Metabolic Pathways

CONH 2 COO

HYALURONIC ACID DERMATAN BLOOD GROUP ALGINATES O-ANTIGENS STARCH GLYCOGEN + O O COO
P GLYCOPROTEINS SUBSTANCES CH2COO OH
+
N
O O
Ribose -O - P - O - P - O- Adenosine(P)
N
Ribose - O - P - O - P - O -Adenosine + NICOTINATE COO COO

O GANGLIOSIDES PEPTIDO- CH2OH CH2OH N

11 + COO
MUCINS GLYCAN CH OHCHITIN CHONDROITIN PECTIN INULIN CELLULOSE O O NH NH O O O O Ribose- P 2.4.2. N N RP

L Indoleacetate Indoxyl 6.3.5.1 2.7.7.18

2
O O
HO
O (Auxin) NAD( +P) 6.3.1.5 Desamino-NAD Nicotinate- 2.4.2.19
Quinolinate- A
Y AcNH
CHOH
O
COO - 6.3.2.7-10
O
COO - 2.4.1.68
2.4.1.69
1.1.1.132 HO CH3
OH OH OH
1.2.3.7
nucleotide nucleotide
2.4.2.19 R
S
CHOH O
CH2OH
OPC
2.4.99.7 6.3.2.13 HO O OPPU
2.4.1.17
HO OH OPPU CH3
OPPT
2.4.1.29
OH
LACTOSE
OH
HO
+
CH2CH(NH3)COO HO CH 2CH2NH 2 HO CH2CH2NHCOCH 3 CH3O CH 2CH2NHCOCH 3 COO O
A CH3CH NHAC
UDP-
OH
HO HO OPPG
TDP-Rhamnose
OH OH
CH2OH
CH2CHO
NH NH NH NH N
COO
M
C COO- GDP- 2.4.1.21 O
5-Hydroxy- 4.1.1.28
5-Hydroxytryptamine 2.3.1.5 N-Acetyl-serotonin 2.1.1.4
N-Acetyl-5-O-methyl-serotonin Quinolinate A
HO NH NH
UDP-N-Ac-Muramate Iduronate OH
Mannuronate CH3
2.4.1.1 2.4.1.11 HO
etc. 3.2.1.23 Indole- Indole
C CMP-N-Acetyl GDP-Fucose O 2.4.1.21
OH OH 2.7.1.38 acetaldehyde 1.14.16.4
tryptophan (SEROTONIN) (MELATONIN)
T
H neuraminate
HO
CH2OH
O COO 5.1.3.12
CH2OH
O
5.1.3.13 O
OH OPPT OH 4.1.1.43 +
+
COO I
A CHOH
O
COO
2.4.1.16
COO -
4.2.1.47 2.4.1.33
OH ADP- CH2OH GALACTOSE
CH 2COCOO
CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO
CHO
+
CO CH2CH(NH 3)COO
COCH2CH(NH 3)COO
NH2
COO
NH2 OCH OCH C
R AcNH CHOH NH2 NH2
CH2OH OH OPPU O
HO OH HO OPPG CH2OH
O
TDP-4-Oxo- Glucose
O
CH2OH 4.1.99.1 NH
3.5.1.9
NH2
1.14.13.9
OH OH COO COO
3-Hydroxy 1.13.11.6 2-Amino-3-carboxy 4.1.1.45
OH 3.7.1.3
HO 6-deoxyglucose NH
Formylkynurenine Kynurenine 3-Hydroxy 2-Aminomuconate-
I OH 2.7.7.43
3.1.3.29
1.1.1.158 CH2OH
O
NHCOCH 3 GDP-Mannose HO OH OPPU
2.7.1.6
HO
O
Indolepyruvate kynurenine anthranilate muconate semialdehyde 6-semialdehyde A
D HO UDP-N-Ac-
OH OPPU
CH2OH
HO OH HO OH
GDP-Glucose HO 1.13.11.11 COO H H Catechol M
N-Ac-Neuraminate Galactosamine OH
UDP-Glucose
OH OP 2.4.1.22
E MANNOSE I

1.
HO O O + COO
OPPU UDP- 4.2.1.46 1.2.1.32

4.
(Sialate) 2.7.7.13 OH CH2CH(NH 3)COO C-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP NH C C CH CH2OP
Galactose-P

1.
CH2 C CH2CH 2NH2 HOC-CH(OH)CH(OH)CH 2OP
S
COO
1.1.1.22
COO
NHAC Galacturonate N

19
CH2OP CH 1.14.12.1
COO O 2.7.1.7 2.7.7.27 NH CH OH OH NH2
O HO OH HO O P CH 2OH NH 4.2.1.20 N N O
H H NH 2
UDP-N-Ac-
3.1.3.29 5.1.3.7 Mannose-1-P
TDP-Glucose
2.7.7.34 2.7.7.9 5.1.3.2 HO
O
Tryptamine
4.1.1.28
TRYPTOPHAN Indole-3-glycerol-P 1-(o-Carboxy phenylamino)
4.1.1.48
N-(5-P-Ribosyl)
2.4.2.18
Anthranilate
OOC
OOC
2-Amino
O
HO OH Glucosamine
ACNH
OH
4.1.3.20 HO OH OPPU 5.1.3.6 CH 2OP
O 2.7.7.10 COO 1-deoxyribulose-5-P anthranilate
pyruvate OH 2.7.7.12 OH OPPU OC muconate
N-Ac-Mannosamine-6-P UDP-Glucuronate 5.4.2.8
HO OH HO OH
2.7.7.24 CH 2OH
O OH P OCH 2 CH2
HO COO COO COO
COO COO COO
4.1.3.27
OOC CH 2COCOO
A
CH2OH
O
CH2OH
O 4.1.3.20
CH2OH
O
CH2OP
O
HOCH HCOH
C OH OH
CH2 CH2
C
I
HO OH P O OH O-C-COO
Mannose-6-P OP UDP-Galactose O O P O OC-COO
H 2.7.1.60 CH 2OP HO OH H OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH
ACNH 2.4.1.13 4.6.1.3 4.2.1.10 1.1.1.25 2.7.1.71 2.5.1.19 4.6.1.4 5.4.99.5
HO OH OPPU HO OH OP O HO 3-Deoxy-D-arabino- Dehydro- Dehydro- Shikimate Shikimate-3-P Shikimate-5 Chorismate Prephenate D
E
HO OH OH HO OH OH 2.4.1.9 enolpyruvate 3-P
heptulosonate-7-P quinate shikimate
X
NHAC NHCOCH 3 5.4.2.3
N-Ac-Glucosamine-6-P
NHCOCH 3 Glucose-1-P O O
OH CH2COCOO
PEP +
CH2CH(NH3) COO CH2CH(NH3) COO
+
S
N-Ac-Mannosamine UDP-N-Ac-Glucosamine N-Ac-Glucosamine-1-P HO OH OH CH2OH
O CH2COO
CH2COCOO
4.2.1.51
O 5.1.3.14 2.7.7.23
H H OH
2.3.1.
4 NH2
-OOC
O
CH2COO
O
CH2COO
1.3.1.13
S Glucosamine-6-P
COO OH OH OH OH COO
5.3.1.8 HO OH OH OH OH OH
O 5.2.1.2 1.13.11.5 1.13.11.27 2.6.1.5 1.14.16.1 2.6.1.5
OH HOCH 2 C C C CO CH2OH
Fumaryl Maleyl Homogentisate Hydroxyphenyl TYROSINE PHENYLALANINE Phenylpyruvate
E OH H OH OH OP
OH OH H OH
acetoacetate acetoacetate pyruvate 4.3.1.
5
COO -
1.3.1.13 1.3.1.13
S HOCH 2 C C C C HO OH OH HO OH HO OH
Fructose SUCROSE 3.2.1.26 3.2.1.48
GLUCOSE CHOHCH 2NHCH 3 CHOHCH 2NH2 CH2CH2NH2
+
CH2CH(NH3) COO-
H OH H H OH OH OH 4.1
Gulonate
1.1.1.19
Glucuronate
1.13.99.1
Inositol
3.1.3.25
Inositol-P 5.5.1.4
.1.2
5
CH2CH2NH2 CH=CHCOO
C
5.4.2.2 OH OH OH Ubiquinone Cinnamate A
ATP
OH H OH OH OH H OH OH 1.14.16.2
21
OH H OH OH 1.1.1. OH OH OH OH Menaquinone
3.1.1.18 HOCH 2 C
H
C C
H
C
H
CO HOCH 2 C
H
C C
H
CO CO
HOCH 2 C C C C CO 1.1.1.14 H H OH H CH2OP 3.1.3.9 2.7.1.2 Epinephrine 2.1.1.28
Norepinephrine 1.14.17.1
Dopamine 4.1.1.28
Dopa CH2CH(NH3) COO
+ OH
Tyramine 1.14.13.11 T
E
O 2.7.1.1
O O H O HOCH 2 C C C C CH2OH
2.6.1.16 (Adrenaline) (Noradrenaline)
CHOHCH 2NH2 O
Gulonolactone 1.1.3.8 2-Oxogulonolactone ASCORBATE ADP HN
C
OH OH H OH
.1.6
O 1.14.18.1 H2 I I CH=CHCOO
1.10.2.1 2.7
OH H OH OH H OH H Sorbitol .1.4 HO OH CH2 OP 2.1 O C Coumarate
1.10.3.3 α-Tocopherol
1.1.1.45
C COO- CO COO - OH
1.1.1.49 O OCH 3
CH-COO O O
H
Glucose-6-P
HOCH 2 C C CO HOCH 2 C C CO HOCH2 C C CO CO CO CH(OH)COO OH CHOHCH 2OH (Vitamin E) +
H OH H H OH H O 2.7.1.3 P-Glucono Normetepinephrine O NH3 O
OH
O
P 3-Dehydrogulonate
1.1.1.130
2, 3-Dioxogulonate Dehydroascorbate H H OH H 3.1
.1 .17 lactone HO OH OH
OH
OCH 3
.3.4
(Normetadrenaline) OCH 3 Dopaquinone
O NH
I
OH
I
L
E OH H OH H H OH H H POCH2 C C C C COO - NADP +
5.3.1.9
OH
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
1.4
4-OH-3-Methoxy-
OH
Plastoquinone 1.14.18.1
MELANIN THYROXINE LIGNIN Tannins Plant Pigments A
N 5.3.1.8
6-P-Gluconate NADPH
OH OH H OH
HOCH 2 C C C CHO HOCH 2 C C C CHO HOCH 2 C C CO CH 2OH
H H OH
D-mandelate phenylglycol M
T H OH H OH OH H OH OH
HOCH 2 C C C CO CH2OP NADP + CH2OP
I
O L-Xylose 4.1.1.34 D-Arabinose 5.3.1.3 D-Ribulose 2.7.1.47
H H HO O NHCOCH 2NH2
OOC-CH-CH 2COO
O
N
OH OH H 1.1.1.44 NH NH N OOC N N
HNCO C N C
S OH H H OH H OH H
Fructose-1-P 2.2.1.1 POCH2 C C C CO CH2OH H 2C CHO H 2C CHO
HC
CH
C
CH CH H 2N C CH

