Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
VOLUME 1100
ELEMENTARY PHASE
STUDENT TEXT
PREFACE
The ALC m a t e r i a l s c o n s i s t o f t h e P r e - E l e m e n t a r y P h a s e ; t h e E l e m e n t a r y P h a s e ;
t h e I n t e r m e d i a t e P h a s e ; t h e A d v a n c e d P h a s e ; and t h e S p e c i a l i z e d P h a s e , i n
w h i c h s t u d e n t s c o n c e n t r a t e on t h e t e c h n i c a l v o c a b u l a r y o f one o f s e v e r a l m i l i
ta r y s p e c i a l t i e s such as f l y i n g , ord n an ce, e l e c t r o n i c s , e t c . Most v o lu m e s o f
the A m erican Language Course are a c c o m p a n i e d b y s i m i l a r l y num bered p r e
r e c o r d e d t a p e s w h i c h p r o v i d e a u r a l - o r a l and w r i t t e n e x e r c i s e s c o o r d i n a t e d w i t h
th e c o n t e n t s o f the v o lu m e s . S p e c i a l s t u d e n t t e x t s and w o r k b o o k s , i n s t r u c t o r
t e x t s , t e s t s , and o t h e r m a t e r i a l s h a v e a l s o b e e n p r e p a r e d f o r u s e w i t h t h e s e
volu m es.
The A m e r i c a n L a n g u a g e C o u r s e i s d e s i g n e d f o r an i n t e n s i v e l a n g u a g e t r a i n i n g
p r o g r a m t o p r o v i d e s t u d e n t s who d o n o t u n d e r s t a n d and s p e a k E t j g l i s h w i t h s u f
f i c i e n t s k i l l i n E n g l i s h t o e n a b l e th e m t o p u r s u e t e c h n i c a l o r p r o f e s s i o n a l
t r a i n i n g i n v a r i o u s s c h o o l s s p o n s o r e d by t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f D e f e n s e o f t h e
U n ite d S t a t e s o f A m erica.
The A m e r i c a n L a n g u a g e C o u r s e i s p u b l i s h e d by t h e D e f e n s e L a n g u a g e I n s t i t u t e ,
E n g lis h Language C e n te r . T h is p u b l i c a t i o n i s f o r u s e by s c h o o l s o f t h e
D e fe n s e Language I n s t i t u t e as p a r t o f th e D e fe n s e Language Program. It is
a lso f o r u s e by s c h o o l s u n d e r t e c h n i c a l c o n t r o l o f t h e D e f e n s e L a n g u a g e
In stitu te .
In q u iries con cern in g these m a teria ls, in clu d in g req u ests for co p ies or
a u t h o r i t y t o r e p r o d u c e m a t e r i a l s c o n t a i n e d t h e r e i n , s h o u l d be a d d r e s s e d t o
Commandant, D e f e n s e L a n g u a g e I n s t i t u t e , E n g l i s h L a n g u a g e C e n t e r , ATTM: LESS,
L ackland A ir Force B a se, T exas 78 2 3 6 .
R e p o r t i n g o f e r r o r s , o m i s s i o n s , and r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f o r i m p r o v i n g t h i s p u b l i
c a t i o n by t h e i n d i v i d u a l u s e r i s e n c o u r a g e d . L e t t e r s s h o u l d be s u b m i t t e d t o :
Commandant, D e f e n s e L a n g u a g e I n s t i t u t e , E n g l i s h L a n g u a g e C e n t e r , ATTN: LEAC,
L ackland A ir F o rce B a se , T exas 7 8 2 3 6 .
l
NOTES FOR THE INSTRUCTOR
Introduction
This is the fourth of eight volumes in the elementary phase of the American Language Course for foreign
students. It is accompanied by 30 prerecorded tapes and by the Student Workbook for Volumes 1100, 1200,
1300-1, and 1400. There is also an Instructor Text for these books containing an outline of major structures and
special notes on the student text and on sounds and intonation.
Objectives
The object of the instruction outlined in this volume is to continue the development of an ability in the
student to use the English language. You will notice that this student study guide is intended to reinforce the
vocabulary and structures in American English already introduced, as well as to introduce the student to new
vocabulary and structures with emphasis on pronunciation and aural comprehension.
Methods of Presentation
The units contain dialog material and a variety of drills and exercises. The conversational dialogs should be
practiced in classroom and language laboratory drill until the students are able to speak the parts of each dialog
easily.
Students generally learn by doing; therefore, you should concentrate on practices involving the students in
learning situations rather than on what you are going to explain to them. For this reason, explanations have been
held to a minimum in this volume. Be sure your students know the homework they'are to do before they come
to the next class. Carefully explain the purpose and the pattern of each drill. A confused student often practices
errors and wastes time in an unprofitable activity.
Prerecorded Tapes
Each prerecorded tape provides material for laboratory instruction. Each tape is numbered to correspond
to the classroom unit it supports. The tapes require the student to participate by recording his voice in a
variety of drills.
It is important that each student know exactly what he is to do in the laboratory. He should also know
all vocabulary items and grammatical structures. It is also necessary that the student have some guided practice
in pronunciation of new terms so that his practice helps him sharpen his aural comprehension and improve his
fluency. '
#
The Student Workbook for Volumes 1100, 1200, 1300-1, and 1400 contains homework assignments related
to the units of this book. Note carefully that some of the homework is designed as review of material taught
in class, and that some is designed as preparation for the class work to come. Be sure the student understands
this. Some workbook exercises employ programming techniques and provide their own answers. In doing these,
the student should cover the answers in the workbook with the cardboard which is provided. After he has
written his answer, he should check it against the answer provided in the text for correctness. NOTE: The
handwritten answers in the text are not intended as models of good writing for the student to follow; rather
they are intended as “typical” handwriting to give the student practice in reading cursive writing. It will not be
necessary for you to “correct” the student’s answers. The student should do this himself. It may be wise to
go through a few programmed exercises early in the course to be sure the student understands how to do them;
then you should merely check whether or not he does the homework.
CONTENTS
If Nil PAGE
11 01
1
1102 41
1103 73
1104 99
1105 123
1106
149
13 07
175
HOB
203
1109
229
1110
253
Appen 281
Index 299
1
A M E R I C A N L A N G U A G E COURSE
Structures
Be — P r e se n t T ense
S i m p l e PluraLs
Be — C ontractions
P resen t Tense
N egative S tatem en ts
A / An
W ho/W hat
/ i, er a, o, u /
AM ERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE STUDENT TEXT
UNIT 1L01
C O N V ER SA TIO N AND R EA D IN G P R A C T IC E S
G reetings
P r a c t i c e the c o n v e r s a t i o n .
4
A . M.
1. Z.
P . M.
3. 4.
5
When. p a r t i n g a t n i g h t
uH i ! H an d TTS o l o n g 11 a r e f r i e n d l y a n d i n f o r m a l .
H i] = H eUo. So long ^ G o o d - b y e ,
(m l) ^ S o l o n g^J
>h'“
3,
6
wA, ik
Ik
How are
F in e,
> you?
thanks.
liv s« -
5.
G ood-bye
( v
1.
F in et
thanks
Vasv . I«A>.t*»
2.
P r a c t i c e t h e g r e e t i n g s.
I. 2. 3. 4.
H ello! Good m o r n in g ! Good a ftern o o n ! Good even in g!
6. 7. 8.
H i! G ood-bye! G o od n i g h t ! So lo n g !
MIOMIOMT
4* GOOD E V E N IN G 1 5. HI!
P r a c t ic e the v o c a b u la r y .
T h at's a p en cil,
( T h a t + i s = T h a t Ts)
That
T h a t is
T h a t ’s
T h at's a p en cil.
's a b o o k .
(That + i s = T h a t's )
a T A ble T h at's a t a b le .
/ 9 / flThat -t i s = T h a t ' s )
T h at's a r e c o r d e r .
(That + is = T h a t's)
a TAPE T h a t ’s a t a p e .
/a / (That + i s = T h a t's)
P r a c t ic e t h e s e q u e s tio n s and a n s w e r s .
^ W h a t ’ s t h l ^ ?^ (Spoken F o r m )
(W hat i s t h i s ?) {That, i s a b o o k . )
^W hat's t h i f ^
(W hat is t h i s ? ) (That is a c h a ir . )
(W hat i s t h i s ? ) (That is a ta b le . )
^ W h a t ' s t h i s ?^
(W hat i s t h is ? ) (That is a r e c o r d e r . )
^ T h at's a r e c o r d e r / j
(W hat is t h is ? ) (That is a ta p e . )
W h a t's thi
c
(I a m a s t u d e n t . ) (I a m a t e a c h e r . )
(w h a t a re y o u ? l £W h a t a r e y o u ? j
-------------Y ------
(I a m a p i l o t . ) (I a m a m e c h a n i c . )
I’m a
What a r e you? m ech a n ic
2)
(I a m a b a r b e r . )
14
Practice the v o c a b u la r y .
a student
a teacher
a p jlol
a m ech an ic
a barber
E X ‘ ' i , A \ A ' L O J . / I--": C a . R . G O F S T R U C T U R E S
Be — The P r e s e n t T en se
a •
*
v ••
Pe r son -
■
» C J- . -i |£
i
y -
P lu ral
/ ^ * ^ r w •• « ' ■ / •
<
1st l a m* We a r e i
2nd You a r e You a r e
3 rd H e, 3he, it is They are
1 in t h e b l a n k s w i t h t h e c o m
1. I ____ a student.
2, She a teacher
3, It an o r a n g e .
4. Y ou a ba r be •
5. T h i s ___ a tape.
6. Tha t a p e r n il
7. He a student.
8. Th o s e books.
9. That a p en cil.
Sim p le P lu r a ls
S o m e p l u r a l s a r e f o r m e d by a d d i n g - s to t h e s i n g u l a r f o r m ,
a. G iv e the p l u r a l f o r m ot the f o l l o w i n g n o u n s ,
4. o n e c h a i r , two
5. one apple, tw o A
6. one p en cil, tw o
16
b. T h e r e a r e a few ir r e g u la r p lu r a ls.
man m en
wom an wom en
foot feet
tooth teeth
child ch ild ren
w ife w iv es
3. T h is/T h a t : T h ese/T h o se
T h e s e is the p lu r a l f o r m o f t h i s . T h o s e i s t h e p l u r a l f o r m o f t h a t . T h i s and
t h e s e r e f e r to t h i n g s n e a r . T h a t a n d t h o s e r e f e r to t h i n g s f a r t h e r a w a y .
That is a book.
T h ose a re books.
a. F i l l in t h e b l a n k s w i t h T h i s o r T h e s e :
1. _________ i s a c h a i r .
2. ________ a r e c h a i r s .
3. _________ p e n c i l i s r e d ,
4. ___________p e n c i l s a r e r e d .
5. _________ o f f i c e r is a pilot.
6. _________ o f f i c e r s a r e p i l o t s .
b. F i l l in t h e b l a n k s w i t h T h a t o r T h o s e :
1. _________ m a n i s a s t u d e n t .
3. _________ p e n c i l i s g r e e n .
4. _________ p e n c i l s a r e g r e e n .
5. w o m a n is a te a c h e r .
I + a m = I ' m
it + is - it's
that + is = th at's
what + is = w h at's
R epeat.
To a s k a q u e s t i o n w ith B e , p l a c e the v e r b b e f o r e th e s u b j e c t .
She is.
Is s h e ?
1. T h is is a book. 7. I a m an o ffic e r .
3. T h e se a r e ap p les. 9.
9. T h ey a r e ap p les.
6. He is a barber. 1122 . It i s c o ld .
Short A ffirm a tiv e A n sw e r s
E xam p le: Is t h i s a p e n c i l ?
Y e s , it i s .
1 Is this a book?
2. Is this a room ?
3. Is that a ch air?
4. Is tnat a notebook?
5. Is th a t a ru ler?
6. Is this a ta p e V
D r i l l o n B*r F o r m a
B e f o v r u s a r c u s e d io s p e a k i n g o f:
1. . n a m e s ....................................... l a m M r _______ ,
2. o r i g i n ...................................... I am from A m erica .
3. p ro fessio n I am a teacher.
4. a g e .............................................. 1 a m 2 0 y e a r s o l d .
R epeat.
E xam ole:A
He is a student.
H e 's not a 3tudent.
he + is = h e's
C h a n g e to t h e c o n t r a c t e d n e g a t i v e s t a t e m e n t f o r m
).. 11 i s a t a p e .
2. You a r e a student,
3. He i s a b a r b e r .
4. She is a te a c h e r .
5. We a r e o f f i c e r s ,
6. They a re tapes, /
7. T h at is a book.
E xam ple: He i s a s t u d e n t .
He i s n ' t a s t u d e n t .
R epeat.
Y ou a r e n o t a s t u d e n t You a r e n 11 a s t u d e n t
H e i s not a s t u d e n t . He is n 't a student.
She i s n o t a s t u d e n t . S h e i s n ’t a s t u d e n t .
E xam p le: Is h e a s t u d e n t ?
No, h e ' s not.
No, h e i s n '
B e - F u ll and C o n t r a c t e d F o r m s
Repeat th ese fo r m s .
(Singular)
4
(P lu ral)
N egative S ta te m e n t F o r m s
(Singular)
It i s n o t a r o o m . 1. It's not a r o o m .
2. It i s n ' t a r o o m .
21
(P lu ra l)
(S in gu lar)
A m I a stu d en t?
A re you a student?
Is h e a s t u d e n t ?
Is s h e a stu d e n t?
Is it a r o o m ?
(P lu ra l)
A re w e stu d en ts?
A re you stu d en ts ?
A re th ey stu d en ts ?
A re they r o o m s?
12. A /A n
13. Who /W h a t
B o t h W h o a n d W h a t a r e u s e d i n q u e s t i o n s to r e f e r to p e o p l e .
E x a m p le: W ho a r e y o u ?
I'm a stu d en t.
W hat a r e you?
I'm a stu d en t.
22
TAPE I 101A
H ello.
H ello.
How a r e you?
F in e , thanks.
G ood-bye.
G ood-bye.
a pen cil
a book
a ch air
a table
a recorder
a tape
T hat's a p en cil.
T hat's a book.
T hat's a ch air.
T hat's a table.
T hat's a recorder.
T h a t 1s a tape.
W hat's th is ?
W hat's th at?
That is a p en cil.
T hat's a p en cil.
R eview E x e r c i s e 1.
L isten.
H ello.
H ello.
How a r e y o u ?
Fine, thanks.
Good-bye.
G ood-bye.
Now r e p e a t e v e r y t h i n g y o u h e a r .
H ello.
R ev iew E x e r c i s e 2.
L isten.
W hat's t h i s ? W h a t's t h i s ?
That's a pencil. T h a t ' s a t a b le .
W hat's t h i s ? W h a t's t h i s ?
T hat's a book. That's a r e c o r d e r .
W ha t's t h i s ? W h a t's t h i s ?
That's a chair. T h at's a tape.
Now r e p e a t e v e r y t h i n g y o u h e a r .
W hat1* ***!»? ) ^ T h a t fg a c h a i r .
( T h a t's a r e c o r d e
26
L i s t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
^ H o w a r e y o u?j ^F l n e , t h a n k ? ^
Va'-v. M v .
Now y o u w i l l h e a r t h e f i r s t s p e a k e r :
T hen y o u r e c o r d the r e s p o n s e >
^G ood-bye
28
L i s t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
^W hat’s T hat's a tab le.
[ w h a t's th is ?J
f What* 3 t h i s ? )
R e c o r d the a n s w e r to the q u e a tio n
(w h a t’a th is?)
f w h a t ’ a t h ia ? )
V y j
^ W h a t’ a t h i a ^
31
^ W h a t ’ s t h i s T^
I W h a t ’s t h i s ? }
----------------- y - '
W h a t 's t h i s ?
32
TAPE 110 IB
H ello.
H ello.
Good m orning*
Good m o rn in g .
Good afternoon*
Good aftern oon.
Good evening*
Good ev en in g .
G ood night.
G ood night.
Hi:
Hi!
S o lo n g !
So long!
G ood-bye.
G ood-bye.
G ood night.
G ood night.
How a r e you?
F in e, thanks.
What a r e y ou ?
I rm a student. a student
I ’m a teacher. a teacher
I'm a pilot. a pilot
I'm a m ech an ic. , a m ech an ic
I ’m a barber. a barber
E xercise i E x e re is e 5 *
L i s t e n an d r e p e a t . L isten and r e p e a t.
H ello. H ii
H ello. Hi!
G ood-bye. So lo n g !
G ood-bye. So long!
E x e r c i s e 2. E xercise 6 .
Good m o r n i n g . H ello.
G ood m o r n i n g . Hi!
G ood-bye. G ood-bye.
G ood-bye. So l o n g .
E x e r c i s e 3. E x e r c i s e 7.
L is t e n and r e p e a t . L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
Good e v e n i n g . H ello.
Good e v e n in g . Good m orning.
How a r e y o u ? W hat a r e y o u ?
F in e, thanks. I'm a t e a c h e r .
Good n i g h t . G ood-bye.
G ood night. G ood-bye.
E x ercise 4 . E x ercise 8.
L is t e n and r e p e a t . L is t e n and r e p e a t .
G ood-bye. G ood n i g h t .
G ood-bye G ood night.
34
E x e r c i s e 9.
L i s t e n an d r e p e a t , N o w you r e c o r d t h e r e s p o n s e
H ello. H ello.
Good even in g, (H ello. )
E x e r c i s e IQ. E x e r c i s e 12.
L i s t e n and r e p e a t . L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
What a r e you? H ow a r e y o u ?
I'm a b a r b e r . F in e , thanks.
W h a t ’s t h i s ? N o w y o u r e c o r d the r e s p o n s e
T hat's a p en cil
Good m orn in g.
W h a t 1s t h i s ? (G ood m o r n i n g . )
That's a book.
How a r e you?
W h a t's t h i s ? (F ine, thanks. )
T h a i ’s a t a b l e .
G ood-bye.
G ood-bye. (G ood-bye. )
G ood-bye.
L is te n and r e p e a t. L i s t e n and r e p e a t.
H ello. Good ev en in g .
H ello. Good e v e n in g .
Good e v e n i n g . Hi;
{Good e v e n i n g , ) (Hi:)
Ex e r c i s e 14 . E x e r c i s e 1 6.
L i s t e n arte r e p e a t . L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
Good a f t e r n o o n . H ello.
G oo c l a f t e r n o o n . Hi:
G ood-bye.. G o o d ~b y e .
G o o d - *,y e . So l o n g .
N ow yo u r e c o r d the r e s p o n s e . N o w you r e c o r d th e r e s p o n s e .
Good a f t e r n o o n . H ello .
(Good a f t e r n o o n . ) (h i :)
G ood-bye. Good-bye.
(G ood-bye. ) (So l o n g , )
E x e r c i s e 15. E x e r c i s e 1?.
L i s t e n and r e p e a t . L i s t e n anu r e p e a t .
Hi : Hello.
Hi: Good m o rn in g .
H o w a r e y* o u ? What a r e yo u ?
Fine, thanks. I'm a te a c h e r.
Good-bye. G ood-bye.
Good-uye. Good -bye.
36
H ello. H ello.
(G ood m o r n i n g . ) (G ood e v e n i n g . )
What a r e y o u ? W hat a r e y o u ?
( I ’m a t e a c h e r . ) (Irm a m e c h a n i c . )
L i s t e n and r e p e a t . L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
Good e v e n in g . H ello.
Good ev en in g . H ello.
W hat a r e y o u ?
W hat a r e y o u ?
I'm a b a r b e r .
I'm a p ilo t. r
* How a r e you?
Good night. F in e , thanks.
G o o d n ig h t .
What' s t h i s ?
Now y o u r e c o r d the r e s p o n s e . T hat's a p e n c il.
W hat's th is ?
Good ev e n in g . T h at's a book.
{Good e v e n i n g . )
W hat's t h is ?
W hat a r e y o u ? T hat's a table.
( I 'm a p i l o t . } G ood-bye,
G ood-bye.
Good night.
(G ood n i g h t . ) N o w y o u r e c o r d the r e s p o n s e .
H ello.
E x e r c i s e 19. (H ello. )
W hat's this ?
G ood n i g h t .
(T hat's a book. )
Good night.
W hat's t h is ?
( T h a t ’s a t a b l e . )
G ood-bye.
(G ood-bye. )
TAPE 1101C
L i s t e n t o the f o l l o w i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n . R e p e a t the f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s .
Good m o r n i n g , g e n t l e m e n . T h is is a r o o m .
I ’m M r . S m i t h . That is a rooin.
I’m y o u r t e a c h e r .
T h is is a c h a ir .
Is t h i s y o u r f i r s t c l a s s ?
That is a c h a ir .
Y e s , it i s .
T h e se a r c books.
A r e y o u L t. J o n e s ? T h ose a re books.
No, I ' m n ot. I am a student.
I'm L t. S m i t h . I 'm not a s t u d e n t .
This i s L t . J o n e s .
He is a te a c h e r .
Are you f r o m New Y ork? He i s n ' t a t e a c h e r .
Y es, we are. He i s a n o f f i c e r .
H e i s n ’t an o f f i c e r .
Are you d o c t o r s ?
They a re ap p les.
Y e s , w e a . ’e .
They a ren 't apples.
W e ' r e gLad y o u ' r e h e r e .
W h a t 's t h i s ?
Thank y o u . T h at's a book.
W h a t 's t h a t ?
T h is is a book.
Is i t h o t ?
R epeat e v e r y th in g you h e a r . It i s n ' t ho t.
Good m o r n i n g , g e n t l e m e n . Is i t c o l d ?
I 'm M r . S m i t h . It i s n ’t c o l d .
I’m y o u r t e a c h e r . Is i t n e w ?
Is t h i s y o u r f i r s t c l a s s ? Y e s , i t ’s n e w .
Y e s , it i s . Is it o l d ?
A r e y o u Lt. J o n e s ? Y e s , i t ’s o l d .
Yes, w e a re. Is t h i s a c h a i r ?
Y e s , i t ’s a c h a i r .
A re you d o c to r s?
A r e tw o and t h r e e f i v e ?
Yes, we are. Y e s , two and t h r e e a r e f i v e .
W e're glad y o u 'r e h e r e . Is it a n o r a n g e ?
Thank you. Y e s , it i s .
Is i t an a p p l e ?
N o , it i s n ' t .
Is s h e a t e a c h e r ?
Are they te a c h e r s?
38
R e p e a t the f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e r s .
Is it l i v e o ' c l o c k ? W hat i s t h i s ?
Ye s , i t 1s f i v e *;•' c i o c k. T h a t ’s a b o o k .
Is it g r e e n ? Is he h e r e ?
Yes. it's v rv
n
u. No, h e i s n ' t h e r e .
Is it y o u r f i r s t c l a s s ? A re they there ?
No. i t ' s n o t m y f i r s t c l a s s . Y es, they're th ere.
Is t h i s a r e d p e n c i l ? Is it an o l d t a p e ?
Y e s , t h i s i s a r e d ;>enci 1. Y e s , i t ls o i d .
Is t h i s y o u r b o o k ? A r e o n e a n d tw o t h r e e ?
Y e s , t h i s i s m y book. Ye s .
Is th a t h i s b o o k ? Is th is m y book?
No, that i s n ' t h i s b o o k . N o, it i s n ' t .
A r e you f r o m S p a i n ? I s t h i s an a p p l e ?
N o , Irm not f r o m S p a i n . Y e s , it i s .
A r e yo u c o l d ? I s h e f r o m N e w Y'ork?
