CLASS : XII

CHEMISTRY
SOLUTIONS (WORKSHEET)

1. Define the following

(i) Molarity
(ii) Molality
(iii) Mole fraction
(iv) Osmotic pressure
(v) Reverse osmosis
(vi) Isotonic solutions
(vii) Van’t Hoff factor
(viii) Azeotropes
(ix) Ebullioscopic constant or molal elevation constant
(x) Cryoscopic constant or molal depression constant
(xi)

2. State Raoult’s law for volatile and non volatile solutions.

3. What type of deviation is shown by the mixture of chloroform and ethanol? What type of
azeotrope is this?

4. State Henry’s law. What is the significance of KH.

5. Describe how the molecular mass of a substance can be determined by a method based on
measurement of osmotic pressure.

6. How is the measurement of osmotic pressure is widely used for determining molar
masses of macro molecules than the elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing
point of their solutions?

7. What is the expected value of van’t Hoff factor for K3[Fe(CN)6] in dilute solution?

8. Two liquids A & B on mixing produce a warm solution. What type of deviation from
Raoult’s law does it show?

9. Why is the vapour pressure of solution of glucose in water lower than that of water?

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10. When and why is molality is preferred over molarity in handling solutions in Chemistry?

11. Non ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviation from Raoult’s law What
are these deviations and why are they caused? Explain with one example for each type.
PROBLEMS BASED ON EACH TOPIC
TOPIC : EXPRESSING THE CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS
1. What is the molality of Ammonia in a solution containing 0.85g of NH3 in 100ml of a
liquid of density 0.85 g/cm3

2. A solution of glucose in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the molarity
of the solution?

3. Calculate the mass percentage of benzene and CCl4 when 22g benzene is dissolved in
122g of benzene.

4. Calculate the amount of benzoic acid required for preparing 250ml of 0.15M solution in
methanol.

5. A solution is obtained by mixing 300g of 25% solution and 400g of 40% solution by
mass. Calculate the mass percentage of the resulting solution.

TOPIC: RELATIVE LOWERING OF VAPOUR PRESSURE

6. The vapour pressure of water at 1000C is 760 mm Hg while that of dilute solution of urea
in water is 740 mm Hg . Then calculate the mass of urea present in 7.6g of water.

7. The vapour pressure of 10% aq. Solution of non volatile substance at 373K is 750 mm . If
vapour pressure of pure water at 373 K is 760mm. Find the molecular mass of solute.

8. Calculate the vapour pressure of an aq. Solution which contains 8 mass percentage of
glucose. Vapour pressure of pure water is 23.5mm.

9. 5g of a compound in 100g of at 303K ., the vapour pressure was found to be 4.16KPa. If

the vapour pressure of pure water is 4.24KPa at this temperature. What is the molecular
mass of the compound?

TOPIC : ELEVATION IN BOILING POINT

10. Calculate the boiling point of aq. solution of glucose if 18g of glucose is dissolved in 1Kg
of water. Kb of water is 0.52 KKgmol-1.

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11. The boiling point of solution of urea in water is 100.130C . Calculate the freezing point of
the solution (Kf and Kb of water are 1.86KKgmol-1 and 0.52KKgmol-1.

12. Calculate the normal boiling point of a sample of sea water containing 3.5% of NaCl and
0.13% MgCl2 by mass. (Kb = 0.52 KKgmol-1)

13. What would be the molar mass of a compound of 6.12g dissolved in 24g of CHCl3 forms
a solution that has a boiling point of 68.040C. The boiling point of pure CHCl3 is 61.70C
and Kb is 3.63KKgmol-1.

TOPIC : DEPRSSION IN FREEZING POINT

14. An aq. Solution of NaCl freezes below 272K. Explain the lowering of freezing point
with the help of suitable diagram.

15. A solution contains 0.8g of glucose in 80g of water. Calculate the freezing point of
solution.(Kf = 1.86 KKg mol-1)

16. A solution of 1.2g of urea in 40g of water freezes at 272.07K. 3g of an unknown

compound in 100g of water freezes at 272.69K . Calculate the molecular mass of the
unknown compound.

17. 200g of glucose is dissolved in 1000 g of water . Calculate the depression in freezing
point.

18. What mass of ethylene glycol (Molar mass = 62g/mol) must be added to 5.5Kg of water
to lower the freezing point if water from 00C to -100C

TOPIC : OSMOTIC PRESSURE

19. When outer shell of two eggs are removed , one of the eggs is placed in pure water and
the other is placed in saturated solution of NaCl . What will be the observation and why?

20. Why is the osmotic pressure of 1M KCl is higher than that of urea solution.

21. Why do doctors advice gargles by saline water in case of sore throat?

22. An aq. Solution of 2% non volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal
boiling point of the solvent. What is the molecular mass of the solute?

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 TOPIC : VAN’T HOFF FACTOR

23. The elevation in boiling point of 0.1molal solution of X in water is 0.15360C. What
conclusion do you draw about the molecular state of X? (Kb= 0.512KKgmol-1)

24. A I molal aq. Solution of trichloro acetic acid is heated to its boiling point of 100.180C.
Determine the van’t Hoff factor.

25. 0.561m solution of an unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by
2.930C. What is the van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte?

26. The freezing point of a solution composed of 5.85g of NaCl in 100g of water is -3.3480C.
Caculate the van’t Hoff factor for this solution.

27. The aq. Solution of NaCl is completely ionized nto Na+ and Cl- ions . Calculate the
osmotic pressure of 0.255M solution of NaCl at 300K.

28. The degree of dissociation of Ca(NO3)2 in a dilute solution containing 14 g of salt per
200g of water at 1000C is 70%. If the vapor pressure of water is 760mm Hg. Calculate
the vapour pressure of this solution.

29. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 25mg of K2SO4 in
2L of at 250C, assuming that it is completely dissociated.

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