02082019mtvsgydieiaemp PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT
&
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
(Under Clause 6 of S.O.1533 of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 2006)
INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSING FACILITY

At Village -Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: - 23.56 Acre,
Thana Number 242, Khata No-58, District-Deoghar (Jharkhand),
Toposheet No. 72 L/10 & 11, 72 L 14 & 15,
CATEGORY OF PROJECT - “A” Project schedule 7(i)
(Interstate boundary (Bihar) is at distance about 2.65 km in NNW)
COST: 3721.07/- Lakhs
Processing Facility:-200TPD
(Capacity of Aerobic Compost Plant – 90TPD & RDF Processing Plant Capacity – 110 TPD)
STUDY PERIOD-OCTOBER 2018 TO DECEMBER 2018
PREPARED BY:- WOLKEM INDIA LIMITED APPLICANT:-

NABET Certificate No: Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh
NABET/EIA/1720/RA0080 Valid Till (Municipal Commissioner)
19/04/2020, NABL Accredited & Recognized Deoghar Nagar Nigam,
MOEFCC, New Delhi. Court Road, Deoghar
E- 101-102, Mewar Industrial Area, Madri, Dist.: , Jharkhand
Udaipur, Pin Code 313003, Rajasthan Pin- 814112
Phone No. 0294-6452067, Fax: 0294- 0643-2232786
2491826 Email-deogharmunicipality@yahoo.com
Prepared By Wolkem India Limited

Final EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar
Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre,
Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE
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Prepared by-Wolkem India Limited
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
SHW Solid Hazardous Waste
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
AAQ Ambient Air Quality
ADS Air Density Separator / De-stoner
Bgl Below Ground Level
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CMWMF Common Municipal Waste Management Facilities
CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering
Organization
CSI City Sanitary Inspector
CSR Corporate Social Responsibility
D2D Door-to-door
DMC Deoghar Municipal Corporation
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
dB Decibel
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EAC Expert Appraisal Committee
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EAC Expert Appraisal Committee
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
EMC Environmental Management Cell
EMP Environment Management Plan
EPA The Environment Protection Act
GLC Ground Level Concentration
GOI Government Of India
GIS Geographic Information System
Ha Hectare
HH Households
HDPE High-Density Polyethylene
HMV Heavy Motor Vehicle
HFL High Flood Level
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
IS Indian Standards
ISWM Integrated Solid Waste Management
JIR Joint Inspection Report
KLD Kilo litre Per Day
Km Kilo Meter
Leq Equivalent Noise Level
LFL Low Flood Level
LCS Leachate Collection System
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LDPE Low-density polyethylene

LOS Level of Service
LoI Letter of Intent
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MSW (M&H) Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling)
MT Metric tone
O&M Operation and Maintenance
NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
NH National Highway
NOC No Objection Certificate
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PCU Passenger Car Unit
PFR Pre- feasibility Report
PF/RF Protected Forest/Reserve Forest
PM10/2.5 Particulate Matter
PP Project Proponent
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
QCI Quality Council of India
RL Reduced Level
R & R Plan Resettlement & Rehabilitation plan
RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
SH State Highway
SLF Sanitary Landfill Facility
SS Street Sweeping
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
SPCB State Pollution Control Board
ToR Terms of Reference
TPA Tonnes Per Annum
USEPA United State Environmental Protection Agency
ULB Urban Local Body
WPLF Waste Processing & Landfill
WTE Waste to Energy
N North
E East
W West
S South
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INDEX
INDEX ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
CHAPTER-I ................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT........................................................................................................................................... 13
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ........................................................................... 14
1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO
THE COUNTRY, REGION. ..................................................................................................................................................................... 15
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY .......................................................................................................................................................... 19
1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY .................................................................................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER - II ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT ........................................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT............................................................................................................................................................. 31
2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT .................................................................................................................................................... 31
2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION ................................................................................................................................. 37
2.4.1 CURRENT SCENARIO OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT;- ......................................................... 37
2.4.2 ANALYSIS OF ISSUES IN CURRENT SYSTEM AND STATUS OF COMPLIANCE TO SWM RULES:- ...... 39
2.4.3 PROPOSED LAND BREAKUP FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITY ............................................ 45
2.4.4 MAN POWER REQUIREMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 47
2.4.5 WATER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 47
2.4.6 POWER REQUIREMENT ........................................................................................................................................................... 48
2.5 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN .................................................................................................................. 49
2.5.1 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT SCOPE ........................................................................................................ 55
2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS ..................................................................................................................................... 57
2.6.1 OVERVIEW OF PROCESS FLOW CHART- ........................................................................................................................ 59
2.6.2 PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF WASTE PROCESSING .................................................................................................... 60
(A) REFUSED DERIVED FUEL ............................................................................................................................................................ 60
(B) WINDROW COMPOSTING ........................................................................................................................................................... 63
(C) SANITARY LANDFILL ................................................................................................................................................................... 70
CHAPTER-III ................................................................................................................................................................................ 79
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................... 79
3.1 STUDY AREA ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 79
3.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BASELINE FOR VALUED ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT .............................................. 82
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3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................................... 96

3.4 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT ...............................................................................................................................................102
3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ................................................................................................................................................................118
3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................................................................122
3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE STUDY AREA ......................................................................................129
CHAPTER-IV ..............................................................................................................................................................................151
ANTICIPATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ................................................................................................................. 151
4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................151
4.2. IMPACTS DURING DEVELOPMENT PHASE ....................................................................................................................151
4.2.1 IMPACTS DUE TO SOLID WASTE ......................................................................................................................................151
4.2.2. IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY ...................................................................................................................................................153
4.2.3. IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY ..........................................................................................................................................153
4.2.4. IMPACT OF NOISE LEVELS ..................................................................................................................................................154
4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE .........................................................................................................................155
4.3.1. IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..............................................................155
4.3.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...........................................................156
4.3.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ....................................................................158
4.3.4 IMPACT OF NOISE / VIBRATIONS & MITIGATION MEASURES ........................................................................159
4.3.4 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES.......................................................160
4.3.5 IMPACT ON SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT & MITIGATION MEASURE ..............................................161
4.3.6 IMPACT ON OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY ...................................................................................................164
CHAPTER-V ...............................................................................................................................................................................165
5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................................................................165
5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016 ............................................................................................165
CHAPTER – VI ...........................................................................................................................................................................168
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME .......................................................................................................................... 168
6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS ..........................................................................................................168
6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ..........................................................................................168
6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN ......................................................................................................................170
6.4 PUBLIC HEALTH MONITORING .............................................................................................................................................180
6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ....................................................................180
CHAPTER - VII ..........................................................................................................................................................................181
ADDITIONAL STUDIES .............................................................................................................................................................................. 181
7.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................181
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7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...........................................................................................................................................................181