E HOCH 2 C C C CH2OH HOCH 2 C C CO CH 2OH POCH2 C C CO CH2OH

H H H NADPH
OH OH H
OH OH
OC
NH
HN C
NH
H 2N C
N
RP H2 N
C
N
H 2N C
N
RP H 2N
C N RP E
Fructose-6-P
RP RP RP

S
H OH OH H OH
2.7.1.53
H OH
HOCH 2 C C C CH2OH
5.1.3.1
Glycinamide- 2.1.2.2 Formyl 6.3.5.3 Formyl 6.3.3.1 5-Amino 4.1.1.21 5-Amino-4-imidazole 6.3.2.6 5-Amino-4-imidazole 4.3.2.2 5-Aminoimidazole O S
L-Arabitol L-Xylulose L-Xylulose-5-P H H
ribosyl-P glycinamide-R P glycinamidine-R P imidazole-R P carboxylate-R P (N-succinylcarboxamide)-R P carboxamide-R P C C N
OH OH H H OH H H OH H OH OH OH
Ribitol
POCH2 C C CO CH2OH ATP H2 N
HCO C
CH

HOCH 2 C C C CHO HOCH 2 C C C CH 2OH HOCH 2 C C C CHO OH OH H H 2.7.1.11 NH

O
NH O
2.1.2.3 NH N RP
NH2 H2 N C N O
H H OH 1.1.1.10 OH H OH OH H OH D-Ribulose-5-P POCH 2 C C CHO 3.1.3.11 H2NCONH 2 H 2N COO OC
CO HN C CO C
C C N
Inosine Formylamido-
2.7.1.47 ADP 6.3.4.13 Urea C
CO
OC C C
HN CH HN C CH 3.2.2.
2 3.1.3.
5 imidazole-
L-Arabinose 5.3 Xylitol D-Xylose H H H OH OH OC
N H NH N H NH OC
N NH OC C HC C
OH H H
.1.4
OH OH OH OH HOCH 2 C C C CHO 5.1.3.1
Erythrose-4-P 3.5.3.4 H
3.5.2.5
H
1.7.3.3
H
1.1.1.204
NH NH
1.1.3.22
N NH
2.4.2.1 carboxamide-R P
OH OH OH
H H HO
+ Allantoate Allantoin URATE 1.1.3.22 Xanthine Hypoxanthine 3.5.4.10 O
HOCH 2 C C C CHO HOCH 2 C C CO CH2OH POCH2 C C CO CH OH POCH 2 C C C CO CH2OP CH2(NH3)COOH NH2 C N
2
D-Ribose .1.4
NH2 N
N
HN C
H OH OH H H
L-Ribulose 2.7.1.16 L-Ribulose-5-P
H H
5.3.1.6
H OH OH OH H
2.6 .10 GLYCINE N
N
CH O O O HC
CH NH2 N
C
OOC-CH-CH 2COO
HC C
CH
P
L-Lyxose 5.1.3.4 N N N RP
Fructose-
N N
C C CO CH 2OH CH2OP .1 20 O C
U
POCH 2 4.1.2.- HC NH
O NH2 1.4 1. N N -O P~O P~O P O CH CH
H OH 2.7 2.2.1.2 1. 2 O HC C C N
INOSINE-P
1.1.1 OH H
2. O P O CH2 O
Fumarate Aspartate
.9 HOCH 2 C C CO CH2OH
.1.1
5 D-Xylulose-5-P 1:6-bis-P OOCCH 2NHCH3
O O O N N RP(P) N
HC
C
C
CH (IMP) R
Sarcosine 2.7.4.3
OH H
D-Xylulose
2.7.1.17 OH OH
Glyoxylate
O
OH
4.6.1.1 ATP
OH OH
2.7.4.6
ADP
2.7.4.4 4.3.2.2
N NH RP
Adenylo- 6.3.4.4 O
N
I
P-Ribosyl ADENOSINE-P C
N
1.5.99.2 Cyclic AMP (AMP) succinate 3.1.4.6
HN C CH
H+
H H H amine 1.4.4.2 1.17.4.1 1.1.1.205 OC C
E
H+ PHOTO- H+ POCH 2 C C C CHO
H H H OH
OOCCH 2N(CH3)2 d-ADP Adenine 2.4.2.1
N
H
N RP
H+
2H+ yclic Ph
otophosphoryla SYSTEM lic
n-cyc electr
POCH2 C C C C CO CH2OP 4.1.2.13 Dimethylglycine 2.7.4.6 XANTHOSINE-P S
No (electric cur on
tion l OH OH OH 2.7.7.7 2.4.2.15 3.5.4.
PHOTO-
SYSTEM C
2H+ H+ ren
t)
flo D-Ribose-5-P Sedoheptulose-PP
OH OH OH H
2.1.1.5 2.7.7
.7 DNA 2.7.7.7
d-GTP d-GDP 3 (XMP)
O
II
Ferredoxin H+ 1.1
7.4 Guanine 6.3.4.1 C N
P
w

2.4.2.
*-
HN C
2.2.1.1
+
d-ATP 2.7 d-CTP .1 1 6.3.5.2 CH

H 2e-
2e-
2e H+ OOCCH2N(CH3)3 .7.7 H2 N C C
.
PQ _
Betaine 2.7.4.6 2.7.4.8
N N RP

O PQH2
PQ
PQ
POCH 2CHOHCHO FOLIC ATP 2.7.7.6
RNA 2.7.7.6
GTP GDP
GUANOSINE-P
T
QB 1e- 1e-
Fe-S H+ NADP+ HOCH2COCH2OP
2.2.1.1 3-P-Glyceraldehyde 1.2.1.8 2.1.2.1 ACID 2.7
.7.6 TTP 2.7.4 1.17.4
.1 (GMP)
PQH2 Cyt bf
Dihydroxy- 5.3.1
.1 + C1 .6
O QA 2e- A1
H+
H+
acetone-P Pi 6.3.4.7
2.4.2.14 OHCCH 2N(CH3)3
Betaine POOL NH2
P
S Cyt bc Pi 4.2.1.
20 O O 2.7 TDP
O O C
.1 aldehyde CH
Y
NADPH+H+
Pheophytin Chl.A0 (Glycerone-P) 4.1.2.5 C .7.6 C N
5.3.1
C
NAD+ 2.7
.
C C-CH3
_ 2e- HN CH-CH3
.4.9 HN CH
Y P680 2PQH2
2PQ 2PQ 2.7.1.28 1.1.99.1
CH3
CH3
OC CH 2
HN
OC
C CH3
CH
OC CH 2.1.1.45
HN
OC CH
OC
N
CH
R
N Chl.a
2e-
P700 Pi ADP + H2NCH 2 CHCOO H2NCONHCH 2CHCOO NH
2.4.2.4
N
DP N DP
3.5.4.12 2.7.4.14
DP

I
PC
H+ HOCH2CH2N (CH3) 3 NH
2e- Fe-S 2e- Cyt.f H+ Glyceraldehyde 3-Amino- ß-Ureido Dihydro Thymine THYMIDINE-P d-UMP d-CMP d-CDP
T Mn H+
Ribulose-1,5-bis-P
1.2.1.12 CHOLINE
isobutyrate
3.5.1.6
isobutyrate
3.5.2.2
thymine
1.3.1.2
M
PC PC O O
α

+
α

1.2.1.13
α

H 2.4.2 NH 2
4H+ Pi
1

HOCH2CH(NH3)COO 2. C C
NADH 4.2.1.22 1. CH2 .4 C
a

HN CH
H 2O
H+ H+ H+ ADP 1. HN CH
I
8
N
SERINE 1.17.4.1
β

Translocated protons
E
8

CO2
13
2

H+ CH2
β

OC OC CH OC CH
1

H+ H+ 2.6.1.51
D
CH2OP 4.1.1.11 H2NCONHCH 2CH 2COO NH N H
S H+
H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H2NCH 2CH2COO NH
Carbamoyl Dihydro- CDP
3

