1 Explain the the effect of concrete propertice while adding silicates and alumina silicates of calcium which are

ich are formed in

silca fume
Silica fume:is an artifitial pozzolona having high pozzolonic
activity.it is by product from an electric arc furness used in
manufacture of silicon metal or silicon alloy.it has high silica
content of more than 80%.it is an excellent for use a porland
cement supplyment
Function of silica fume:it is woks on two levels the hydration of
potland cement producrs many components,including silica
hydrates (CSH)and calcium hydroxide (CH).the silica fume is
added to the CH for produce the additional CSHto obtain a very
good compressive strength can exceed 15000 psi .the
additional CSH produce to by the silica fume is more resistant
to attack from aggressive chemical then the weaker CH.
Propertice of fresh concrete using the silica fume
:workability,bleeding and segregation, ssetting time ,plastic
shrinkage.
Workability:workability is reduced water demand increasing in
proportion to silica fume added.water demand is 1%for every
1%replacement of cement.lower slump and more cohesive mix.
the blast furness in molten form simultaneously with the
metallic iron.blst furness slag is blended with Portland cement
clinker to form Portland blast furness cement),GGBFSis used to
make durable concrete structers in combination with Portland
cement and other pozzolonic matrials
Durability :GGBS cement is routinely specified in concrete to
provide protection against both sulphate attack and chloride
attack.
Appearance:in contrast to the stony grey of concrete made
with Portland cement,the near -white clour ofGGBFS cement
permits architects to achive a lighter clour for exposed fair
faced concrete finishes,at no extra cost
Strength :concrete containing GGBFS cement has a higher
ultimate strength than concrete made with Portland cement ,it
has a higher proprortion of the strength -enhansing calcium
silicate hydrates(CHS) than concrete made with Portland
cement only,and a reduced contant of free lime,which does not
contribute to concretes strength.conrete made with GGBFS
continuous to gain strentgth over time,and has been shown to
double its 28 days strength over period iof 10-12 years.

Bleeding and segregation :bleeding is reduce as silica fume

particals find their way between two cement grain.segregation
is reduce the concrete mix is more cohesive due to increase in
number of solid to solid contact slolid.

Setting time:time result have shown that the initial setting time
and final setting time is not greately influenced.this increase
may be 30 min or so.

Plastic shrinkage :fresh concrete is subjected to surface

cracking is known as plastic shrinkage since the silica fume
concrete show no bleeding fresh concrete is subjected to the
plastic shrinkage .precautions should be taken as per normal
concrete .

Propertice of hardened concrete:drying

shrinkage,creep,strength.

Drying shrinkage:test by different reasercher show that the

long time shrinkage of concrete is not affected significant by
the addition of silica fume to the concrete.

Creep :the creep of the concrete containg silica fume will be

lower than the corresponding Portland cement concrete.

Strength:concrete containing silica fume show outstanding

performance in development of strength.strength of 62-80Mpa
can be easily achived.silica form forms backbone of high
performance concrete due to early high strength properties.

Effect of concrete propertice :high strentgth,water demabd

increased,no bleeding of concrete, reduce permiabilty,high
range water reducers required,increased chloride
permeability,increased plastic shrinkaged

Ground gradulated blast furnace slag(GGBS):GGBS is the

granular material formed when molten in blast furness slag,is
rapidly chilled immersion in water .it is a granular
product,highly cemetatious in nature and ground cement
fineness,hydrate like Portland cement.(blast furnace slag:a by
product of steel manufacture which is some time used aas
substitute of Portland cement.in steel industry when iron ore is
moltted,then in the molted state all the impurities come at its
surface which are removed called slag.it consist mainly of the