7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ............................................................................................187
7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989 AS AMENDED
IN 1994 AND 2000:- .............................................................................................................................................................................200
7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS .............................................................................................................................................206
7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:- ...................................................................................................210
CHAPTER - VIII .........................................................................................................................................................................211
PROJECT BENEFITS .................................................................................................................................................................................... 211
8.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................................211
8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................................................211
8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL ...........................................................................................................................................................211
8.4. RECYCLING ......................................................................................................................................................................................212
8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE: ....................................................................................................212
8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ............................................................................................................212
8.7 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL .....................................................................................................................................................212
8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS ....................................................................................................................................................213
CHAPTER – IX ...........................................................................................................................................................................214
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................................................................................. 214
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ..............................................................214
BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............................................................................220
9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN .........................................................................................................................................220
9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN .....................................................................................................................................221
9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN ..................................................................................223
CHAPTER – X .............................................................................................................................................................................226
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 226
10.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................226
10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT ..................................................................................226
10.3 NEED OF PROJECT .....................................................................................................................................................................229
10.4 LAND DETAILS .............................................................................................................................................................................229
10.5DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE FACILITY:- ...........................................................................................................230
10.6 BASELINE MONITORING STATUS .....................................................................................................................................231
10.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN ...............................................................................................................................233
10.8 RISK ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................................................235
10.9. PROJECT BENEFITS ..................................................................................................................................................................235
CHAPTER – XI ...........................................................................................................................................................................238
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CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................................................................................................................................................... 238
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO-1.1 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE ....................................................................................... 21
TABLE NO-2.1 COORDINATE OF THE PROPOSED AREA .............................................................................. 32
TABLE 2.2: COMPLIANCES OF SELECTED LANDFILL AS PER SWM RULES, 2016 ............................ 36
TABLE- 2.3 WARD WISE PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION ..................................................................... 38
TABLE- 2.4 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SWM SYSTEM IN DEOGHAR .......................................................... 38
TABLE-2.5 EXISTING VEHICLES AND TRIP DETAILS..................................................................................... 40
TABLE- 2.6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN ........ 42
TABLE- 2.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN ....... 43
TABLE- 2.8 WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION ............................................................................................... 44
TABLE 2.9 LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY ...................................................................... 45
TABLE 2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT .................................................................................................................... 47
TABLE- 2.11 MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PROPOSED PROJECT ............................................................ 50
TABLE NO-2.12 LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY AND OTHERS ................................................................. 62
TABLE: 2.13- QUALITY STANDARDS OF COMPOST PRODUCED (AS PER SMW RULE, 2016) ...... 64
TABLE: 3.14- LIST OF PLANT - MACHINE - EQUIPMENTS – COMPOST PLANT.................................. 69
TABLE NO-2.15 SUMMARY OF LANDFILL DESIGN ......................................................................................... 76
TABLE 3.1: LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE.............................................................. 82
TABLE 3.2: LAND USE DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA ....................................................................................... 85
TABLE 3.3: WATER BODIES WITHIN STUDY AREA ........................................................................................ 86
TABLE 3.4: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA ................................................................ 91
TABLE 3.5 STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL........................................................................................... 92
TABLE- 3.6 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY OF SOIL SAMPLES......................................................................... 93
TABLE 3.7: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLES........................................................................................ 94
TABLE 3.8: LOCATION OF GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING IN THE STUDY AREA 98
TABLE 3.9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES ............................................................. 99
TABLE 3.10: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES ........................................................100
TABLE 3.11: LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS ..................................................104
TABLE 3.12: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING METHOD ..............................................................105
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TABLE 3.13: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ..............................................................106

TABLE 3.14: SITE SPECIFIC MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY...................................107
TABLE 3.14 (A): MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED BY IMD STATION DUMKA
(1981- 1992) .................................................................................................................................................................107
TABLE 3.15: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULT ................................................................................................108
TABLE 3.16 COMPARISON OF AIR MONITORING RESULTS .....................................................................116
TABLE 3.17: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS ...................................................................119
TABLE 3.18: NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (Unit – dBA)....................................................120
TABLE 3.19: CPCB NOISE STANDARD ................................................................................................................121
TABLE 3.20: TYPE OF RESERVE FOREST AND PROTECTED FOREST WITHIN STUDY AREA ...124
TABLE 3.21: CHECKLIST OF VEGETATION IN STUDY AREA ...................................................................124
TABLE 3.22: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA ................................................126
TABLE 3.23: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA ................................................128
TABLE 3.24: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION ..............................................................................................138
TABLE 3.25: DISTRIBUTION OF POPOLATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE ............................................139
TABLE 3.26: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES .....................................................140
TABLE 3.27: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN .............................................................................................................142
TABLE 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA OF THE PROPOSED SITE...........................................................167
TABLE -6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE .................................171
TBALE 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE............................................174
TABLE-7.3 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS......................................................................................................201
TABLE-9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ..........................215
TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IN OPERATIONAL PHASE .............................217
TABLE NO-9.3 PROPOSED PLANTED SPECIES ...............................................................................................222
TABLE NO-9.4 PROPOSED CER ACTIVITY ........................................................................................................224
TABLE-10.1: SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................227
TABLE 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE .........................................234
TABLE 10.5 MITIGATION MEASURE PROPOSED DURING OPERATION PERIOD.............................236
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP ................................................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE AREA ...................................................................................... 33
FIGURE 2.2: LOCATION MAP ................................................................................................................... 34
FIGURE 2.3: KEY PLAN OF THE AREA ................................................................................................. 35
FIGURE- 2.4 LAYOUT MAP OF THE AREA .......................................................................................... 46
FIGURE- 2.5 WATER FLOW DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ 48
FIGURE 2.6 COLLECTIONS, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MODEL 51
FIGURE 2.7 THREE BINS SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE ....................................... 52
FIGURE 2.8 PRIMARY COLLECTION ..................................................................................................... 53
FIGURE 2.9 SECONDARY COLLECTION............................................................................................... 54
FIGURE 2.10 PROCESS FLOWCHART ................................................................................................... 59
FIGURE 3.1: COMPOSITE SAMPLING LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA. .................... 81
FIGURE 3.2: LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA. ................. 83
FIGURE 3.3: SATELLITE IMAGE OF 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA ........................... 84
FIGURE 3.4: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA ............................................................... 87
FIGURE- 3.5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA...................................................................... 88
FIGURE 3.6: SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA ................................................................................................... 90
FIGURE 3.7: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM .................................................................................................. 102
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LIST OF ANNEXURE
ANNEXURE NO.- PARTICULAR

I SANKLAP PATRA
II LAND DOCUMENTS
III KHASRA PLAN
IV TOR LETTER
V PH MINUTES
VI ANALYSIS REPORT
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Environment Impact Assesment &

Environment Management Plan
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CHAPTER-I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
The purpose of this report is to prepare an environmental statement on assessment of likely

environmental impacts of proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility
(IMSWMF) with total processing capacity of 200TPD MSW (Aerobic Compost Plant-90TPD +
RDF Processing Plant– 110 TPD and Sanitary landfill area – 61425 sq m) for Deoghar Nagar
Nigam at Village –Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar in the state of Jharkhand.
It comprises of evaluation of existing MSWM practices, identifying deficiencies/gaps in the