3.5.1.6 3.5.2.2 1.3.1.2 3.5.4.1

3

O
H+ γ ATP Fixation POCH 2CHOHCOOP 1.4.1.7
ß-Alanine Uracil Cytosine
I O2 Protons from Water H+ H+ H+
1:3-bis-P-Glycerate ß-alanine uracil NH 2
I
H+

εε

H+
2.7.6.1 O
2

H+ H+ HOCH2COCOO
c

H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+
2

H+ β2 -OOC C
CH 2.7.4.6
OP O P O O O
α

N
O C
α

S H+ H+
Hydroxy- 3.1.3.3
NH2 CH2 C C C
CH C HN CH N

ATP
THYLAKOID LUMEN CH2 HN CH
3

OH OH CH HN CH
ATP HN HN OC
α

2.4.2.9
H+

THYLAKOID MEMBRANE P-Ribosyl-PP pyruvate OC

N
CH-COO
OC CH-COO OC C-COO OC C-COO OC N CH
OC
N
CH N
E
RPPP
β

+ N
ATP synthase
e ADP H NH NH RP RP RPPP
ADP 6.3.4.2
S
P OCH2CH(NH3)COO
STROMA 3.6.1.34 Phospho- Carbamoyl Dihydro Orotate Orotidine-P Uridine-P UDP URIDINE- CYTIDINE-
3.5.2.3 4.1.1.23 (UMP) 2.7.4.4
CHLOROPLAST OUTER MEMBRANE 2.7.2.3 serine aspartate orotate 1.3.1.14 2.4.2.10 2.7.4.6 triphosphate triphosphate
1.1.1.29 (UTP) (CTP)
COO
HO HO
COO ATP 2.6.1.52
2.6.1.22
NH2 NH2
COO H H H H H H H H H H CONH 2
+ C N OC N N H H
P OCH2 C N C P OCH 2 NH C NH C
γ-Linolenate
1.14.99.25 C C C C C C C P OCH 2 C C CO CH2
Linoleate Arachidonate 1.13.11.34 Leukotriene B4 OH
POCH2CHOH COO
1.1.1.95
P OCH2COCOO CH CH CH
P OCH 2 C C C CH
COO 5. O
3-P-Glycerate P-Hydroxy- OH OH HC
N
C
N OH OH HC
N
C
N OH OH HC
N
C
N
1.1 3.99 COO O O RP OH OH HN N
1.3.1.35 4.9 .3
COO pyruvate 3.6.1.31
RP(PP)
3.5.4.19
RP
C
9.1 2.4.2.17
P-Ribosyl-ATP P-Ribosyl-AMP P-Ribosylformimino P-Ribulosylformimino Imidazole H
L COSCoA O
CO-S-ACP
HO OH 5.3.99.5
HO
OH 2.7.1.31 5-aminoimidazole- 5.3.1.16 5-aminoimidazole- glycerol-P
I Oleoyl-CoA Palmitoleoyl-ACP Prostaglandin PGE 2 Thromboxane B2 POCH2CH(OP) COO
HC C CH 2CHCOO
+ carboxamide-R P +
carboxamide-R P+
HOCH2CH(OH) COO + HC C CH2COCH 2OP
1.14.99.5 2, 3-Diphospho- 5.4.2.1 N NH NHCOCH 2CH2NH2 HC C CH2CH(NH 3)COO HC C HC C CH 2CH(NH 3)CH2OH HC C CH2CH(NH 3)CH2OP
P
CH2CH(NH 3)CHO 4.2.1.19
COSCoA CH3(CH2)14CH=CHCOS-CoA CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CH 2COS
COS-CoA CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA
glycerate Glycerate C
H Carnosine N NH
N NH N NH N NH
N NH
C
I Stearoyl-CoA Dehydrostearoyl-CoA OH-Stearoyl-CoA Oxostearoyl-CoA CH 3COO
CH
CH CH CH H
CH3(CH2)14COCH 2COS-CoA
HISTIDINE Histidinal Histidinol Histidinol-P Imidazole
D Endoplasmic Reticulum ACETATE 4.1.1.22 1.1.1.23 1.1.1.23 3.1.3.15 2.6.1.9
acetol-P
CH3(CH2)14COS-ACP CH 3(CH2)14COSCoA HOCH2CH(O P)COO HC C CH2CH2NH2
4.3.1.3
Chain elongation Mitochondrial
Palmitoyl-ACP Palmitoyl-CoA 2-P-Glycerate OOC CHCH 2CH2COO OC CHCH 2CH2COO CH C CH CHCOO
B CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOS-CoA CH 3(CH2)n CH(OH)CH 2COSACP CH 3(CH2)n COCH 2COSACP
1.2.1.4
N
C
NH
HN NH N NH N NH 4.3.1.3
I 1.3.1.9 4.2.1.60 1.1.1.100
H HISTAMINE CH
3.5.2.7 CH
4.2.1.49 CH
ACYL-ACP 2, 3-Enoyl-ACP 4.2.1.61
3-OH-Acyl-ACP 3-Oxoacyl-ACP Formimino Imidazolone Urocanate
O 1.3.1.10 2.3.1.41
4.2.1.11
CH3CH 2OH
ETHANOL 2.3
glutamate propionate
S CH3(CH2)5CH=CHCH 2COSACP
4.2.1.
2.1.3.2 .1.3
0
CH3(CH2)6CH2CH 2COSACP 3, 4-Decenoyl-ACP 60 CH3(CH2)6CH(OH)CH 2COSACP 1.1.1.100 CH 3(CH2)6COCH 2COSACP +
Y Decanoyl-ACP 1.3.1. 3-OH-Decanoyl-ACP 3-Oxo-Decanoyl-ACP 1.1.1.1
CH2CO-OCH2CH(NH 3)COO
HS HSO - Phosphoadenylyl- Adenylylsulphate 2-
SO 4
9 CH3(CH2)6CH=CHCOSACP Acetylserine
N 2, 3-Decenoyl-ACP 4.2.1
.60 2.3.1.41 CH2=C(OP ) COO +
1.8.99.1 1.8.99.2
sulphate 2.7.1.25 (APS) 2.7.7.4

T
CH3CHO (PAPS)
S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO 4.2
CH 3(CH2)2CH 2CH2COSACP CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCO-S-ACP CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSACP
1.1.1.100
CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSACP P-enolpyruvate Acetaldehyde + .99 +
+
CH2CH(NH 3)COO +
H Hexanoyl-ACP
1.3.1.9
2, 3-Hexenoyl-ACP
4.2.1.59
3-OH-Hexanoyl-ACP 3-Oxo-Hexanoyl-ACP
HS
S-CH 2CH(NH 3)COO .8 HSCH 2CH(NH 3)COO
4.4.1.1
+
SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO 4.2.1.22
+
HSCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
2.1.1.13
CH 3 SCH CH CH(NH )COO
2 2 3
1.2.1.32
E CH3CH=CHCO.S-ACP 2.3.1.41 CYSTINE 1.6.4.1 CYSTEINE
4.2.99.9
Cystathionine 4.4.1.8
Homocysteine 2.1.1.14
METHIONINE
S CH3CH2CH2COSACP
1.3.1.9
CH3CH=CHCO-S-ACP
4.2.1.58
CH3CH(OH)CH 2COS-ACP
1.1.1.100
CH3COCH 2COSACP ADP .1.1 1.13.11.20 Adenosyl
4.1 4.4.1.15 3.3.1.1 2.5.1.6
I Butanoyl-ACP Crotonoyl-ACP 3-OH-Butanoyl-ACP
CH2OH CH2OH
Acetoacetyl-ACP HOOCCH 2CO-S-ACP
Malonyl-ACP 2.7.1.40 Glutamate
Adenosyl
+ +
CH 3 SCH CH CH(NH )COO
S SCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO + 2 2
+ + 3
R-CH2COO 1.1.1.8 HO 2SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO HO3SCH 2CH(NH 3)COO
2.3.1.41 S-Adenosyl S-Adenosyl
ATP
HOCH HOCH
4.4.1.15 HSO3- Cysteine Cysteate 2.1.1.10
CH3(CH2)n+2COS-CoA
6.2.1.3 3.1.2.20 FATTY ACID CH2OH CH2O P
2.3.1.39 .1.2 sulphinate 4.1 6.3.2 homocysteine 2.1.1.20 methionine
ACYL-CoA Glycerol
2.7.1.30
3-P-Glycerol KETONE BODIES
3.7 HO2SCH 2COCOO .1.2
9
.2 +
CH2SH (SAM)
(Cytosol) 3-Sulphinyl OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCOO
PYRUVATE
2.3.1.15 2.3.1.51 CH3COCH 3 CH3CH(OH)CH 2COO
HOOCCH 2CO-SCoA 1.4.1.1 + pyruvate HO2SCH 2CH2NH2
1.8.1.3
HO3SCH 2CH2NH2 γ-Glutamylcysteine
2.3.1.7
CH2O-CO-R Acetone 3-OH-Butyrate Malonyl-Co-A 1.2.4.1
2.6.1.2 CH3CH(NH3)COO Hypotaurine Taurine Glycine
Carnitine 3.1.1.3 CH2O-CO-R CH2O-CO-R
2.7.8.5 2.3.1.12 ALANINE 4.1.2.5
4.1.1.29
+ 6.3.2 +
CH2SH

