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THE IDEOLOGY OF PAKISTAN

The term "Ideology means science of idea it contains those ideals which a nation" strives to
accomplish in order to bring stability and homogeneity to its nationhood. Ideology is a system of
ideas which reflect the way of thinking of a nation or a class who has been denied its due place in
the society. The ideology grows amongst the dissatisfied group of society as a challenge to the
prevailing social set up.

Pakistan ideology is based on ideals of Islamic system and it was a reaction to the Hindu and
British exploitation of Muslims of the sub-continent revolt against the prevailing system of India
Where the Hindu nationalism was forcibly imposed on Muslims and their culture.

The Hindus and Muslims, in spite of living together for centuries could not forget their own
individual cultures and civilization and kept away from each other. They could not amalgamate
in each others way of life to become one nation. The main reason for this difference of cultures,
civilization and outlook was the religion of Islam which cannot be merged in any other system as
it is based on the principle to Tauheed (Oneness of God). In Islam there is no one who could
share the sovereignty of Almighty God, and to consider any one equal to God is the biggest sin in
Islam. On the other hand Hinduism is based on the concept of many gods.

Islam gives a message of peace and brotherhood. Belief in God, the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and
the Holy Book are the basic tenets of Islam. There is no such concept in Hinduism. Moreover
Islam preaches brotherhood, equality and justice. It does not differentiate on the basis of color,
creed or status. No importance has been given to geographical or linguistic affiliations in Islam.
On the other hand Hinduism promotes caste system which downgrades mankind.

How could Muslims and Hindus become one nation in the presence of such glaring contrasts in
their outlooks and way of living. There was a vast gulf of ideas which could not be bridged. They
lived together strangers and 'could never become one society. In such circumstances there was
no way for the Muslims other than to demand partition of India.
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PAKISTAN IDIEOLOGY (Definition and explanation)

The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on ideological commitments in
the light of the religion of Islam. The famous slogan "Pakistan Ka matlab kiya, LA ILAHA
ILLALAH" became the core of freedom movement and the basis of Pakistan.

Pakistan Ideology is based on the fact that the Muslims are a separate nation, having their own
culture, civilization, customs, literature, religion and way of life. They cannot be merged in any
other nation because their philosophy is based on the principles of Islam. As the Muslims of
India found it extremely difficult to live according to the Islamic principles of life in the United
India, they were forced to demand a separate homeland to safeguard their national and religious
identity.

Pakistan Ideology was founded on the Two-Nation Theory which meant that Hindus and
Muslims were two different and separate nations whose understanding of life was quite different
from each other. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the pioneer of the Two- Nation Theory, used the word
‘Two-Nations’ for Hindus and Muslims when convinced of the Hindu and Congress hatred and
prejudice towards Muslims.

The Muslims were a nation who had always adhered to their national and religious identity
strictly. The Muslims of the sub-continent did not want to see their image as a separate nation
being tarnished and, therefore, strictly adhered to it. The British and the Hindus, despite great
efforts, could not put a wedge into Muslim unity and love for their distinctive national character.

As far as the meaning and definition of Pakistan Ideology is concerned. It basically means that
Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to
their faith and creed based on Islamic principles. They should have all the resources at their
disposal to promote Islamic culture and civilization as this was the sole purpose of demanding a
separate homeland for Muslims.
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Pakistan Ideology is the main pillar of Muslim solidarity and existence. The Muslims of the sub-
continent had to face acute opposition of the British rulers and Hindus to give practical and
physical shape to Pakistan ideology. It was mainly due to the political wisdom and infallible
leadership of the Quaid-e-Azam that Muslims were at last able to remove all impediments to
accomplish their long cherished goal on 14th August, 1947.
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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PAKISTAN

Following factors can be named to be the objectives of the establishment of Pakistan.

1. ENFORCEMENT OF THE SOVEREIGNTY OF GOD ALMIGHTY

The Islamic State is built on the concept of the sovereignty of God Almighty. The prime
objective of the demand for Pakistan was the establishment of a state where Almighty God’s
supremacy could be enforced and a government based on the Islamic principles could be
instituted.

2. ESTABLISHMENT OF ISLAMIC DEMOCRACY

Islam has given an ideal concept of democracy which is distinctively different form western
concept. In Islamic democratic system every one is equal and no one enjoys a privileged position
on the basis of his social status, colour or creed.