present system and assessing adequacies of inbuilt pollution mitigation measures included in
the engineering design of proposed IMSWMF to be created in accordance with the
requirements of SWM Rules 2016.
The proposed project is categorized under Item “7(i) Common Municipal Solid Waste Management
Facility (CMSWMF)” in the EIA Notification, dated September 14, 2006 issued by Ministry of
Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC), New Delhi and needs prior Environmental
Clearance. The proposed project falls under Category ‘A’, as the interstate boundary (Bihar) is at a
distance of about 2.65 km in NNW direction from project site and thus, being appraised by the Expert
Appraisal Committee (EAC) on “Infrastructure and Miscellaneous Projects + CRZ” at MoEF & CC, New
Delhi.
In this regard, Wolkem India Limited (WIL) Udaipur, a QCI-NABET accredited consultancy
organization, has been engaged by Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Court Road, Dist.: Deoghar, Jharkhand to
carry out an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and to seek prior environmental clearance
as per the process defined in the EIA Notification, dated September 14, 2006 and the amendments
thereafter.
Accordingly, fresh application for prior EC (Form – I, PFR & Draft ToR) was submitted to MoEF New
Delhi on 6th September, 2018 for TOR. The project was considered in 34th EAC Meeting held on 24-25
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September 2018 & Committee granted TOR vide letter No-F-No-10-70/2018-IA-III on 15th October
2018. TOR Letter is attached Annexure IV for preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment
(EIA) report. The EIA studies have been carried out complying the conditions of approved TOR and
being presented here in the stipulated structure of EIA document as per Appendix III of EIA
Notification, 2006.
1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Management of solid waste is of growing concern to the general public at large, local
authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is
exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an
economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and hence, wastes generation. The
Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve the existing SWM practices in the
Country. In regards of this Deoghar Nagar Nigam proposed to setup an Integrated Municipal
Solid Waste Management System for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot
No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720 , Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number- 242, Khata No- 58,
District-Deoghar, Jharkhand. The project seeks to improve and develop a socially and
environmentally sustainable system of solid waste management which will reduce the
associated environmental and public health risks. The project has been designed based on
population projections. Deoghar city the present solid waste generation is around 90TPD,
which is mostly comprising of domestic and commercial waste and is projected to total waste
generation in year 2041 is around 240TPD.
The project will be developed by Deoghar Nagar Nigam. The Govt. land has been transfer to
Deoghar Nagar Nigam for MSWM facility. (Copy of land documents is attached as Annexure
No. -II)
Identification of project proponent
Applicant Authorize signatory
Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh
Address- Court Road, P.O.: Deoghar, (Municipal Commissioner)
Dist -Deoghar, Pin Code- 814112, Phone no. - +91 9430870358
Jharkhand, Phone no: - 0643-2232786 Email – deogharmunicipality@yahoo.com
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1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURE, SIZE, LOCATION OF THE PROJECT AND ITS
IMPORTANCE TO THE COUNTRY, REGION.
Sr. No. Particulars Details
A. Nature of the Project Integrated Municipal Solid Waste processing Facility
B. Size of the Project
1. Expected Waste Quantity 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86 TPD by 2027 and 206.04
TPD by 2037.
2. Composting 90TPD
3. RDF Processing Plant 110 TPD
Capacity
4. Sanitary Landfill Design Life of Landfill is 20 Years (2017 to 2037)
C Location Details
1. Village Pachiyari Kothiya
2. Tehsil Deoghar
3. District Deoghar
4. State Jharkhand.
D Environmental Settings of the Area
1. Ecological Sensitive Areas No National park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve Wild life
corridor, Tiger /elephant reserve exists in the 10 Km
radius.
2. River / water body S.No Name Distance Direction
(Km)
1 Ajay River 10.6 SSW

2 Darhwa Nadi 2.8 SW
3 Kutaniya 7.8 SW
Nadi
4 Chhauuri 8.0 NW
Nihan Nadi
5 Narhipr Nala 9.7 NW
6 Bankjar Nala 9.8 NW
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7 Jugrigr Nala 8.9 N
8 Chandan 8.1 NE
River
9 Jhajhajor 5.4 NE
Nala
10 Chhatimi 1.5 NE
Nadi
11 Karankol 11.8 SSE
Nala
3. Nearest Town / City Deoghar (5.74 Km in S direction from project site).
4. Nearest Railway Station Nearest Railway station is Baidyanathdham railway
station which is 5.78 Km in South direction, & Deoghar
Junction is about 3.26 Km in South direction from
project site.
5. Nearest Airport Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project
site.
6. State Boundary The project falls under interstate boundary (Bihar)
which is about 2.65 Km in NNW direction from project
site.
7. Seismic Zone District Deoghar falls within Seismic zone-III which is
classified as the medium damage risk zone.
E Cost Details
1. Estimated Project Cost 3721.07/- Lakhs
F Requirements of the Project
1. Water Requirement 18.5KLD
2. Workers in Construction Around 45
Phase
3. Workers in Operation 15-16 on site (about 200-250 temporary employees will
Phase be hired for primary collection, transportation and
miscellaneous jobs).
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FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP
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Importance to country and region:-

There is no practice followed for segregation of MSW at source in to biodegradable (wet) and
non-biodegradable (dry) waste in the town. The waste is collected by the waste collectors in
the mixed form only. However, the waste collectors separate valuables from the waste during
the collection of waste. Moreover, rag-pickers unofficially do the segregation & pick
recyclables like polythene; plastics etc. at the secondary collection points and existing
dumping site and sell to scrap dealers.
As of now, there is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for
the natural decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore
they are prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides
becoming breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause
unsanitary condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime
requirement in the area.
The importance of effective Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) services is to protect
public health, the environment and natural resources (Water, Land, and Air). To promote the
ecological management of solid waste in compliance with the principle of the 4 R: Reduce,
Reuse, Recycle, Recover and safe disposal. An effective MSWM service can be achieved only by
improving the efficiency of MSWM activities, thereby leading to the reduction of waste
generation, separation of MSW and recycling and recovery of materials, and generation of
compost and energy.
 Reduction, reuse and recycle of the waste.
 Source Segregation & collection of waste (Systematic Door to Door collection has been
proposed in the project).
 Transportation of waste in covered /closed vehicles to the site.
 Processing of waste through composting, RDF and electricity generation.
 Conversion of waste into a useful and marketable product (Manure) as recirculation of
soil nutrients.
 Good market for compost sale.
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 Only inert/processing rejects to be land filled which is about 20% of total waste
quantity shall be disposed of into the landfill. This would save upon the future
requirements of area for land filling.
 Commercially viable project and long term sustainability.
 Systematic approach for integrated solid waste management.
 Clean, hygienic and better infrastructure of the city.
 Increase in employment opportunities in collection and transportation, door to door
collection and in processing and disposal facility.
 Organized and a scientific land fill site with 20 years of life in order to prevent Water &
Soil Contamination.
1.4 OBJECTIVE OF EIA STUDY
The specific objective of the EIA study is to:
Deoghar is divided into 36 wards. The objective of the project study is to design an integrated
solid waste management system in Deoghar city while redesigning & improving the existing
solid waste management system in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.
The detailed project report has been prepared by Regional Centre for Urban and
Environmental Studies, Lucknow. The scope of work consists of:-
 Door to Door collection of waste and segregation at source.
 Implementation of 2 bins system for secondary storage facility (waste storage depots).
 Improvement of existing transportation system.
 Semi mechanized segregation system for separation of recyclable materials.
 Compost plant of 90TPD waste treatment capacity.
 Construction of sanitary landfill facility.
 Review of applicable national and international legal environmental requirements.
 Discuss justification for development of the project;
 Establish environmental baseline condition within a study area of 10km radius of the
project site.
 Develop Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan;
19
 Undertake hazard identification and develop Disaster Management Plan; and identify
project benefit.
 Predict and evaluate of potential environmental and socio-economic impacts and
identify.
1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