N o , I ' m not c o l d . N o , h e ’s f r o m C h i c a g o .
39
SO U N D A N D IN T O N A T IO N
1 i / / i / / i / / e / / e / / e /
we we we tape tape tap e Now repeat th ese w ords.
L is t e n fo r th e so u n d / o /.
/ a / / a / / a / / o / / o / / o /
not not not no no no no no no
old oid old -
/ u / / u / /u / co ld co ld co ld
tw o tw o tw o
/ u / / U / / u /
tw o tw o tw o
he he he
she she she
we we we
they they th ey
tape tape tape
la te la te late
41
Structures
T h e r e is / T h ere a re
Num bers
D a y s o f the W e e k
M o n t h s of the Y e a r
W hat T i m e Is It?
C ivilian T im e
M ilitary T im e
/ I, c , ae , s /
42
UNIT j 102
C O N V E R SA T IO N AND READING P R A C T IC E S
P r a c•t i c e t h e q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e r s .
■ ' —- M ■ — 1 ^ ■ ■ i» « i ■ ■ —................... — —
I'm a
atudent
4 3
^Wh
W ho a r e w e ?
— •
1. Who a m I?
Y o u ' r e an. i n s t r u c t o r .
Z. Wh o a r e y o u ?
I'm a student.
3. Who is s h e ?
S h e^ a nurse.
4. W ho is h e ?
H e 's a doctor
5. Who a r e we ?
W e're students
6. Who a r e t h e y ?
WHAT
W h a t a r e these*?
W hat a re th ese?
a C
45
W hat a re th e se
(; —
46
WHO
(^ W h o T s
47
c
Who are ( w ? re student a
G Who a m I? ( w re a t e a c h e r
P l u r a l F o r m s in E n g l i s h
Singular P lural
pencil p en cils
pen pens
book books
tape tapes
reorder recorders
ch air ch airs
tab^e tables
student students
teacher teachers
barber barbers
pilot pilots
Singular P lu ral
Verb BE: A M , A R E , IS
Xa m ........................................... = P m a student.
We a r e = W e're students.
S h e i s ................................................. = S he's a n u r se .
Subject Verb F o r m s
I ----- am
you, w e, they - - are
h e , s h e , it —— is
WHAT
WHO
P r a c t i c e the c o n v e r s a t i o n s .
Y o u 're a
W h a t a m 1? student* ,
Iw hat is sh e?
W hat a r e they?
52
R epeat,
1. That's not a p e n c i l .
2. T h a t Ts not a c h a i r .
4. Y ou're not a te a c h e r .
5. S h e ' s not a d o c t o r .
6. H e ' s not a n u r s e .
8. T h e y ' r e not m e c h a n i c s
9. I 'm not a t e a c h e r .
Thank
T h e y ’re
Who are
stu d en ts.
they?
54
D rill
: Good m o r n i n g .
w >: Good m o r n i n g . C o m e in.
: F in e , thanks.
w>
: S it dow n, p l e a s e .
: T hank y o u .
w >
: What a r e t h o s e ?
: T h e s e a r e t a p e s .................. Who a r e t h e y ?
to >
; T h ey're students.
: A nd w h o i s h e ?
w >
: H e ’s a d o c t o r .
G ood-bye.
ro>
E X P L A N A T I O N A N D D R I L L O F .S T R U C T U R E S
1. In the C l a s s r o o m
T his is a c l a s s r o o m .
i
T h e r e a r e f i v e s t u d e n t s and o n e i n s t r u c t o r h e r e ,
i
It i s e a r l y . It i s 3:i5 in the m o r n i n g .
T h e r e i s and T h e r e a r e i n t r o d u c e m a n y s t a t e m e n t s an d q u e s t i o n s .
a. R epeat.
X
X
Is t h e r e a b l a c k b o a r d ?
Yes, there is.
Is t h e r e a l i g h t s w i t c h a l s o ?
Y es, there is.
Is t h e r e a w a s t e b a s k e t ?
N o , t h e r e i s n ’t.
W h e r e a r e t h e r e two p i c t u r e s ?
T h e r e a r e two p i c t u r e s on the l e f t .
b. U s e T h e r e i s o r T h e r e a r e in e a c h s e n t e n c e .
1. F i v e s t u d e n t s a r e i n the r o o m .
Z. One i n s t r u c t o r i s in the r o o m .
3. A p e n c i l i s on the t a b l e .
4. Tw o p i c t u r e s a r e o n th e w a l l .
5. A m a p i s o n the w a l l .
6. A c l o c k i s in the r o o m .
7. A w in d o w is in the r o o m .
8. One d o o r i s in the r o o m .
T h e D e f i n i t e A r t i c l e THE
The s t a n d s b e f o r e s i n g u l a r and p l u r a l n o u n s of d e f i n i t e m e a n i n g .
This p en c il is red.
The p e n c i l is r e d .
T h e se p e n cils a re red.
The p e n c i l s a r e r e d .
Is the p e n c i l r e d ?
A r e the p e n c i l s r e d ?
Numbers
a. R epeat.
2 tw o 12 tw elve 31 t h i r t y - one
4 fo u r 14 fourteen 51 f i f t v - one
5 f iv e 15 fifteen 61 sixty-on e
10 ten 20 twenty
\
b. How m a n y ?
R epeat.
1. H ow many t a b l e s a r e in the r o o m ?
2. H ow many s t u d e n t s a r e in the r o o m ?
3. How many c h a i r s a r e in the r o o m ?
4. How many w i n d o w s a r e in the r o o m ?
5. How many b o o k s a r e in the r o o m ?
6. How many p i c t u r e s a r e o n the w a l l ?
c
ro-H
o
o
o
40 forty ten thousand
50 fifty 1, 0 0 0 , 000 one m i l l i o n
60 sbcty
70 seventy
80 eighty
90 ninety
100 one hundred
5, The D a y s of the W e e k
S •M T W T F S
a. T h e r e a r e s e v e n d a y s in a w e e k * T h e r e a r e c l a s s e s on M o n d a y , T u e s d a y ,
W e d n e s d a y , T h u r s d a y , and F r i d a y . M o n d a y i s th e f i r s t d a y o f the s c h o o l w e e k .
F r i d a y is the l a s t d a y o f the s c h o o l w e e k . S a t u r d a y and S u n d a y a r e n ' t c l a s s d a y 9 *
Repeat,
T h e r e a r e t w e l v e m o n t h s in a y e a r .
T h e r e a r e c l a s s e s a ll the y e a r round.
T h e r e a r e no c l a s s e s on h o l i d a y s and on w e e k e n d s .
What T i m e Is It?
The c lo c k s a y s e ig h t - f if t e e n .
A, M, (in t h e m o r n i n g )
12: 00 n o o n
I t re t w e l v e o ’c l o c k .
I t 18 t i m e f o r lu n c h .
P. M. (in t h e a f t e r n o o n )
3:45 p. m . 10:30 p. m .
I t ’s t h r e e f o r t y - f i v e . I t ’s t e n - t h i r t y .
I t ’s t i m e for m a i l - c a l l . I t ’s t i m e f o r l i g h t s out
T e l l t h e t i m e on t h e f o l l o w i n g C i v i l i a n C l o c k F a c e s .
1. 3.
5. 6.
b. M ilitary Tim e (24-hour) Clock
T e l l the t i m e on the f o l l o w i n g M i l i t a r y C l o c k F a c e s .
A. M, (in t h e m o r n i n g ) P . M. (in t h e a f t e r n o o n )
O ?3 0 0 1
W
19
19
n
\6 .
0 1 28 h o u r s 1 42 4 h o u r s
I t ’s o h - o n e - t w e n t y - e i g h t h o u r s. I t ’s f o u r t e e n - t w e n t y - f o u r h o u r s .
TAPE 1102A
Repeat.
-------------------------------------4.
Who a m I? You're a te a c h e r .
Who a r e you? I 'm a student.
Who is she ? She's a nu rse.
Who i9 h e ? H e's a doctor.
Who are we ? W e're stu d en ts.
Who are they? T hey're b a rb ers.
I_______________________________________
They're students.
T hey're teachers.
T hey're barbers.
Who a r e t h e y ? T hey're doctors.
"Who a r e w e ? £ T hey're nurses.
T hey're farm ers.
T hey're pilots. -
T hey're m echanics.
64
E x e r c i s e 1, Plurals E xercise 2 .
T h i s i s a pen.
T hese are pens. T h i s i s a pen.
This is a book.
T h ese are books. This is a book.
T h i s is a t a p e .
These are tapes. This is a tape.
■
*
This is a r e c o r d e r .
These are re c o rd er s. *' This is a r e c o r d e r .
T h is is a c h a i r .
These are ch airs. T h is i s a c h a i r .
T h is i s a t a b l e .
T h ese are tables. This is a table.
H e ’s a s t u d e n t .
They're students. H e ’s a s t u d e n t .
H e ' s a b a r b e r.
T h e y ’r e b a r b e r s . H e's a barber.
H e ’s a d o c t o r .
T h e y ’r e d o c t o r s . H e's a doctor.
H e ' s a p i lo t .
T h ey 're pilots. H e 18 a piLot.
S h e ’s a n u r s e .
They're n u r se s. She 's a n u r s e .
E x e r c i s e 3. E x e r c i s e 4.
A: F in e, thanks. A: F i n e , th a n k s .
B: What a r e t h o s e ? B;
A: Who i s h e ? A: Who i s h e ?
%
B: H e ’s a d o c t o r . B:
A: Who i s s h e ? A: Who is s h e ?
B; She's a n u r se . B:
A: Who a r e t h e y ? A: Who re t h e y ?
B: T h e y ’r e p i l o t s . B:
A: G ood-bye. A: G ood-bye.
B: G ood-bye. B;
66
TAPE 1102B
E x e r c i s e 1. R eview of negative f o r m e .
Jbisten and r e p e a t .
T hat's a p en cil.
Come ini That's not a p en cil.
S it down, p l e a s e .
Come a g a in ! T hat's a ch a ir.
That's not a ch a ir.
T hat's a book.
That's not a book.
How a r e y o u ?
F in e, thanks. And you? T hat's a tape.
F in e, thanks. T h a t ' s not a t a p e .
That's a r e c o r d e r .
T h a t ' s not a r e c o r d e r .
I'm a t e a c h e r .
What i s it ? I 'm not a t e a c h e r .
What a m I?
What is she ?
What is he ? E xercise 2 .
What are we ?
What a r e they? You w i l l h e a r the a f f i r m a t i v e f o r m .
What are you? T h e n y o u r e c o r d the n e g a t i v e f o r m .
T hat's a p en cil.
That's a ch a ir.
T hat's a book.
That's a tape.
That's a r e c o r d e r .
Y ou're a te a c h e r.
She's a n u rse.
W e're p ilo ts.
T hey're m ech a n ics.
I 'm a t e a c h e r .
67
Exercise 3 R e v i e w of p l u r a l f o r m s . E x e r c i s e 5. C o n v e r s a t i o n p r a c t i c e .
E x e r c i s e 4. A: S h e ' s not a d o c t o r .
Who is s h e ?
You w i l l h e a r the s i n g u l a r f o r m . B S h e ’s a n u r s e .
Then y o u r e c o r d the p l u r a l f o r m .
A l i e ' s not a n u r s e .
pencil What i s h e ?
pen B H e's a doctor.
book
chair A W e ' r e not p i l o t s .
t abl e What a r e w e ?
tape B W e're stu d en ts.
recorder
student A T h e y ' r e not m e c h a n i c s
teacher What a r e t h e y ?
barber B They're b a rb ers.
pilot
m echanic A I'm not a t e a c h e r .
d o c to r What, a m I ?
nurse B Y o e ' r i : a. ^tucUoH..
68
TAPE 1102C
L i s t e n t o th e f o llo w in g c o n v e r s a t io n R e p e a t e v e r y t h in g y o u h e a r .
b e tw e e n a c a p t a in a n d a lie u t e n a n t .
G o o d m o r n i n g , c a p t a in . G o o d m o r n in g , c a p t a in .
G o o d m o r n in g , lie u t e n a n t . H o w a r e y o u ? G o o d m o r n in g , lie u t e n a n t . H o w a r e y o u ?
I ’m f in e , a i r . T h a n k y o u * I ’ m f in e , s i r . T h a n k y o u .
?
J u s t a m in u t e * W h a t t im e i s it ? J u s t a m in u t e . W h a t t im e is i t ?
I t ’ s e ig h t o ’ c lo c k , s ir . I t ’ s e ig h t o 'c lo c k , s i r .
A r e y o u in th e la b t h is p e r io d ? A r e y o u in th e la b t h is p e r io d ?
Y e s , s ir * Y e s , s i r .
Is y o u r r o o m m a t e t h e r e , t o o ? Is y o u r r o o m m a t e t h e r e , to o ?
Y e s , s i r . H e is . Y e a , s i r . H e is .
A s k h i m to r e p o r t to m e . A s k h i m to r e p o r t t o m e .
Y e s , s i r . Y e s , s i r .
G o o d - b y e , lie u t e n a n t . G o o d - b y e lie u t e n a n t .
G o o d - b y e , s ir . ( p o o d - b y e , s ir .
S O U N D A N D I N T O N A T I O N
P r o n u n c ia t io n P r a c t i c e
L is t e n t o f o u r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c E n g lis h L i s t e n to th e s o u n d / ae / -
v o w e l s o u n d s .
a m a m a m
/ / t h a n k s t h a n k s th a n k s
/ J / / i / I it i t it
c la s s c la s s c la s s
/ € / / C / / c / y e s y e s y e s
R e p e a t.
/ ae / / ae / / ae / a t a t
/
a t
a m a m a m
/ a / t h a n k s t h a n k s th a n k s
/ 3 / / 3 / m o n t h m o n t h m o n t h
c la s s c la s s c la s s
L is t e n to th e s o u n d / i / in th e f o llo w in g
w o r d s . L i s t e n to th e s o u n d / a / •
is is is m o n t h m o n t h m o n t h
in in in n u m b e r n u m b e r n u m b e r
i t i t i t S u n d a y S u n d a y S u n d a y
»
R e p e a t • R e p e a t.
is is is m o n t h m o n t h m o n t h
in in in n u m b e r n u m b e r n u m b e r
i t i t i t S u n d a y S u n d a y S u n d a y
R e p e a t.
L is t e n to th e s o u n d / c / in th e f o llo w in g
w o r d s . W h a t a r e th e s e 7
W h o is h e ?
y e s y e s y e s
r e d r e d r e d
R e p e a t.
y e s y e s y e s
r e d r e d r e d
70
R e p e a t t h e s e q u e s t i o n s and a n s w e r ? . N u m b e r s : Z e r o t o f if t e e n
Where a re we? R e p e a t e v e r y t h in g t h a t f o l l o w s .
We a r e i n the c l a s s r o o m .
0 . z e r o
W h e r e a r e th e s t u d e n t s ? 1. o n e
T h e y ' r e in the c l a s s r o o m . 2 . t w o
3 . t h r e e
«
I s i t t i m e fo r c l a s s ? 4 . f o u r
Y e s , i t ' s t i m e fo r c l a s s . S . f iv e
6 . s ix
Who i s at th e b l a c k b o a r d ? 7 . s e v e n
T h e i n s t r u c t o r i s a t the b l a c k b o a r d . 8 . e ig h t
9 . n in e
I s t h e r e a w a s t e b a s k e t in t h e c l a s s r o o m ? 1 0 . te n
N o, t h e r e i s n ' t . 11. e le v e n
1 2 . t w e lv e
W h e r e i s the m a p ? 1 3 . t h ir t e e n
1 5 . f if t e e n
W h e r e a r e the p i c t u r e s ?
T h e y a r e to the l e f t . W h a t 's y o u r s e r i a l n u m b e r ?
I t 's 1 - 4 - 6 - 8 -C L
A r e t h e r e l i g h t s in the r o o m ? ( O n e - f o u r - s i x - e i g h t - zero)
Y es, there are.
W h a t ’s h i s s e r i a l n u m b e r ?
Is t h e r e a l i g h t s w i t c h ? It's 2 -3 -5 ~ 7 -9 »
Yes.
W hat's your b a r r a c k s n u m b er?
Is the lig h t on? 1-2-3-6-4.
N o, i t ' s off.
W hat's h is b a r r a c k s nu m b er?
R epeat. 2 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9.
I t 's n i n e - f i f t e e n . Monday
I t 's t i m e fo r a b r e a k .
Tuesday
Wednesday
T h u rs d a y
F r id a y
Saturday
The first m o n th is J a n u a r y .
The third m o n th is M a r c h .
The sixth m o n t h is J u n e .
September is the n in th m o n th .
October is the te n th m o n th .
How m a n v davs
/ a r e t h e r e in a week?
% V
Months
1. January 7 . J u ly
2. Fe b r u a r y 8, August
How m a n y m o n t h s a r e t h e r e in a y e a r ?
T h e r e a r e t w e l v e m o n t h s in a y e a r .
73
S t r u c t u r e s
B e — C o n t r a c t e d N e g a t iv e Q u e s tio n s
T h e Q u e s tio n W o r d — W h y
A c t io n V e r b s :
P r e s e n t T e n s e
A f f i r m a t i v e S ta te m e n ts
P e r s o n a l P r o n o u n s
A d je c t iv e s
S o u n d a n d I n to n a t io n
/ ai • au» 01/
/ s , as/
74
UNIT 1 1 0 3
C O N V E R SA T IO N A N D R E A D I N G P R A C T I C E S
P r a c t i c e t h e s e q u e s t i o n s and a n s w e r s .
A; Am I a teach er?
B: Yes, you a r e .
A: A re you a student?
B: Yes, I am ,
A: Am I a barber?
B: No, y o u a r e n ' t .
A: Is h e a m e c h a n i c ?
B: No, h e 18 not.
A: I s he a p i l o t ?
B: Yes, he i s .
A: Is h e a d o c t o r ?
B: Y es, he is.
A: Is s h e a n u r s e ?
B: Y es, she is.
A: A re we students?
B: Yes, we are.
A: A re they students ?
B: Y e s, they a r e .
A: A re they barber s ?
B: N o, t h e y ’r e not.
76
1. Isn't th is a p e n c il?
Y e s , it i s .
2. Isn't th is a book?
Y e s , it i s .
3. Isn't this a p en ?
Y e s , it i s .
4. Isn't th is a ta p e ?
Y e s , it i s .
5. Isn't th is a c h a ir ?
N o , it i s n ' t .
6. I s n ' t t h i s a tabLe ?
N o , it i s n ' t .
7. I s n ' t t h i s an a i r p l a n e ?
N o , it i s n ' t .
Y o u 'r e n o t - Y o u a r e n ‘t
y o u + a r e = y o u ' r e a r e + n o t = a r e n ' t
Y o u 'r e n o t a t e a c h e r . Y o u a r e n ' t a t e a c h e r .
P r a c t i c e t h e s e n e g a t i v e f o r m s .
N e g a t iv e S t a t e m e n t s N e g a t iv e Q u e s t io n s
1. Y o u 'r e n o t a t e a c n e r .
A r e n ' t y o u a t e a c h e r ?
2 . Y o u a r e n ' t a t e a c h e r .
1. W e ' r e n o t s t u d e n t s .
A r e n ' t w e s t u d e n t s ?
2 . W e a r e n ' t s t u d e n t s .
1. T h e y ' r e n o t s t u d e n t s .
A r e n ' t t h e y s t u d e n t s ?
2 . T h e y a r e n ' t s t u d e n t s .
1. H e 's n o t a d o c t o r .
I s n ' t h e a d o c t o r ?
2 . H e i s n ' t a d o c t o r .
1. S h e 's n o t a n u r s e .
I s n ' t s h e a n u r s e ?
2 . S h e i s n ' t a n u r s e .
1. T h a t 's n o t a b o o k .
I s n ' t t h a t a b o o k ?
2 . T h a t i s n ' t a b o o k .
S h o r t a n s w e r s i n E n g l i s h
A r e y o u a s t u d e n t ? I s t h i s a p e n c i l ?
Y e s . I a m . Y e s , it i s .
N o > I Tm n o t . N o , i t i s n 't .
N o , i t ' s n o t
G iv e s h o r t a n s w e r s i n E n g l i s h .
1. A r e y o u a s t u d e n t ? 6 . Is s h e a n u r s e ?
2 . A m I a t e a c h e r ? 7 . I s t h i s a p e n ?
3 . A r e w e s t u d e n t s ? 8 . I s th a t a t a p e ?
4 . A r e t h e y s t u d e n t s ? 9 . A r e t h e s e b o o k s ?
1 0 . A r e t h o s e r e c o r d e r s ?
5 . I s h e a d o c t o r ?
79
R e v ie w .
18 that
your tape?
Is h e your Is she
teacher? your n u r s e ?
I want ten p e n c i l s
1. I h a v e two p e n c i l s . 3. I h e a r a train.
You h a v e t h r e e b o o k s . You h e a r a c a r .
We h a v e f o u r t a p e s . We h e a r a b us.
They have five c h a ir s. T hey h ea r an airp lan e.
s A r e n ’t t h o s e y o u r b o o k s ?
1. It i s c o l d .
2. T h ey a r e new.
3. T his is his fir s t c la s s .
4. It’s tim e for lunch.
5. T o d a y i s n ’t T u e s d a y .
6. T h e y a r e n 't in c l a s s .
7. A re they yello w ?
8. S h e ' s in t h e l a b .
9. It's five o 'clo ck .
10. T h is m on th i s July.
T he Q u e s tio n W o r d — Why
Q u e stio n w o r d s a lw a y s c o m e f i r s t in a s e n t e n c e .
B e g in e a c h n e g a t i v e q u e s t io n with W h y .
1# A r e n ' t t h e y in t h e lab?
2. I s n ’t t h e l i g h t o n ?
3. I s n ’t it t i m e f o r a break?
4. I s n ’t t h e r e a w a s t e b a s k e t in t h e r o o m ?
Have — T he P r e s e n t T e n se
1. He a pen.
2. They tw o b o o k s .
3. 1 m y p encil.
6. We a new te a c h e r .
7. You a w r is t watch.
Want — T h e P r e s e n t T e n s e
...
1st p e r s o n I w ant. We w a n t .
2nd p e r s o n Y ou w a n t . Y ou w a n t -
3rd p e r s o n H e , s h e , it They w a n t.
wants.
Use the c o r r e c t f o r m o f W an t.
1. He a pen.
2. They tw o b o o k s .
3. I m y p encil.
5. We a break.
6. They a holiday.
e. U s e He a s the su b je c t of e a c h s e n t e n c e .
1. I have a pencil.
2. I w an t a new c a r .
*
3. 1 h a v e an old c a r .
4. 1 h a v e an a l a r m c l o c k .
5. 1 want a tape.
6. We want a g r e e n p e n c il.
7. You w a n t h e r t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r .
8. We want a r e c o r d e r .
1. She 5 w a n t s a n e w c a r .
2. He w a n t s an a l a r m c l o c k .
3. We w a n t a new' t a p e .
4. He w a n t s a b o o k .
8. We w a n t a r e c o r d e r .
6. He w a n t s a p e n c i l .
7. He w a n t s t h r e e b o o k s .
e. E e t e a c h s t u d e n t s u b s t i t u t e 1T M fo r " w e . 11
We g e t up e a r l y e v e r y d a y . W e g o t o t h e m e s s h a l l a n d e a t b r e a k f a s t
We h a v e b a c o n and e g g s , ( o a s t , and c o f f e e . T h e n w e w a l k to c l a s s .
