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Problema 1
Resolver el problema
Utt = C2 Uxx
0 < x < 1, t>0
U (0, t) = U (1, t) = 0
U ( x, 0) = ϕ( x ), Ut ( x, 0) = ψ( x )
1
con ϕ( x ) = x sen(πx ), ϕ( x ) = 0, C =
π
U = X ( x ) T (t)
1 00
X ( x ) T 00 (t) = X ( x ) T (t)
π2
T 00 (t) 1 X 00 ( x )
= 2 = − A2
T (t) π X (x)
X 00 ( x ) + π 2 A2 X ( x ) = 0(2)
igualmente X (1) = 0
X 00 ( x ) + π 2 A2 X ( x ) = 0
:1 :0
0 = X (0) = C1 (
cos ) + C2
0 (
sen 0); C1 = 0
1
X ( x ) = C
2 sen( Aπx )
0 = X ( L) = sen( AπL)
π = AπL
n
n
A=
L
nπ
Xn = sen( x ); n = 1, 2, 3, ...
L
para el caso de T
T 00 (t) + A2 T (t) = 0
00 n2
T (t) + 2 T (t) = 0
L
1 n2 1 n2
1 cos( 2 x ) + C2 sen( 2 x )
X ( x ) = C
L L
Asi funciones de la forma
n2 n2 nπ
an ( x, t) = [Kn cos( 2
x ) + Cn sen ( 2
x )] sen( x)
L L L
Z L Z L
1 nπ 1 nπ
Kn = x cos((π − ) x )dx + x cos((π + ) x )dx
L 0 L L 0 L
nπ 1 Z L sen((π − nπ ) x ) nπ
1 x sen((π − L ) x ) L 1 x sen((π +
L
)x)
Kn = ( nπ − nπ dx ) − ( nπ −
L (π − )
0 0 (π − ) L (π + )
L L L
nπ
Z L sen((π + )x)
L dx )
0
nπ
(π + )
L
3
2 nπ 2 nπ 2 nπ
1 L sen((π − L )) L cos((π − L )) 1 L sen((π + L ))
1
Kn = ( + )− ( +
L ( Lπ − nπ ) ( Lπ − nπ )2 0 L ( Lπ + nπ )
nπ
L2 cos((π + )) 1
L )
( Lπ + nπ )2 0
2 nπ 2 nπ 2 nπ
1 L sen((π − L )) L cos((π − L )) L2 1 L sen((π + L ))
Kn = ( + − )− (
L ( Lπ − nπ ) ( Lπ − nπ )2 Lπ − nπ )2 L ( Lπ + nπ )
nπ
L2 cos((π + )) L2
+ L − )
( Lπ + nπ )2 Lπ + nπ )2
Problema 2
Resolver el problema
Utt = k2 Uxx
0 < x < l, t>0
U (0, t) = U (π, t) = 0
U ( x, 0) = ϕ( x )
Con:
33 x 0<x≤ π
2
ϕ( x ) =
33 (π − x ) π
<x<π
2
ϕ( x, t) = X ( x ) T (t)
Derivando
Ut = X ( x ) T 0 (t)
Ux = X 0 ( x ) T ( t )
Uxx = X 00 ( x ) T (t)
X ( x ) T (t) = X 00 ( x ) T (t)
T0 X 00
= = −λ
T X
T 0 + λT = 0
X 00 + λX = 0
4
Entonces:
√ √
X ( x ) = C1 cos( λx ) + C2 sin( λx )
0 = X (0) = C1 cos(0) → C1 = 0
√
X ( x ) = C2 sin( λx )
√ √
0 = X (π ) = sin( λπ ) λπ = nπ
Por lo tanto:
Xn ( x ) = sin(n x )
2
Tn ( x ) = e−n t
Un ( x, t) = X ( x ) T (t)
2
Un ( x, t) = sin(n x ) e−n t
conn ∈ N
Cada uno de estas satisface la ecuación general, ahora hay que buscar que se cum-
plan las condiciones de frontera, por tanto la condición :
n=∞
U ( x, t) = ∑ an Un ( x, t)
n=−∞
n=∞
∑
2
U ( x, t) = an sin(nx ) e−n t
n=−∞
n =1 ∞
∑ ∑
2 2
U ( x, t) = an sin(nx ) e−n t + an sin(nx ) e−n t
n=−∞ n =1
n =1 n=∞
∑ ∑
2 2
an sin(nx ) e−n t
= an sin(nx ) e−n t
n=−∞ n =1
n=∞
∑
2
= − a−m sin(mx ) e−m t
n =1
∞
∑ (an − a−n sin(nx) e−n
2 t
U ( x, t) =
n =1
Como los coeficientes an son arbirtrarios, podemos reemplazar an − an como un
nuevo coeficiente bn , tambien arbitrario, por tanto:
∞
∑ bn sin(nx) e−n
2 t
U ( x, t) =
n =1
∞
ϕ( x ) = U ( x, 0) = ∑ bn sin(nx)
n =1
5
∞
ϕ( x ) = ∑ bm sin(mx )
m =1
Con el cambio de indice mudo n = m multiplicamos está ecuación por sin(nx )
∞
ϕ( x ) = sin(nx ) = ∑ an sin(mx ) sin(mx )
m =1
Ahora si integramos ambos lados sobre [0, L].