L
R’-CO-OCH 1.8.1.4 OOCCH2CH2COOCH2CH2CH(NH 3)COO .3 OOCCH(NH 3)CH2CH2CONHCHCONHCH 2COO
R’-CO-OCH 4.1.1.4 1.1.1.30 4.1.3.
O-Acyl-carnitine R’-CO-OCH
CH 3CO-S-ACP 4.1.1.9 18 Succinylhomoserine
CH2O-CO-R"
4.1.1.12 Glutathione
I Triacylglycerol Diacyl
CH2OH CH2O P CH3COCH 2COO
Acetoacetate
Acetyl-ACP 1.1 +
CH3CH(OH)CH(NH 3)COO + + Bile Acids
P O-Acyl-carnitine FAT 2.3.1.20 glycerol 3.1.3.4 2.7.1.107
Phosphatidate .1.2
7
2.6.1.18 POCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO HOCH 2CH2CH(NH 3)COO
3.1.2.11 2.3.1.38 O-Phospho- 2.7.1.39Homoserine
THREONINE HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2COCOO
I 3.1.1.28 CH3COCOO- CH3CH(OH)COO
4.2.99.2
homoserine
2.3.1.46 HCHO
4.1.2.12
Oxopantoate
D CH3(CH2)n CH2CH2COSCoA PYRUVATE LACTATE OHCCH 2COO-
4.1.3.
18 CH3 CH3
+
ACYL-CoA CH3(CH2)n CH=CHCOSCoA CH3(CH n CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA CH3(CH2)n COCH 2COSCoA 4.
2. Malonic
COO
1.1.1.3
C (OH)CH(OH)COO
CH3
CHCOCOO
CHCH(NH 3)COO 1.1.1.169
(Mitochondria) 1.3.99.3
2, 3-Enoyl-CoA 4.2.1.17
3-OH-Acyl-CoA 1.1.1.35
3-Oxoacyl-CoA 2.3.1. NAD HOH 1. 4.2.1.16 CH3
D CH3(CH2)2COCH 2COSCoA
16
ATP 1.2.4.1
GDP
52 semi- CH3COC(OH)CH 3
2-Acetolactate
1.1.1.86
CH3
2-3-Dihydroxy 4.2.1.9 2-Oxo- 1.4.1.8 VALINE
CH3 2.6.1.32
HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)COO

E
CH3(CH2)2CH2CH2COSCoA
1.3.99.3
CH3(CH2)2CH=CHCOSCoA
4.2.1.17
CH3(CH2)2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA 1.1.1.35
2.3.1.
2.3.1.12
1.2.1.18 aldehyde Pantoate
Hexanoyl-CoA 2, 3-Hexenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Hexanoyl-CoA 3-Oxohexanoyl-CoA 16 CO2 3.1.3.43
CO2
CH3CH2COCOO isovalerate isovalerate ß-Alanine
G 4.1.1.32
Oxobutyrate 3.5.1.22
6.4.1.1 CH3 CH3 CH3
1.2.1.25 6.3.2.1
CH3CH2CH2COSCoA CH3CH=CHCOSCoA CH3CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA CH3COCH 2COSCoA 2.3.1.9 CH3
R Butanoyl-CoA
1.3.99.2
Crotonoyl-CoA
4.2.1.55
3-OH-Butanoyl-CoA
1.1.1.157
Acetoacetyl-CoA NADH+H+ HOCH 2CHCOO HOCH 2CHCOS-CoA- CH2 = CCOSCoA CH3CHCO-SCoA HOCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CO NHCH 2CH2COO
GTP 3.1.2.4
3-Hydroxy- 4.2.1.17 Methyl 1.3.99.3 Isobutyryl-CoA
A Odd C Fatty acids CH3COSCoA
CH3
4.1
.3.1
8
3-Hydroxy- PANTOTHENATE
D CH 3CH2CH 2CH2COSCoA CH3CH2CH=CHCOSCoA CH3CH2CH(OH)CH 2COSCoA CH3CH2COCH 2COSCoA
4.1.3.5 ACETYL-CoA 31 isobutyrate Isobutyryl-CoA acrylyl-CoA
Pentanoyl-CoA Pentenoyl-CoA 3-OH-Pentanoyl-CoA
1.1.1.35
3-Oxopentanoyl-CoA NAD+ OHCCHCOO 1.1.1. 2.7.1.33
A .1.44
Methylmalonyl
CH3 CH3
CH 3
+
T 2.6.1.4 2.6 semialdehyde COO
CHCH(NH 3)COO P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2COO
C(OH)CH(OH)COO CHCOCOO
CH3CH2 4-P-Pantothenate
I CH2O-CO-R CH 2O-CO-R CH 2O-CO-R OHCCOO 4.1.3.5 4.1.3.4
1.1.1.39 CH3COC(OH)CH 2CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2 2.6.1.32 Cysteine
OH OH 2.7.7.41 Glyoxylate 2-Aceto-2- 2:3-Di-OH-
4.2.1.9
2-Oxo-3-methyl 6.3.2.5
O R'-CO-OCH O R'-CO-OCH O COO
+
R'-CO-OCH O
CH2COO
-OOCCOCH COO-
2 2.3.1.
16
hydroxy- 1.1.1.86 3-methylvalerate
ISOLEUCINE COO
CH 2O PO CH 2CHNH 3
NADH+H+ OXALOACETATE 2.6.1.1 valerate
N CH2O-PO 1.3.99.7
- Serine
CH2O POCMP 1.1.1.79
1.2.3.5
CH3C(OH)CH 2COSCoA
butyrate
P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCHCH 2SH
4-P-Pantothenylcysteine
O - HO OH O
2.7.8.8
O
ß-OH-ß-Methyl- 4.1.3.7
CH2COO-
PHOSPHATIDYL CDP-diacyl HOCH 2COO 4.2.1.
18 NAD+ CH3 CH 3 CH3 CH 3 1.2.1.25
OH
Inositol Glycolate glutaryl-CoA 4.1.3.8 C(OH)COO- CH3COCHCOSCoA CH3CH(OH)CHCOSCoA CH3CH=CHCOSCoA CH3CH 2CHCOSCoA 4.1.1.36
SERINE 2.7.8.11 glycerol CH2COO-
Phosphatidyl 2-Methylaceto-1.1.1.35 2-Methyl-3-4.2.1.17Tiglyl-CoA 2 Methylbutyryl-
inositol CH2O-CO-R
1.2.1.21 HOOC-COOH CITRATE acetyl-CoA hydroxy- 1.3.99.3
CoA P OCH 2C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH 2SH
CH2O-CO-R CH 2O-CO-R’ Oxalate 1.1.1.34
FMN I 4.1.3.2
R'-CO-OCH O O HCO-CO-R R'-CO-OCH O 2.7.8.5 HOCH 2CHO
I -OOCCHO 4.2.1.3
CH 3CH2COSCoA
butyryl-CoA 4-P-Pantetheine
P CH 2O-CO-R
4.1.1.65 CH2 O-POCH 2CH(OH)CH 2 O-P-OCH 2 CH2O-PO CH 2CHOHCH 2OH Glycol Glyoxylate CH(OH)COO- Propanoyl-CoA 2.7.7.3
- - O- aldehyde CH2COO Cycle CHCOO-
H O
1.6.5.3

R'-CO-OCH O 1.1.1.37 2.1.3.1 6.4.1.3 +

O COOH COOH
Cardiolipin Phosphatidylglycerol CH3C(OH)CH 2CHO CH2COO-
C (CH3)2CHCH 2 CH(NH 3)COO
+ FMNH2 4.1.1.41
O CH 2O P OCH 2CH2 NH 3
-
+ +
1.4.3.8 Mevaldate ISOCITRATE 5.1.99.1
(CH3)2CHC(OH)CH 2COO (CH3)2CHCHCH(OH)COO (CH3)2CHCH 2COCOO 2.6.1.6
LEUCINE
ADP- OCH2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH2CO NHCH 2CH2SH
Dephospho-Coenzyme A
CPP- OCH 2CH2 NH3 POCH2CH2 NH3 + 2-Isopropyl- 3-Isopropyl- 1.1.1.85 Oxoleucine
S
O +
2.7.8.1 CDP-Ethanolamine 2.7.7.14
Ethanolamine-P 2.7.1.82 HOCH 2CH 2NH 3 2H 4.1.3.1 4.2.1.33 1.4.1.9
Phosphatidyl 1.1.1.32 1.1.1.41 CH3 malate malate 2.7.1.24
P CH2OH Ethanolamine 2Fe -S CH3CH(OH)CH2CO.SCoA
ethanolamine (5 Clusters) MALATE OOC-CH-COSCoA
4.2.1.18
CH3 CH3 1.2.1.25
H
CH2O-CO-R
CEPHALIN
HOCH O CH3COCH 2CH2N(CH3 )3 Methylmalonyl-CoA OOCCH 2C = CHCOSCoA CH3C = CHCOSCoA (CH3)2CHCH 2COSCoA P-ADP- OCH 2 C(CH 3)2CH(OH)CONHCH 2CH 2CO NHCH 2CH2SH
A
+ -OOCCOCH CH COO-
4H+
4.1.1.71
4H+
HOCH O CH COO 2 2 6.4.1.4 1.3.99.10
O + CH2OPO CH2CH 2N(CH 3) Acetylcholine CH C(OH)CH
2
2-OXO- 3-Methyl- 3-Methyl- Isovaleryl-CoA Coenzyme A
CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 - O
Glycerophosphocholine 3.1 3 2 CH2OH 1.6. 5.3 ASPARTATE 2.7.2 4.2.1.18
glutaconyl-CoA crotonyl-CoA M
L CH2OCH=CHR
2.1.1.17
2.1.1.71 O - Lysolecithin 3.1.1.5 .4.2 Mevalonate 2H+ 4.2.1.2 GLUTARATE .4
1.1.1.3
I R-CO-OCH O
CH 2 O-CO-R
3.1.1.32
3.1.4.4 2.3.1.6 or 1.2.4.2
2.3.1.61
I
2.7.1.36
2H+ -
O +
N
+ R'-CO-OCH 3.1.4.3
+ P OOCCH 2CH(NH3)COO
2.7.4.2 OOCCH=CHCOO-
P CH2OPO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3
-
CH2OPOCH2CH2N(CH 3)3 + + +
FUMARATE
4.3.1.1
Aspartyl-P H H2
+
NH3
- O
OOCCH 2CH2CONH
O O CPP-O CH2CH2N(CH 3)3 OCH 2CH2 N(CH 3)3 HOCH 2CH2N(CH 3)3 1.2 C C
I Choline LECITHIN CDP-choline 2.7.7.15
Choline-P CHOLINE CH2COO UQH2 6.3.5.4 .1.1
1 +
HC CH 2
CH-COO
H 2C CH2 OOCCH 2CH2CONH OOCCHCH 2CH2CH 2CH-COO
+
OOCCH-CH 2CH2CH2CHCOO
+
plasmalogen 1.3.1.35 2.7.8.2 2.7.1.32 OOCC OOCC CH-COO
D 2.7.8
.3
3.1.4.12 CH3C(OH)CH 2CH2OPP FADH2 +
-OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA 5.1.99.1 OHCCH 2CH (NH3)COO N N OOCCOCH 2CH2CH2CH-COO NH3 NH 3