JUV
4. P e r so n a l Pronouns
a. N o t e that t h e r e a r e t w o p r o n o u n f o r m s f o r p o s s e s s i o n ; o n e s t a n d s in f r o n t
of t h e noun; t h e o t h e r s t a n d s a l o n e .
It's m y b o o k . I t ?s m i n e ,
you y y o u r s.
*
Vs : s
* « A O
h is.
he hers,
{ AS) (its)
OU I* ours .
the: r t h e i rs
85
Drill: S u p p l y the p r o n o u n f o r m s ,
E x a m oMl e : 1 h a v e a book.
1 have m y bock.
I have m in e.
4
1. He h a s a p e n c i l .
l i e h a s _________ p e n c i l .
He h a s _________ .
2. We h a v e t h e g r a d e s .
W e h a v e _________ g r a d e s .
We h a v e
3. You h a v e a b o o k .
You h a v e book.
You h a v e
4. I have a tape.
I have tape.
I have
I h a v e m y ID ( i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ) c a r d . It's m in e .
Y on h a v e y o u r ID c a r d . It's y o u r s .
He h a s h i s ID c a r d . it's h i s .
She h a s h e r ID c a r d . It's h e r s .
We h a v e o u r ID c a r d s . T hey're o u r s ,
T h e y h a v e t h e ! r ID c a r d s . T h e y ’r e t h e i r s .
A d iectives.
A d j e c t iv e s m a y c o m e b e f o r e or a fte r the n o u n s th ey d e s c r i b e .
C om plete th e s e se n te n c e s.
1. yellow 3. o ld
That is a book. It i s an car.
That- b o o k i s It is
Those are books, They are cars
T h ose books are They are
2. new
T his is a tape.
T h is tape is
T hese are ta p e s .
T h e se tapes are
J
86
TAPE 110 3 A
R e p e a t ev e ry th in g you h e a r.
I'm a te a c h e r . I am .
Y ou 're a student. You a r e .
W e're students. He is.
T h ey 're students. She is .
H e's a doctor. We are.
S h e ’s a n u r s e . They are.
T h is is a p en cil.
T h ose a re p en cils.
Y o u 're not.
Am I a teacher? You a r e n 't.
A re you a student?
A re w e students? H e ’s n o t .
A r e they stu d en ts? He isn 't.
Is he a d octor?
Is s h e a n u r s e ? S h e ’s n ot.
Is th is a p e n c il? S h e i s n ’t .
A re those p en cils?
W e ’r e n o t .
We aren 't.
T h ey 're not.
A ren 't you a student? T hey aren 't.
A ren 't w e stu dents?
A r e n ’t t h e y s t u d e n t s ?
I s n 't he a d o c t o r ?
I s n ’t s h e a n u r s e ?
Isn 't this a p e n c il?
A ren 't th o se p e n c ils?
8?
. E x e r c i s e 1. R e v ie w of A ffir m a tiv e
Q uestion f o r m e ,
I am.
Am 1 ? L is t e n and r e p e a t*
She is. H e rs a d o c t o r *
Is sh e ? Is h e a d o c to r ?
We are. She's a n u r se .
A re we ? Is sh e a n u r s e ?
Y ou're t e a c h e r s .
A r e you t e a c h e r s ?
He isn't. T h a t 1s a p e n c i l .
I s n 't he Is that a p e n c il?
We aren't. E x ercise 2.
A ren 't w e ?
You w i l l h e a r the a f f i r m a t i v e f o r m .
T h ey aren 't. T h e n y o u r e c o r d the q u e s t i o n f o r m .
.' - A r e n ' t t h e y
<0
I'm a student.
Y o u rr e a t e a c h e r .
H e ’s a d o c t o r .
She's a n u r se .
W e ’r e s t u d e n t s .
Y ou're te a c h e r s.
T h ey're p ilots.
T hat's a p e n c il.
T hose are books.
E x ercise 3 E x e r c i s e 5*
T h o se are books.
T h o se aren 't books. E x ercise 6.
E x ercise 7 .
L isten and r e p e a t .
You're not.
You a r e n ' t .
H e's not.
He i s n ' t .
S h e 1s n o t .
She i s n ' t .
W e're not.
We a r e n ' t .
You're not.
You a r e n ' t .
T h e y ’r e n o t .
They a r e n ' t .
It's not.
It i s n ' t .
i
TAPE 1103B
R e p e a t e v e ry th in g you h e a r.
I se e six p e n c ils .
You s e e s e v e n p e n c i l s . Is this your tape?
We s e e eight p e n c ils . Is this your book?
T h e y s e e nine p e n c ils . Is that y o u r p e n ?
Is that your p e n c il?
Is this your ch air?
Is that you r ta b le ?
Is he your teacher?
I hear a train. Is he your doctor?
You h e a r a c a r .
We h ear a bus.
T h e y h ear an a ir p la n e .
Y e s, they a r e .
No, they aren't.
A: Good m o r n in g . A: H i! How a r e y o u ?
B: G oo d m o r n i n g . B: F in e , th a n k s. And you?
A: Is t h is y o u r book? A: Is t h is your p e n c i l ?
B: No, it is n 't. B: Y es, it is .
A: Is t h a t y o u r t a b l e ? A: I h e a r an a i r p l a n e .
B: Y e s , it i s . B: I hear a car.
A: G ood-bye.
B: So long!
E x e r c is e 2.
Now y o u w i l l h e a r t h e f i r s t s p e a k e r
;( P a r t A ) , T h e n y o u r e c o r d th e p a r t
;of t h e s e c o n d s p e a k e r ( P a r t B ) . E x e r c i s e 4.
V
A: Is that y o u r t a b le ? A: Is th is y o u r p e n c i l ?
B: Y e s , it i s . B: Y e s , it i s .
A: G ood-bye. A: I s e e a train.
B: G ood-bye. B: I s e e a bus.
A: I have a book.
B: I have two b ook s.
A: G ood-bye.
B: So l o n g !
92
E x e r c i s e 5, E x e r c i s e 6.
A: T hat's a pen.
TAPE 1103C
L is t e n t o t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n t w o s t u d e n t s .
John, i t ' s t i m e t o g e t u p.
What t i m e i s it, F r e d ?
It's s i x o ' c l o c k .
A re y o u s u r e ?
My c l o c k s a y s f i v e - t h i r t y .
Your c l o c k i s s l o w .
It's s i x o ' c l o c k r i g h t n o w .
What t i m e i s b r e a k f a s t ?
Six-thirty.
I'll h u r r y t h e n .
Wait f o r m e .
R ep ea t e v e r y t h i n g t h a t f o l l o w s .
What t i m e i s it, F r e d ?
It's s i x o ' c l o c k .
Are y o u s u r e ?
My c l o c k s a y s f i v e - t h i r t y .
Your c l o c k i s s l o w .
It's s i x o ' c l o c k r i g h t n o w .
What t i m e i s b r e a k f a s t ?
Six-thirty.
I'll h u r r y t h e n .
W ait f o r m e .
0 . K. I 'll w ait.
94
SOUND A N D INTONATION
L isten .
T h e r e a r e 11 v o w e l s o u n d s i n E n g l i s h .
V • • •
T h e f r o n t v o w e l s a r e / i, i, e » c, ae /
/ i
Front V ow els
*****
L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
I i I / i / / i /
I I I I I I I I I
/e / / e / / e /
I d / c l I c /
I ae I I ae I I ae I
L isten .
T h e b a c k v o w e l s a r e / u, u» o , 3, a /
B a ck V ow els
*****
L iaten and rep ea t.
/ u / / u / / u /
/ u / / 0 / / u /
/ 0 / / 0 / / 0 /
/ 3 / / 3 / / 3 /
/ a / / a / / a /
L isten
The m i d d l e v o w e l i s / a / .
*****
L is te n and r e p e a t .
/a / l o t /a /
L isten.
T h e r e a r e 3 d i p h t h o n g s in E n g l i s h .
T h e d i p h t h o n g s a r e / ai * au» Di /
*****
L iste n and r e p e a t.
/ ai / I ai I / ai /
/ di / / 01 / / di /
/s-z/
let - He w ants. / s /
/ e/ - She w a n ts. / s /
/s/ - lt w a n ts . /s./
/ z/ - is , is , is / z /
/ z/ — has, has, has / z /
96
W h y i s n ' t h e in c l a s s ? I h a v e m y ID c a r d .
W h y a r e n ' t t h e y in c l a s s ? It's m in e .
/ 2 - z —z / Y o u h a v e y o u r ID c a r d .
It*8 y o u r s .
is is is
H e h a s / z / h i s ID c a r d .
has has has It's h is . / z /
I have. S h e has^ / z / h e r ID c a r d .
You h ave. It's h e r s . / z /
We have.
T hey have.
R e v i e w t h e s e e x p r e ssion.fi.
He has. / /
She ha^. / / H i!
It h a s . / / So long.
Sit down, p l e a s e .
It'9 lunch t im e .
L is t e n and r e p e a t , It's t im e for a b rea k .
I'll hurry.
I want. I'll w ait.
You want.
W e w ant.
T h e y want. R ep eat th ese s ta te m e n i •
He w anU . / s /
She w a n ts . / s# / T hat's a p e n c il.
It w a n t s . / s / I'm a student.
It's a r o o m .
It i s n ' t a n a l a r m c l o c k .
C onversation P r a c t ic e H e ' s in the lab.
S h e *8 n o t i n c l a s s .
Isn 't th is m y p e n c il? I T h is isn 't m y c la ssr o o m
Y e s, it's your p en cil.
Y e s , it's yours.
l t rs t w o a . m .
It's 0 2 0 0 h o u r s .
The p e n c i l i s r e d .
The p e n c i l s a r e r e d .
Repeat.
Is n 't t h i s y o u r s ?
Y e s , it i s .
Aren't t h o s e our b o o k s?
Yes, th ey a re.
He has^ / z / a b o o k .
She w a n t s a b o o k .
I have m y grade.
I have m in e .
99
A M E R IC A N L A N G U A G E C O U R S E UNIT 1104
Structures
A ction V erb s — P r e s e n t T e n se
N e g a tiv e Q uestions
The Im perative
S — H is s in g Sound a fte r / p , t , k , f /
UNIT 1104-
R e p e a t the q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e r s ,
Do you
see a
student?
Do you Do y o u
want a want a
pencil? book?
102
How m a n y How m a n y
p encils I have tap es
do y o u j two do you J
have? J pencils have? y
How m a n y How m a n y
ch airs teach ers
do you / do th e y y two
1 have?/ I have? J
1, How m a n y p e n c i l s d o y o u h a v e ?
I h a ve two p e n c ils .
Z, How m a n y p e n s d o y o u h a v e ?
I have three pens.
3. How m a n y t a p e s d o y o u h a v e ?
I h a v e ten t a p e s .
4. How m a n y c h a i r s do w e h a v e ?
We h a v e ten c h a ir s .
5. H ow m a n y t e a c h e r s d o t h e y h a v e ?
T h e y h a v e one t e a c h e r .
6. How m a n y t r a i n s do y o u s e e ?
I se e tw o tr a in s.
7. H o w m a n y c a r s do y o u s e e ?
I see three c a r s.
8. How m a n y t a p e s d o y o u w a n t ?
I want six tap es, p le a se .
9. How m a n y p e n c i l s do you w a n t?
I w ant two p e n c ils , p le a s e .
W h a t do you s e e? I see a I see a
young young little
boy. g irl. child.
W h at d o y o u h e a r ?
I h ear a car.
I hear an a ir p la n e .
I hear a bus.
I hear a train.
I hear a dog.
I hear a baby.
Who do you s e e ?
I see a barber,
I see a pilot.
I see a m ech an ic.
I see a doctor. %
I see a student.
I see a teacher.
What d o yo u w a n t?
I want a book, p le a s e .
I want a p encil, p le a s e .
I want a tape, p le a se .
I want a pen, p le a s e .
I want th ree books, p leas
I want five ta p es, p le a se .
Repeat.
f You d o n ’t
I h a v e a pen.
--------- y —f
e don't h av e J T h e y don't
l teacher. ./ ha v e books
Don't you
w ant a
book?
109
Do = ?
Repeat.
Y ou h e a r a p l a n e .
Do you h ea r a plan e?
We h e a r a plane.
Do w e h ear a plane?
T h e y h e a r a‘ p l a n e .
Do they h e a r a p la n e ?
C h a n g e fr o m a f f i r m a t i v e s t a t e m e n t s to a f f i r m a t i v e q u e s t io n s
1. I s e e a train.
2. ?
1. We want a r e c o r d e r .
2. ?
1. You s e e a s t u d e n t .
2, ?
Do - A uxiliary Verb
D o sta n d s b e f o r e the S u b je c t.
T h e m a i n v e r b i s the s i m p l e f o r m .
T his form d o esn 't c h a n g e .
Do you have
A uxiliary Verb Subj e c t M ain V e r b
E xam ple:
Do 1 h a v e a t a p e ? Do have
1, Do we see a tra in ?
h Do you want a b o o k 9
L Do 1 w ant a p e n c il?
4. Do thev h e a r the tr a in ?
A ction V erb s — P r e s e n t T e n se - N eg a tiv e Statem en ts
Do + not = no (negative)
Do + not = don't
U s e th e c o n tr a c tio n don't.
R epeat.
We h e a r a p la n e .
We don't h e a r a p la n e.
T hey h e a r a plane.
T h e y don't h e a r a p la n e.
1. I s e e a train.
2*
1. We want a r e c o r d e r .
2. •
1. You s e e a student.
2. •
D o not
or A u xiliary Verb
Don't
S e l e c t t h e A u x i l i a r y V e r b a n d t h e M a i n Verb«
3. T h e y d o n ’t h a v e a p e n c i l .
4. I don't w an t a book,
5. W e d o n ’t h e a r t h e t r a i n .
6. W e don't h a v e te n p e n c i l s .
D o n ' t s t a n d s f i r s t in a n e g a t i v e q u e s t i o n .
a. R epeat.
b. P r a c tic e th e se negative fo r m s
I don't h a v e a p e n c il. D o n ’t y o u h a v e a p e n c i l ?
I don't h a v e a book. Don't you h a v e a b ook ?
You don't h a v e a ta p e . D o n ’t y o u h a v e a t a p e ?
Y o u d o n ' t h a v e a. c a r . D on't you have a ca r?
W e don't h a v e a r e c o r d e r . D o n ’t w e h a v e a r e c o r d e r ?
T h ey don't h a v e a t e a c h e r . D on't they h a v e a t e a c h e r ?
I don't s e e a tab le. D on't you s e e a t a b le ?
Y ou don't s e e a dog. D o n ’t y o u s e e a d o g ?
T h e y don't s e e an a ir p la n e . D o n ’t t h e y s e e a n a i r p l a n e ?
I don't h e a r a tra in . Don't you h e a r a tra in ?
I don't w ant a p e n c il. D on't you want a p e n c il?
You don't h e a r a ca r . D o n ’t y o u h e a r a c a r ?
You don't w ant a tap e. D on't you w ant a tape?
112
I have a book. I d o n ’t h a v e a b o o k .
I have a pen. I d o n ’t h a v e a p e n .
You h a v e a chair. Y o u d o n ’t h a v e a c h a i r ,
You h a v e a c a r . Y o u d o n ’t h a v e a c a r .
We h a v e t h r e e b o o k s . W e d o n ’t h a v e t h r e e b o o k s .
T h e y have two ta p e s , T h e y d o n rt h a v e t w o t a p e s .
I s e e a table. I d o n ’t s e e a t a b l e .
d. C hange t h e s e a f f ir m a t i v e s t a t e m e n t s to n e g a t iv e q u e s t io n s .
W e s e e a student. He h e a r s a p lan e.
Y o u h e a r an a i r p l a n e . She h as a p en cil.
4. DO/DOES
a. DO i s use d w i t h y o u , I , we, t h e y
Repeat.
Repeat.
Does he d r i v e a car? Y e s , he d o e s . He d r i v e s a c a r .
Does B i l l go t o s c h o o l ? Y e s , he d o e s . He g o e s t o s c h o o l .
E xam ple: D o e s t h e i n s t r u c t o r g e t up e a r l y ?
Y e s , h e d o e s . H e g e t s up e a r l y .
D o t h e s t u d e n t s g e t up e a r l y ?
D o e s t h e i n s t r u c t o r t a k e a b u s to s c h o o l ?
D o e s the in s t r u c t o r w a lk to c l a s s ?
D o the stu d e n ts c o m e to c l a s s by b u s?
D o e s t h e i n s t r u c t o r g o t o c l a s s a n d t u r n on t h e l i g h t s ?
D o e s th e i n s t r u c t o r b e g in the c l a s s on t i m e ?
D o the s t u d e n t s a s k q u e s t i o n s ?
D o e s the in s tr u c to r a n s w e r th em ?
Do the stu d e n ts lik e a n e a s y l e s s o n ?
D o th e y lik e and u n d e r s ta n d it?
D o e s the c l a s s take a b re a k ?
d. Do: P resen t Tense.
The Im p erative
T h e i m p e r a t i v e e x p r e s s e s a c o m m a n d or r e q u e s t .
T he s u b je c t "you" i s u n d e r s t o o d but n ot e x p r e s s e d .
a. R epeat.
(Y ou) C o m e in..
Sit dow n, p l e a s e .
W ait for m e .
H urry.
b. T h e n e g a t i v e o f t h e i m p e r a t i v e i s f o r m e d b y p l a c i n g d o n o t o r d o n ]t b e f o r e
the v e r b .
D o n o t c o m e in.
or
Don*t c o m e in.
c. C hange to the i m p e r a t i v e .
E xam ple: Y o u c o m e in .
C o m e in.
1. You s i t d o w n .
2. You h u r r y up.
3. Y ou d o n ' t s m o k e in t h e l a b .
4. You d o n ' t w a i t f o r m e .
115
d. T he Softened C o n v e r sa tio n a l f o r m .
P l e a s e , w h ic h , s o f t e n s th e i m p e r a t i v e , m a y b e p la c e d e i t h e r at the b e g in n in g
or end of a s e n te n c e .
C hange to the s o f t e n e d i m p e r a t i v e .
1. W ait for m e .
3. Open y o u r b o o k s.
4. L.ook u p a l l n e w w o r d s .
6. PI e a s e — P o l i t e t e r m in E n g lis h
Q uestion Answ er
TAPE 1104A
A: H ow m a n y t r a i n s d o y o u s e e ? E x ercise 5,
B: I s e e two t r a in s ,
You w i l l h e a r the f i r s t s p e a k e r ( P a r t A ) .
A: How m a n y a i r p l a n e s do y o u s e e ? R e c o r d the part of sp e a k e r B >
B: I se e six airplanes.
A: Do you have a book?
B;
E x e r c i s e 3.
A: Do you have a pen?
L i s t e n and r e p e a t . B:
TAPE 1104B
L i s t e n and r e p e a t .
1 don't h e a r a tr a in .
You don't h e a r a train .
W e don't h e a r a t r a in .
T h e y don't h ea r a train .
a young boy
a young girl V
a lit t le child
an old m a n
a new car D on't I h ea r a train?
a big airplane D on't you h e a r a tra in ?
D on't w e h ea r a train?
D on't they hear a train?
Listen a n d r e p e a t . E x e r c i s e 2.
L is te n and r e p e a t.
E x e r c i s e 1.
A: Do you have a book?
Listen and r e p e a t. B: Y e s , I have a book.
TAPE 1104C
F i r s t l i s t e n to t h is c o n v e r s a t io n ..
N o , I d o n ’t. Say i s n ’t t h a t t h e L a n g u a g e S c h o o l ?
Thanks. G ood-bye.
G ood-bye.
R ep eat e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
Thanks. G ood-bye.
G ood-bye.
SOUND AND IN TO N A TIO N
P r o n u n c i a t i o n p r a c t i c e on t h e s o u n d / s / .
I s / is a h is s in g sound.
Hies: / s - - s -- s /
L isten.
Repeat.
w a n t£ - - s i t s - - w a i t s - - take_s- - like_s - - s m o k e s
Now l i s t e n to t h e s o u n d / z / .
After m o s t o t h e r c o n s o n a n t s a n d v o w e l s , b u z z .
/ z / is a buzzing sound.
Repeat.
Buzz / z-z-z/
go tu rn on open
goes tu rn s on open^
Ul /z / Iz/
Repeat,
Do y o u h a v e a p e n c i l ?
Do y o u h a v e a t a p e ?
C o m e in.
Sit d o w n .
1zz
L is t e n and r e p e a t . S h e w a i t s .
S h e d o e s n ’t w a i t .
Do you s e e that t a l l building?
D on't you s e e that t a ll b u ild in g ? It w a i t s .
It d o e s n ' t w a i t .
H e s e e s the P o s t O ffic e b u ild in g ,
- He d o e s n 't s e e the P o s t O ffic e b u ild in g. I hear.
I don't h ea r .
Go t o t h e M a i n G a t e ,
D on't go to the M ain G ate. He h e a r s .
H e d o e s n ’t h e a r .
P le a s e c lo s e your books. •
D o e s it s t o p h e r e ? W hat's h is n a m e ?
D o e s n ’t it s t o p h e r e ?
W h e r e i s he f r o m ?
She s m o k e s .
She d o e s n 't s m o k e .
%
It s m o k e s .
It d o e s n ' t s m o k e .
I w ait.
I d o n ’t w a i t .
He w a its .
He d o e sn 't w ait
123
AMERI CAN L A N G U A G E C O U R S t
Structures
P repositions: In - On ** A t
W hose
Q uestion W ords
R e v i e w ( U n i t s 11 01 -1 1 0 5 )
L in k in g C o n s o n a n ts to V o w e l s
AM ERICAN LANGUAGE COURSE STUDENT TEXT
UNIT 1105
CONVERSATION A N D READING PR A C T IC E S
D o e s th e s tu d e n t D o e s th e te a c h e r
h a v e y o u r b o o k ? h a v e m y ta p e ?
y —
5. D o e s the d o c to r h a v e a r e c o r d e r ?
No, s ir .
7. D o e s the t e a c h e r h a v e m y t a p e ?
Y es, sir.
D o e sn 't she D o esn 't she
have a have a
pencil ? y pen?
2. D o e s she have a p en ?
Y es, she d o e s,
4. D o e s he have a tape?
Y es, he d oes.
6. D o e s the stu d en t w a n t a t a p e ?
Y e s , he d o e s ,
7. D o e s the t e a c h e r w a n t a c h a i r ?
Y es, she d oes.
D o e s he
want a
A; D o e s she h a v e a b ook ?
B: Y es, sh e d o e s . She h a s a book.
A. D oes she h ea r a tr a in ?
B: Y e s , s h e d o e s . She h e a r s a t r a i n
A: D o e s he h a v e two b o o k s?
B: No, h e d o e s n ' t . H e d o e s n ' t h a v e t w o b o o k s .
A: D o e s he h e a r a n a i r p l a n e ?
B: N o , he d o e s n ' t . H e d o e s n ' t h e a r a n a i r p l a n e .
A; D o e s he want a p e n c il?
B: No, he d o e s n 't . H e d o e s n ' t w an t a p e n c i l .
A: D o e s he s e e a ta b le ?
B; N o, h e d o e s n ' t . H e d o e s n ' t s e e a t a b l e .
131
1. Does
have - verb
a p en cil = a r t ic le + noun
3, D o es he s e e a train?
10. D o e s it h ave a t ir e ? .. •
1 32
b. N e g a tiv e Q uestion
D oesn 't she have a p en cil? D oesn 't + she + have + a pencil?
ave * verb
pencil?) * a r t ic le + noun
3, D o e s he s e e a tr a in ? D o e s n ' t he s e e a t r a i n ?
