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Will come back to this example later when we have more theory
SOME DEMONSTRATIONS:
switch
iron
• Starting/stopping current through loop in
battery Ammeter
one coil (primary) causes pulse of
current in coil (secondary) linked by iron
coil - this is a transformer primary secondary
emf – symbol is ε
• Work to push unit charge through a wire (or space)
• originally “electromotive force” BUT not a force: long name no longer used
dΦ B
ε =−
dt
d (B Acosθ )
SO Faraday’s law is ε = − dt
• varying magnitude B
• varying magnitude A
• combination of above
EXAMPLE (see Exs. 23.1, 23.2) :
A loop of wire is located in a uniform magnetic field that is changing with time.
What is the induced emf?
r
• B is uniform over the surface of area A bounded by the loop of wire so:
r r
Φ B = B ⋅ A = B Acos θ B
A
o B depends on time
dB
• So: ε = − Acos θ dt
emf INDUCED BY MOTION OF CONDUCTOR THROUGH MAG. FIELD (23.2)
r
• Pull bar to right with force FAPP
dΦ dx
• Induced emf is ε = − dt = − Bl d t = − Bl v
B
ε Bl v
• Magnitude of current is I = =
R R
Sliding Bar: Power dissipated (as heat) in resistance is P = I 2 R
• Where does this energy come from?
o Then Φ B (t ) = B Acos ω t
N S
• If there are N turns in the loop then induced emf is
dΦ d cos ω t
o ε = − N B
= − NAB = NABω sin ω t
dt dt ε
εmax
• Result is AC voltage: ε = NABω sin ω t t
o Amplitude is ε max = NABω
Alternating Current Generator (continued): Induced emf is ε = NABω sin ω t
r
o at this orientation, edges of loop are not cutting any B field lines
induced B
EXAMPLE: v
• Move bar magnet right toward loop S N
o Increases flux through loop
DEMONSTRATIONS:
• Magnetic levitation (jumping rings)
• Eddy current pendulum