S Serine +NH +
NH 3
+
NH 3
+
NH 3 Diphospho- Fe-S 1.3.5.1 SUCCINYL-CoA 5.4.99.2 OOCCH 2CH2CHO Aspartyl 4.2.1.52 2, 3-Dihydro-1.3.1.26 Piperideine- N-Succinyl- 2.6.1.17 N-Succinyl-2, 6 3.5.1.18 Diamino- A
2.3.1.50 3
mevalonate 6.2.1.4 1.2.1.16
Succinic Semialdehyde dipicolinate 2, 6-dicarboxylate 2-amino-6-oxo- diaminopimelate pimelate C
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose
CH 3(CH2)14COCHCH 2OH CH3(CH2)14CH(OH)CHCH 2OH
semialdehyde pimelate
Dehydrosphinganin
1.1.1.102
Sphinganin 4-Sphingenin Psychosine Cyt.b FAD
-OOCCH2CH2COO-
SUCCINATE
OH
+ + + + + + 5.1.1
.7 I
Gangliosides UDP-Sugars Acyl-CoA
2.4.1.23 UQ II Glycine (CH3)3NCH2CH(OH)CH 2COO (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO (CH3)3N(CH 2)3 CH2CH(NH 3)COO H2N(CH 2)4 CH(NH 3)COO
4.1.1.
20
D
3.5.1.23 Acyl-CoA 4.1.1.33 + Carnitine N6-Trimethyl- N6-Trimethyllysine LYSINE
2.4.1.62
UDP-Galactose UQH2 2H+
2.3.1.37 H2NOCCH 2CH (NH3 COO
1.14.11.1
3-OH-lysine
1.14.11.8
1.5.1.7 - 10
S
+
NHAcyl O
NHCOR
NHCOR Asparagine 2.6.1.19 COO
CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O PO CH2CH2N(CH 3)3
O - CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2OH CH3(CH2)12CH=CHCH(OH)CHCH 2O- Galactose CH2 5-Amino- +
NH CHCH 2CH2COO
+ +
SPHINGOMYELIN
2.7.8.3
Ceramide Cerebroside levulinate OOCCH 2CH 2CH2COSCoA OOCCH 2CH2CH2COCOO OOCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO OHCCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH 3) COO CH 2CH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
3.1.4.12 3.2.1.46 2.4.1.47
CH3C-CH2CH2OPP
2UQH2 UQH2 1.3.99.7
1.3.99.7 Isopentenyl-PP 1.10.2.2 + 4.1.1.70
Glutaryl-CoA 2-Oxoadipate 2.6.1.39
2-Aminoadipate 1.2.1.31 2-Aminoadipate 1.5.1.9
Saccharopine
CH3
(C5) 4H+
R-CH(NH3) COO
OOCCH 2CH2CH2NH2 semialdehyde
I CH3C = CHCH 2OPP
2e- 2UQ_ 2H+ 2-AMINO ACID 4-Aminobutyrate Adenosyl
Lycopene (C40) Phytoene Dimethylallyl-PP . (GABA)
S
CH3-SCH 2CH2CHNH 2
(C40)
III 1e- _ R-CO-COO H2N(CH 2)3NH(CH2)4NH (CH2)3NH2 +
(C5) 2.5.1.1 2e- UQ. 2-OXO ACID Spermine S-Adenosylmethyl
TRA

To Brain - VISION
O hv CH 3 CH3 Fe-S +
OOCCH 2CH 2CH (NH3) COO 1.
1.
15
thiopropylamine LEGEND
1e- 2.6.1.- 4.
P
NS

ß-CAROTENE (C40) 2.5.1.32 2.5.1.29 (Decarboxylated SAM)

CH3C= CHCH 2 CH2C= CHCH 2OPP Cyt.bL Cyt.bH MI
GLUTAMATE
A

NA
R Metarhodopsin Rhodopsin O
CH2OPP Geranyl-PP TIO N 2.7.2.
11 POOCCH CH CH(NH ) COO
+
2.5.1.22 Carbohydrates Amino Acids
E 1.13.11.21 CH3O CH3
Geranyl-geranyl-PP (C10) Cyt.c1 2 2 3 H2N(CH 2)4NH (CH2)3NH2
Biosynthesis Biosynthesis
COO- Opsin (C20) Glutamyl-P Spermidine Degradation Degradation
N
CH3O n
2UQ UQ
Retinoate
O Ubiquinone 2.5.1.10 1.10.2.2
O 1.2.1.36
CHO (Coenzyme Q) OPP Cyt.c 1.4.1.2 1.4.1.14 3.5.1.2
6.3.1.2 1.2.1.41
Lipids Purines &
I trans-Retinal 5.2.1.3
11-cis-Retinal CHO Menaquinone CH2OH CH2 2.5.1.16 Biosynthesis Pyrimidines
D
Light Phytol (C20) or ting ATP NO3- NH4+ + Degradation Biosynthesis
1.1.1.105 nsp 3.6.1.34 synt H2NOCCH 2CH2CH (NH3) COO + H2NCH2CH2CH2CH2NH2
Retinol esters 1.1.1.105 Plastoquinone CuA CuA +-
tra h 1.6.6.1 Glutamine OHCCH 2CH 2CH(NH3) COO
Putrescine Degradation
S CH3
Farnesyl-PP oscp 1.7.99.4 .7.1
1.7 .6.4 ATP Glutamic
as

O
H

HO CH 3 1.6 .1
e

2.3.1.76 CH2OH CH 3 O (C15)

2H+ NO2- .6 CO2 semialdehyde Vitamins Co-enzymes & Hormones
3.1.1.21 CH2OH Heme a 18 6.3.4.16
S
CH3 1. CH3COCOO OHCCOO Biosynthesis Degradation
5.2.1.7 O 6.3.5.5 CH2 CH2
11-cis-Retinol Phylloquinone
5

trans-Retinol α-Tocopherol F1 Pyruvate Glyoxylate

5.

2.5.1.21 δ
3.

T (Vitamin A) Dark (Vitamin K) (Vitamin E) N2

6.

CH CHCOO
F6 H2NCOOP 2.6.1.13 Pentose Phosphate Pathway
E STEROIDS 2H+ CuB Heme a3 Carbamoyl-P +
H 2NCONHCH 2CH2CH2CH(NH3) COO
N
Pyrroline-5-
2H + ATP
R 2
β ATP CITRULLINE carboxylate
4.1.3.16
Photosynthesis Dark Reactions
O 2e- γ 3 OOCCH(OH)CH 2COCOO
Progesterone β 4.1.1.17
AD

β 2.1.3.3
I
H
AαT 1.5.99.8 4-Hydroxy-
P

H H 1.9.3.1
HO HO HO P +1 P i CH2 CH2 Human Metabolism is identified as far possible by black arrows
HO
Pi α 1.5.1.2 2-oxoglutarate
D IV ADP +
H
1/ O 2.1.3.3 Biosynthesis Degradation
Pregnenolone CHOLESTEROL Desmosterol Zymosterol
H
Lanosterol 5.4.99.7
Squalene 2 2 H+ + CH2 CHCOO
H+ H2NCH2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO
S 1.14.99.7 (C30) H+
H+
β
F1 ORNITHINE
NH
2.6.1.23 COMPARTMENTATION
HEMOGLOBIN CHLOROPHYLL H+
γ 6.3.4.5
PROLINE
COO-
COO-
H 2O 1.14.11.2
+
OOCCH(OH)CH 2CH(NH 3)COO
The "Backbone" of metabolism involves

P ε
COO- H2NCONH 2 OOCCHCH 2COO GLYCOLYSIS in the CYTOPLASM,
CH2 CH2 CH2
COO- COO- δ F0 4-Hydroxy-
CH2
COO- CH2 2.1.4.1 UREA N + HOCH CH2
the TCA CYCLE (mainly) in the Mitochondrial matrix
O
CH3
CH H CH
CH H2 CH3 CH CH2 H2 CH3 H+ H2NCNHCH 2CH 2CH2CH(NH3) COO glutamate and ATP FORMATION spanning the
TRA N S L O