6. Do I s e e a chair? D o n ’t I s e e a c h a i r ?
7. Do w e se e a teacher? D o n 't w e s e e a t e a c h e r ?
8. Do th ey se e a pilot? D o n 't t h e y s e e a p i l o t ?
9. Do you h ea r an a ir p la n e ? D o n 't y o u h e a r a n a i r p l a n e ?
12. Do th e y h e a r an a ir p la n e ? D o n 't t h e y h e a r a n a i r p l a n e ?
Subject: He - She
S u b je c t : I - Y o u - W e - T h e y
A f f i r m a t i v e S t a t e m e n t N e g a t iv e S t a t e m e n t
I h a v e a p e n c i l . I d o n 't h a v e a p e n c il.
Y o u h a v e a p e n c i l . Y o u d o n ’ t h a v e a p e n c il.
W e h a v e a p e n c i l . W e d o n ’t h a v e a p e n c i l .
T h e y h a v e a p e n c i l . T h e y d o n 't h a v e a p e n c i l .
S u b je c t : H e - S h e - I t
H e h a s a p e n c i l H e d o e s n 't h a v e a p e n c i l
S h e h a s a b o o k . S h e d o e s n 't h a v e a b o o k .
I t h a s a n a m e . I t d o e s n 't h a v e a n a m e .
D r i l l
A f f i r m a t i v e Q u e s t io n N e g a t iv e Q u e s t io n
D O 1 1
y o u y o u
D O w e D O N 'T w e
t h e y t h e y
H A V E a p e n c i l ? H A V E a p e n c il?
D O E S h e D O E S N 'T h e
s h e s h e
S h e h a s a b o o k . S h e h a s + a b o o k .
S h e s u b j e c t p r o n o u n ( f e m in in e )
h a s f o r m o f v e r b H A V E ( s i n g u l a r f o r m )
a b o o k a r t i c l e + n o u n
H A S - u s e d w i t h s u b j e c t h e . s h e , i t
o r a s i n g u l a r n o u n .
C h a n g e t o t h e a f f i r m a t i v e q u e s t io n f o r m s .
E x a m p l e : H e h a s a p e n c i l .
D o e s h e h a v e a p e n c i l ?
1. S h e h a s a b o o k .
2 . H e h a s a p e n .
3 . T h e s t u d e n t h a s a t a p e .
4 . T h e t e a c h e r h a s a r e c o r d e r
5 . T h e p i l o t h a s a c a r .
6 . T h e n u r s e h a s a b o o k .
7 . T h e d o c t o r h a s a p e n .
8 , I t h a s a n a m e .
136
2. In — On - A t
P r e p o s it io n s o f T IM E a n d P LA C E
P r e p o s i t i o n s o f time:
AT 1800 h o u r s ^
n oon , night, m id n ig h t.
H e i s i n h i s c a r .
T h e y a r e i n t h e ro o m .
T h e re i s a b a r b e r s h o p i n B u ild in g 7 0 0 0 .
H e g o e s t o c la s s i n t h e a f t e r n o o n .
H e w r i t e s o n th e b la c k b o a r d .
W r it e o n y o u r p a p e r .
T h e re i s a b o t t l e o n th e f l o o r .
T h e re a r e te n s e n te n c e s o n t h i s p a g e .
137
3. W hose
W hose p en c il is th is?
That i s m y p e n c i l .
a. R e p e a t t h e s e q u e s t i o n s and a n s w e r s .
W h o s e c a r i s th a t?
That is m y car.
W h o s e b o o k i s on the t a b l e ?
T h a t i s J a c k ' s book.
W h o s e b o o k s a r e on the f l o o r ?
T h ose are M ary's books.
b. C h a n g e t h e s e s e n t e n c e s to q u e s t i o n s b e g i n n i n g w i t h W h o s e .
4. Question w ords
R e m e m b e r that q u e s t i o n w o r d s stand f i r s t in a s e n t e n c e .
Exam ple: He l i v e s i n R o m e .
D o e s he l i v e in R o m e ?
W h e r e d o e s he l i v e ?
1. He l i v e s in P a r i s .
2. T h e y go to the lab.
3. T h e y stu dy two h o u r s e v e r y e v e n i n g .
4. He h a s two b o o k s .
5. She w a n t s t h r e e p e n c i l s .
6. The bus stops h e r e .
138
5. R eview
a. O n e v e r b in t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e .
*
H e 's not.
He isn't.
N egative Q uestion
A m 1 not?
Is he not?
Isn't he?
b. A c t i o n v e r b p a t t e r n : T w o v e r b s in t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e .
D o - A u x il ia r y and M ain V e r b
I do not s e e .
I don't s e e .
He d o e s not s e e .
He d oesn't see.
D o e s he se e ?
N egative Q uestion
D o 1 not s e e ?
D o n rt I s e e ?
D o e s he not s e e ?
D o e s n ' t he s e e ?
c. Q uestion w o rd s
H o w ?
W h o ■
W h a t ?
W h e r e ?
W h y ?
W h a t t i m e ?
C om plete th e s e s e n te n c e s .
1. T h e r e * s
2. T h e r e a r e
3. T h e
4. A
5. T h i s
6. That
7. T h e s e
8. T h o s e
9- M y ♦
10.__ _____________ i s g r e e n .
11. T h e d a y s o f t h e w e e k a r e :
12. T h e m o n t h s o f t h e y e a r a r e :
13. T h e r e a r e _______v o w e l s i n E n g l i s h .
14. T h e r e a r e c o n so n a n ts in E n g lis h .
15. To m akea / s / _________ .
16. To m a k e a / z / ____________ .
17. T h e s o u n d s / p , t , k, f / a r e f o l l o w e d by_____
18. Q u e s t i o n w o r d s s t a n d _______i n a s e n t e n c e .
19. ________ are youfrom ?
20. ____________ a r e y o u h e r e ?
W h a t t i m e is i t b y t h e c lo c k s ?
W h a t a r e t h e d a t e s ?
2 40
TAPE I I 05A
L is t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r . E x e r c i s e 1.
L i s t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y t h i n g y o u h e a r .
A: D o e s the t e a c h e r h a v e a p e n c il?
B; No, s h e d o e s n 't .
Y es, she d o e s.
Y es, he does. A: D o e s the m e c h a n i c h a v e a c a r ?
No, sh e d o e s n 't. B: Y es, he does.
No, he d o e s n 't .
A; D o e s the p ilo t h a v e an a ir p la n e ?
B: No, he d oesn 't.
my book
my pencil
my pen
my table
my chair
my car
my airplane
141
A: W hat do you s e e ?
A: D oes he have a r e c o rd er? B: I se e three a irp lan es.
B: Y es, he d o es.
A: D o you s e e a ca r?
A: D o e s he h av e a tape? B: No, I don't.
B: N o , h e d o e s n ’t.
A: Is t h is y o u r b o ok ?
A: D o you h ea r a train? B: Y es, that's m y book.
B: Y e s , I do.
A: Is th is your a irp la n e?
A: Do you h e a r an a ir p la n e ? B: Y ee, that's m y a ir p la n e .
B: N o , I d o n ’t.
A: Is that y o u r r e c o r d e r ?
A: D o n ’t y o u h e a r a n a i r p l a n e ? B: Y e s, that's m y r e c o r d e r .
B: No, I don't.
A: Is this your p e n cil?
A: D o es he hear a train? B: No, it is n 't. T h a t’s your p e n c il.
B: Y es, he does.
A: D oes he h ea r an airplane? E x e r c is e 5.
B: No, he d o e sn 't.
You w i l l h e a r the f i r s t sp e a k e r (part A ).
A: D o e sn 't he hear an a irp la n e? T h e n y o u r e c o r d the p a r t of s p e a k e r B .
B: No, he d o e s n 't.
A: D o e s the d octo r h ave a r e c o r d e r ?
B:
E xercise 4. %
A: D o e s the n u r s e h a v e a b o o k ?
Listen and re p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
A: D o e s t h e n u r s e h a v e a .t a p e ? A: D o e s the m e c h a n ic h a v e a tool?
B: Y es, she d o es. B:
A: D o e s the d o c to r h a v e a ta p e ?
B: No, he d o esn 't.
142
TAPE 1105B
I have a book. He h a s tw o b o o k s.
I h ea r a train . He h e a r s an a i r p l a n e .
I want a tape, p le a se . He w ants a p en cil.
1 s e e a table. He s e e s a tab le.
We have tw o b o o k s. D o e s h e h a v e tw o books?
We s e e tw o tr a in s . D o e s sh e s e e tw o trains?
We w an t tw o ta p e s . D o w e w an t tw o ta p e s ?
We s e e tw o t a b le s . D o you s e e two t a b le s ?
Do I have a book?
N o , I d o n Tt.
D o e s h e s e e a table?
No, he d o esn 't.
E x e r c i s e 1.
L is t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
A: I have a book. A: I h a v e tw o b o o k s.
B: She h a s a book. B: He h a s tw o b o o k s.
A: I h ea r a train . A: I h e a r an a ir p la n e .
B: She h e a r s a train . B: H e h e a r s an a ir p la n e .
E x e r c i s e 2. E x e r c i s e 4*
A D o e s h e h e a r an a ir p la n e ?
A: D o e s she have a p en cil?
B Y e s , he h e a r s an a ir p la n e .
B: No, s h e d o e s n ' t h a v e a p e n c i l .
A D o e s he want a book?
A: D oes she have a tape? B Y e s , he w an ts a book.
B: Y es, she d oes.
A D o e s she want a pen?
B Y es, she w ants a pen.
A: D oes she have a r e c o rd er ?
B; No, sh e d o e s n 't, A D o e s sh e hear a train?
B No, 6he d o e s n 't h ea r a tr a in .
At D oes he have a pen?
B: Y es, he has a pen. A D o e s h e h e a r an a i r p l a n e ?
B No, he d o e s n ' t h e a r an a ir p la n e
A: D o e s he h ave a new c a r ?
A D o e s he want a book?
B: No, he d o esn 't have a new car.
B No, he d o e s n ' t w ant a book.
A: D o es he have a r e c o r d e r ?
B: Yes, he d o e s.
E xercise 5.
A: D o e s he have a tape?
L is t e n and r e p e a t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
B: N o , h e d o e s n ’t.
A: D o e s s h e h a v e a book, a p en , and
a tape?
E x e r c i s e 3.
B: Y es, she does.
L is te n and r e p e a t e v e r y t h i n g you h e a r , A: D o e s he have a table, a c h a ir , and
a recorder?
A: D oes she have a book? B: Y e s, he d o es.
B: Y es, she d o e s.
A: D oes she have a pen, a r e c o rd er ,
A: D o e s he h a v e a r e c o r d e r ?
and a c a r ?
B: Y es, he d o es.
B: No, she d oesn 't.
A: D o e s he have a p e n c il? She d o e s n 't have a pen.
B: Y e s , he d o e s . She d o e sn 't have a recorder.
She d o e sn 't have a car.
A: D o es she have a ch air?
B: Y e s , she d o es. A: D o e s he h a v e t w o p e n c i l s , t h r e e
b o o k s , and f i v e t a p e s ?
A: D o e s she have a book? B: Y e s , he d o e s .
B: No, sh e d o e s n ' t .
A: D o e s sh e h a v e four p e n s , five
A: D o e s he have a r e c o r d e r ?
ta p e s, and s i x r e c o r d e r s ?
B: N o , he d o e s n ' t .
B: Y es, she does.
A: D o e s he h a v e a p e n c i l ?
A: D o e s the 6tudent have a book,
B: No, he d o e s n 't.
a p e n c il, and a ta p e ?
B: No, he d o esn 't.
144
A: D o e s the n u r s e h a v e a r e c o r d e r
a ta p e and a c h a i r ?
B: No, sh e d o e sn 't.
A: D o e s n 't he have a r e c o r d e r ?
B: No, he d o e sn 't.
A: D o e s n 't he w ant a c h a ir ?
B: No, he d o e s n 't.
E xercise 6.
You w i l l h e a r the f i r s t s p e a k e r ( P a r t A ) .
T h e n y o u r e c o r d t h e p a r t o f s p e a k e r 33
f r o m E x e r c i s e 1.
A; I have a book.
B:
A: I h e a r a train.
B:
A: I w ant a tape, p le a s e .
B:
A: I s e e 'a train.
B:
A: I have tw o b ooks.
B:
A: I h e a r an a ir p la n e .
B:
A; I want a p en cil, p le a se .
B:
A; I s e e a table.
B:
145
TAPE 1105C
L is te n to th is c o n v e r s a t i o n . R epeat.
SOUND A N D INTONATION
D i n k c o n s o n a n t s t o v o w e l s in t h e s e t h o u g h t g r o u p s .
D is te n and r e p e a t .
T h a t 's a b o o k . 1 h ea r a train.
Is that a book? He hea^s_a train.
Buzz
I s it l a t e ? p en cil - p en cils
I s n ’t it l a t e ? room - room s
Is it e a r l y ? boy — boys
I s n ' t it e a r l y ? g irl - girls
H iss
He w a n ts a tape. tape — ta p e s
She w a n ts a ta o e.
He s m o k e s a c ig a r e t t e . cigarette — cigarettes
She s m o k e s a c ig a r e tte
Repeat.
P l e a s e s t a n d u p.
Stand up, p l e a s e .
Open y o u r b o o k s .
Close y o u r b o o k s .
A n sw e r the q u e s t io n .
Don't a n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n .
Go t o t h e o f f i c e . '
*
Don't go t o t h e o f f i c e .
Does he go to c l a s s ?
Y es, he g o e s in the m o r n i n g .
He g o e s on Monday, T u e s d a y , W ed n esd a y , T h u r s d a y , and F r id a y .
He g o e s at 7 : 4 0 ,
D o e s n ' t h e l i v e in t o w n ?
No, h e l i v e s in t h e s u b u r b s .
He l i v e s o n B r o a d S t r e e t .
He l i v e s a t 1916 B r o a d S t r e e t .
W h e r e d o t h e y go o n S u n d a y ?
T hey go to ch u rch .
T h e y go in t h e i r c a r .
T h e y g o in t h e m o r n i n g .
149
Structures
Q uestion F o r m s: Do — Does
W ord Order: In S t a t e m e n t s
In Q u e s t i o n s w i t h D o
A d jectives — A dverbs
Nouns a s A d jectiv es
Compound Nouns
P erso n a l Pronouns
Intonation of C om pound N o u n s
15 0
UNIT 1106
P r a c t i c e t h e q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e r s.
iv\
Do you
low t h o s e Y e s , I know
-indent s t h o s e student:
there' (them.)
: Do you know M r. J o n e s (h im )?
W>
: Y e s , 1 know M r. J o n es (him ).
: Y e s , t h e y s p e a k , r e a d , a n d w r i t e E n g l i s h (it).
152
No, I
don't r e a d
English.
No, I don't
know
M r . Jones
(him),
.OAiVa**^'
D o e s she sp eak
E n g lis h ?
D o e s he No, he d o e s n ’t
un d e r sta n d un d e r sta n d a
English? w o r d of E n g l i s h
Word Stud y.
VERBS He s p e a k s , he r e a d s , he w r i t e s ,
h e k n o w s ...................
Verb: SPEAK
I speak E nglish .
HE SPE A K S ENGLISH.
m Verb: READ
I read E n glish .
. HE READS ENGLISH.
• Verb: W RITE
I, y o u , w e , t h e y He , s h e , the student, e tc
W RITE W RITES
I w rite E nglish .
“ HE W RITES ENGLISH.
Verb: KNOW
I know the t e a c h e r .
HE KNOWS TH E T E A C H E R .
STATEMENTS
Subj e c t Verb 4
He speaks
She reads
The student
Mr. J o n e s
+ w rites
knows
The tea ch er
155
QUESTIONS
he speak ..
she read . . 7
the t e a c h e r
he speak . . . 7
she read . . .
the student
Mr. J o n e s
4 -
w rite
know
.
,
.
.
.
,
7
7
the te a c h e r
NEGATIVE ST A T E M E N T S
He speak .................
She read ................
The student D O E SN 'T 4 “ w rite ................
+
M r. J o n e s know ................
The teach er
P r a c t i c e E x e r c i s e 1.
P r a c t i c e s t a t e m e n t s w ith t h e s e v e r b s
Speak
Read.
W rite
1 i. He w r i t e s E n g l i s h p r e t t y w e l l . H e d o e s n rt w r i t e E n g l i s h w e l l .
12. She w r ite s E n glish p retty w ell. She d o e sn 't w r ite E n g lis h w e ll.
13. The student w r it e s E n g lish w e ll. T h e s t u d e n t d o e s n ’t w r i t e E n g l i s h w e l l .
14. Mr. J o n e s w r i t e s E n g lis h w e ll. M r . J o n e s d o e s n ’t w r i t e E n g l i s h w e l l .
15. The teach er w rites E nglish w ell. The tea ch er doesn 't w r ite E n g lish w ell.
Know
P ractice E x ercise 2.
P r a c t ic e q u estion s w ith th e se v e r b s .
Speak
1. Does he s p e a k E n g l i s h ? D oesn't he s p e a k E n g L i s h ?
2. Does she speak E n glish ? D o e s n ’t she speak E n g lish ?
3. Does the stu d e n t s p e a k E n g l i s h ? D o e s n ’t the stu d en t sp e a k E n g lis h ?
4. Does Mr. J o n e s s p e a k E n g lis h ? D o e s n ’t Mr. Jo n es speak E n glish ?
5. Does the t e a c h e r s p e a k E n g l i s h ? D o e s n ’t the t e a c h e r s p e a k E n g lis h ?
Read
6. Does he r e a d E n g l i s h ? D oesn't he r e a d E n g l i s h ?
7. Does she read E n glish ? D o e s n ’t she read E n g lish ?
8. Does the stu d en t read E n g li s h ? D oesn't the stu d en t r e a d E n g lis h ?
9. Does Mr. J o n e s r e a d E n g lis h ? D o e s n ’t Mr. J o n e s rea d E n g lis h ?
10. Does the t e a c h e r r e a d E n g lis h ? D oesn't the t e a c h e r r e a d E n g l i s h ?
W rite
Know
E X PL A N A T IO N AND D R IL L OF STRUCTURES
R eview,
I, 3rd P e r s o n S in g u la r.
You h a v e l e a r n e d T W O F O R M S o f v e r b s in E n g l i s h ,
© ©
speak speaks
read reads
w rite w rites
know knows
have has
want w ants
see sees
hear hears
s u b j e c t = I, s u b je c t = he,
(you, w e , they) ( s h e , it)
1 speak he speaks
I read he reads
I w rite he w rites
I k n ow he knows
I have he has
I want he w ants
I see he sees
I hear he hears
2, You h a v e l e a r n e d Q U E S T I O N F O R M S i n E n g l i s h ,
SPEA K E n glish ?
he
DOES she
M r. Jon es
D O E S N ’T the t e a c h e r
the s tu d e n t
Y o u h a v e l e a r n e d W O R D O R D E R in E n g l i s h
© © G>
(l) = Subject
I f t h e s u b j e c t i s I, y o u , w e , t h e y , t h e n (^) the v e r b is
S im p le F o rm
speak hear
have read
want w rite
know understand
see
3rd P e r s o n Singular
speaks w rites
has sees
reads hears
knows understands
E xam ples:
© © ©
1 + speak + E nglish w ell.
© © ©
She + speaks + F rench w ell.
® © © ®
(T) = V erb DO
If t h e s u b j e c t \ Z ) i s h e , s h e , t h e s t u d e n t , t h e n t h e v e r b D O h a s t h e f o r m
D O E S o r the n e g a t iv e D O E S N 'T .
(D = Verb
S im p le F o rm
have speak
want read
see w rite
hear understand
know
E xam ples:
<D 0 0
Do + you + speak + E n glish pretty w ell?
<D 0 0 0
D o n 11 + you + speak + F ren ch pretty w ell?
0 0 ©
Does + she + speak + E n g lish pretty w ell?
© © 0 ©
D o e s n Jt he speak + F rench p retty w ell?
160
Sum m ary
Statem ents
have has
want w ants
see sees
hear hears
speak speaks
read reads
w rite w rites
understand under stands
know knows
don't have d oesn't have
don't w ant d o esn 't want
don't s e e d oesn't see
don't h e a r d oesn't hear
don't sp ea k d o esn 't speak
don't read d oesn 't read
don't w r ite doesn't w rite
don't un d erstan d d o esn 't understand
don't know d o e s n 't know
Q uestions
Dn . Have . ,, , 9 Does . .
Do want . .. ? Does . .
]ln AAP _* __ 9 D oes ••
Do „h e a r -... . . . ? Does ..
Do sneak - ,. . . . ? Does ..
Do . read .... . . . ? Does ..
Do . w rite . . . . . . . ? Does ..
Do . . . . . understand ... ? Does ..
Do * . know . . . .. . . ? Does . .
4. A djectives
A djectives
r
W h a t K in d How M any j W hich One
1. Is this your f ir s t c l a s s ?
2. I s it an o l d t a p e ? old
3. T h e re a r e five c h a ir s . five
4. T h ese p en cils are y ello w . I y e l l ow
r-
O. T h e r e a r e no c l a s s e s on h o lid a y s . • no (none)
6. D e c e m b e r i s t h e l a s t m o n t h of the
year.
7 . T h is is a new car. new
8, I w ant ten p e n c i l s . ten
9. Your clo ck is s lo w . slow
10. M ine is fast. ! fast
J_______
6. Adverbs
A d v e r b s a n s w e r the q u e s t i o n s H o w , When, or W h e r e .
a. N o t i c e the a c t i o n v e r b s in t h e b o x . T h e a d v e r b s a n s w e r the q u e s t i o n H o w .
r
A ction Verb Adverb
(How )
t 1. H ow d o e s h e d r i v e ?
H e d r i v e s ----------------------- ca r e f u ily .
2. How d o e s sh e e x p la in ? ca r e f u i l y o r w e l l ,
3. How d o e s he s p e a k ? s lo w ly or fa st
4. How do th ey w o r k ? ha rd
Adverbs
When
...
| W here
W h en d o e s it b e g i n ? i!
>
It b e g i n s e a r l y . early :
W h e n d o e s he g e t up.
H e g e l s up l a t e . late
W h e r e i s it ?
It's tw o b lo c k s str a ig h t a h e a d . straight ahead
W h e r e d o e s it s t o p ?
It s t o p s h e r e . here
.L earn to a<id Ml y ,! to an a d j e c t i v e f o r m .
A djective Adverb
slow slow ly
quick quickly
easy easily
correct correctly
happy happily
careful carefu lly
S o m e a d j e c t i v e s and a d v e r b s h a v e t h e s a m e f o r m .
hard hard
slow slo w or s lo w ly
fast fast
late late
C o m p a r i s o n o f A d j e c t i v e s and A d v e r b s
a. A d j e c t i v e s and a d v e r b s o f o n e - s y l l a b l e f o r m t h e C o m p a r a t i v e by a d d i n g
M e r " t o th e p o s i t i v e f o r m .
sm all s m a l l e r (adjective)
big b ig g er (adjective)
fast ta s te r (adverb)
soon s o o n e r (adverb)
b. S o m e a d v e r b s a r e c o m p a r e d by p l a c i n g m o r e b e f o r e t h e a d v e r b . The word,
than is p la c e d a f t e r the a d v e r b .
H e L e a r n s m o r e q u i c k l y t h a n 1.
H e s t u d i e s m o r e c a r e f u l l y t h a n 1.