The scope of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is in line with standard Terms
of Reference (TOR) along with specific conditions issued by Expert Appraisal Committee
(EAC) the MoEF & CC, New Delhi during 34th EAC Meeting on 29/09/18 for preparation of an
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project on “Integrated Solid Waste Processing
Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre.
TOR letter is attached as Annexure-IV.
Secondary Data Collection:
Collection of secondary data comprising of information on project conception, planning and
development, land details, physical, biological, geological and land use information of the
project area, socioeconomic data.
Investigations and surveys:
Environmental investigations and laboratory testing for samples (Air, Water, and Noise and
Soil quality) and analysis of meteorological Ecological and social surveys were also conducted
in the immediate surrounding area.
Legal framework, statutory requirements and international guidelines:
A desktop review of all the applicable legal framework and statutory requirements (National
and state) has been carried out and included in the report. The guidelines pertaining to EHS
(Environmental, Health, and Safety) aspects of solid waste management facilities were
referred to and included in the report.
Public consultations and disclosure:

A public consultation will be done, as per the procedure prescribed in EIA Notification 2006.
Impact Assessment:
Assessment of the potential impacts with respect to environmental and social aspects has
been carried out and their significance determined.
20
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) along with Monitoring Plan:

Appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures are suggested to minimize any potential
damaging effects or any lasting negative consequence.
Scope of the study (compliance of terms of reference)
During 34th EAC Meeting on 29/09/18 Committee was grant standard TOR along with specific
condition for preparation of an Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project of
“Integrated Solid Waste Processing Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723,
723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, (Refer copy of standard TOR Letter with 34th
EAC MoM as attached Annexure No-IV).
TABLE NO-1.1 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
S. Terms of Reference Compliance to Terms of Reference
1 The project should be designed based on
No Yes, the project has been designed based on
. the population projections as by Master Plan. Population projections.
Present MSW quantity, based on average per capita

waste generation, in the proposed service area
(Deoghar Nagar Nigam) is estimated to be about
87.48 TPD for year 2017.
Considering the population projection and the waste

generation forecast, the total MSW quantity in the
year 2037 is estimated to be about 206 TPD.
21
2. Submit a 10 km. radius map (on survey of

The latest topographical map from Survey of India
India toposheet) showing co-ordinates of
covering 10 km radius from the project location is
project site, national highway, state highway,
given in Figure 3.4 (Chapter 3) in the report.
district road/approach road, river, canal,
The entire significant site features such as distance
natural drainage; protected areas, under
from nearest town, railway station, airport, etc. are
Wild Life (Protection) Act, archaeological
presented in Table 2.2 (Chapter 2).
site, natural lake, flood area, human
settlements (with population), industries, Impacts due to the proposed MSW project activity
high tension electric line, prominent wind have been identified predicted and evaluated. The
direction (summer and winter), effluent detailed assessment has been presented in Chapter 4.
drain, if any and ponds etc. should be
presented and impacts assessed on the same.
3 Examine and submit details of alternative Various alternatives have been evaluated based on
technologies viz. RDF shall also be evolved. waste characteristics (physico-chemical), waste
quantity, local environmental factors etc. The scheme
for the Integrated MSW processing and disposal
facility has been finalized based on techno-
commercial feasibility.
Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility proves to be
practical and feasible in the evaluation of
technologies and so RDF facility is also part of the
proposed scheme.
22
4 Examine and submit details of storm

Leachate Drain System-Proper drain will be
water/ leachate collection from the
provided to collect leachate generated from compost
compost area
pad.
Leachate Collection Pit & Circulation System -A

leachate collection pit having suitable capacity has
been proposed to collect the leachate generated from
compost pad. The leachate generated from the
compost pad will be recycled to the windrows
through HDPE pipe lines and pumps.
5 Examine and submit details of monitoring Four ground water samples & four surface water
of water quality around the landfill site. samples were collected around the proposed site
Water analysis shall also include for nitrate within 10 km radius. All samples were analysed for
and phosphate. physical and chemical characteristics including
nitrates and phosphates. Figure 3.1 (Chapter 3)
represent the locations from where the water
samples were taken. Table 3.9 & 3.10 (Chapter 3)
represents analysis results of ground & surface water
samples.
6 Examine and submit details of the odour
Inoculums and sanitizer will be sprayed over waste
control measures.
for odour suppression. Speciality chemicals are
sprayed over existing waste heap for bird & fly
management.
Waste storage & processing of waste is proposed in a

completely covered shed, which will be maintained
under negative pressure.
23
7 Examine and submit details of impact on

No negative impact on water bodies/rivers/ponds
water bodies/rivers/ ponds and mitigative
has been envisaged.
measures during rainy season.
Runoff water from the site gets collected in a tank
and in case of any overflow; it will be diverted to
greenbelt.
Leachate/runoff water will not be let out from the

premises.
8 Submit the criteria for assessing waste
The current total municipal waste generation is
generation. Any segregation of hazardous
estimated to be about 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86
and bio-medical wastes.
TPD by 2027 and 206.04 TPD by 2037.
However, considering the population projection and

the waste generation forecast, it is proposed to
establish the Integrated Waste Management Facility
to handle about 200 TPD (Criteria adopted for
assessing waste generation is elaborated in
Chapter 2).
Hazardous waste and bio- medical wastes are not

expected to be a part of MSW stream; however, if
received same should be handed over to the
authorized collector for disposal.
9 Submit a copy of the layout plan of project The detailed layout of the project including green
site showing solid waste storage, green belt belt, roads, processing facilities (Sanitary Landfill,
(width & length, 33% of the project area), all Composting, RDF processing etc.) are visualised in
roads, prominent wind direction, processing Figure 2.4, while the land breakup details are
plant & buildings etc. should be provided. provided in Table 2.9 (Chapter 2).
24
10 Submit a copy of the land use certificate from The project will be developed by Deoghar Nagar
the competent authority. Nigam. The Govt. land has been transfer to Deoghar
Nagar Nigam for MSWM facility.
Kindly refer Annexure-II on Land documents.
11 NOC from local or nearest airport within 20 Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from
km and any flight funnel restrictions project site so no NOC is required.
12 Submit a copy of the status of ambient air The details on baseline environmental quality status
quality and surface and ground water with sampling locations (Figures) analytical data
quality, soil type, cropping pattern, land use (Tables) and description on statistical analysis /
pattern, population, socio-economic status, interpretation (script) are provided in Chapter 3.
anticipated air and water pollution.
13 Submit a copy of the topography of the
The topographical map of the proposed site is
area indicating whether the site requires
provided in Figure 3.4 (Chapter 3).
any filling, if so, the details of filling, quantity
The project has been designed with focus on
of fill material required, its source and
balancing the earthwork such that the fill volumes
transportation, etc.
are equal to or less than the cut volumes.
Excavated soils (cut volumes) shall be re-used for

