Conceptual Framework

Grade 12 Students

Factors

 Peer’s influence
 Parent’s decision Preferred Course
 Job opportunity
 Self- decision
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

Based on the conceptual framework above, the factors affecting the decisions of the
students in their college course are personal choice of course, preferred course of the
parents, peers influence, deciding and choosing a college course.