P ositive C om parative
w ell better
far farther
badly w orse
d. F i l l in t h e b l a n k s w i t h t h e a d v e r b i a l f o r m o f t h e a d j e c t i v e in p a r e n t h e s e s .
1. T h is i s an (easy) le s s o n .
2. He studies (careful).
3. T hey d rive v ery (fast).
4. You le a r n (easy).
5. She dances (beautiful).
6. They are (careful) students
S e l e c t th e c o r r e c t f o r m .
1. H e s p e a k s b e t t e r _________________________ ( a s , t h a n ) J o h n .
2. He d r i v e s (ca reless, carelessly).
3. S h e w o r k s v e r y __________________________ ( h a r d , h a r d l y ) .
4. S h e s t u d i e s m o r e ________________________ ( a s , t h a n ) t h e y .
e. S o . T h e a d v e r b " s o " i s u s e d w i t h e x p r e s s i o n s s u c h a s MI t h in k , M
MI b e l i e v e , n e t c .
H e ' s at th e a i r p o r t , i s n ' t h e ?
I think s o .
or I don't think so.
JLearn t o u s e n o u n s a s a d j e c t i v e s .
Noun
T h is is a gold w atch.
Noun u s e d a s an a d je c tiv e .
1. m inute hand
2. hour hand
3. auxiliary v e rb
4. school building
5. study guide
6. hospital area
Noun r N o u n
(Com pound Nouns)
E n g l i s h h a s m a n y c o m p o u n d no ur.s. T h e f i r s t p a r t or w o r d t e l l s s o m e t h i n g about
the second p a ri o r word.
%
G i v e the firs'* p a r t t h e s t r o n g e r s t r e s s .
*•7. ai rpor!
(a ir port)
8. cofieo-pot
( c o f f e e pot)
P e r s o n a l P ron ou n tabie
Repeal .
1 set- M r . J o n e s . 1 u n d e r s t a n d you*
1 see h im . D o you u n d e r sta n d m e ?
I s e e M r s . J on e. s . We u n d e r s t a n d y o u .
1 s e e her* Do you u n d e r s t a n d u s ?
1 h e a r th e t r a i n s ,
I h ear them .
165
1. Do y o u s e e M r s , J o n e s ?
D o y o u s e e __________________ ?
4. Do y o u u n d e r s t a n d t h o s e s t u d e n t s ?
Do you u n d e r s t a n d _________
5. D o e s he s e e you and m e ?
D oes he see ?
I 66
TAPE 1106A
R epeat,
speak speaks
read reads
w rite w rites
understand understands
to o
w ell
p erfectly
I d o n ’t k n o w a w o r d o f E n g l i s h .
Y ou don't know a w o r d of English*
W e don't know a w o r d of E n g lis h .
T h e y d o n ’t k n o w a w o r d o f E n g l i s h .
Repeat.
1. W ho i s t h a t l a d y o v e r t h e r e ?
1 h-a t Ts M r s . J o n e s .
5. And w h o i s t h a t m a n o v e r t h e r e ?
T h a t's Mr. J o n e s .
7. D o e s he u n d e r s t a n d E n g l i s h ?
Y e s, he u n d e r s t a n d s E n g l i s h p e r f e c t l y .
E x e r c i s e 1.
You w i l l h e a r t h e a f f i r m a t i v e q u e s t i o n . T h e n y o u r e c o r d an a f f i r m a t i v e a n s w e r
1. W ho is that lady o v e r t h e r e ?
4. D o e s s h e W'rite E n g l i s h ?
5. And w h o i s t h a t m a n o v e r t h e r e ?
7. D o es he understand E n g lish ?
R epeat.
1, W h o i s that l a d y o v e r t h e r e ?
T hat's M rs, J o n es.
5. And w h o i s t h a t m a n o v e r t h e r e ?
T hat's M r, Jones,
6. D o e s he s p e a k E n g l i s h ?
No, he d o e s n 't sp ea k E n g l i s h .
7. D o e s he understand E n g lish ?
N o , he d o e s n ' t u n d e r s t a n d a w o r d of E n g l i s h .
E x ercise 2.
You w i l l h e a r a q u e s t i o n . T h e n y o u r e c o r d th e n e g a t i v e a n s w e r .
6. And w h o i s that m a n o v e r t h e r e ?
6. D o es he speak E n g lish ?
7. D o e s he u n d e r s t a n d E n g l i s h ?
P r a c t i c e the c o n v e r s a t i o n s .
A: W h o i s th at l a d y o v e r t h e r e ?
B; That's M rs. J o n e s.
A: A n d w h o i s that m a n o v e r t h e r e ?
B: T h a t's M r, J o n e s.
A: D o e s he un d erstan d E n g lis h ?
B; Y e s , he u n d e r s t a n d s E n g l i s h p e r f e c t l y .
169
TAPE 1L06B
Rep e a t .
1 "
1
here Y e s , I know M r. J o n e s .
there Y es, I know th o se students.
%
over there t
*
R eview pronunciation p r a c t ic e .
R epeat.
4. Do you know M r. J o n e s ?
Y e s, I know M r. J o n e s .
4. D o you know M r. J o n e s ?
R epeat.
4. D o yo u know M r. J o n e s ?
No, 1 don't know M r. J o n e s .
2. Do you r e a d E n g lis h ?
4. Do you know M r. J o n e s ?
5. D o n ’t y o u k n o w t h o s e s t u d e n t s o v e r t h e r e ?
*
6. D o n ’t t h o s e s t u d e n t s s p e a k E n g l i s h ?
Repeat.
1. Do you sp ea k E n g lish ?
»
2. Do you r e a d E n g lis h ? ,
3. D o you w r i t e E n g lis h ?
4. Do you know M r. J o n e s?
TAPE 1106C
L i s t e n to a c o n v e r s a t i o n ab ou t a c l a s s s c h e d u l e .
J a c k , w h e r e ' s the c l a s s s c h e d u le ?
I t ' s on t h e b u l l e t i n b o a r d .
W here?
In B u i l d i n g 1 0 2 6 0 , R o o m 8.
T o t h e r i g h t of t h e d o o r .
Why, y e s . T h e s c h e d u le c h a n g e s e v e r y w e e k .
Y o u r n a m e i s t h e r e . I t ' s on t h e l e f t - h a n d s i d e .
Thanks, I'll go c h e c k .
R ep ea t e v e r y th in g you h e a r .
Ja ck , w h e r e ' s the c l a s s s c h e d u le ?
I t ' s on t h e b u l l e t i n b o a r d .
W here?
In B u i l d i n g 1 0 2 6 0 , R o o m 8.
T o the r ig h t of the d o o r .
Why, y e s . T h e s c h e d u le c h a n g e s e v e r y w e e k .
Y o u r n a m e i s t h e r e . I t ' s on t h e l e f t - h a n d s i d e .
P ronunciation p r a c tic e .
Repeat.
<
c la s s room (c la ss room)
notebook ( n o t e b ook )
s
w astebasket (w aste basket)
/•
breakfast (b r e a k fast)
/
airplane (air plane)
bulletin board
/
b a rb er shop
is / z/
has / z /
does / z /
d o e s n ’t / z /
R epeat,
I teach he t e a c h e s
I w ash he .w a s h e s
I finish he f i n i s h e s
Repeat, R ep eat,
■ i^ i ■
he - him T h is is a good sc h e d u le .
That sch ed u le is better.
she — her
it it
they — them
175
S t r u c t u r e s
P r e s e n t P r o g r e s s i v e T e n s e
A f f i r m a t i v e S t a t e m e n t s
N e g a t iv e S t a t e m e n t s
A f f i r m a t i v e Q u e s t io n s
N e g a t iv e Q u e s t io n s
E v e r y D a y / N o w
S o u n d a n d I n t o n a t io n
P r o n u n c ia t io n o f in g M
S t r e s s o f I m p o r t a n t W o r d s
V o ic e le s s / w h /
176
A M E R IC A N LA N G U A G E C O U R SE STUDENT TEXT;
UNIT 1107
C O N V E R S A T IO N AND R E A D IN G P R A C T IC E S
N ow
I 'm I'm
reading w r itin g
a book, a letter
H e 's
s t u d y i n g
h i s l e s s o n
R epetition P r a c tic e
1, I ’m r e a d i n g a b o o k .
3. I'm d riv in g a c a r .
4. P m fly in g a p l a n e .
5. I'm eating.
6. Pm re a d in g the p a p e r .
8. H e's sleeping.
10. T h e y ’r e s p e a k i n g F r e n c h .
178
P r a c t i c e the c o n v e rs a tio n .
A: Are you r e a d i n g a b o o k ? A: Is h e s t u d y i n g h i s l e s s o n ?
B: No, I'm not r e a d i n g a book. B: No, h e ’s n o t s t u d y i n g .
A r e you
studying
your
lesson?
Is he
reading
the news
paper?
180
P r a c t i c e t h e c o n v e r s a t io n ,
A : A r e y o u s t u d y in g y o u r le s s o n ?
B : N o , I ' m n o t.
A : A r e y o u r e a d in g t h e n e w s p a p e r ?
B : N o , I ' m n o t .
A : A r e y o u w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
B : Y e s , I a m .
A : I s h e s t u d y in g h i s le s s o n ?
B : N o , h e 's n o t .
A : I s h e r e a d in g t h e n e w s p a p e r ?
B : N o , h e 's n o t .
A : I s h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
B : Y e s , h e is .
A : I s s h e s t u d y in g h e r le s s o n ?
B : N o , s h e 's n o t .
A : I s s h e r e a d in g t h e n e w s p a p e r ?
B : N o , s h e 's n o t .
A : I s s h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
B : Y e s , s h e is . »
182
R epetition p r a c t ic e ,
; N o, I'm not.
: N o , I ' m not.
: A r en 't w e speaking F r e n c h ?
W>
: N o , t h e y ’r e not .
: I s n ’t t h e d o c t o r reading a book?
td>
: N o , h e ' s not,
: N o , h e ' s not.
183
The P r e s e n t P r o g r e s s i v e t e n s e
(P resen t P articiple)
read + ING reading
w rite + ING =
w riting
drive + ING driving
fly + ING — flying
eat + ING —
eating
want \ ING zz wanting
study + ING zz studying
sleep + ING — sleeping
speak + ING —• speaking
I ’m re a d i n g a b o o k .
Subject + f o r m of v e r b BE 4- ING f o r m o f a v e r b .
t
I + AM READ 1 + 1- ING
I'm ^ r e a d i:—
n g l ^/
I ' m r e a d i n g ...........i □
Subject + F o r m of v e r b BE
I -f- am = I'm
you + are = y o u 1r e *
he + is = he's
reading a book
she •f is = she's
we + are = w e're
I'm r e a d in g a book.
Y ou 're rea d in g a book.
H e's reading a book.
S h e 's r e a d in g a book.
W e 'r e r e a d in g a book.
T h e y 'r e reading a book.
184
b. I ' m not r e a d i n g a b o o k .
I M P O R T A N T N O T JE.
Rem em ber ! T w o p o s s i b l e c o m b i n a t i o n s of n e g a t iv e f o r m s
bui
F o r m of v e r b B E + subject + ING f o r m
ARE - YOU 4 -
READING ! + A BOOK?
A r e you ........................ I
■
A re we
A re they
reading a book?
Is h e
Is s h e
Am I
A re | + } not
A r e n ' t you
A ren't we
A r e n 't they
reading a book?
I s n ' t he
Isn't she
* xxxxxxxxx
S u m m a r y o f ING F o r m s
ING F o r m s :
( Y ou n o w k n o w t h r e e f o r m s f o r e a c h v e r b , )
3rd P e r s o n IN G -F orm
Sim ple Singu lar (Present
Verb F orm Form P articiple)
3. W ord Study
A r e n ' t y o u s t u d y i n g th e L e s s o n ?
A r e n ' t w e stu d y in g the Lesson?
A r e n 't th ey stu d yin g the l e s s o n ?
P r a c t i c e the q u e s tio n f o r m s .
A m I ......................................................'
Am I s t u d y i n g th.e l e s s o n ?
Am I w riting a letter?
Am I reading a book?
Am I f l y i n g an a i r p l a n e ?
Am I driving a car?
Am 1 speaking E nglish ?
A r e y o n ................................................ 1 A r e n * t y o u ..............................................
A r e w e ................................................ ? A r e n ’t w e .................................................
Am I studying? x x x x x x x x x x x x
Y e s , you a r c .
N o, you a r e n ' t .
Is he stu d yin g? I s n ’t he s t u d y i n g ?
Y e s , he i s .
No, he isn't.
Short A n sw e r C o m p lete A n sw er
Y es, he is. Y e s , he i s s t u d y i n g .
Give s h o r t a n s w e r s .
5. A m J studying? Yes,
No,
9. Is he s t u d y i n g ? Yes,
No, ‘
10. Is he d r iv in g a c a r ? Yes,
N o,
11. Is h e r e a d i n g a b o o k ? Yes,
No,
12. Is he w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ? Yes,
No,
189
4. D rill
The P r e s e n t P r o g r e s s iv e T en se
.............p “F
P e r s on Singular P lural
a. Rep e a t ,
b. Be + s i m p l e f o r m o f the v e r b + JNG
I am go ing.
c. F o r m the p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e t e n s e .
1. eat
2. sit
3. w rite
4, talk
5. fly
6. prepare
7. stand
8. drink
190
S e l e c t the p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e f o r m o f t h e v e r b s in p a r e n t h e s e s .
1. He (fly) t o d a y .
2. The teach er ( w r i t e ) on t h e b l a c k b o a r d .
4. He ( c o m e ) by p l a n e .
7. It (rain) hard.
9. He (sit down).
10. Thev ( s t a n d ) in l i n e .
11. He (ask) q u e s t io n s .
ry D a y / N o w
1. He s t u d i e s e v e r y d a y .
He is stu d yin g now.
3. He w r i t e s on the b la c k b o a r d e v e r y day.
H e i s w r i t i n g on t h e b l a c k b o a r d n o w .
4. The c l a s s ta k e s a b r e a k e v e r y day.
The c l a s s is taking a b r e a k now.
T h e p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e t e n s e = A n a c t i o n w h i c h i s g o i n g on or
continuing now.
191
a. S e l e c t t h e c o r r e c t f o r m o f t h e v e r b s in p a r e n t h e s e s . Sim ple p r e se n t te n se
or t h e p r o g r e s s i v e f o r m o f t h e p r e s e n t t e n s e .
4. He (fly) t h i s m o r n i n g .
5. He ( e a t ) b r e a k f a s t a t e i g h t o ’c l o c k .
9. They (take) a b r e a k e v e r y h o u r.
10. They (t a k e ) a b r e a k r i g h t n o w .
1 1. It u s u a l l y ( r a i n ) ir, S e p t e m b e r .
) 2. I t ’s (ram) today.
1. I s th e s u n s h i n i n g ?
2. What i s y o u r t e a c h e r d o i n g n o w ?
3. Who is sittin g n ex t to the d o o r?
4. W h a t ki n d o f c i g a r e t t e s d o e s he s m o k e ?
5. W h o i s s t a n d i n g at t h e d o o r ?
6. W h e n do y o u s t u d y ?
7, W h a t a r e y o u d o i n g now'?
8. Who i s he w r i t i n g t o ?
192
HUNGRY THIRSTY T A L L yX
T H IN [/T h e doctor
eating drinking is
sittin g down sitting down yX He
yX SHORT
yX FAT
/ T h e y a r e s t a n d in g up.
♦ X
The officer The girl The sum yX
is is i s yX
He She
RIGHT y X
BUSY UPSET He i s /T h e sum
w ritin g/^ is
w riting g e t t i n g up
talking yX WRONG
telephoning / He is erasin g.
sittin g down
I/ T h e y a r e n u m b e r s .
/ T h e d rin k s a re sitting
r on t h e t a b l e .
TAPE L 107A
Repeat.
i
I'm reading. a book
Y ou're reading. a letter
W e're reading. a car
T h ey're reading. a plane
H e's reading. the paper ]
S h e's reading. the l e s s o n j
8. Is he sleep in g ?
Y es, h e's sleeping.
A ren't you r e a d i n g ........................ ?
A ren't you d r i v i n g . . .................... ? 9. A r e they speaking E n g lish ?
A ren't you f l y i n g ............................ ? Y e s , th ey 're speaking English..
A ren't you e a t i n g ..........................?
A ren't you s t u d y i n g .....................? 10 . A re they speaking F ren ch ?
A ren't you s l e e p i n g ............. . . . ? Y es, th e y 'r e speaking F ren ch .
A ren't you s p e a k i n g ..................... 7
195
E x e r c i s e 1, E x e r c i s e 2.
3; A r e you eating? 8. Is h e s l e e p i n g ?
No, I'm not eating.
9. A r e they speaking E n glish ?
4. Is he s tu d y in g h i s l e s s o n ?
No, h e 's not studying. 10. A re they speaking F ren ch ?
TAPE 1107B
Repeat.
studying Yes, 1 am .
reading No, I'm not.
w riting
Yes, you are.
No, y o u 'r e not.
E x e r c i s e 2.
y o u 'r e not — you a ren 't
w e ' r e not — we aren't R ecord a short
t h e y ' r e not — they aren't question.
I'm not I'm not
h e 1s n o t = he is n 't 1. A r e n 't you
s h e 1s not she isn't
2. A ren 't you
5. Is s h e r e a d in g the n e w s p a p e r ?
Y es, she is.
6. Is sh e w ritin g a le tte r ?
Y es, she is.
E xercise 4.
2. A r e you r e a d in g the n e w s p a p e r ?
3. A r e you w r itin g a le t t e r ?
4. Is he stu d y in g h is l e s s o n ?
5. Is he r e a d in g th e n e w s p a p e r ?
6. Is h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
7. Is sh e s tu d y in g h e r L esson?
8* Is s h e r e a d in g the n e w s p a p e r ?
9. Is s h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
E x e r c i s e 5.
R epeat.
E x e r c i s e 6.
R epeat.
2. A r e you r e a d in g the n e w s p a p e r ?
3. A re you w r it in g a le t t e r ?
4. Is h e s t u d y i n g h i s l e s s o n ?
5. Is he r e a d i n g t h e n e w s p a p e r ?
6. Is h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
7. Is s h e s t u d y i n g h e r l e s s o n ?
8. Is s h e r e a d i n g the n e w s p a p e r ?
9. Is s h e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
199
TAPE 1107C
Of c o u r s e . S m o k e . G et a drink. 9. D o t h e y s p e a k E n g l i s h in c l a s s ?
Go o u ts id e . Y e s, they do. They sp eak E n g lish
in c l a s s . T h e y a r e a ll sp eaking
E nglish.
Repeat.
W h e n d o e s he g e t u p ?
H e g e t s up e a r l y .
H e 16 g e t t i n g up n o w .
Do you d r e s s quickly?
Y e s, I do.
I'm d r e s s i n g now.
W h e r e do w e eat?
W e e a t in t h e r e s t a u r a n t .
W e ’r e g o i n g t h e r e r i g h t n o w .
D o n ’t t h e y l i k e h o t c o f f e e ?
Y e s , they do.
T h e y 'r e d rin k in g hot c o ffe e .
D o e s he pay for h is m e a l s ?
Yes.
H e 's p aying for h is m e a l now.
D o you sh a v e e v e r y day?
Y e s , I do.
I'm shaving now.
T h e £ in Mi n g ' r i s s i l e n t .
L isten and r e p e a t .
g e t t i n g up
s ittin g down
studying
sleeping
eating
drinking
W h a t i s he r e a d i n g ?
H e's reading a book.
What a r e th ey s p e a k i n g ?
T h e y 'r e s p e a king E n g li s h .
H e ’s d r i n k i n g h o t c o f f e e .
T h e y ’r e d r i v i n g f a s t .
What i s t h a t ?
That is a new r e c o r d e r .
Z0 3
A M E R I C A N L A N G U A G E COURSE
Structures
A nything and A n y P l a c e
Be — P ast Tense
T im e E x p ressio n s
UNIT 1108
W h a t is \ . W h at is H e ’s • W h a t is
the te a c h e r / j H e’s the li ste n in g the b a r b e r / H e’s
d o in g ? r ^ ^ w r i t i n g on student to a doing? r ' cutting
ft h e b l a c k b o a r d doing? tape. m y hair
What a r e
tho 6 e W here are I ’m going
They' re
people y ou g oi ng to New Y o r k
eating
doing? J
dinner.
W h e r e is the
student i
going? /
206
R epetition p ra ctice
: What a m I d o in g ?
D3 >
; H e ’ s w r i t i n g on t h e b l a c k b o a r d .
: H e ’s c u t t i n g m y h a i r .
: What a r e th o s e p e o p le doing?
tfl >
: W h e r e a r e you going?
03 >
: W h e r e i s the t e a c h e r going?
w >
: H e ' s going to c l a s s .
: W h e r e is the stu d en t g o in g ?
W>
: H e ' s g o i n g to t h e l a b .
: W h e r e is that p e r s o n going?
: H e ’s going to the b a r b e r shop.
: W h ere a r e th o se p e o p le going?
tJJ >
V------
A r e n ’t you
g oi ng to I s n ’t the s t u d e n t j
Ne w Y o r k ? r e a d i n g a book? I
208
R epetition p r a c t ic e .
A: Wh at a r e y o u r e a d i n g ? A: I 6 n rt t h e b a r b e r c u t t i n g y o u r h a i r
B: I' m n o t r e a d i n g a n y t h i n g . B: No, h e is n 't .
A: A r e n ' t y o u g o in g to N e w Y o rk ?
B: No, I'm not.
r Was the W as the \
W as the doctor nurse here
h ere last
t e a c h e r in I _____
yesterday
I J
night ? afternoon ?
c la s s this J f Yes,
m o r n in g ? / j she w as
W as I
here
we w ere last
week ?
210
Repetition p r a c tic e ,
A: W ere you h e r e y e s te r d a y ?
B: Yes, I w as,
A: W e r e y o u in c l a s s t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B: Y e s, I w as,
A: W as the student h e r e y e s t e r d a y m o r n in g ?
B: Y es, he w a s.
A: W as the n u r s e h e r e y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ?
B: Y es, she w a s.
A: W a s t h e t e a c h e r in c l a s s t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B: Y es, she w as.
A: W e r e w e in c l a s s l a s t w e e k ?
B: Yes, we w ere.
A: W e r e the stu d e n ts h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
B: Yes, we w ere.
R epetition p r a c t ic e .
: W e r e n ’t y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ?
D >
C
: No, I w a s n ' t .
: W e r e n ’t y o u i n c l a s s t h i s m o r n i n g ?
: No, I w a s n ' t .
D >•
: W a s n ’t t h e s t u d e n t h e r e y e s t e r d a y m o r n i n g ?
C
: No, he w a s n 't.
: W a s n ’t t h e d o c t o r h e r e l a s t n i g h t ?
D >
C
: N o , h e w a s n ’t.
: No, s h e w a s n ' t ,
: W a s n ' t t h e t e a c h e r in c l a s s t h i s m o r n i n g ?
Cd>
: N o , s h e w a s n ’t.
W e r e n ' t w e in c l a s s l a s t w e e k ?
D >
C
No, w e w e r e n 't .
W t>
W e r e n 't the s tu d e n ts h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
N o , t h e y w e r e n ’t.
N o , y o u w e r e n ’t.
EXPLANATIO N AND DRILL OF STRUCTURES
Wha t a r e y o u d o i n g ?
I'm rea d in g a book.
W h ere a r e you g o in g ?
V m g o in g to N e w Y o r k .
Repeat-
*
am I
a r e you
W here are we going?
a r e they
is he /
is she
am I doing?
a r e you reading?