2 CH2 -OOC CH2 H CH2 CH2

C C C 2 CH2 a +
H+ Glycine + Arginino- H2C CHCOO
R 3.5.3.1
C H+ 3.5.3.6 MITOCHONDRIAL INNER MEMBRANE
H3 C CH H3 C CH H2NCH2C=O H+
N N
H3 C CH2
H 2C CH2
5-Amino- α
H+
s NH2 NO succinate
N
H 1.5.1.12
HOCH CH2
N N N N nit
P H H H H N
H H
N
COOlevulinate
10 c-sucb-u + 1.14.13.39 HC CHCOO
An electron flow (an electric current) generated from
NADH and UQH2 drives the translocation of protons
HYDROXY
HC Fe CH H2 C CH2 H2 C CH2 - H2NCNHCH 2CH2CH2CH (NH3) COO N
H H H H H H 2C CH2 AT
ARGININE 3-Hydroxy- from the matrix to the intermembrane space.
C

N N N N N N H H -OOC
CH 2 E H+ H+ PROLINE The retrolocation of these protons through the F0 subunits
Y
N N D PROTONS
H3 C
C
CH3 H3 C CH3 H3 C CH3
H 2C CH2 H+ H+ pyrroline- of ATP synthase to the matrix then supplies the energy
C C CH 2
H2 C 4.2.1.24 4.3.2.1 5-carboxylate
R CH2
H CH2 CH2 H2 CH2 CH2 H2 CH2
-
OOC CH2
C
H2 CH2
COO- ADP Pi
+ NH + NH2 HN C
NH CO
needed to form ATP from ADP and phosphate

I CH2 + NH2 Electron Flow Proton Flow

ATP
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 H2 C N 2
N CH 2
COO- COO- COO- COO- COO- COO-
H X Y H2NCNHCH 2COO H2NCN(CH 3)CH2COO P- HNCN(CH 3)CH2COO 1.5.1.2
N COO- COO- H2 N
Guanidoacetate
2.1.1.2
Creatine 2.7.3.2 P-Creatine
CH3
Small Numbers ( eg. 2.4.6.7) refer to the IUBMBEnzyme
1.3.3.4 1.3.3.3 4.1.1.37 4.3.1.8 Creatinine
S HEME Protoporphyrinogen Coproporphyrinogen Uroporphyrinogen Porphobilinogen E NDE
RGONIC REACTIO N 3.5.2.10 Commission (EC) Reference Numbers of Enzymes
4.99.1.1 4.2.1.75

©2003 International Union of Biochemistry and 22nd Edition Designed by Donald E. Nicholson, D.Sc.,
Molecular Biology www.iubmb.org The University of Leeds, England – and Sigma-Aldrich Cat. No. M3782