levelling the low lying areas to avoid transport of fill
material.
14 Examine and submit the details of impact on Drainage network of an area is furnished in Chapter-
the drainage and nearby 3 while the likely impact is discussed in Chapter 4.
habitats/settlement (surroundings).
15 Examine and submit the details of surface Details on surface hydrology and water regime and
hydrology and water regime and impact on impact of proposed activity on the same are covered
the same. under subsection (Chapter 3).
16 Submit a copy of detailed plan of waste Detailed information on the plan of waste
management management system for proposed MSW processing
facility along with Process flow chart and material
mass balance is submitted in sub section of Chapter 2.
25
17 Submit the details of sanitary land fill site Extensive details on the landfill design and lining
Permeability and whether it would be lined, thereof are presented in sub section Chapter 2.
if so details thereof.
18 Examine and submit the details of impact Detailed study on Impacts over Environmental
on environmental sensitive areas. Sensitive Areas is given in Chapter 4.
19 Examine and submit the details of No Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) is
rehabilitation/compensation package for required to establish the proposed facility. The land
the project effected people, if any. is provided to Deoghar Nagar Nigam for development
of Integrated MSW Processing and Disposal Facility.
Land documents are attached as Annexure II.
20 Submit Environmental Management Plan
Detailed Environmental Management Plan is
and Environmental Monitoring Plan with
Provided in Chapter 9 while Environmental
costs and parameters.
Monitoring Plan is provided in Chapter 6.
In order to comply with the environmental

protection measures as specified in the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP), Capital cost
of EMP is estimated to be Rs. 28.0/- Lakhs &
recurring cost Rs. 19.0/- Lakhs per annum (Chapter
6) as against the capital cost of Project (Rs.
3721.07/- Lakhs).
21. Public hearing to be conducted for the Public Hearing conducted on 5th April 2019
project in accordance with provisions of (11:00 AM) at Project Site, Village- Pachiyari Kothiya,
Environmental Impact Assessment District- Deoghar (Jharkhand).
Notification, 2006 and the issues raised by Minutes of public hearing is attached as Annexures- V.
the public should be addressed in the
Environmental Management Plan. The Public
Hearing should be conducted based on the
ToR letter issued by the SEIAA and not on the
basis of Minutes of the Meeting available on
the web-site.
26
22. A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be Noted and followed.

prepared in accordance with the above
additional TOR and should be submitted to
the ministry in accordance with the
Notification.
23. Details of litigation pending against the No litigation pending against the project.
project, if any, with direction /order passed
by any Court of Law against the Project
should be given.
25. The cost of the project (Capital cost and The capital cost of project is 3721.07/- Lakhs
recurring cost) as well as the cost towards Capital cost of EMP -28.0/- Lakhs
implementation of EMP should be clearly Recurring cost of EMP -19.0/- lakhs per Annum
spelt out.
26. Any further clarification on carrying out the All the studies/activities suggested in the TOR were
above studies including anticipated impacts completed in detail and presented in the EIA report.
due to the project and mitigative measure, No further clarification required for carrying out the
project proponent can refer to the model ToR studies suggested.
available on Ministry website
"http://moef.nic.in/Manual/Common
Municipal Solid Wastes".
Additional ToR
SN Conditions Details
1. Importance and benefits of the project. Refer Chapter 8, Project Benefits
2. A sensitivity analysis of the site shall be carried out as Followed.
per the MoEF&CC criteria and form part of the EIA
report.
3. The EIA would include a separate chapter on the Followed.
27
conformity of the proposals to the Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016 and the Construction and
Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 including the
sitting criteria therein.
4. An integrated plan of operation including the segregation Details given in table No-2.8 under
of wastes at the household level and its transportation to Chapter 2.
the site shall be submitted. List of waste to be handled
and their source along with mode of transportation.
5. Details of various waste management units with Project Description, Collection and
capacities for the proposed project. Details of utilities transportation; kindly refer Figure
indicating size and capacity to be provided. No-2.6, Chapter 2
6. The project proponents should consult the Municipal Followed,

solid waste Management Manual of the Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India and draw up Project
plans accordingly.
7. Waste management facilities should maintain safe Followed, site selection criteria are
distance from the nearby pond. given in Table No-2.2, Chapter-2
8. Methodology for remediating the project site, which is Methodology is given in Chapter-2.
presently being used for open dumping of garbage.
9. Layout maps of proposed solid waste management Kindly refer Figure 2.4, Chapter-2.
facilities indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt
area, utilities etc.
10. Details of air emission, effluents generation, solid waste All details are incorporated in
generation and their management. Chapter-IV & IX.
11. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, Water Requirement- The water will be
status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power sourced from PHED water supply.
requirement (regular and contract). During Construction phase 5KLD Fresh
water will be required & during
Operational phase about 18.5KLD water
28
will be required.
Water flow diagram is given in
Chapter-II fig No-2.4.
Man Power- During construction
phase- 45 persons will be employed.
During operational phase- 15-16 on
site (about 200-250 temporary
employees will be hired for primary
collection, transportation and
miscellaneous jobs.
Approx. -280 KVA power will be
require which will be met from
JVVNL.
12. Process description along with major equipment and Details of process description are
machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from given in chapter-II.
waste material to disposal to be provided.
13. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety Refer Chapter 7: Additional Studies ,
systems. Section 7.3: Hazard Identification and
Risk assessment
14. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5 km radius of There is no any water source exist in
study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major nearby project site. The nearest
river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as surface water body is Chhatimi Nadi
Flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data which is 1.5 Km in NE direction from
of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project project site.
site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be The details of surface water bodies
provided. exist in study area is given in
Chapter-III, Table No-3.3 & drainage
map is given Fig No-3.5.
15. Details of effluent treatment and recycling process. Refer Chapter 2,
29
16. Action plan for measures to be taken for excessive Details are given in chapter-IV & IX.
leachate generation during monsoon period.
17. Detailed Environmental Monitoring Plan. Given in chapter-IX.
18. Report on health and hygiene to be maintained by the Followed.

sanitation worker at the work place.
19. Public hearing to be conducted and issues raised and Public Hearing conducted on 5th April
commitments made by the project proponent on the 2019 (11:00 AM) at Project Site,
same should be included in EIA/EMP Report in the form Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District-
of tabular chart with financial budget for complying with Deoghar (Jharkhand).
the commitments made. Minutes of public hearing is attached as
Annexures- V
20. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any No litigation pending against the
direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project & project proponent.
project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has
the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections
of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of
the case.
21. Plan for Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) as Budget allocation for CER activities
specified under Ministry’s Office Memorandum vide F. will be spent 74.4 Lakhs for plan
No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 1st May 2018 shall be period.
prepared and submitted along with EIA Report.
22. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of Complied.
above ToRs.
=======*******======
30
CHAPTER - II
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT
This project is an integrated municipal solid waste management project and proposed for the
setting up of processing facilities and sanitary landfill. The proposed project is planned in
accordance to the solid waste management rules 2016 and it consists of waste collection
system, segregation facility, Aerobic Composting, Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) facility for
recovery of high calorific value of waste and Landfill facility.
The current municipal waste management practice in Deoghar and surrounding ULBs does
not comply following (a) unmanaged and insufficient primary and secondary collection, (b)
there is no segregation of waste, (c) most waste dumped in open areas, (d) there is no
recovery of resources from waste before disposal and (e) indiscriminate dumping and no
sanitary landfill.
2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

Govt. of India has launched Swachh Bharat Mission to improve the environment, sanitation
condition, and SWM services etc. in all ULB of India. Municipal solid waste management is the
need of the day to keep the city clean and improve the hygienic condition and environment of
the town.
There is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for the natural
decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore they are
prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides becoming
breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause unsanitary
condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime requirement in
the area.
2.3 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT
The proposed MSW disposal site is situated at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723,
723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana number 242, Khata No 58, District-
Deoghar, Jharkhand. Location Map, Google Image & Key plan is given Figure No-2.1 to 2.3.
31
TABLE NO-2.1 COORDINATE OF THE PROPOSED AREA