What are we w riting?
a r e they eating?
i s he studying?
is she lis t e n in g to?
.... . . . J
214
2, P repositional P h ra se
{to - in - on)
• I ’m g o i n g t o N e w Y o r k .
• H e ’s g o i n g t o t h e l a b .
• H e ’s g o i n g t o t h e b a r b e r s h o p .
• T h e y ’r e g o i n g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t . -------------------
to - a P R E P O S IT IO N in E n g lis h
T h i s i s c a l l e d a P R E P O S I T I O N A L P H R A S E , ----------
in a P R E P O S IT IO N in E n g l i s h
• T he student is in c l a s s . --------------------
on a P R E P O S I T I O N in E n g l i s h
• H e ’s w r i t i n g o n t h e b l a c k b o a r d . --------------------
I'm to N e w York.
Y o u ’r e
H e ’s going to the lab.
She's
We ’r e to the b a rb ersh o p .
T h e y ’r e to the r e s ta u r a n t.
What a r e you r e a d in g ?
I ’m n o t r e a d i n g a n y t h i n g .
W h e r e a r e you going?
I ’m not going anyplace.
NOTE:
N O T d o i n g ......................................... a n y t h i n g
N O T g o i n g .................. anyplace
Repeat these se n te n c e s.
1- W h e r e .are you g o in g ?
l 1m g o i n g t o N e w Y o r k I'm not going
I'm going to the b a r b e r sh o p , I'm not going
I cm g o i n g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t . I'm not going
I Tm n o t g o i n g a n y p l a c e . I'm not going
2. What a r e you d o in g ?
I'm reading a book. I'm not reading
I'm w r it in g a le tte r . I fm not w riting
I'm d rivin g a car. I'm not driving
I'm not doing anything. I'm not doing
3. W h e r e i s the stu d en t g o in g ?
T h e stu d e n t i s g o in g to the lab. The student isn 't
T h e stu d en t i s g o in g to the The student isn't
restaurant.
T h e 9 t u d e n t i s g o i n g to N e w Y o r k . The student isn 't
The s t u d e n t i s n ’ t g o in g a n y p l a c e . The student isn't
C hange to the n e g a t i v e f o r m .
BE — the P a s t T e n s e .
WAS
= p a s t t e n s e f o r m s of the v e r b B E
WERE
negative = w a s n Tt
w eren't
N egative Q uestion
T im e E xp ression s
yesterday
y esterd a y m orning
y esterd ay afternoon
la st night
this m o rn in g
last week
day before yesterday
year before last
two y e a r s ago
I was ye s t e r d a y .
He w a s he re y esterd a y m orning.
She w as y esterd ay afternoon.
there l a s t night.
You w e r e this m o rn in g .
We w e r e in c l a s s last week.
1
They w ere
E x e r c i s e 1. C onversation p ra ctice.
R epeat.
SHORT A N SW ER S w ith p a s t t e n s e f o r m a of B e .
3. W as he h e re ? W as he h ere?
Y e s , h e was.. No, he w a s n 't.
L i s t e n t o t h e s e s e n t e n c e s a s y o u l o o k a t t h e p i c t u r e s o n p a g e 192.
2. C h a n g e t h e s e n t e n c e s t o p a s t t e n s e q u e s t i o n s w i t h h e , s h e , it, t h e y .
Instructor: T h e c a d e t s ’r e h u n g r y .
Student : W e r e they hungry y e s te r d a y ?
3. R ep eat the s e n t e n c e s . T h e n c h a n g e t h e m to q u e s t i o n s .
Instructor: S h e rs t h i r s t y .
Student : S h e ’s th ir s ty . Is s h e t h i r s t y ?
Student B : Is h e t h i r s t y or h u n g r y ?
Student C : S h e ’s t h i r s t y n o w ; s h e w a s h u n g r y yesterday.
219
P e r s on Singular P lural
i s t mo e r s o n I was We w ere
2nd p e r s o n Y ou w e r e You w e r e
3rd p e r so n He., s h e , it. They w ere
was
a. C h a n g e t h e s e n t e n c e s t o th e p a s t t e n s e .
1. lie is s ic k today.
2. T h e t e m p e r a t u r e i s h ig h,
3. The t h e r m o m e t e r is broken.
4. H is hair is long.
8. They are a sleep .
6. H is w atch is s i o w #
7. My b o o k i s o p e n .
8. T h e s t u d e n t s a r e ar << m o v i e .
9. T h e a s p i r i n box i s o n th e t a b l e .
10. C a p t a i n J o n e s i s the C o m m a n d e r .
11. It i s u p s t a i r s .
J2. T h e r e a r e f i v e s t u d e n t s in t h e c l a s s
b. F i l l t h e b l a n k s w i t h th e c o r r e c t p a s t t e n s e f o r m of B e .
1. He h e r e two y e a r s ago.
2 . 1 s ick la st w eek,
3. H is office in B u i l d i n g 7 4 4 0 .
4. T h e r f c ____ m any students h ere year before last.
5. J ohn n o t in c l a s s y e s t e r d a y .
6. The doctor n o t in h i s o f f i c e .
7. T h e new' s c h e d u l e n o t on t h e b u l l e t i n b o a r d .
8. T h e b a c o n and e g g s good.
Vr T h e b r e a k _______ ___ too short.
10. T h e m i l i t a r y b u s ___ on t i m e .
11. T h e Lape ______ broke/).
12. They in th e c a r .
c. C h a n g e t o tn e c o n t r a c t e d n e g a t i v e f o r m s .
1. He w a s in t h e o f f i c e .
2. T hey w e r e here year b efore last.
3. She w a s s ic k y e s t e r d a y .
4. It w a s l a t e .
5. T h ey w e r e with us.
6. •The n e w s p a p e r w a s t o r n .
7. My h a ir w a s long.
8. H is f a m i l y w a s at h o m e .
9. H e w a s at t h e m o v i e l a s t n i g h t .
10. She w a s tired .
220
d. C hange to the q u e s t i o n f o r m s .
I a m h e r e now. I WAS h e r e y e s t e r d a y . I W A S N ’T h e r e l a s t w e e k .
t
He is h e r e now. He WAS h ere y e sterd a y . H e W A S N ’T h e r e l a s t w e e k .
She She She
It It It
N o te th a t t h e r e a r e tw o p a s t f o r m s of B E .
WAS for a ll sin g u la r f o r m s .
W E R E fo r a ll p lu ra l form s,.
•i
Instructor Student
Note: In n o r m a l r a p i d s p e e c h , W A S i s o f t e n p r o n o u n c e d / w a z / , a n d W E R E i s
often p ron ou n ced / w ^ r / .
T h e s e s h o r t s p o k e n f o r m s a r e s i m i l a r t o c o n t r a c t i o n s , s u c h a s i s n ’t,
a r e n ’t, t h e y ' r e , e t c .
221
TAPE HOaA
R e p e a t ,
a b o o k m y b o o k
a l e t t e r y o u r b o o k
a b la c k b o a r d o u r b o o k
a ta p e h is b o o k
a c la s s h e r b o o k
a la b t h e i r b o o k
a b a r b e r s h o p
a r e s t a u r a n t
R e v ie w p r o n u n c ia t io n p r a c t ic e .
E x e r c i s e 1, Q u e s t io n a n d a n s w e r
b o o k s p r a c t i c e .
l e t t e r s
b la c k b o a r d s R e p e a t ,
t a p e s
c la s s e s 1. W h a t a r e y o u d o in g ?
la b s l* m r e a d in g a b o o k ,
b a r b e r s h o p s
r e s t a u r a n t s 2 . W h a t a m I d o in g ?
Y o u tr e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ,
3 . W h a t is t h e t e a c h e r d o in g ?
H e rs w r i t i n g o n t h e b la c k b o a r d ,
d o in g
r e a d in g 4 . W h a t is th e s t u d e n t d o in g ?
w r i t i n g H e * s li s t e n in g t o a t a p e ,
l i s t e n in g t o
c u t t in g 5 . W h a t i s t h e b a r b e r d o in g ?
e a t in g H e *8 c u t t in g m y h a i r ,
g o in g
s t u d y in g 6 . W h a t a r e th o s e p e o p le d o in g ?
T h e y fr e e a t in g d i n n e r ♦
7 . W h e r e a r e y o u g o in g ?
I * m g o in g t o N e w Y o r k ,
t o N e w Y o r k
t o c la s s 8 . W h e r e is th e t e a c h e r g o in g ?
H e *8 g o in g t o c la s s ,
t o t h e la b
t o t h e b a r b e r s h o p 9 - W h e r e i s t h e s t u d e n t g o in g ?
t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t H e *8 g o in g t o t h e la b ,
1 0 , W h e r e i s t h a t p e r s o n g o in g ?
H e *8 g o in g t o t h e b a r b e r s h o p #
a n y p la c e 1 1 , W h e r e a r e t h o s e p e o p le g o in g ?
a n y t h in g
T h e y " r e g o in g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t .
222
C o n v e r s a t io n R e c o r d th e a n s w e r s to q u e s tio n s 1-11*
p r a c t ic e * L i s t e n to th e q u estio n *
T h e n r e c o r d th e a n s w e r *
1. W h at a r e y ou d o in g ?
2« W h at a m I d o in g ?
3* W h a t i s th e t e a c h e r d o in g ?
4* W h at is th e s tu d e n t d o in g ?
5* W h at i s th e b a r b e r d o in g ?
6. W h at a r e th o s e p e o p le d o in g ?
7. W h e r e a r e yo u g o in g ?
8* W h e re i s th e t e a c h e r g o in g ?
9* W h e re i s th e s tu d e n t g o in g ?
1 0 * W h e r e i s t h a t p e r s o n g o in g ?
11. W h e r e a r e th o s e p e o p le g o in g ?
E x e r c i s e 2* Q u e s tio n s a n d a n s w e rs *
W hat a r e yo u d o in g ? I s n 't th e s tu d e n t r e a d i n g a b o o k ?
I 'm n o t d o in g a n y th in g . N o, h e 's n o t*
W h at a r e y ou r e a d in g ? I s n 't th e b a r b e r c u ttin g y o u r h a i r ?
I 'm n o t r e a d i n g a n y th in g . N o, h e i s n ' t .
W h at a r e y ou s tu d y in g ? I s n 't th e n u r s e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ?
I 'm n o t s tu d y in g a n y th in g * N o, s h e i s n 't *
W h e re a r e y ou g o in g ? A m I s p e a k in g F r e n c h ?
1*10 not goinft anyplace. N o, y ou a r e n 't *
A r e n 't yo u s tu d y in g y o u r l e s s o n ? A r e n 't th e y s tu d y in g t h e i r l e s s o n ?
No, I 'm not* N o, th e y a r e n 't *
T h e n r e c o r d t h e a n s w e r *
1 ,- W h a t a r e y o u d o in g ? _______________________________________________________________________
2 . W h a t a r e y o u r e a d in g ? ________________________________________________________________________
3 * W h a t a r e y o u s t u d y in g ? ____________________________________________________________ ___________
4 . W h e r e a r e y o u g o in g ? _______________________________________________________________________
5 . A r e n 't y o u s t u d y in g y o u r le s s o n ? _ _ _________
6 . A r e n ' t y o u g o in g t o N e w Y o r k ? ,
8 * I s n 't th e b a r b e r c u t t in g y o u r h a i r ? ________________________________________________________________________
9 . I s n 't th e n u r s e w r i t i n g a l e t t e r ? .
1 0 . A m I s p e a k in g F r e n c h ? •
1 1 . A r e n ' t t h e y s t u d y in g t h e i r le s s o n ? _______________________________________________________________________
224
TA PE 1 1 0 8 B
* * . ' • > .V* . ' •
f * •« ■ •
Repeat.
y e s t e r d a y W a s t h e t e a c h e r . • .
t h is m o r n in g W a s t h e n u r s e . • • •
y e s t e r d a y m o r n in g W a s t h e d o c t o r . •»
l a s t n ig h t W a s t h e s t u d e n t • •
y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n
la s t w e e k
s tu d e n t W a s n ’t th e t e a c h e r • ♦ . . ?
d o c t o r W a s n ’t th e n u r s e • • . . . ?
nurse W a s n ’t th e d o c t o r ?
teacher W a s n 't th e s t u d e n t . . . . ?
E x e r c i s e 1. Q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
s tu d e n t s
d o c t o r s
n u r s e s 1. W e r e y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ?
t e a c h e r s Y e s , .1 w a s .
2 . W e r e y o u i n c la s s t h is m o r n in g ?
•
Y e s , I w a s .
h e r e 3 . W a s t h e s t u d e n t h e r e y e s t e r d a y
t h e r e . m o r n in g ?
i n c la s s Y e s , h e w a s .
4 . W a s t h e d o c t o r h e r e l a s t n ig h t ?
Y e s , h e w a s .
y o u w e r e 5 . W a s t h e n u r s e h e r e y e s t e r d a y
w e w e r e a f t e r n o o n ?
t h e y w e r e Y e s , s h e w a s .
h e w a s 6 . W a s t h e t e a c h e r in c la s s t h is
s h e w a s m o r n in g ?
Y e s , s h e w a s .
*
7 . W e r e w e in c la s s l a s t w e e k ?
Y e s , w e w e r e .
y o u w e r e n ’t
w e w e r e n 't 8 . W e r e t h e s t u d e n t s h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
t h e y w e r e n ’t Y e s , t h e y w e r e .
h e w a s n ’t 9 . W a s 1 h e r e la s t w e e k ?
s h e w a s n ’ t Y e s , y o u w e r e .
C o n v e r s a t io n p r a c t ic e . R e c o r d t h e a f f i r m a t i v e a n s w e r s t o q u e s t io n s 1 - 9
R e c o r d t h e a n s w e r s .
1. W e r e y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ? .
2 . W e r e y o u in c la s s t h is m o r n i n g ? _____________________________________________________________________
3 . W a s th e s t u d e n t h e r e y e s t e r d a y m o r n in g ? ______________________________________________
4. W a s t h e d o c t o r h e r e l a s t n ig h t ?
5 . W a s t h e n u r s e h e r e y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ? ■
6 . W a s t h e t e a c h e r in c la s s t h is m o r n in g ? ______________________________________________
7 . W e r e w e in c la s s la s t w e e k ?
8 . W e r e t h e s t u d e n t s h e r e l a s t w e e k ? ______________________________________________
9 . W a s I h e r e la s t w e e k ? ’
E x e r c i s e 2 . Q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
R e p e a t . ,
1. W e r e n 't y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ?
N o , I w a s n 't .
2 . W e r e n 't y o u in c la s s t h is m o r n in g ?
N o , I w a s n 't .
3 . W a s n 't t h e s t u d e n t h e r e y e s t e r d a y m o r n in g ?
N o , h e w a s n 't .
4. W a s n 't t h e d o c t o r h e r e l a s t n ig h t ?
N o , h e w a s n 't .
5 . W a s n 't t h e n u r s e h e r e y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ?
N o , s h e w a s n 't .
6 . W a s n 't t h e t e a c h e r i n c la s s t h is m o r n in g ?
N o , s h e w a s n 't .
7 . W e r e n 't w e i n c la s s l a s t w e e k ?
N o , w e w e r e n 't .
8 . W e r e n 't t h e s t u d e n t s h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
N o , t h e y w e r e n 't .
9 . W a s n 't I h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
N o , y o u w e r e n 't .
226
C o n v e r s a t io n p r a c t i c e . R e c o r d t h e n e g a t iv e a n s w e r s t o q u e s t io n s 1 - f
R e c o r d t h e a n s w e r s .
1. • W e r e n 't y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ?
2 . W e r e n 't y o u in c la s s t h is m o r n in g ?
3 . . W a s n 't t h e s t u d e n t h e r e y e s t e r d a y m o r n i n g ? _________________________________________
4 . W a s n 't t h e d o c t o r h e r e l a s t n ig h t ? _________________________________________
5 . . W a s n 't t h e n u r s e h e r e y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ? _________________________________________
6 . W a s n 't t h e t e a c h e r i n c la s s t h is m o r n in g ? _________________________________________
%
7. W eren't w e in c la s s l a s t w e e k ? _________________________________________
8 . W eren't t h e s t u d e n t s h e r e l a s t w e e k ?
9 * W a s n 't I h e r e la s t w e e k ?
TAPE 1108C
L i 8 t e n t o a c o n v e r s a t io n a b o u t c o ld s .
D o y o u h a v e a n a s p i r i n ?
S u r e , w h y ? D o y o u h a v e a h e a d a c h e ?
Y e s , I h a v e a b a d h e a d a c h e *
I Hon c a t c h in g c o ld , to o .
D o y o u h a v e f e v e r ?
1 d o n ’ t k n o w . M y f a c e f e e ls w a r m .
I ' m g o in g t o t a k e y o u r t e m p e r a t u r e .
H e r e 's a t h e r m o m e t e r . P u t i t in y o u r
m o u t h .
F o r h o w lo n g ?
O h , j u s t a f e w m in u t e s . l fl l c h e c k t h e
t im e .
A l l r ig h t , t h a n k y o u .
R e p e a t e v e r y t h in g y o u h e a r .
D o y o u h a v e a n a s p i r i n ?
S u r e , w h y ? D o y o u h a v e a h e a d a c h e ?
Y e s , I h a v e a b a d h e a d a c h e .
I ' m c a t c h in g c o ld , t o o .
D o y o u h a v e f e v e r ?
1 d o n 't k n o w . M y fa c e f e e ls w a r m .
I ' m g o in g t o t a k e y o u r t e m p e r a t u r e .
H e r e 's a t h e r m o m e t e r . P u t i t in y o u r
m o u t h .
F o r h o w lo n g ?
O h , j u s t a f e w m in u t e s . I ' l l c h e c k th e
t im e .
A l l r ig h t , t h a n k y o u .
228
S O U N D A N D I N T O N A T I O N
S t r e s s th e m a in v e r b # I a m t h i r s t y . I w a s t h i r s t y .
D o n ’t s t r e s s t h e a u x i l i a r y v e r b s B e a n d D o , Y o u a r e t h i r s t y . Y o u w e r e t h i r s t y .
H e is t h i r s t y * H e w a s t h i r s t y .
/
H e is c a t c h in g a c o ld . S h e i s t h i r s t y * S h e w a s t h ir s t y *
I t is t h i r s t y . I t w a s t h i r s t y .
S h e is t a k in g h is t e m p e r a t u r e .
W e a r e t h i r s t y . W e w e r e t h i r s t y .
I ’m g o in g t o th e la b * Y o u a r e t h i r s t y . Y o u w e r e t h i r s t y .
T h e y a r e t h i r s t y , T h e y w e r e t h i r s t y .
W h a t a r e y o u d o in g ?
R e p e a t t h e s e q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
W h e r e a r e t h e y g o in g ?
D o y o u w a n t a b ig b r e a k f a s t ?
/
T h e y a r e d r i v i n g f a s t* N o , I ’m n o t h u n g r y .
4
I ' m n o t d o in g a n y t h in g . W h a t a r e y o u g o in g t o e a t?
I ’m g o in g t o e a t b a c o n a n d e g g s .
T h e y a r e n 't t a k in g a b r e a k .
D o n 't t h e y s m e l l g o o d ?
A r e n ' t t h e y s m o k in g ? Y e f , t h e y d o .
H e ’ s s t a n d in g o v e r t h e r e . H o w d o y o u lik e y o u r e g g s ?
O v e r e a s y .
D o y o u u n d e r s t a n d ?
H o w d o y o u li k e y o u r s ?
D o e s h e w a n t a n a s p i r i n ? S t r a ig h t u p . N o t to o h a r d .
D o e 8 s h e h a v e a h e a d a c h e ? D o n ’t y o u w a n t s o m e c o f f e e , t o o ?
%
Y e s , I d o .
/
D o n ’t t h e y p la n t o g o ?
R e p e a t .
D o e s n 't h e s h in e h is s h o e s ?
H e ’ s in c la s s n o w .
/
D o e s n ’t h e u s u a lly e a t h e r e ? H e w a s in c la s s y e s t e r d a y .
D o e s h e f e e l t i r e d ? I s h e in c la s s n o w ?
W a s h e in c la s s y e s t e r d a y ?
/
D o e s i t r u n w e ll?
H e ’ s n o t in c la s s n o w .
R e p e a t * H e w a s n 't in c la s s y e s t e r d a y *
I w a s h e r e y e s t e r d a y . I s n 't h e in c la s s n o w ?
I w a s n ’t h e r e y e s t e r d a y . W a s n ’t h e i n c la s s y e s t e r d a y ?
W a s I h e r e y e s t e r d a y ?
W a s n 't I h e r e y e s t e r d a y ? I ' m g o in g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t t o d a y .
1 w a s g o in g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t y e s t e r d a y .
W e w e r e h e r e l a s t w e e k .
W e w e r e n ’t h e r e la s t w e e k * H e ’ s g o in g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t to d a y .
W e r e w e h e r e l a s t w e e k ? H e w a s g o in g t o t h e r e s t a u r a n t
W e r e n 't w e h e r e la s t w e e k ? y e s t e r d a y *
W e 'r e g o in g t o th e r e s t a u r a n t to d a y .
T h e y w e r e g o in g t o th e r e s t a u r a n t
y e s t e r d a y .
229
O UT L I N E AN D STUDY O B J E C T I V E S
P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e T e n se
N e g a tiv e S ta tem en ts
N eg a tiv e Q u estion s
A ctio n V erb s
P a s t T en se
Ir r e g u la r V erb s
P ast P r o g r e ssiv e /P a st
A M E R IC A N L A N G U A G E C O U R S E St u d e n t t e x t
UNIT 1109
C O N V E R S A T IO N A N D R E A D IN G P R A C T IC E S
P r a c t i c e th e c o n v e r s a t i o n .
V,
' W ere you
lis te n in g to W as th e student
th e tape at Y e s , I w a s lis t e n in g l studying y e s te r d a y
9 o 'c lo c k ? to th e'ta p e. aftern oon ?
c r ?
R e p e t i t i o n p r a c t i c e
A; W e r e y o u r e a d in g a b ook t h i s m o r n in g ?
B: Y e s , I w a s r e a d in g a book,
A: W e r e y o u stu d y in g y o u r l e s s o n a t 8 o ’c lo c k ?
B: Y e s , I w a s stu d y in g m y l e s s o n ,
A: W e r e y o u l i s t e n i n g to th e tap e a t 9 o ’c lo c k ?
B: Y e s , 1 w a s l i s t e n i n g to the ta p e .
A: W as th e b a r b e r c u ttin g y o u r h a ir a t 4 o ’c l o c k y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ?
B; Y e s , h e w a s cu ttin g m y h a ir .
A: W e r e the s tu d e n ts sp e a k in g E n g li s h l a s t n ig h t?
B: Y e s , t h e y w e r e s p e a k in g E n g l i s h .
232
r
233
R e p e t it io n p r a c t i c e
4
I
234
We sa w i
th re e 1 — ““ ^
planes I/T h e y s a w tw o \ f He sa w She saw a
th is p t u d e n t s l a s t / / t h e la b t h i s bus this
m orning^A night* J I m o r n i n g . / .morning.
.She heard
I heard a You heardyf We heard \ { They heard He h ea rtfl a tape
train an a plane twojra dog a f e w i 1 a bus ten a c a r fiv^ C jth ree
hour ago*i hours ago* jlrninutea a g o m in u t e b ago^ m inutes agoVhours ago,
ZM
R e p e titio n p r a c t ic e
2. I saw a tr a in y e s te r d a y .
You saw tw o c a r s y e s te r d a y .