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XXX
Metabolic Pathways

Oxidoreductases 1.14.11.2 Procollagen-proline dioxygenase 2.7.1.31 Glycerate kinase 4.1.1.50 Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
1.14.11.8 Trimethyllysine dioxygenase 2.7.1.32 Choline kinase 4.1.1.65 Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase
1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase
1.14.12.1 Anthranilate 1,2-dioxygenase 2.7.1.33 Pantothenate kinase 4.1.1.71 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase
1.1.1.3 Homoserine dehydrogenase
(deaminating, decarboxylating) 2.7.1.34 Pantetheine kinase 4.1.2.5 Threonine aldolase
1.1.1.8 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
1.14.13.5 Imidazoleacetate 4-monooxygenase 2.7.1.36 Mevalonate kinase 4.1.2.12 Ketopantoaldolase
1.1.1.9 D-Xylulose reductase
1.14.13.9 Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 2.7.1.39 Homoserine kinase 4.1.2.13 Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
1.1.1.10 l-Xylulose reductase
1.14.13.11 trans-Cinnamate 4-monooxygenase 2.7.1.40 Pyruvate kinase 4.1.2.14 2-Dehydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase
1.1.1.14 l-Iditol dehydrogenase
1.14.13.12 Benzoate 4-monooxygenase 2.7 1.47 D-Ribulokinase 4.1.3.1 Isocitrate lyase
1.1.1.19 Glucuronate reductase
1.14.13.39 Nitric oxide synthase 2.7.1.53 l-Xylulokinase 4.1.3.2 Malate synthase
1.1.1.21 Aldehyde reductase
1.14.16.1 Phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase 2.7.1.60 N-Acylmannosamine kinase 4.1.3.4 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase
1.1.1.22 UDPglucose dehydrogenase
1.14.16.2 Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase 2.7.1.71 Shikimate kinase 4.1.3.5 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase
1.1.1.23 Histidinol dehydrogenase
1.14.16.4 Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase 2.7.1.80 Pyrophosphate—serine phosphotransferase 4.1.3.7 Citrate (si)-synthase
1.1.1.25 Shikimate dehydrogenase
1.14.17.1 Dopamine ß-monooxygenase 2.7.1.82 Ethanolamine kinase 4.1.3.8 ATP citrate (pro-S)-lyase
1.1.1.27 Lactate dehydrogenase
1.14.18.1 Monophenol monooxygenase 2.7.1.107 Diacylglycerol kinase 4.1.3.16 4-Hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase
1.1.1.29 Glycerate dehydrogenase
1 14.99.1 Prostaglandin synthase 2.7.2.3 Phosphoglycerate kinase 4.1.3.18 Acetolactate synthase
1.1.1.30 3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
1 14.99.5 Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 2.7.2.4 Aspartate kinase 4.1.3.20 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphate synthase
1.1.1.31 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
1.14.99.7 Squalene monooxygenase 2.7.2.6 Formate kinase 4.1.3.21 Homocitrate synthase
1.1.1.32 Mevaldate reductase
1.14.99.25 Linoleoyl-CoA desaturase 2.7.2.11 Glutamate 5-kinase 4.1.3.22 Citramalate lyase
1.1.1.34 Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
1.17.4.1 Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase 2.7.3.2 Creatine kinase 4.1.3.27 Anthranilate synthase
1.1.1.35 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
1.18.6.1 Nitrogenase 2.7.4.2 Phosphomevalonate kinase 4.1.99.1 Tryptophanase
1.1.1.37 Malate dehydrogenase
2.7.4.3 Adenylate kinase 4.2.1.2 Fumarate hydratase
1.1.1.39 Malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Transferases 2.7.4.4 Nucleoside-phosphate kinase 4.2.1.3 Aconitate hydratase
1.1.1.41 Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+)
2.7.4.6 Nucleoside-diphosphate kinase 4.2.1.4 Citrate dehydratase
1.1.1.44 Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 2.1.1.1 Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase 2.7.4.8 Guanylate kinase 4.2.1.9 Dihydroxy-acid dehydratase
(decarboxylating) 2.1.1.2 Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase 2.7.4.9 dtmp kinase 4.2.1.10 3-Dehydroxyquinate dehydratase
1.1.1.45 l-Gulonate dehydrogenase 2.1.1.3 Thetin—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.7.4.14 Cytidylate kinase 4.2.1.11 Phosphopyruvate hydratase (enolase)
1.1.1.49 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2.1.1.4 Acetylserotonin N-methyltransferase 2.7.6.1 Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 4.2.1.13 l-Serine dehydratase
1.1.1.56 Ribitol dehydrogenase 2.1.1.5 Betaine—homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.7.7.3 Pantetheine-phosphate adenylyltransferase 4.2.1.16 Threonine dehydratase
1.1.1.79 Glyoxylate reductase (NADP+) 2.1.1.6 Catechol O-methyl transferase 2.7.7.4 Sulfate adenylyl transferase 4.2.1.17 Enoyl-CoA hydratase
1.1.1.81 Hydroxypyruvate reductase 2.1.1.10 Homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.7.7.6 RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) 4.2.1.18 Methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase
1.1.1.82 Malate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.1.1.13 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate—homocysteine 2.7.7.7 DNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed) 4.2.1.19 Imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase
1.1.1.85 3-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase S-methyl transferase 2.7.7.9 UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 4.2.1.20 Tryptophan synthase
1.1.1.86 Ketol-acid reductoisomerase 2.1.1.14 5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate — 2.7.7.10 UTP—hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase 4.2.1.22 Cystathionine B-synthase
1.1.1.95 Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2.7.7.12 UDP glucose—hexose-1-phosphate 4.2.1.24 Porphobilinogen synthase
1.1.1.100 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase 2.1.1.17 Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase uridylyltransferase 4.2.1.33 3-Isopropylmalate dehydratase
1.1.1.102 3-Dehydrosphinganine reductase 2.1.1.20 Glycine N-methyltransferase 2.7.7.13 Mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 4.2 1.46 dTDPglucose 4,6-dehydratase
1.1.1.105 Retinol dehydrogenase 2.1.1.28 Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase 2.7.7.14 Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 4.2.1.47 GDPmannose 4,6-dehydratase
1.1.1.130 3-Dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase 2.1.1.45 Thymidylate synthase 2.7.7.15 Choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase 4.2.1.49 Urocanate hydratase
1.1.1.157 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.1.1.71 Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine 2.7.7.18 Nicotinate-nucleotide adenylyltransferase 4.2.1.51 Prephenate dehydratase
1.1.1.158 UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase N-methyltransferase 2.7.7.23 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase 4.2.1.52 Dihydrodipicolinate synthase
1.1.1.169 2-Dehydropantoate 2-reductase 2.1.2.1 Glycine hydroxymethyltransferase 2.7.7.24 Glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase 4.2.1.55 3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydratase
1.1.1.204 Xanthine dehydrogenase 2.1.2.2 Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase 2.7.7.27 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase 4.2.1.58 Crotonoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] hydratase
1.1.1.205 IMP-dehydrogenase 2.1.2.3 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole 2.7.7.34 Glucose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase 4.2.1.59 3-Hydroxyoctanoyl-[acyl-carrier
1.1.3.8 l-Gulonolactone oxidase carboxamide formyltransferase 2.7.7.41 Phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase protein] dehydratase
1.1.3.22 Xanthine oxidase 2.1.2.5 Glutamate formiminotransferase 2.7.7.43 N-Acylneuraminate cytidylyltransferase 4.2.1.60 3-Hydroxydecanoyl-[acyl-carrier
1.1.99.1 Choline dehydrogenase 2.1.2.10 Aminomethyl transferase 2.7.8.1 Ethanolamine phosphotransferase protein] dehydratase
1.1.99.5 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2.1.3.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase 2.7.8.2 Diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase 4.2.1.61 3-Hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
1.2.1.3 Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 2.1.3.2 Aspartate carbamoyltransferase 2.7.8.3 Ceramide cholinephosphotransferase dehydratase
1.2.1.7 Benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.1.3.3 Ornithine carbamoyltransferase 2.7.8.5 CDPdiacylglycerol—glycerol-3- 4.2.1.75 Uroporphyrinogen-III synthase
1.2.1.8 Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.1.4.1 Glycine amidinotransferase phosphate 3-phosphatidyltransferase 4.2.1.80 2-Oxopent-4-enoate hydratase
1.2.1.11 Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.2.1.1 Transketolase 2.7.8.8 CDPdiacylglycerol—serine O-phosphatidyltransferase 4.2.99.2 Threonine synthase
1.2.1.12 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2.2.1.2 Transaldolase 2.7.8.11 CDPdiacylglycerol—inositol 4.2.99.8 Cysteine synthase
1.2.1.13 Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2.3.1.1 Amino-acid N-acetyltransferase 3-phosphatidyltransferase 4.2.99.9 O-Succinylhomoserine (thiol)-lyase
1.2.1.16 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) 2.3.1.4 Glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 2.8.3.5 3-Oxoacid CoA-transferase 4.3.1.1 Aspartate ammonia-lyase
1.2.1.18 Malonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.5 Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2.8.3.6 3-Oxoadipate CoA-transferase 4.3.1.2 Methylaspartate ammonia-lyase
(acetylating) 2.3.1.6 Choline O-acetyltransferase 4.3.1.3 Histidine ammonia-lyase
1.2.1.21 Glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.7 Carnitine O-acetyltransferase
Hydrolases 4.3.1.5 Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
1.2.1.23 2-Oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) 2.3.1.8 Phosphate acetyltransferase 4.3.2.1 Argininosuccinate lyase
1.2.1.24 Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.9 Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase 3.1.1.3 Triacylglycerol lipase 4.3.2.2 Adenylosuccinate lyase
1.2.1.25 2-Oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating) 2.3.1.12 Dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase 3.1.1.4 Phospholipase A2 4.4.1.1 Cystathionine g-lyase
1.2.1.27 Methylmalonate-semialdehyde 2.3.1.15 Glycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3.1.1.5 Lysophospholipase 4.4.1.8 Cystathionine ß-lyase
dehydrogenase (acylating) 2.3.1.16 Acetyl-CoA C-acyltransferase 3.1.1.7 Acetylcholinesterase 4.4.1.15 D-Cysteine desulfhydrase
1.2.1.31 l-Aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.20 Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 3.1.1.17 Gluconolactonase 4.6.1.1 Adenylate cyclase
1.2.1.32 Aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.23 Lysolecithin acyltransferase 3.1.1.21 Retinyl-palmitate esterase 4.6.1.3 3-Dehydroquinate synthase
1.2.1.36 Retinal dehydrogenase 2.3.1.24 Sphingosine N-acyltransferase 3.1.1.28 Acylcarnitine hydrolase 4.6.1.4 Chorismate synthase
1.2.1.41 Glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2.3.1.30 Serine O-acetyltransferase 3.1.1.31 6-Phosphogluconolactonase 4.99.1.1 Ferrochelatase
1.2.1.52 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase 2.3.1.37 5-Aminolevulinate synthase 3.1.1.32 Phospholipase A1
1.2.3.5 Glyoxylate oxidase 2.3.1.38 [Acyl-carrier-protein] S-acetyltransferase 3.1.2.1 Acetyl-CoA hydrolase
1.2.3.7 Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase 2.3.1.39 [Acyl-carrier-protein] 3.1.2.3 Succinyl-CoA hydrolase Isomerases
1.2.4.1 Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) S-malonytransferase 3.1.2.4 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase 5.1.3.1 Ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase
1.2.4.2 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) 2.3.1.41 3-Oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3.1.2.11 Acetoacetyl-CoA hydrolase 5.1.3.2 UDPglucose 4-epimerase
1.2.7.1 Pyruvate synthase 2.3.1.46 Homoserine O-succinyltransferase 3.1.2.20 Acyl-CoA hydrolase 5.1.3.4 l-Ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase
1.2.7.2 2-Oxobutyrate synthase 2.3.1.50 Serine C-palmitoyltransferase 3.1.3.2 Acid phosphatase 5.1.3.6 UDPglucuronate 4-epimerase
1.3.1.1 Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) 2.3.1.51 1-Acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 3.1.3.3 Phosphoserine phosphatase 5.1.3.7 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4-epimerase