Z L ∞ Z L
0
ϕ( x ) sin(nx )dx = ∑ bn
0
sin(mx ) sin(nx )dx
m =1
Z L
L
sin(mx ) sin(nx )dx = δmn
0 2
1 si m = n
δmn =
0 si m 6= n
Z L ∞
1
0
ϕ( x ) sin(nx )dx = ∑ bm δmn
2
m =1
π
2 2
Z Z π
2
bn = 33 sin(nx )dx + 33(π − x ) sin(nx )dx
π 0 π π
2
" π Z π
#
π −33 x cos(nx ) 2 33 2
bn =
2 n − n 0 cos(nx )dx + ...
0
" π π #
2 −33 π 33
Z π
... cos(nx ) + cos(nx ) − 33 π cos(nx )dx
π n π n π
2
2 2
" π #
2 33 nπ 33 2 33 π 33 π nπ
= − cos( ) − 2 sin(nx ) + − cos(nx ) + cos( ) + ...
π n 2 n 0 π n n 2
" π #
2 33 π 33 π nπ 2 33 33
... cos(nx ) − cos( ) + − 2 sin(nπ ) + 2 sin(nx )
π n 2n 2 π n n π
2
2 33 33 2 33 33 33 nπ
= − 2 sin(nπ ) + 2 sin(0) + − 2 sin(nπ ) + 2 sin(nπ ) − 2 sin( )
π n n n n n n 2
2 33 33 nπ
= − 2 sin(nπ ) − 2 sin( )
π n n 2
Problema 3
Ut = KUxx 0 < x < L, t>0
U (0, t) = T; U ( L, t) = T2 T > 0
U ( x, 0) = ϕ( x ), 0 < x < L
6
Solución
La solución general es
n2 π 2
∞
x x t nπ k
U ( x, t) = (1 − ) T1 + T2 + ∑ an e l 2 sin( x)
L L n =1
L
∞
∑ an en π t sin(nπx)
2 2
U ( x, t) = (1 − x )100 +
n =1
Cuando
∞
ϕ( x ) = U ( x, 0) = (1 − x )100 + + ∑ an sin(nπx)
n =1
Z 1
an = 2 (30 sin(πx )) − (1 − x )100 sin(nπx )dx
0
Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
an = 60 (sin(πx ))(sin(nπx ))dx − 200 (sin(nπx )) + 200 x sin(nπx )dx
0 0 0
Z 1 1 1
200 200x
an = 30 [cos((nπ + π ) x ) − cos(nπ + π )]dx + cos((nπx ) −
cos((nπx )
0 (nπ 0 (nπ 0
Z 1
200
+ cos(nπ − x )dx
(nπ 0
1 1 1
30 30 200
an = sin(nπ + nx ) −
sin(nπ − nx ) +
cos(nπ − x )
nπ + π 0 nπ − π 0 nπ 0
1
200
+ 2 2 sin(nπx )
n π 0
1 1 1
30 30 200
an = sin(nπ + nx ) − sin(nπ − nx ) + cos(nπ − x ) +
nπ + π 0 nπ − π 0 nπ 0
1
200
sin ( nπx )
n2 π 2
0
200 :0
+2 sin
( nπ )
n π2
30 30
an = (sin(nπ ) cos(π ) + sin(π ) cos(nπ )) − (sin(nπ ) cos(π ) − sin(π ) cos(nπ
nπ + π nπ − π
30
−
nπ
200
an = −
nπ
∞
200
∑ − nπ en π t sin(nπx)
2 2
U ( x, t) = (1 − x )100 +
n =1
200 ∞ 1 n2 π2 t
π n∑
U ( x, t) = (1 − x )100 + e sin(nπx )
=1 n
Problema 4
Solución
a)
Utt = C2 Uxx − mu x + u
U ( x, t) = X ( x ) T (t)
Uxx = X 00 ( x ) T (t)
Utt = T 00 (t) X ( x )
Ux = X 0 ( x ) T ( t )
Sustituyendo
T 00 (t) C2 X 00 ( x ) − mX 0 ( x ) + X ( x )
=
T (t) X (x)
8
la ecuacion es separable. Para escribir los EDP’s hacemos la relación anterior igual
a una constante
T 00 (t) C2 X 00 ( x ) − mX 0 ( x ) + X ( x )
= = −λ
T (t) X (x)
Los EPD’s son
T 00 (t) + λT (t) = 0
C2 X 00 ( x ) − mX 0 ( x ) + (1 + λ) X ( x ) = 0
b)
C ( x ) P( x )Utt = ( T ( x )Ux ) x − Ut + U
proponemos solución de la forma
U ( x, t) = G ( x ) M(t)
entonces
Ut = G ( x ) M0 (t)
Ux = G 0 ( x ) M ( t )
sustituimos
M(t)
C ( x ) P( x ) M00 (t) = [ T 0 ( x ) G 0 ( x ) + T ( x ) G 00 ( x ) + G ( x )] − M0 (t)
G(x)
M(t)
C ( x ) P( x ) M00 (t) + M0 (t) = [ T 0 ( x ) G 0 ( x ) + T ( x ) G 00 ( x ) + G ( x )]
G(x)
Dividimod entre M(t)