We saw th r e e p la n e s th is m o rn in g .
T hey saw two stu d en ts la s t night.
He saw the lab th is m o rn in g .
She saw a bus th is m o rn in g .
3. I h e a r d a tr a in an hour ago.
You h e a r d a p lan e two h o u rs ago.
We h ea rd a dog a few m in u te s ago.
T h ey h e a r d a bus ten m in u te s ago.
He h e a r d a c a r f iv e m in u te s a g o .
She h e a r d a tape th ree h o u r s a go.
4. I w an ted a book th is m o rn in g .
You w anted a tape y e s te r d a y .
We w anted a ch a ir and a table th is m orning,
T hey w anted p e n c ils y e s te r d a y .
He w anted a c a r la s t y e a r .
She w anted a p lan e la s t y e a r .
9
I
237
You wrote They
I wrote a letter We wrote wrote / (H e wrote atfShe wrote
a letter yesterday a letter iettersVAletter this [/letter this
la st night, afternoon. yesterday. ^ast week Jl1110*hing. / Jafternoon.
J
^ / (T.
iii ijwiiwlia
You A f We She
listened //lis t e n e d They listened
I listened to to a tape u,to a tape listened to He listened rto a tape
a tape yesterday]] this a tape this to a tape yesterday
yesterday. afternoon / ( m or ning. afternoon. la st night. morning.
iu
R e p e titio n p r a c t ic e
3. I w ro te a le tte r la s t night.
You w r o te a le tte r y e s te r d a y a ftern o o n .
We w r o te a le tte r y e s te r d a y .
They w r o te le t t e r s la s t w eek .
He w r o te a le tte r th is m o rn in g .
She w ro te a le tte r th is aftern oon .
4. I lis te n e d to a tape y e s te r d a y .
You lis te n e d t o ’a tape y e s te r d a y aftern oon .
We lis te n e d to a tape y e s te r d a y aftern oon .
T hey lis te n e d to a tape th is aftern oon .
He lis te n e d to a tape la s t night.
She lis te n e d to a tape y e s te r d a y m orn in g.
240
E X P L A N A T I O N A N D . D R I L L O F S T R U C T U R E S
1 . T h e P a s t P r o g r e s s iv e T e n s e
P e r s o n S in g u la r P l u r a l
1 s t I w a s s t u d y in g . W e w e r e s t u d y in g .
2 n d Y o u w e r e s t u d y in g . Y o u w e r e s t u d y in g .
3 r d H e , s h e , i t w a s s t u d y in g . T h e y w e r e s t u d y in g .
R e p e a t .
W h e n w e r e y o u s t u d y in g y o u r le s s o n ?
1. I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 1 o 'c lo c k .
2 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 2 o 'c lo c k .
3. I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 3 o 'c lo c k .
4 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 4 o 'c lo c k .
5 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 5 o 'c lo c k .
6 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 6 o 'c lo c k .
7 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 7 o 'c lo c k .
8. I w a s s tu d y in g m y le s s o n a t 8 o 'c lo c k .
9 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 9 o 'c lo c k .
1 0 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 1 0 o 'c lo c k .
1 1 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 11 o 'c lo c k .
1 2 . I w a s s t u d y in g m y le s s o n a t 1 2 o 'c lo c k .
I M P O R T A N T N O T E : R e m e m b e r ! F o r m o f v e r b B E + I N G — f o r m o f a v e r b
P r e s e n t P a s t
2 . I 'm r e a d in g a b o o k . 2 . I w a s r e a d in g a b o o k .
3 . H e 's w r i t i n g a le t t e r . 3 . H e w a s w r i t i n g a l e t t e r .
4 , S h e 's d r iv i n g a c a r . 4 . S h e w a s d r iv i n g a c a r .
5 . . W e 'r e s t u d y in g o u r le s s o n . 5 . W e w e r e s t u d y in g o u r le s s o n .
6 . Y o u 'r e c u t t in g m y h a i r . 6 . Y o u w e r e c u t t in g m y h a i r .
241
P r o g r e s s iv e V e r b P h r a s e
A f f i r m a t i v e a n d N e g a t iv e s t a t e m e n t s ; A f f i r m a t i v e a n d N e g a t iv e q u e s t io n s .
F o r m o f B E + S P E A K I N G
S t a t e m e n t
P r e s e n t P a s t
A f f i r m a t i v e : I 'm s p e a k in g . I w a s s p e a k in g .
H e 's 8 p e a k in g . H e w a s s p e a k in g .
Y o u 'r e s p e a k in g . Y o u w e r e s p e a k in g .
N e g a t iv e : I 'm n o t s p e a k in g . I w a s n 't s p e a k in g .
H e i s n 't s p e a k in g . H e w a s n 't s p e a k in g .
Y o u a r e n 't s p e a k in g . Y o u w e r e n 't s p e a k in g .
Q u e s t io n
P r e s e n t P a s t
A f f i r m a t i v e : A m I s p e a k in g ? W a s I s p e a k in g ?
Is h e s p e a k in g ? W a s h e s p e a k in g ?
A r e y o u s p e a k in g ? W e r e y o u s p e a k in g ?
N e g a t iv e : x x x x x W a s n 't I s p e a k in g ?
I s n 't h e s p e a k in g ? W a s n 't h e s p e a k in g ?
A r e n 't y o u s p e a k in g ? W e r e n 't y o u s p e a k in g ?
2 . T h e P a s t T e n s e o f A c t io n V e r b s - A f f i r m a t i v e S t a t e m e n t s
a . R e g u la r V e r b s
R e m e m b e r t h a t y o u u s e th e p a s t te n s e f o r m s o f v e r b s in
A f f i r m a t i v e S t a t e m e n t s o n ly .
T h e r e is O n e V e r b F o r m .
T h e r e is O n e E n d in g M - e d . M
P r e s e n t P a s t
T h e s tu d e n ts a r r i v e e a r ly e v e r y d a y . T h e s tu d e n ts a r r i v e d e a r ly y e s t e r d a y .
T h e c la s s s t a r t s a t 7 : 3 0 e v e r y d a y . T h e c la s s s t a r t e d a t 7 ; 3 0 y e s t e r d a y .
T h e s tu d e n ts p r a c t ic e d E n g lis h y e s t e r
T h e s tu d e n ts p r a c t ic e E n g lis h e v e r y d a y .
d a y .
T h e c la s s e n d s a t 8 :1 5 e v e r y d a y .
T h e c la s s e n d e d a t 8 : 15 y e s t e r d a y .
T h e s t u d e n t s h u r r y o u t e v e r y d a y .
T h e s tu d e n t s h u r r i e d o u t y e s t e r d a y .
242
P ro n o u n ce t h e s e p a s t t e n s e endings.
ftf fdf f id /
E v e r y day w e w a it fo r a b u s.
Y e ste r d a y w e w a ited fo r a b u s. /id /
E v e r y day I study m y l e s s o n .
Y e ste r d a y 1 stu d ied m y le s s o n . Id/
E v e r y day the c l a s s en d s la te .
Y e ste r d a y the c l a s s ended la te . / id /
E v e r y day h e le a r n s new w o r d s .
Y e ste r d a y he le a r n e d new w o r d s. Id/
E v e r y day th ey stop o v e r th e r e .
Y e ste r d a y th e y stop p ed o v e r th e r e . ftf
/ t / a fte r v o i c e l e s s en d in g s.
/ d/ a fte r v o ic e d en d in g s and v o w e ls .
The P a s t T e n s e of W ork
P erson Singular P lu r a l
Change to th e P a s t T e n se .
1. I w ant a drink.
Z. He d r iv e s to sch ool.
3. He stu d ie s E n g lish e v e r y day.
4. She lo o k s a t h e r notebook.
5. The te a c h e r o p en s the d oor.
6. T h ey w alk to c l a s s .
7. He a r r i v e s a t s ix o 'c lo c k .
8. T h ey lis t e n to TV.
F i l l in the blanks w ith the c o r r e c t fo r m of the v e r b s in p a r e n th e se s:
P r e s e n t or P a s t T e n se.
2. He (walk) h e r e e v e r y day.
3. I (study) la s t night.
I r r e g u la r V erb s
M e m o r ia e the p a st t e n s e fo r m of I r r e g u la r V erb s.
V erb P a s t T e n se F o r m
have had
see saw
hear h ea rd
sp eak spoke
read read
w r ite w r o te
fly flew
eat a te
d riv e d ro v e
s le e p sle p t
(1) P a s t T e n se of Have
244
M I N U T E a m i n u t e a g o t w o m i n u t e s a g o t h r e e . . . e t c *
H O U R a n h o u r a g o t w o h o u r s a g o
D A Y a d a y a g o t w o d a y s a g o
W E E K a w e e k a g o t w o w e e k s a g o
M O N T H a m o n t h a g o t w o m o n t h s a g o
Y E A R a y e a r a g o t w o y e a r s a g o
P a s t t i m e W e r e a d a b o o k a m o n t h a g o ,
H e h e a r d a c a r f i v e m i n u t e s a g o .
W e s p o k e G e r m a n t e n y e a r s a g o .
( 3 )' S u b s t i t u t e .
1 . I r e a d t h e b o o k a . y e s t e r d a y
> t -----------------------------------------------------------------
*-v b . y e s t e r d a y m o r n i n g
2, Y o u w r o t e a l e t t e r c . y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n
d . l a s t n i g h t 1
3 , H e h e a r d a t r a i n e . t h i s m o r n i n g
f . l a s t w e e k
4 . T h e y s t u d ie d t h e i r l e s s o n g . a n h o u r a g o
h . t h r e e d a y s a g o
3 . T h e P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e / T h e P a s t
A P r o g r e s s i n g A c t i o n A C o m p l e t e d A c t i o n
W e w e r e w a l k i n g t o c l a s s ( w h e n ) I s a w h i m .
1 w a s s t u d y in g ( w h e n ) t h e t e le p h o n e r a n g .
W e w e r e s m o k i n g ( w h e n ) t h e b r e a k e n d e d .
►
( W h i l e ) h e w a s s h a v in g h e c u t h i s f a c e .
( W h ile ) h e w a s s w i m m i n g h e h u r t h i s a n k l e .
*
T h e s t u d e n t s w e r e t a l k i n g ( w h e n ) t h e t e a c h e r c a m e in .
R e m e m b e r t h a t t h e P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e T e n s e i s u s u a L ly n o t u s e d a l o n e . I t d e s c r i b e s
a n a c t i o n w h i c h w a s p r o g r e s s i n g . I t i s u s u a l l y u s e d w i t h a n o t h e r c o m p l e t e d a c t i o n .
P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e P a s t
I w a s r e a d i n g w h e n h e l e f t .
245
* ' 9
11. He (sw im ) w hen I saw h im .
1. He ( t a l k ) w i t h M ary,
%
w h e n M t b , S m i t h c a m e i n .
\
V .
2. T hey , study) two h o u r s la st-n ig h t.
5. We (watch) TV la s t night.
7. He (cut) m y h a ir y e s te r d a y .
8. He (play) b a ll w h en he h u rt h is a n k le.
Supply th e c o r r e c t P a s t or P a s t P r o g r e s s i v e F o r m s o f th e v e r b s in p a r e n th e s e s .
2. He w a s s t i l l (s le e p ) w hen h is fr ie n d s (le a v e ) fo r c l a s s .
TAPE X109A
R e p e a t ,
rea d in g m y tape
studying you r tape
liste n in g to our tape
cutting th e ir tape
speaking
h is tape
h e r tape
N o, he w a s n ’t.
No, sh e w a s n ’t
W ere you read in g? No, I w a sn 't.
W ere w e rea d in g ?
W ere th e y rea d in g ?
one o ’clock sev en o ’c lo c k
W as h e re a d in g ? two O’c l o c k eight o ’c lo c k
W as sh e rea d in g ? rhree o'clock nir* o 'clo ck
Wa s I read in g ? fo u r o'clock o ’c lo c k
f i v e . o 'c lo ck e; ie ven o ’clo ck
s ix o 'c lo c k tw elve o ’c lo c k
248
R e v ie w p r o n u n c ia tio n p r a c t i c e .
E x e r c i s e 1 . Q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
R e p e a ts
1. 4.
2 .
3.
E x e r c is e 2. Q u estion s and a n s w e r s .
R ep ea t.
TAPE 1109B
R e p e a t,
sp eak spoke
read read
w r ite w ro te
lis te n to lis te n e d to a m inu te a g o . tw o m in u te s ago
an hour ago . two h o u rs ago
a day ago tw o d a y s ago
y e s te r d a y a w eek ago tw o w e e k s ago
y e s te r d a y m orn in g a m onth a g o tw o m on th s a g o
y e s te r d a y afternoon a y e a r ago tw o y e a r s ago
E x e r c is e 1. P a s t T e n se F o r m s
R ep ea t,
E x e r c is e 2. P a s t T e n s e fo r m * .
R ep ea t,
3. I w r o te . 1 w r o te a le t t e r l a s t night.
You w r o te . You w r o te a Letter y e s t e r d a y aftern o o n .
We w r o te . We w r o te a le tte r y e s te r d a y .
T h ey w r o te . T hey w r o te a le t t e r th is m o rn in g .
H e w r o te . He w r o te a le t t e r th is m o rn in g .
She w r o te . She w ro te a le t t e r th is a ftern o o n .
E x e r c is e 3. N a m e s o f la n g u a g e s .
R ep ea t.
E n g lish P e r s ia n
French Urdu
G erm an Hindi
C h in ese Italian
S panish P o r tu g u e s e
Jap an ese | G reek
TAPE I109C
How m uch, p le a s e ?
F i l l it.
Y es, p le a s e .
Y e s , we do.
I n eed a g a llo n , p le a s e .
It's g ettin g co ld , isn 't it?
Sure is .
p»
R epeat ev e ry th in g you h e a r .
How m uch p le a s e ?
F ill it.
Y e s, p le a s e .
Y e s , we do.
1 n eed a g a llo n , p le a s e .
I t Ts g ettin g co ld , is n 't it?
Sure is .
252
L is te n and r e p e a t. R ep eat.
Ho f i l l s the c a r e v e r y w e e k .
lis t e n lis te n e d / d / He f ille d the c a r la s t w eek .
rem em ber rem em bered / d /
study stu d ied / d / H e 's h e r e now.
open opened / d / He w a sn 't h e r e th is m o rn in g .
c lo se c lo s e d / d /
f ill f ille d / d / We go to c l a s s on Monday.
prepare p rep a r e d / d / We w ent to tow n on Saturday.
sh ave shaved / d /
liv e liv e d / d / I read m y l e s s o n e v e r y night.
I rea d m y l e s s o n la s t night*
R e p e a t* R ep ea t*
What w a s he buying?
He w a s buying gas*
Was it g ettin g c o ld e r ?
Y e s , it w a s .
253
O U T L I N E AND STUDY O B J E C T I V E S
Do ~ P a s t T e n s e
N eg a tiv e S ta tem en ts
N eg a tiv e Q u estion s
R ev ie w (U nits 616-620)
U n s tr e s s e d A u x ilia r ie s
R ev iew o i / z I and / t, d, id /
254
U N IT 1 1 1 0
R e p e t i t i o n p r a c t i c e
A : D i d y o u r e a d a b o o k l a s t w e e k ?
B : Y e s , I d id ,
A : D i d I w r i t e a l e t t e r t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B : Y e s , y o u d i d .
A : D i d t h e s t u d e n t s t u d y h i s l e s s o n ?
B : Y e s , h e d id ,
A : D i d t h e n u r s e s e e a t r a i n ?
B : Y e s , s h e d id ,
A : D i d w e l i s t e n t o a t a p e l a s t n i g h t ?
B : Y e s , w e d i d .
A : D i d t h e s t u d e n t s w a n t a t a p e t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B : Y e s , t h e y d i d .
A : D i d t h e s t u d e n t s s p e a k E n g l i s h in c l a s s y e s t e r d a y ?
B : Y e s , t h e y d id .
D id n ’t I
w rite a le tte r N o,
th is m o rn in g ? y o u d i d n ’t
I D i d n ’t w e
f D i d n ’t t h e | D i d n ’t t h e I l is te n to
s tu d e n t s tu d y n u rs e see N o, a ta p e
th is l e s s o n ? / C a tra in ? s h e d i d n ’t l a s t n ig h t?
D id n ’t t h e s t u d e n t s I
sp e a k E n g lish \ f No,
in c la s s y e s t e r d a y ? / I t h e y d i d n ’t
R e p e t i t i o n p r a c t i c e
A : D i d n ' t y o u r e a d a b o o k l a s t w e e k ?
B : N o , I d i d n 't ,
A : D i d n ' t I w r i t e a l e t t e r t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B : N o , y o u d i d n 't .
A ; D i d n ' t t h e s t u d e n t s t u d y h i s l e s s o n ?
B : N o , h e d i d n 't .
A : D i d n ' t t h e n u r s e s e e a t r a i n ?
B : N o , s h e d i d n 't .
A : D i d n ' t w e l i s t e n t o a t a p e l a s t n i g h t ?
B : N o , w e d i d n 't .
A : D i d n ' t t h e s t u d e n t s w a n t a t a p e t h i s m o r n i n g ?
B : N o , t h e y d i d n 't .
A ; D i d n ' t t h e s t u d e n t s s p e a k E n g l i s h i n c l a s s y e s t e r d a y ?
B : N o , t h e y d i d n 't .
258
259
260
R e p e titio n p r a c t i c e
A: Did he g e t up at 6 o 'c lo c k t h is m o rn in g ?
B: Y e s , he did.
A: D id he h ave b r e a k fa st at 7 o 'c lo c k th is m o rn in g ?
B: Y ea, h e did.
♦
r e p e t it io n p r a c tic e
A : W h a t t i m e d o e s h e g e t u p e v e r y d a y ?
“ H e g e t s up a t 6 o 'c lo c k .
» «
He h a s b r e a k fa st at 7 o 'c lo c k .
•«
He h a s lunch a t 12 noon*
i
What tim e d o e s he have d in n er e v e r y n igh t?
•*
He h a s d in n er a t 8 o 'c lo c k .
I*
He g o e s to bed a t 12 m id n igh t.
»♦
R ep etition p r a c tic e
1, Did — The P a s t T e n se F o r m of Do
Y e s , he d o e s. Y e s, he DID.
P resen t P a st
P resen t PAST
N o, I don*t. N o, I D ID N 'T .
P resen t Pa 8t
7. No, I didn't.
8* No, you didn't*
9. No, h e didn't.
10. No, she didn't.
11. No, w e didn't.
12. No, they didn't.
Go Go
P a s t T e n s e N eg a tiv e S tatem en t
P a s t T e n se N e g a tiv e Q u estion
c. R e p e a t,
1. Today is Sunday,
2. T om orrow is M onday,
3* Y e ste r d a y w a s S atu rd ay,
4. The day b e fo r e y e s te r d a y w a s F r id a y ,
5. The day a fte r to m o rro w is T u e sd a y .
6. T h is i s W ed n esd ay.
7. T his is T h u rsd a y ,
9. W ere you h e r e on T u e s d a y ?
Y e s, I w a s . I w a s h e r e on T u e sd a y .
No, I w a sn 't. I w a s n ft h e r e on T u e sd a y .
2. L ist of Ir r e g u la r V erb s
T h er e is a la r g e group of co m m o n v e r b s w hich fo rm t h e ir .p a s t t e n s e in s p e c ia l,
ir r e g u la r w a y s. (S ee the l i s t on page 287)
L ea rn to u se the L i s t ,
1. 1 g e t up a t s ix o 'c lo c k . 6. He d r iv e s to town.
2. He w r it e s m any le t t e r s . 7. He b eg in s a new book today.
3. He c o m e s in la te . 8. We e a t Lunch a t one o 'c lo c k .
4. I buy EngLish b ook s. 9. He sp ea k s F r e n c h .
5. I go to the lib r a r y . 10. He know s h e r .
1 . J o h n a t e h is lu n c h i n t h e c a f e t e r ia . 7 . X g o t u p e a r ly .
2 . V e s tu d ie d l a s t n ig h t . 8 . H e w a s r e a d y .
3 . O u r c la s s b e g a n a t e ig h t o 'c lo c k . 9 . I w e n t ho m e a t s e v e n .
4 . V e r e a d th e n e w s p a p e r. 1 0 . I a t e a s a n d w ic h .
5 . H e s p o k e t o m e a b o u t i t . 1 1 . I s le p t l a t e .
6 . W e to o k a s h o w e r. 1 2 . H e b o u g h t a c a r .
C h a n g e t o th e A f f i r m a t i v e Q u e s t io n f o r m .
1 . T h e y w e n t t o a m o v ie . 5 . H e c a m e b y p la n e .
2 . I d r a n k m i l k w i t h m y I p n c h . 6 . H e ca m e e a r ly .
3 . S h e l e f t f o r W a s h in g t o n . 7 . H e w e n t t o t h e h o s p it a l.
4 . S h e h e a r d y o u . 8 . H e w a s s ic k .
i*
C h a n g e t o th e N e g a t iv e Q u e s t io n f o r m .
1 . H e d id n 't c o m e w i t h m e . 6 . H e d id n ’t g e t u p e a r ly .
2 . D id t h e y c o m e e a r ly ? 7 / H e d id n o t g o h o m e w it h
3 . D id M a r y s e e J o h n y e s t e r d a y ? 8 . D id h e ta k e a s h o w e r?
4 . H e d id n 't e a t. 9 . H e d id n o t c u t h is h a i r .
5 . D id th e y g e t a n e w c a r ? 1 0 . D id h e w a lk t o s c h o o l?
R e a d th e f o llo w in g s e n te n c e s . N o t ic e th e u n d e r lin e d v e r b f o r m s .
A : W h e r e d id M r . V e r d i s a y h e w e n t ?
B : H e s a id h e s p e n t th e a f t e r n o o n a t th e G o v e r n o r ^ P a la c e .
A : I k n o w t h e r e is a b e a u t if u l p a t io t h e r e
H o w m u c h d o e s i t c o s t t o g e t in ?
B : J u s t a d im e . O f c o u r s e h e b o u g h t
s o m e p o s t c a r d s t o s e n d h o m e .
H e w r o t e t h e m la s t n ig h t .
A : L e t ' s g o s o m e a f t e r n o o n .
W h a t a b o u t S a t u r d a y ?
B : T h a t w i l l b e a g o o d t im e .
S e e y o u th e n .
A n s w e r t h e s e q u e s t io n s :
1 . W h e r e d id M r . V e r d i s p e n d t h e a f t e r n o o n ?
2 . H o w m u c h d id i t c o s t t o g e t in ?
268
AA * C h a r t p r a c t i c e
F o r m q u e s t i o n s a n d a n s w e r s l i k e t h e s e :
W h e r e w e r e t h e y g o i n g ? — T h e y w e r e g o i n g f o r a w a lk .
D i d t h e y m e e t a f r i e n d ? — Y e s , t h e y m e t a f r i e n d *
r.m
iirrr
269
Go S e ll Teach
W alk Buy E x p la in
M eet
P o in t (out)
(to )
(at )
O pen C a s h (a c h e c k ) Go
C lo s e D e p o s it (m oney) H ave a d a te (with)
Hold O p en /C lo se V is it
T ak e (an a c c o u n t) Study
Go (by ta x i) L ook a t
%
•
270
Get Up
S im p le F o r m s e t . UP
T hird P e r s o n Singular F o r m g e t s up
P r o g r e s s i v e F o r m "ingM g ettin g up
P r o g r e s s i v e V erb P h r a se
P resen t
t h e y ’re
271
P**t
4. Did
P resen t P ast
a r r iv e a r r iv e d
p r a c tic e p r a c tic e d
n eed need ed
lik e liked
u nd erstan d u n d erstood
speak spoke
R em em b er:
TAPE 1110A
R ep ea t.
a book books
a le t t e r le t t e r s
a le s s o n le s s o n s
a tape tape 8
a tra in tr a in s
E x e r c i s e 1. Q u estio n s and a n s w e r s .