S No Latitude Longitude
1 24°32'39.28"N 86°41'47.39"E
2 24°32'39.67"N 86°41'48.42"E
3 24°32'39.94"N 86°41'49.97"E
4 24°32'39.61"N 86°41'52.54"E
5 24°32'39.97"N 86°41'53.63"E
6 24°32'40.20"N 86°41'54.47"E
7 24°32'40.71"N 86°41'55.17"E
8 24°32'39.30"N 86°41'56.02"E
9 24°32'39.06"N 86°41'57.21"E
10 24°32'33.08"N 86°41'54.37"E
11 24°32'26.84"N 86°41'52.22"E
12 24°32'28.16"N 86°41'48.89"E
13 24°32'28.54"N 86°41'45.60"E
14 24°32'29.14"N 86°41'44.61"E
15 24°32'30.19"N 86°41'41.49"E
16 24°32'31.04"N 86°41'41.25"E
17 24°32'33.15"N 86°41'42.94"E
18 24°32'33.90"N 86°41'43.27"E
19 24°32'33.92"N 86°41'44.13"E
20 24°32'34.00"N 86°41'44.56"E
21 24°32'33.76"N 86°41'45.85"E
22 24°32'32.25"N 86°41'45.72"E
23 24°32'32.20"N 86°41'47.20"E
24 24°32'32.32"N 86°41'47.43"E
25 24°32'33.62"N 86°41'48.46"E
26 24°32'31.93"N 86°41'50.14"E
27 24°32'30.42"N 86°41'49.99"E
28 24°32'30.34"N 86°41'51.01"E
29 24°32'32.45"N 86°41'50.77"E
30 24°32'33.28"N 86°41'50.88"E
31 24°32'33.36"N 86°41'50.68"E
32 24°32'35.56"N 86°41'51.04"E
33 24°32'36.22"N 86°41'51.49"E
34 24°32'37.09"N 86°41'49.39"E
35 24°32'37.51"N 86°41'48.57"E
36 24°32'38.10"N 86°41'47.99"E
32
S No Latitude Longitude
A 24°32'23.56"N 86°41'50.66"E
B 24°32'25.48"N 86°41'46.29"E
C 24°32'23.49"N 86°41'44.56"E
D 24°32'21.37"N 86°41'49.76"E
FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE AREA
33
FIGURE 2.2: LOCATION MAP
34
FIGURE 2.3: KEY PLAN OF THE AREA
35
TABLE 2.2: COMPLIANCES OF SELECTED LANDFILL AS PER SWM RULES, 2016

Criteria for landfill site Required as per SWM Actual Position
Rule 2016
Design Life Period 20-25 years More than 20 years
Distance from River >100 Mtrs No river flowing within 100 m from the
project boundary
Distance from Pond >200 Mtrs Not applicable
Distance from Highway >200 Mtrs Distance of highway is more than 200
m from the project boundary
Distance from >200 Mtrs No habitation is settled within 200m
Habitation from the project boundary
Distance from Public >200 Mtrs No public park exit in 200m from the
Parks project boundary
Distance from Water >200 Mtrs No any water supply well was
supply wells observed within 200m from the
project boundary
Water table* 2 m from bottom liner Criteria complied
of landfill
Earthquake zone* 500 m from fault line The project district comes under
fracture seismic zone III.
Airport/Airbase >20Kms Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE
10-20 Kms. direction from project site.
Floodplains (100 Yrs.) Not Allowed Not Applicable
Zone of Coastal Not Allowed
Regulations
Wetland Not Allowed
Critical Habitat Area Not Allowed
Sensitive Eco Fragile Not Allowed
Area
General Conditions: EIA EIA Notification 2006; Yes, the project falls under interstate
Notification Requirement boundary of Bihar which is distance
2006;Project is category about 2.65 km in NNW direction from
A if project site.
Protected Area under >10 Kms Not Applicable
Wildlife
Critically Polluted Area >10 Kms Not Applicable
under CPCB
36
Criteria for landfill site Required as per SWM Actual Position

Rule 2016
Notified Eco Sensitive >10 Kms Not Applicable
Area
Interstate Boundaries or >10 Kms Bihar state border is at distance of 2.65
International km in NNW from proposed project
Boundaries boundary.
2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

The site proposed for compost plant and sanitary landfill is spread over an area of 23.56 Acre.
The compost plant based on windrow technology will be installed with a Processing facility of
200 TPD (Capacity of Aerobic Compost Plant-90TPD + Capacity of RDF Processing Plant– 110
TPD) and the sanitary landfill facility will be developed for 20 years of operational life.
2.4.1 Current Scenario of municipal solid waste management;-

The city administration has divided Deogarh town in 36 wards. Total waste generated in the
city is approximately 87.48 MT with per capita waste generation of approximately 349.69
gram and sweeping silt is around 7.14 MT. Waste generated in the city include waste from
residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, construction and demolition waste and street
sweeping waste. As of now, door to door waste collection of waste has been started only in
two wards i.e. ward number 13 and 14 and approximate households covered in these wards is
20% only. The scenario where no door to door collection system in place, the number of 2.5
cum dustbins required for 100% storage of waste generated within city area. Deoghar Nagar
Nigam has 144 numbers of such containers out of them 75 to 80% are old and cannot be used
further. In absence of door to door collection and proper waste storage facility, people usually
throw the waste in open areas, roads or vacant plots as can be seen in photographs.
37
TABLE- 2.3 WARD WISE PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION

Year Population Waste generation
2011 203123 66.41
2017 246948 88.26
2021 276165 102.85
2022 286372 107.95
2027 337411 134.86
2031 378241 158.06
2032 392343 165.74
2037 462849 206.04
2041 519254 240.59
2042 538761 252.08
2047 636293 312.17
2051 714319 363.44
TABLE- 2.4 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SWM SYSTEM IN DEOGHAR

Components Status/Remark
Municipal waste generation 87.48 MT & 7.47 MT silt
Per capita waste generation 349.69 gram
Door to door waste collection No
Waste segregation No
Waste collection vehicles Tractors & Auto Tippers
Waste Disposal Open Dumping
Number of Workers engaged in 350
SWM & Road Sweeping
Street Sweeping Twice in a day in main areas
Waste Collection Frequency Once in a day from major
roads
38
2.4.2 Analysis of Issues in current system and Status of Compliance to SWM Rules:-
(A) STEP -1st
 Prohibit littering of waste on the streets and storage of waste at source:-The Municipal
Authority has not yet prohibited littering of waste on the streets. The collection of waste
from the door step is also just started only in 2 wards. Only 10% to 15% population stores
the waste at source to put the waste in the nearby bin.
 Segregation of Recyclable Wastes-No Special efforts are made by the Municipal Authority to
educate the citizens to segregate recyclable waste. Traditionally, segregation of recyclable
waste is partially practiced by households/commercial establishments for sale to Kabadiwalas
(waste purchasers). Rest of the recyclable material is disposed of by the residents along with
domestic waste in a mixed form. This waste finds its way on the streets, in the drains, dumping
grounds, etc. from where rag pickers collect the waste to earn their livelihood. Recyclable
waste is generally found mixed with domestic waste. The compliance in regard to segregation
of recyclable waste is thus NIL.
(B) STEP 2 - Primary Collections:-

The collection of waste from the door step is also just started only in 2 wards. Although the
target of start door to door collection in all 36 wards. Only some 10% people do deposit the
waste at the waste storage depot.
39
(C) STEP 3 - Street Sweeping:-