One of the main objectives of the freedom movement was that the Muslims of sub-continent
wanted a country where the ideal system of Islamic democracy could be installed.

3. REVIVAL OF MUSLIM IMAGE AND IDENTITY

In the United India the Muslims were dominated by the Hindus in every social field. The
Muslims were not in a position, to compete with the Hindus because of their backwardness in
education and politics. The Hindus had adopted a prejudicial attitude which blocked all channels
to prosperity and progress for Muslims. The national image and identity of Muslims was in great
jeopardy because of Hindu hatred and antagonism.

4. PROTECTION OF MUSLIM CULTURE & CIVILIZATIN

Muslims were always a separate nation because of their distinctive cultural values and patterns.
They were easily distinguishable from other nations on the basis of their social behaviour. The
Muslim culture, civilization and literature were the living and proud symbols of identity as a
separate and distinct nation.
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Hindus always desired to crush Muslims as a nation and ultimately to merge them into Hindu
society. Several attempts were made by Hindus to erase the Muslim culture ‘and civilization.
Hindi-Urdu controversy, Shuddi and Sanghtan movements are the glaring examples of the
ignoble Hindu mentality, These attempts were aimed at the total elimination of Muslim culture in
order to merge it into Hindu Culture and Nationalism. Muslims wanted to give stability to their
nationhood which was not possible in the United India under the Hindu hegemony. Muslims,
therefore, decided to separate themselves from Hindus in order to safeguard their cultural values.

5. TWO-NATION THEORY
The entire freedom movement revolved around Two-Nation Theory which became the basis of
demand for Pakistan, It meant that Muslims were a separate nation
with their distinct culture, civilization, literature, history, religion and social values. Islam, the
religion of Muslims, was based on the concept of Tauheed and, therefore, could not he
assimilated in any other system or religion.

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan was the first Muslim leader who propounded this theory, he came
forward with his Two-Nation concept and declared that Muslims were a separate nation having
their own culture and civilization.

The establishment of Pakistan further strengthened the Two»Nation concept which meant that
Pakistan would be a country where Islamic principles would be followed.

6. EMANCIPATION FROM THE PREJUDICIAL HINDU MAJORITY

Muslims came to India with conquering armies and permanently settled there in the Indian
society, though maintaining their separate identity. The conversion of Hindus to Islam, in the
later stages, caused the population of India to undergo a gradual change. With lapse of time
Muslims came to form one-fourth of the total population of India.

Muslims belonged to all walks of life and understandably dominated in all spheres of social life
during their rule. The Arab conquest was a blessing for sub- continent which attained maximum
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economic prosperity during Muslim rule. The Muslim domination aroused Hindu jealousy who
had to live under Muslim hegemony in spite of their numerical majority.

With the advent of the British rule Muslims lost their empire and political supremacy. The British
extented favours to Hindus in view of their numerical strength in order to win their co-operation.

The British and Hindus adopted a cruel policy of mass elimination against Muslims in order to
erase them as a nation and subsequently merge them in Hindu' nationalism. This policy created
great difficulties for the Muslims in their social life.
The demand for Pakistan was based on this very feeling that the Muslims should be emancipated
from the clutches of the eternal Hindu domination.

7. ESTABLISHMENT OF A BALANCED ECONOMIC SYSTEM

The economic condition of Muslims, before partition, was deplorable. Hindus had Monopolized
commerce and trade. Muslims were not in a position to enter in the business and trade because of
blessed policy of government. After the 1857 War of independence, the British Government had
banned Muslims' entry into government service, All high Civil and military positions were
reserved for the Hindus, Muslims were considered eligible only for peon’s and low ranking jobs.
The Government had confiscated estates and properties of Muslims to punish them for their
involvement in the War of independence. The agricultural land was mostly owned by Hindus
who fully exploited Muslim cultivators; The Government policy provided no shelter to Muslims
for earning their sustenance in a respectable manner.

The economic system of Islam is based on the balanced principles which do not permit an
individual to keep wealth and economic resources more than one's needs and requirements. By
the systems of Zakat and Ushr, extra wealth is extracted from the People and distributed amongst
the poorer and more needy persons of the society to maintain economic balance.