Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Disusun Oleh:
1. BAGAS TOMI YULIANTO (081910032)
2. ACHMAD ATHOURROHMAN (081910048)
3. MOH. FAILASUT Q. F. (081910037)
PENDAHULUAN
The quality of electric power can be seen from the amount of voltage,
frequency and continuous or continuous service. In its effort to fulfill this, PLN is
always trying to improve the reliability of the electricity system it manages. One
effort is to improve the quality of the protection system, both in the generation
system, transmission and distribution channels.
PEMBAHASAN
For high voltage transmission lines, where the distance between towers /
poles is far apart, a higher tensile strength is needed, therefore an ACSR conductor
wire is used. Aluminum conductor wire, consisting of various types, with the
following symbols:
1. AAC (All Aluminum Conductor), which is a conducting wire made entirely
of aluminum.
2. AAAC (All Aluminum Alloy Conductor), which is a conducting wire made
entirely of aluminum alloy.
3. ACSR (Aluminum Steel-Reinforced Conductor), which is aluminum wire
core with steel wire core.
4. ACAR (Aluminum Alloy Reinforced Conductor), which is aluminum wire
reinforced with alloys.
The transmission length of the 500 kV Java Bali electric power system, in
2010 increased to 5,052 kms. The 150 kV transmission will be 12,370 kms, while
the 70 kV transmission will be 3,608 kms.
2.3 `Distribution System
Distribution system, is part of the electric power system. This distribution
system is useful for channeling electric power from large power sources to
consumers, the following are the functions of electricity distribution are:
1. Distribution or distribution of electric power to several places (customers)
2. sub power system that is directly related to the customer, because the power
supply at the load centers (customers) is served directly through the
distribution network.
Electricity generated by large power plants with voltages from 11 kV to
24 kV is stepped up by the substation with a voltage boosting transformer to 70 kV,
154kV, 220kV or 500kV then channeled through the transmission line. The purpose
of increasing the voltage is to minimize the loss of electrical power in the
transmission line, where in this case the power loss is proportional to the square of
the current flowing (I squared R). With the same power when the voltage value is
enlarged, the current flowing is getting smaller so that the power loss will also be
small.
From the transmission line, the voltage is reduced again to 20 kV with a
step down voltage transformer at the distribution substation, then with the voltage
system the distribution of electricity is carried out by the primary distribution
channel. From this primary distribution channel distribution substations take the
voltage to be reduced by the distribution transformer into a low voltage system,
which is 220/380 Volts. Furthermore, it is distributed by secondary distribution
channels to consumers. With this it is clear that the distribution system is an
important part in the electric power system as a whole.
In long distance power delivery systems, the highest voltage is always
used, using step-up transformers. This very high voltage value (HV, UHV, EHV)
has several consequences including: dangerous for the environment and the high
price of equipment, besides being incompatible with the value of the voltage needed
on the load side. So, in the central regions of the high voltage line load is lowered
again using step-down transformers. As a result, when viewed from the voltage
value, then starting from the source point to the load point, there are parts of the
channel that have different voltage values.
Based on these restrictions, it can be classified according to the scope of
the Distribution Network:
1. SUTM, consisting of: Polishing and accessories, conductors and
equipment, as well as safety and breakers.
2. SKTM, consisting of: Ground cable, indoor and outdoor termination and
others.
3. Transformer substations, consisting of: Transformers, polishes, pile
foundations, frame transformers, LV panels, protective pipes, Arrester,
cables, transformer bands, grounding equipment, and others.
4. SUTR and SKTR, consist of: the same as equipment / material in SUTM
and SKTM. The only difference is the dimension.
2.3.1 Classification of Electric Power Distribution Channels
In general, Electric power lines or distribution channels can be classified
as follows:
1. According to the value of the voltage:
Primary distribution channel, located on the primary side of the
distribution transformer, which is between the secondary point of the
transformer substation (substation) with the primary point of the
distribution transformer. This channel is 20 kV medium voltage. A 70
kV or 150 kV electricity network, if it directly serves customers, can be
called a distribution network
Secondary Distribution Channel, Located on the secondary side of the
distribution transformer, which is between the secondary point and the
branch point to the load
2. According to the shape of the voltage:
DC (Direct Current) Distribution Channels use a direct voltage
system.
AC (Alternating Current) Distribution Channels use alternating
voltage systems.
3. According to the type / type of conductor:
Air ducts, installed in the open air with the help of supports (poles)
and accessories, and are distinguished by:
- Aerial wire conduit, if the conductor is bare, without insulation.
- Aerial cable lines, if the conductor is wrapped in insulation.
Underground channel, installed in the ground, using a ground cable
(ground cable).
Underwater channel, installed on the seabed using submarine cable.
BAB III