1.3.1.2 Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.3.1.76 Retinol O-fatty-acyltransferase 3.1.3.4 Phosphatidate phosphatase 5.1.3.12 UDPglucuronate 5´-epimerase
1.3.1.8 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.4.1.1 Phosphorylase 3.1.3.5 5´-Nucleotidase 5 1.3.13 dTDP-4-Dehydrorhamnose 3,5-epimerase
1.3.1.9 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH) 2.4.1.9 Inulosucrase 3.1.3.9 Glucose-6-phosphatase 5.1.3.14 UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase
1.3.1.10 Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] 2 4.1.11 Glycogen (starch) synthase 3.1.3.11 Fructose-bisphosphatase 5.1.99.1 Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase
reductase (NADPH, B-specific) 2.4.1.13 Sucrose synthase 3.1.3.15 Histidinol-phosphatase 5.2.1.2 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase
1.3.1.13 Prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.4.1.16 Chitin synthase 3.1.3.25 myo-Inositol-1(or 4)-monophosphatase 5.2.1.3 Retinal isomerase
1.3.1.14 Orotate reductase (NADH) 2.4.1.17 Glucuranosyltransferase 3.1.3.27 Phosphatidylglycerophosphatase 5.2.1.7 Retinol isomerase
1.3.1.26 Dihydrodipicolinate reductase 2.4.1.21 Starch synthase 3.1.3.29 N-Acylneuraminate-9-phosphatase 5.3.1.1 Triose-phosphate isomerase
1.3.1.35 Phosphatidylcholine desaturase 2.4.1.22 Lactose synthase 3.1.3.31 Nucleotidase 5.3.1.3 Arabinose isomerase
1.3.3.3 Coproporphyrinogen oxidase 2.4.1.23 Sphingosine ß-galactosyltransferase 3.1.4.2 Glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase 5.3.1.4 l-Arabinose isomerase
1.3.3.4 Protoporphyrinogen oxidase 2.4.1.29 Cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) 3.1.4.3 Phospholipase C 5.3.1.5 Xylose isomerase
1.3.5.1 Succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 2.4.1.32 Glucomannan 4-ß-mannosyltransferase 3.1.4.4 Phospholipase D 5.3.1.6 Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase
1.3.99.1 Succinate dehydrogenase 2.4.1.33 Alginate synthase 3.1.4.10 1-Phosphatidylinositol phosphodieterase 5.3.1.8 Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase
1.3.99.2 Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.4.1.47 Acylsphingosine galactosyltransferase 3.1.4.12 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 5.3.1.9 Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase
1.3.99.3 Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.4.1.62 Ganglioside galactosyltransferase 3.2.1.21 ß-Glucosidase 5.3.1.16 N-(5´-Phospho-d-ribosylformimino)-
1.3.99.7 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.4.1.68 Glycoprotein 6-a-l-fucosyltransferase 3.2.1.23 ß-Galactosidase 5-amino-1-(5´´-phosphoribosyl)-
1.3.99.10 Isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase 2.4.1.69 Galactoside 2-a-l-fucosyltransferase 3.2.1.26 ß-Fructofuranosidase 4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase
1.4.1.1 Alanine dehydrogenase 2.4.2.1 Purine-nucleoside phosphorylase 3.2.1.45 Glucosylceramidase 5.3.3.2 Isopentenyl-diphosphate ∆-isomerase
1.4.1.2 Glutamate dehydrogenase 2.4.2.2 Pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase 3.2.1.46 Galactosylceramidase 5.3.99.3 Prostaglandin-E synthase
1.4.1.7 Serine dehydrogenase 2.4.2.4 Thymidine phosphorylase 3.2.1.48 Sucrose a-glucosidase 5.3.99.5 Thromboxane-A synthase
1.4.1.8 Valine dehydrogenase (NADP+) 2.4.2.8 Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 3.2.2.2 Inosine nucleosidase 5.4.2.1 Phosphoglycerate mutase
1.4.1.9 Leucine dehydrogenase 2.4.2.9 Uracil phosphoribosyltransferase 3.3.1.1 Adenosylhomocysteinase 5.4.2.2 Phosphoglucomutase
1.4.1.10 Glycine dehydrogenase 2.4.2.10 Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase 3.5.1.1 Asparaginase 5.4.2.3 Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase
1.4.1.14 Glutamate synthase (NADH) 2.4.2.11 Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase 3.5.1.2 Glutaminase 5.4.2.8 Phosphomannomutase
1.4.1.19 Tryptophan dehydrogenase 2.4.2.14 Amidophosphoribosyltransferase 3.5.1.6 ß-Ureidopropionase 5.4.3.8 Glutamate-1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase
1.4.3.1 d-Aspartate oxidase 2.4.2.15 Guanosine phosphorylase 3.5.1.9 Arylformamidase 5.4.99.2 Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
1.4.3.2 l-Amino-acid oxidase 2.4.2.17 ATP phosphoribosyltransferase 3.5.1.18 Succinyl-diaminopimelate desuccinylase 5.4.99.5 Chorismate mutase
1.4.3.4 Amine oxidase (flavin-containing) 2.4.2.18 Anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase 3.5.1.22 Pantothenase 5.4 99.7 Lanosterol synthase
1.4.3.8 Ethanolamine oxidase 2.4.2.19 Nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase 3.5.1.23 Ceramidase 5.5.1.4 myo-Inositol- l-phosphate synthase
1.4.4.2 Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (carboxylating) 3.5.2.2 Dihydropyrimidinase
1.5.1.2 Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2.4.99.1-11 Sialyltransferases 3.5.2.3 Dihydroorotase
1.5.1.3 Dihydrofolate reductase 2.4.99.7 Sialyltransferase 3.5.2.5 Allantoinase
Ligases
1.5.1.5 Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADP+) 2.5.1.1 Dimethylallyltranstransferase 3.5.2.7 Imidazolonepropionase 6.2.1.3 Long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase
1.5.1.6 Formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase 3.5.2.10 Creatininase 6.3.1.1 Aspartate—ammonia ligase
1.5.1.7 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, 2.5.1.10 Geranyltranstransferase 3.5.3.1 Arginase 6.3.1.2 Glutamate—ammonia ligase
l-lysine-forming) 2.5.1.16 Spermidine synthase 3.5.3.4 Allantoicase 6.3.1.4 Aspartate—ammonia ligase (ADP-forming)
1.5.1.8 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, 2.5.1.19 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyl-transferase 3.5.3.6 Arginine deiminase 6.3.1.5 NAD+ synthetase
l-lysine-forming) 2.5.1.21 Farnesyltransferase 3.5.4.1 Cytosine deaminase 6.3.2.1 Pantoate—ß-alannine ligase
1.5.1.9 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD+, 2.5.1.22 Spermine synthase 3.5.4.3 Guanine deaminase 6.3.2.2 Glutamate—cysteine ligase
l-glutamate-forming) 2.5.1.29 Farnesyltranstransferase 3.5.4.6 AMP deaminase 6.3.2.3 Glutathione synthase
1.5.1.10 Saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP+, 2.5.1.32 Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyl transferase 3.5.4.10 IMP cyclohydrolase 6.3.2.5 Phosphopantothenate—cysteine ligase
l-glutamate-forming) 2.6.1.- Transaminases 3.5.4.12 dCMP deaminase 6.3.2.6 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole-
1.5.1.12 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase 2.6.1.1 Aspartate transaminase 3.5.4.19 Phosphoribosyl-AMP cyclohydrolase succinocarboxamide synthase
1.5.3.1 Sarcosine oxidase 2.6 1.2 Alanine transaminase 3.6.1.3 Adenosinetriphosphatase 6.3.2.7 UDP-N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanyl-
1.5.99.1 Sarcosine dehydrogenase 2.6.1.4 Glycine transaminase 3.6.1.15 Nucleoside-triphosphatase d-glutamate—lysine ligase
1.5.99.2 Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase 2.6 1.5 Tyrosine transaminase 3.6.1.31 Phosphoribosyl-ATP pyrophosphatase 6.3.2.8 UDP-N-acetylmuramate—alanine ligase
1.5.99.8 Proline dehydrogenase 2.6 1.6 Leucine transaminase 3.6.1.34 H+-transporting ATP synthase 6.3.2.9 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanine—
1.6.4.1 Cystine reductase (NADH) 2.6.1.9 Histidinol-phosphate transaminase 3.7.1.2 Fumarylacetoacetase d-glutamate ligase
1.6.5.3 NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 2.6.1.13 Ornithine—oxo-acid transaminase 3.7.1.3 Kynureninase 6.3.2.10 UDP-N-acetylmuramoylalanyl-
1.6.6.1 Nitrate reductase (NADH) 2.6.1.16 Glutamine—fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 3.9.1.1 Phosphoamidase d-glutamyl-lysine—d-alanyl-d-alanine ligase
1.6.6.2 Nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H] 2.6.1.17 Succinyldiaminopimelate transaminase 6.3.2.13 UDP-N-Acetyl muramoylalanyl-d-
1.6.6.3 Nitrate reductase (NADPH) 2.6.1.18 ß-Alanine—pyruvate transaminase glutamate—2,6-diaminopimelate ligase
1.6.6.4 Nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] 2.6.1.19 4-Aminobutyrate transaminase
Lysases 6.3.3.1 Phosphoribosylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase
1.6.6.8 GMP reductase 2.6.1.22 l-3-Aminoisobutyrate transaminase 4.1.1.1 Pyruvate decarboxylase 6.3.4.1 GMP synthase
1.7.3.3 Urate oxidase 2.6.1.23 4-Hydroxyglutamate transaminase 4.1.1.3 Oxaloacetate decarboxylase 6.3.4.2 CTP synthase
1.7.7.1 Ferredoxin—nitrate reductase 2.6.1.27 Tryptophan transaminase 4.1.1.4 Acetoacetate decarboxylase 6.3.4.3 Formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase
1.7.99.4 Nitrate reductase 2.6.1.32 Valine—3-methyl-2-oxovalerate transaminase 4.1.1.9 Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase 6.3.4.4 Adenylosuccinate synthase
1.8.1.3 Hypotaurine dehydrogenase 2.6.1.36 l-Lysine 6-transaminase 4.1.1.11 Aspartate 1-decarboxylase 6.3.4.5 Argininosuccinate synthase
1.8.1.4 Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase 2.6.1.39 2-Aminoadipate transaminase 4.1.1.12 Aspartate 4-decarboxylase 6.3.4.7 Ribose-5-phosphate—ammonia ligase
1.8.2.1 Sulfite dehydrogenase 2.6.1.42 Branched-chain-amino-acid transaminase 4.1.1.15 Glutamate decarboxylase 6.3.4.13 Phosphoribosylamine—glycine ligase
1.8.3.1 Sulfite oxidase 2.6.1.44 Alanine-glyoxylate transaminase 4.1.1.17 Ornithine decarboxylase 6.3.4.16 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia)
1.8.7.1 Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) 2.6.1.51 Serine—pyruvate transaminase 4.1.1.20 Diaminopimelate decarboxylase 6.3.4.17 Formate—dihydrofolate ligase
1.8.99.1 Sulfite reductase 2.6.1.52 Phosphoserine transaminase 4 1.1.21 Phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase 6.3.5.1 NAD+ synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
1.8.99.2 Adenylsulphate reductase 2.6.1.66 Valine—pyruvate transaminase 4.1.1.22 Histidine decarboxylase 6.3.5.2 GMP synthetase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
1.9.3.1 Cytochrome-c oxidase 2.7.1.1 Hexokinase 4.1.1.23 Orotidine-5’-phosphate decarboxylase 6.3.5.3 Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthetase
1.10.2.1 l-Ascorbate—cytochrome-b5 reductase 2.7.1.2 Glucokinase 4.1.1.25 Tyrosine decarboxylase 6.3.5.4 Asparagine synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
1.10.2.2 Ubiquinol—cytochrome-c reductase 2.7.1.3 Ketohexokinase 4.1.1.28 Aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase 6.3.5.5 Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase
1.10.3.3 l-Ascorbate oxidase 2.7.1.4 Fructokinase 4.1.1.29 Sulfoalanine decarboxylase (glutamine-hydrolysing)
1.10.99.1 Plastoquinol—plastocyanin reductase 2.7.1.6 Galactokinase 4.1.1.32 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) 6.4.1.1 Pyruvate carboxylase
1.13.11.1 Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase 2.7.1.7 Mannokinase 4.1.1.33 Diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase 6.4.1.2 Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
1.13.11.2 Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase 2.7.1.11 6-Phosphofructokinase 4.1.1.34 Dehydro-l-gulonate decarboxylase 6.4.1.3 Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
1.13.11.5 Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase 2.7.1.15 Ribokinase 4.1.1.36 Phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase 6.4.1.4 Methylcrotonoyl-CoA carboxylase
1.13.11.6 3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase 2.7.1.16 Ribulokinase 4.1.1.37 Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
1.13.11.11 Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2.7.1.17 Xylulokinase 4.1.1.39 Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase
1.13.11.20 Cysteine dioxygenase 2.7.1.19 Phosphoribulokinase 4.1.1.41 Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase
1.13.11.21 ß-Carotene 15,15´-dioxygenase 2.7.1.24 Dephospho-CoA kinase 4.1.1.43 Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase
1.13.11.27 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase 2.7.1.25 Adenylylsulfate kinase 4.1.1.45 Aminocarboxymuconate-
1.13.11.34 Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 2.7.1.28 Triokinase semialdehyde decarboxylase
1.13.99.1 myo-lnositol oxygenase 2.7.1.30 Glycerol kinase 4.1.1.48 Indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase
1.14.11.1 g-Butyrobetaine dioxygenase 4.1.1.49 Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP)

GMO
71746-509102
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