Street sweeping in main areas and important roads is done twice a day. But the percentage of
these roads to the total road length is not more than 15% in remaining areas the work of
cleaning of streets is not being done regularly on account of inadequacy of sanitary workers
and supervisors.
(D) STEP 4 - Secondary Storage Waste storage depots:-

Deoghar Nagar Nigam has 140 numbers of big containers of 2.5 cum capacity. Out of these 140
dustbins, more than 80% are damaged. Whereas dustbins required for 100% storage of waste
generated within city area would be 200 approximately. The city has introduced 240 liter and
100 liter twin bin litter bins as well for the secondary storage of waste without
synchronization with primary collection.
(E) STEP 5 - Transportation of Waste

Transportation work is not scientifically designed. Municipal Authority has introduced bins
but has not synchronized the primary collection with secondary storage with the result the
waste is initially deposited on the ground and later manually loaded in the vehicles. Open
tractors are used for transportation of waste. The transportation work is not carried out on all
days of the year resulting in accumulation of waste and consequent backlog.
TABLE-2.5 EXISTING VEHICLES AND TRIP DETAILS
Types of No. of vehicles Trips Made Waste Lifted

vehicles in MT
Total Functional Out of
order
Tractor Trolley
20 18 2 3 60
Auto tipper
7 7 0 3 to 4 9
Dumper placer
2 1 1 3 to 4 6
40
(F) STEP 6 - Waste processing:-

The city does not have any facility for processing of municipal solid waste. The entire waste is
disposed of at the dumping grounds untreated.
(G) STEP 7 - Disposal of Waste:-

Presently the waste is being disposed of unscientifically.
41
TABLE- 2.6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

Weighted Commercial & Vegetable Shop,
Categories HIG MIG LIG
Average Institutional Restaurants etc
% weight % weight % weight % weight % weight %
Particulars
weight in Kg weight in Kg weight in Kg weight in Kg weight in Kg weight
wooden
1.2 1.6 1.61 0 0 2.4 2.89 0 0 1 1.89
pieces
paper 6.8 6.2 6.25 4.4 5.11 4 4.81 5.2 11.43 2.5 4.72
textile 2.1 2 2.02 2 2.32 1 1.2 2 4.4 0 0
thermo 2.5 0 0 1.6 1.86 0 0 3 6.59 1.5 2.83
Cole
coconut
shell/cocon 2.2 2 2.02 0 0 0 0 2.1 4.62 2 3.77
ut hair
dry leave 4.5 5.6 5.65 4.6 5.34 3 3.61 1 2.2 3.5 6.6
green 3.9 4 4.03 6.2 7.2 2 2.41 1.5 3.3 1.5 2.83
matter
concrete
/stone 2 0 0 0 0 2.4 2.89 2 4.4 1 1.89
sand/soil/ 17.8 16 16.13 22 25.55 22 26.47 6 13.19 5 9.43
dust/ earth
metal 1.3 2 2.02 0.4 0.46 0 0 1.5 3.3 0 0
brick 0.9 1 1.01 0 0 1.6 1.93 0 0 1 1.89
glass 3.3 4 4.03 2.6 3.02 3 3.61 2 4.4 0.5 0.94
rubber/ 2 2.02 1.6 1.86 4.8 5.78 0 0 0 0
leather 1.8
kitchen 13.6 22 22.18 18.5 21.49 15.8 19.01 3.5 7.69 0 0
waste
ceramic 0.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.6 3.52 0
p.v.c / 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4.4 0
pipes
plastics 2.8 2 2.02 1.8 2.09 2.1 2.53 2.8 6.15 0 0
polyethyle 5.7 5.6 5.65 4.8 5.57 3.4 4.09 3.8 8.35 2 3.77
ne
vegetable 16.8 14 14.11 10 11.61 10 12.03 3 6.59 22.5 42.45
dry matter, 8 8.06 5.6 6.5 5.6 6.74 2.5 5.49 9 16.98
straw 8.6
99.8 99.2 100 86.1 99.98 83.1 100 45.5 100.0 53 99.99
2
42
TABLE- 2.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

Parameter Composition (%)
Vegetable
Commercial
Weighted HIG MIG LIG Shop,
&
Average Restaurants
Institutional
etc
Biodegradables -
Food, Vegetable etc 30.4 36.29 33.1 31.04 14.28 42.45
Biodegradables - dry 22.6 23.39 21.36 16.85 20.01 32.07
Recyclables - Paper 9.3 6.25 6.97 4.81 18.02 7.55
Recyclables - Plastics 9.5 7.67 7.66 6.62 18.9 3.77
Metal 1.3 2.02 0.46 0 3.3 0
Inerts- sand, brick
pieces etc 21.6 17.14 25.55 31.29 21.11 13.21
Others 5.1 6.05 4.88 9.39 4.4 0.94
Bulk Density (kg/m) 293.7 345 340 355 157 315

Moisture (%) 32.8 36.8 34.1 31.3 21.2 44
Gross Calorific Value
( kCal / Kg) 1076 1120 1025 850 1350 950
C/N Ratio 35.5 30.8 32 26.8 56.9 34.3
43
TABLE- 2.8 WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION

Waste Generation
Ward 2017 2027 2037
Domestic Domestic Domestic
Commercial Total Commercial Total Commercial Total
1 1.326 1.807 3.133 2.044 2.786 4.830 3.123 4.256 7.379
2 1.305 1.162 2.467 2.012 1.791 3.803 3.074 2.736 5.810
3 1.376 0.490 1.866 2.121 0.755 2.876 3.241 1.153 4.394
4 1.352 0.363 1.715 2.084 0.560 2.645 3.185 0.856 4.040
5 1.413 0.634 2.048 2.179 0.978 3.156 3.329 1.494 4.822
6 1.415 0.120 1.535 2.182 0.185 2.367 3.333 0.282 3.616
7 1.301 0.311 1.612 2.006 0.479 2.486 3.066 0.732 3.798
8 1.353 0.998 2.351 2.085 1.539 3.624 3.186 2.352 5.537
9 1.393 0.771 2.163 2.147 1.188 3.335 3.280 1.816 5.096
10 1.381 0.626 2.007 2.129 0.966 3.095 3.253 1.476 4.729
11 1.375 0.306 1.681 2.120 0.472 2.592 3.239 0.722 3.961
12 1.334 3.485 4.819 2.057 5.373 7.430 3.143 8.209 11.352
13 1.342 1.142 2.484 2.068 1.761 3.829 3.160 2.690 5.850
14 1.339 0.525 1.864 2.065 0.810 2.874 3.154 1.237 4.391
15 1.352 0.467 1.818 2.084 0.719 2.803 3.184 1.099 4.282
16 1.346 0.438 1.783 2.074 0.675 2.749 3.169 1.031 4.200
17 1.322 0.719 2.041 2.038 1.109 3.147 3.114 1.694 4.807
18 1.342 2.086 3.427 2.068 3.216 5.284 3.160 4.913 8.073
19 1.330 5.161 6.491 2.050 7.958 10.007 3.132 12.157 15.289
20 1.353 5.935 7.289 2.086 9.150 11.236 3.187 13.980 17.167
21 1.428 1.041 2.469 2.201 1.604 3.806 3.363 2.451 5.814
22 1.393 0.728 2.122 2.148 1.123 3.271 3.282 1.715 4.997
23 1.432 0.611 2.042 2.207 0.941 3.148 3.372 1.438 4.810
24 1.431 1.159 2.590 2.206 1.786 3.992 3.371 2.729 6.100
25 1.423 0.579 2.002 2.195 0.892 3.086 3.353 1.363 4.715
26 1.380 0.575 1.954 2.127 0.886 3.013 3.250 1.354 4.604
27 1.353 0.359 1.713 2.086 0.554 2.640 3.187 0.847 4.034
28 1.300 0.481 1.781 2.004 0.741 2.745 3.062 1.133 4.194
29 1.412 0.798 2.210 2.177 1.230 3.408 3.326 1.880 5.206
30 1.345 0.435 1.780 2.074 0.670 2.744 3.168 1.024 4.192
31 1.327 1.004 2.331 2.046 1.548 3.594 3.127 2.364 5.491
32 1.346 1.030 2.376 2.076 1.587 3.663 3.171 2.425 5.596
33 1.382 0.752 2.135 2.131 1.160 3.291 3.256 1.772 5.028
34 1.401 0.099 1.500 2.160 0.153 2.313 3.301 0.233 3.534
35 1.347 0.491 1.838 2.077 0.757 2.834 3.174 1.156 4.330
36 1.370 0.663 2.033 2.112 1.022 3.134 3.227 1.561 4.788
Total 49.12 38.35 87.47 75.73 59.12 134.85 115.70 90.33 206.03
44
2.4.3 Proposed land breakup for solid waste management facility