1 . D id y o u r e a d a b o o k la s t w e e k ? Y e s , I d id .
2. D id I w r i t e a l e t t e r t h is m o r n in g ? Y e s , y o u d id .
3 . D id th e s tu d e n t s tu d y h is l e s s o n ? Y e s , h e d i d .
4. D id th e n u r s e s e e a t r a i n ? Y e s , B h e d id .
5 . D id w e li s t e n t o a ta p e la s t n ig h t ? Y e s , w e d id .
6 . • D id th e s t u d e n t s w a n t a ta p e t h is m o r n in g ? Y e s , t h e y d i d .
7. D id th e s tu d e n ts s p e a k E n g lis h in c la s s y e s t e r d a y ? Y e s , t h e y d id .
C o n v e r s a t io n p r a c t i c e .
R e c o r d t h e a n s w e r s t o q u e s tio n s 1 t h r o u g h 7 .
1. .
2 . -
3. .
4. .
5. ■
6. .
7. .
E x e r c is e 2. Q u estio n s and a n s w e r s .
R ep eat.
1. D id n 't y o u r e a d a b oo k l a s t w e e k ? N o, I d id n 't.
2. D id n 't I w r it e a le t t e r th is m o r n in g ? N o , y o u d id n 't .
5. D id n 't w e l i s t e n to a ta p e l a s t n ig h t? N o , w e d id n 't .
7. D i d n ' t t h e s t u d e n t s s p e a k E n g l i s h in c l a s s y e s t e r d a y ? N o , t h e y d id n 't
274
TAPE 1110B
Repeat,
b rea k fa st he h a s b rea k fa st
lunch he h a s lunch
dinner he h a s dinner-
he g e ts up
♦ h e g o e s to bed
have b rea k fa st
have lunch
have dinner
he had b r ea k fa st
he had lunch
h e had dinner
get up
go to bed he got up
he w en t to bed
every day
every m orn in g He g e ts up at 6 o 'c lo c k , d o e sn 't h e ?
every afternoon He h a s b r e a k fa st a t 7 o 'c lo c k , d o e sn 't h e?
every evening He h a s lunch a t 12 noon, d o e sn 't h e ?
every night He h a s dinner a;t 6 o 'c lo c k , d o e sn 't h e ?
He g o e s to bed a t m id n igh t, d o e sn 't h e?
e v e r y day at 6 o 'c lo c k
e v e r y day at 7 o 'c lo c k
We don't get up at 6 o 'c lo c k , do w e ?
e v e r y day at 9 o 'c lo c k
We don't h ave b r e a k fa st at 7 o 'c lo c k , do we?
We don't h ave lunch at 12 noon, do w e ?
We don't have dinner at 6 o 'c lo c k , do w e ?
e v e r y day at noon We don't go to bed a t 12 m id n igh t, do w e ?
e v e r y day at m idnight
275
•
J a n u a r y
F e b r u a r y
M a r c h
A p r i l
M a y
J u n e
J u ly
A u g u s t
S e p te m b e r
O c t o b e r
N o v e m b e r
D e c e m b e r
W h a t m o n t h is t h is ? T h i s is F e b r u a r y .
W h a t m o n t h w a s la s t m o n t h ? L a s t m o n t h w a s J a n u a r y .
W h a t is n e x t m o n t h ? N e x fc m o n t h is M a r c h .
R e v ie w p r o n u n c ia t io n p r a c t i c e .
E x e r c i s e 1 . Q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
1 . W h a t t im e d o y o u g e t u p e v e r y d a y ? I g e t u p a t 6 o 'c l o c k .
2 . W h a t t im e d o y o u h a v e b r e a k f a s t e v e r y d a y ? I h a v e b r e a k f a s t a t 7 o ‘c lo c k .
3 . W h a t t im e d o y o u h a v e lu n c h e v e r y d a y ? I h a v e lu n c h a t 1 2 n o o n .
4 . W h a t t im e d o y o u h a v e d in n e r e v e r y n ig h t ? I h a v e d in n e r a t 8 o " c lo c k .
5 . W h a t t im e d o y o u g o t o b e d e v e r y n ig h t ? I g o t o b e d a t 1 2 m id n ig h t .
E x e r c i s e 2 . Q u e s t io n s a n d a n s w e r s .
R e p e a t. %
1 . D id y o u g e t u p a t 6 o ’ c lo c k t h is m o r n in g ? Y e s , I d id .
2 . D id y o u h a v e b r e a k f a s t a t 7 o ’ c lo c k t h is m o r n in g ? N o , 1 d id n 't .
3 . D id y o u h a v e lu n c h a t 1 2 n o o n y e s t e r d a y ? Y e s , I d id .
4 . D id y o u h a v e d in n e r a t 8 o ’ c lo c k la s t n ig h t ? Y e s , I d id .
5 . D id y o u g o t o b e d a t 1 2 m id n ig h t la s t n ig h t ? N o , I d i d n ’t .
276
E x e r c is e 3. Q u estion s and a n s w e r s .
R ep ea t.
#
1, What tim e d o e s he get up e y e r y day? He g e ts up at 6 o 'c lo c k .
E x e r c i s e 4. Q u estio n s and a n s w e r s .
R e p e a t.
1.
2 .
3.
4.
5.
277
TAPE 11IOC
L i s t e n t o a c o n v e r s a t io n a t a s t o r e . L i s t e n t o t h is c o n v e r s a t io n .
— — - -j -----------------
W e r e n 't y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ? M a y I s p e a k t o J a n e ?
N o , I w a s n 't . T h a t w a s m y f r i e n d . * T h is is J a n e . D o n 't e v e r c a l l m e a g a in .
W e a r e b o t h f r o m S a n F r a n c is c o .
P le a s e t a l k t o m e . I 'm s o r r y I w a s la t e .
I 'm s o r r y . I c a n 't t e l l y o u a p a r t .
L a t e , y o u w e r e n 't la t e .
m is t a k e n f o r e a c h o t h e r .
M y f r i e n d g o t s o m e s o a p . I w a s a s le e p .
I w a n t th e s a m e k in d .
W e ll, I w a s n 't .
D o y o u k n o w th e b r a n d ?
I w a n t t o a p o lo g iz e . L e t m e e x p la in .
N o , I d o n 't . T h e c o lo r is g r e e n .
W e ll, e x p la in .
W a s i t t h is o n e ?
I w e n t t o s le e p a n d ...........................
L e t m e s m e ll i t . Y e s , t h is is i t .
P le a s e g iv e m e t w o b a r s . N e x t t im e s t a y a w a k e .
G o o d - b y e .
L i s t e n a n d r e p e a t . R e p e a t .
W e r e n 't y o u h e r e y e s t e r d a y ? M a y I s p e a k t o J a n e ?
N o , I w a s n 't . T h a t w a s m y f r ie n d . T h is is J a n e . D o n 't e v e r c a l l m e a g a in .
W e a r e b o th f r o m S a n F r a n c is c o .
P le a s e t a l k t o m e . I ' m s o r r y I w a s L a te .
I 'm s o r r y . I c a n 't t e l l y o u a p a r t .
L a t e , y o u w e r e n 't la t e .
m is t a k e n f o r e a c h o t h e r * .
M y f r i e n d g o t s o m e s o a p . I w a s a s le e p .
I w a n t th e s a m e k in d .
W e ll, I w a s n 't .
D o y o u k n o w th e b r a n d ?
I w a n t t o a p o lo g iz e . L e t m e e x p la in .
N o , I d o n 't . T h e c o lo r is g r e e n .
W e ll, e x p la in .
W a s i t t h is o n e ?
I w e n t t o s le e p a n d ...........................
L e t m e s m e ll it . Y e s , t h is is i t . * ■»
P le a s e g iv e m e t w o b a r s . N e x t t im e s t a y a w a k e .
G o o d - b y e .
278
D on't s t r e s s A u xiliary v e r b s
R ep ea t.
S t r e s s the / z / sound.
is is is
w as w as w as
does d oes does
h as h as has
S t r e s s the / t , d , or id / ending.
It/ Id/ I id /
G o - W e n t H e ' s a f a e t d r i v e r
H e d r iv e s f a s t .
I g o t o c la s s .
H e g o e s t o c la s s H e ' s a c a r e f u l d r i v e r
H e d r iv e s c a r e f u lly .
I w e n t t o c la s s .
H e w e n t t o c la s s T h is is a h a r d le s s o n
T h a t is h a r d e r .
D id 1 g o t o c l a s s ?
D i d h e g o t o c l a s s ? T h a t is e a s y .
T h a t is e a s ie r
D i d n 't I g o t o c l a s s ?
D i d n 't h e g o t o c l a s s ?
S e e - S a w
I s e e t h e s t u d e n t s .
H e s e e s th e s tu d e n t s .
1 s a w th e s t u d e n t s .
H e s a w t h e s t u d e n ts .
D id 1 s e e t h e s t u d e n t s ?
D id h e s e e th e s tu d e n ts ?
D id n 't 1 s e e th e s t u d e n t s ? .
D i d n 't h e s e e th e s t u d e n t s ?
W r i t e - W r o t e
H e w r i t e s a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y .
H e w r o t e a l e t t e r y e s t e r d a y .
D o e s h e w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y ?
D id h e w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y ?
H e d o e s n 't w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y .
H e d id n 't w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y .
D o e s n 't h e w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y ?
D i d n 't h e w r i t e a l e t t e r e v e r y d a y ?
I 281
APPENDIX
- P a r t P a g e
I T h e E n g lis h A lp h a b e t 2 8 2
I I A m e r ic a n E n g lis h S o u n d s 2 8 3
I I I P r i n c i p a l P a r t s o f C e r t a in I r r e g u l a r V e r b s 2 8 7
I V P a t t e r n s o f I r r e g u l a r V e r b s 2 8 9
V E x a m p le s o f C o n ju g a t io n s 2 9 1
V I F o u r I m p o r t a n t S p e llin g R u le s 2 9 4
V I I L i s t o f C o n t r a c t io n s 2 9 7
282
1. A a a
*
a Cu
2. B b b J 3 -t
3. C c c C
4. D d d s y *I
5. £ e e $ As
6. F t f j *
/
7. G 8 g &
8. H h h # ■
•
9. 1
♦
1
•
I J
♦
10. J J J 9
11. K k k K %
12. L 1 I
13. M m m
*
14. N 71 n *
15. O o o O'
16. P P P
17. Q q Q a
18. R r r
rA y
19. S ■ s J As
20. T t t J it
21. U u u AU
22. V V V IT
23. w w w j r
24. X X X X sp
25. Y r y
T
26. z z
x
2 /
283
P a rt II
w ays. F or this reason it is helpful to a s s ig n sep arate sym b ols to each sound. The
sy ste m . Tw enty-four (24) consonant sy m b o ls, e lev en (11) v o w el sy m b o ls, and three
(3) sym b ols rep resen tin g diphthongs a re u sed to re p r ese n t the sign ifican t sounds of
A m erican E nglish.
T h ese ch arts are only aid s and not to be m e m o r iz e d . H ow ever, the student m u st
CONSONANT CHART
Place of A r t i c u l a t i o n
U* V* u V u V U V u V u V u V u V
Articulation
Nasals /« / •
/n / /Q /
7 8 9
of
Lateral /I/
Glide 10
Ma n ne r
Glides 1*1 /r / /y /
22 23 24
EXAMPLES
8. I n i no, not
m0m • • •
16. I I I is, was 24. l y l ^our, ^ours
286
CONSONANTS
S y m b o ls E x a m p le s
1. P p a s t, sto p , put, p ap er
2. b b ed , b a b y , b a r b e r , lab
3. t ta k e, w a te r , s e n t, ten
S. k c a r , c h e m ic a l, r e c o r d e r , book
6. g g a s , e g g s , dog, c ig a r
7. m a m , m y , n u m b e r, fr o m
9- ri s in g , lo n g , w ro n g , rank
10. 1 w e l l . Laboratory, a lw a y s , le t
11. f f a r m e r ; a f f ir m a t iv e , p h r a s e , laugh
12. V v e r y , g iv e , l i v e , s e v e n
14. 8 the, t h is , t h e s e , w e a th e r , th e r e
•
15. 8 s e e , t h is , l e s s o n , ta p e s
16. Z z e r o , r o s e , b lo w s , d o zen
18. i p le a s u r e , m e a s u r e , u su a l
19. h h a v e , h e , h ow , hot
20. E c h a ir , t e a c h e r , p ic t u r e , M arch
V
21. J ju d g e, b r id g e , p a g e , J u ly
«
22. w w e , w a lk , w is h , a w a y , w hy
23. r r e a d , c o u r s e , f o r , w r ite
VOWEJLS
Symbol» Examples
P a r t H I P R I N C I P A L P A R T S O F C E R T A I N I R R E G U L A R V E R B S
P a s t P a s t
P r e s e n t P a s t P a r t i c i p l e P r e s e n t P a s t P a r t ic i p le
b e a t b e a t b e a te n h a n g h u n g h u n g
b e c o m e b e c a m e b e c o m e h a v e h a d h a d
b e g in b e g a n b e g u n h e a r h e a r d h e a r d
b e n d b e n t b e n t h id e h id h id d e n
b e t b e t b e t h i t h i t h i t
b in d b o u n d b o u n d h o ld h e ld h e ld
b id b id b id h u r t h u r t h u r t
b it e b it b it t e n
b le e d b le d b le d k e e p k e p t k e p t
b lo w b le w b lo w n k n o w k n e w k n o w n
b r e a k b r o k e b r o k e n
b r in g b r o u g h t b r o u g h t la y - la id la id *
b u ild b u i lt b u i l t le a d le d le d
b u r s t b u r s t b u r s t le a v e le f t le f t
b u y b o u g h t b o u g h t le n d le n t le n t
le t le t le t
c a s t c a s t c a s t l i e l a y la in
c a t c h c a u g h t c a u g h t lig h t l i t l i t ( lig h t e d )
c h o o s e c h o s e c h o s e n l o s e lo s t l o s t
c o m e c a m e c o m e
c o s t c o s t c o s t m a k e m a d e m a d e
c r e e p c r e p t c r e p t m e a n m e a n t m e a n t
c u t c u t c u t m e e t m e t m e t
d e a l d e a lt d e a lt
d ig d u g d u g p a y p a id p a id
d o d id d o n e p u t p u t p u t .
d r a w d r e w d r a w n
d r i n k d r a n k d r u n k q u it q u it q u it
d r iv e d r o v e d r iv e n
r e a d r e a d r e a d
e a t a t e e a te n r id e r o d e r id d e n
r in g r a n g r u n g
f a l l f e l l f a lle n r i s e r o s e r i s e n
f e e d fe d f e d r u n r a n r u n
f e e l f e lt f e l t
f ig h t fo u g h t f o u g h t s a y s a id s a id
f in d fo u n d fo u n d s e e s a w s e e n
f le e f le d f le d s e e k 8 o u g h t 8 o u g h t
f l y f le w f lo w n s h a k e s h o o k s h a k e n
f o r g e t f o r g o t f o r g o t t e n 8 e l l s o ld s o ld
f o r g iv e f o r g a v e f o r g iv e n s e n d s e n t s e n t
f r e e z e f r o z e f r o z e n s e t s e t s e t
290
P ast
P resen t P ast P a r tic ip le
sh ed shed shed
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show show ed shown
sh rin k shrank shrunk
shut shut shut
fling sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
s le e p sle p t sle p t
s lid e slid slid
sLit s lit s lit
sp ea k spoke spoken
spend spent spent
sp in spun spun
s p lit s p lit sp lit
sp r e a d sp re a d sp rea d
sp rin g spran g sprung
stand stood stood
s te a l s to le sto le n
stick stuck stu ck
stin g stung stung
str ik e stru ck stru ck
str in g • strung strung ‘
sw ear sw o re sw orn
sw eep sw ept sw ept
sw im sw am sw am
sw ing swung swung
1 . T h r e e P r i n c i p a l P a r t s th e S a m e "
h i t h i t h i t b id b id b id
q u it q u it q u it •
s p l it s p l i t s p l i t h u r t h u r t h u r t
b u r s t b u r s t b u r s t
•
b e t b e t b e t
le t le t le t c o s t c o s t c o s t
s e t s e t s e t
s h e d s h e d s h e d
p u t p u t p u t s p r e a d s p r e a d s p r e a d
c u t c u t c u t •
s h u t s h u t s h u t c a s t c a s t c a s t
«
2 . L a s t T w o P r i n c i p a l P a r t e t h e S a m e
F i n a l C o n s o n a n t Change O n ly
h a v e h a d h a d
m a k e m a d e m a d e
b u ild b u i lt b u i l t
b e n d b e n t b e n t
s p e n d s p e n t s p e n t
s e n d s e n t s e n t
b . V o w e l C h a n g e O n ly
m e e t m e t m e t
r e a d r e a d r e a d
b le e d b le d b le d
f e e d f e d f e d
le a d le d le d
li g h t l i t l i t
s lid e s lid s li d
s i t s a t s a t
s h o o t s h o t s h o t
h o ld * h e ld h e ld
w in w o n w o n
s h in e s h o n e s h o n e
f in d fo u n d fo u n d
w in d w o u n d w o u n d
b in d b o u n d b o u n d
d ig d u g d u g
s t ic k s t u c k s t u c k
s t r i k e s t r u c k s t r u c k
292
c. V ow el Change — A ddition of -»t or ~d
s le e p s le p t sle p t m ean m ea n t m ea n t
k eep kept kept le a v e le ft le ft
creep crep t crept
w eep w ep t w ept f le e fle d fle d
a to ld told
t o il
think thought thought se ll so ld so ld
tea ch taught taught
buy bought bought lo s e lo s t lo s t
catch caught caught
fight fought fought hear heard heard
seek sought sought u n d erstan d u n d ersto o d u n d erstood
a. N o S im ila r ity
be wa 8 b een
go w en t gone
do did done
b* V ow el Change — A ddition o f -n
t<
a r ise arose a r is e n rid e rode ridden
d riv e d rove d riv en r is e rose r is e n
fly flew flown
V ow el Change — No -n
♦
d* F i r s t and T h ird V o w e ls S im ila r
P a r t V E X A M P L E S O F C O N J U G A T I O N S
( T h e s e a r e e x a m p le s o f s t a n d a r d c o n ju g a t io n s . )
V e r b : T o B e ( B e : S im p le F o r m )
P r e s e n t T e n s e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t T e n s e
I a m w e a r e I h a v e b e e n w e h a v e b e e n
y o u a r e y o u a r e y o u h a v e b e e n y o u h a v e b e e n
h e , s h e , i t is t h e y a r e h e h a s b e e n t h e y h a v e b e e n
P a s t T e n s e P a s t P e r f e c t T e n s e
I w a s w e w e r e I h a d b e e n w e h a d b e e n
y o u w e r e y o u w e r e y o u h a d b e e n y o u h a d b e e n
h e w a s t h e y w e r e h e h a d b e e n t h e y h a d b e e n
F u t u r e T e n s e F u t u r e P e r f e c t T e n s e
y o u w i l l b e y o u w i l l b e y o u w i l l h a v e b e e n y o u w i l l h a v e b e e n
h e w i l l b e t h e y w i l l b e h e w i l l h a v e b e e n t h e y w i l l h a v e b e e n
V e r b : T o W a lk ( W a lk ; S im p le F o r m )
P r e s e n t T e n s e P r e s e n t P e r f e c t T e n s e
I w a lk w e w a lk I h a v e w a lk e d w e h a v e w a lk e d
y o u w a lk y o u w a lk y o u h a v e w a lk e d y o u h a v e w a lk e d
h e , s h e , i t w a lk s t h e y w a lk h e h a s w a lk e d t h e y h a v e t a l k e d
P a s t T e n s e P a s t P e r f e c t T e n s e
I w a lk e d w e w a lk e d I h a d w a lk e d w e h a d w a lk e d
y o u w a lk e d y o u w a lk e d y o u h a d w a lk e d y o u h a d w a lk e d
h e w a lk e d t h e y w a lk e d h e h a d w a lk e d t h e y h a d w a lk e d
F u t u r e T e n s e F u t u r e P e r f e c t T e n s e
y o u w i l l w a lk y o u w i l l w a lk y o u w i l l h a v e w a lk e d y o u w i l l h a v e w a lk e d
h e w i l l w a lk t h e y w i l l w a lk h e w i l l h a v e w a lk e d t h e y w i l l h a v e w a lk e d
294
Verb: T o Walk ( P r o g r e s s iv e F o r m )
P r e se n t T ense
I a m w alk in g w e a r e w alk in g
y o u a r e w alk in g you a r e w alk in g
h e , sh e , it i s w alk in g th e y a r e w alking
P a st T ense
I w a s w alk in g w e w e r e w alk in g
you w e r e w alking you w e r e w alk in g
h e w a s w alking th e y w e r e w alk in g
F u tu re T en se
P a s t P e r f e c t T en g e
F u tu re P e r f e c t T e n se
I w i l l (sh all) h ave b e e n w alk in g w e w ill (sh a ll) have b een w alk in g
you w i l l have b e e n w alking you w ill h ave b e e n w alk in g
he w ill h ave b een w alking th e y w ill h ave b e e n w alk in g
Verb: T o S ee ( P a s s iv e V o ice )
P resen t T ense
I a m se e n we are seen
you a r e s e e n you a r e s e e n
h e, sh e , it i s s e e n th ey a r e se e n
P a st Tense.
I w a s s e e n w e w e r e s e e n
y o u w e r e s e e n y o u w e r e s e e n
h e w a s s e e n t h e y w e r e s e e n
F u t u r e T e n s e
I w i l l ( s h a ll) b e s e e n w e w i l l ( s h a ll) b e s e e n
y o u w i l l b e s e e n y o u w i l l b e s e e n
h e w i l l b e s e e n t h e y w i l l b e s e e n
P r e s e n t P e r f e c t T e n s e
I h a v e b e e n s e e n . w e h a v e b e e n s e e n
y o u h a v e b e e n s e e n y o u h a v e b e e n s e e n
h e h a 8 b e e n s e e n t h e y h a v e b e e n s e e n
P a s t P e r f e c t T e n s e
• A
I h a d b e e n s e e n w e h a d b e e n s e e n
y o u h a d b e e n s e e n y o u ^ h a d b e e n s e e n
h e h a d b e e n s e e n t h e y h a d b e e n s e e n
9
F u t u r e P e r f e c t T e n s e
I w i l l ( s h a ll) h a v e b e e n s e e n w e w i l l ( s h a ll) h a v e b e e n s e e n
y o u w i l l h a v e b e e n s e e n y o u w i l l h a v e b e e n s e e n
h e w i l l h a v e b e e n s e e n t h e y w i l l h a v e b e e n s e e n
V e r b : T o B e ( S u b ju n c t iv e M o o d )
P r e s e n t T e n s e
(I*) I b e ( I f ) w e b e
(If) y o u b e ( I f ) y o u b e
(If) h e , s h e , i t b e ( I f ) t h e y b e
Past Tense
( I f ) I w e r e ( I f ) w e w e r e
( I f ) y o u w e r e ( I f ) y o u w e r e
( I f ) h e , s h e , i t w e r e ( I f ) t h e y w e r e