The proposed municipal solid waste management facility is planned. Details of the land
breakup for present and for catering the future need are given in below-
TABLE 2.9 LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY

S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in acres Area in %
1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7
2. Platform area 5059 1.25 5.3
3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2
4. Plantation area 32111 7.93 33.7
5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5
6. Reserved for Septage 12990 3.21 13.6
management plant
Total 95343 95364 23.56
45
FIGURE- 2.4 LAYOUT MAP OF THE AREA
46
2.4.4 Man power requirement

During construction phase- 45 persons will be employed. During operational phase- 15-16 on
site (about 200-250 temporary employees will be hired for primary collection, transportation
and miscellaneous jobs.
2.4.5 Water requirement

The water will be sourced from PHED water supply. During Construction phase 5KLD Fresh
water will be required & during Operational phase about 18.5KLD water will be required.
TABLE 2.10 WATER REQUIREMENT
S.N. Utility Water requirement Waste water Remarks
(In KLD) generation
(In KLD)
1 Domestic 1.0 0.8 Sent to septic
tank/soak pit
2 Floor washing /Vehicle 5.0 4.5 Treated in ETP
maintenance shed
3 Process water 8.0 4.5 Recirculate in
process
4 Green belt 2.5 -
5 Dust suppression 2.0 -
Total 18.5 9.8
Total fresh water requirement 10.0 KLD
Total recycle of water 8.5 KLD
47
FIGURE- 2.5 WATER FLOW DIAGRAM
2.4.6 Power requirement
The details of the power and fuel required for running DG sets for emergency use during power
Failure is given in below-
Details Capacity Remarks
Power Requirement 280 KVA Source- supplied from JVVNL
48
2.5 COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN

India is the second fastest growing economy and the second most populated country in the
world. The population of India is expected to increase from 1,029 million to 1,400 million
during the period 2001–2026, an increase of 36% in 26 years, at the rate of 3.35% annually
(Census of India, 2011). The level of urbanization of the country has increased from
17.35% to 31.2% in the last 60 years and is expected that as much as 50% of Indian
population will live in cities in next 10 years (Census of India, 2011). The MSW amount is
expected to increase significantly in the near future as the country strives to attain an
industrialized nation status by the year 2020. Improper management of municipal solid
waste (MSW) causes hazards to inhabitants.
Collection and transportation (C&T) is the most important component of the SWM
operations and requires active involvement of citizens, RWAs (Residents Welfare
Association S) and the support from ULBs. Besides introduction of latest equipment and
vehicles for minimum handling of waste and awareness creation has key role in developing
model system for C&T considering following:
Promotion of the practice of source segregation

 Door to door collection with community participation.
 Minimize the multiple handling of waste.
 Improvement in the productivity of labour and equipment.
 An organized and hierarchical system for C&T system.
 Containerized secondary storage facilities in place of open storage.
 Daily transportation of waste to the processing facility.
 Vehicle tracking & monitoring using GPS/GPRS and latest IT services.
 Customer care and timely complaint redressed.
49
TABLE- 2.11 MANAGEMENT SCHEME FOR PROPOSED PROJECT

S. No. Purpose Proposed Vehicle/Equipment
1 Primary Collection & Auto/Mini-Tippers

Transportation
2 Secondary Collection Points Fixed/Portable Type Compacting
Transfer Stations
3 Secondary Transportation Refuse Compactors & Hook Loaders
4 For market places Underground Bins, Litter bins
50
FIGURE 2.6 COLLECTIONS, TRANSPORTATION, TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL MODEL
51
Waste collection, transportations and disposal are interrelated functional elements of solid
waste management system. It is essential to segregate waste into different fractions,
commonly referred to as primary segregation. Segregation of MSW needs to be linked to
primary collection of waste from the doorstep and given high priority. The fractions into
which the waste has to be segregated in detail should be based on waste characterization.
This is referred to as the three-bin system. Apart from these wastes horticulture waste,
construction and demolition and sanitary waste should store and collected separately.
FIGURE 2.7 THREE BINS SYSTEM FOR SEGREGATION AT SOURCE
52
Waste collection service is divided into primary and secondary collection.

Primary collection refers to the process of collecting waste from households, markets,
institutions, and other commercial establishments and taking the waste to a storage depot
or transfer station or directly to the disposal site, depending on the size of the city and the
prevalent waste management system.
FIGURE 2.8 PRIMARY COLLECTION
Secondary collection includes picking up waste from community bins, waste storage depots,
or transfer stations and transporting it to waste processing sites or to the final disposal site.
Primary collection must be introduced both in small and large towns and cities. Secondary
collection systems are necessary in all cities and towns for collection of waste in the
community bins or at the secondary waste storage depots or at decentralized sorting centres
by sanitation workers for onward transportation of waste to processing and disposal facilities.
53
FIGURE 2.9 SECONDARY COLLECTION
Transportation of waste from collection centres to processing or final disposal site is very
important step for solid waste management system and for this purpose; suitable vehicles
and equipment’s are required. A well synchronized primary and secondary collection
and transportation system is essential to avoid containers’ overflow and waste littering
on streets. Further, the transport vehicles should not only be able to transport segregated
waste, but also be compatible with the equipment design at the waste storage depot to
avoid multiple handling of waste.
54
2.5.1 Major Components of the Project Scope

 Complete management of generated MSW, including residential, commercial,
institutional, hotels, restaurants, markets, marriage garden, parks, dead animals,
non-hazardous industrial waste etc.
 Procuring equipment, plant and machinery required for carrying out the project
activities, including Door-to-Door waste Collection, segregation and Transportation
of MSW generated within the project area.
 Daily Primary and Secondary Collection of MSW generated within the Project Area,
including MSW from residential (Door-to-Door Collection), commercial,
institutional, market places, etc., as per the definition of MSW in this Agreement, in
compliance with MSW Rules.
 Primary Collection of MSW to be promoted in a segregated manner in compliance
with MSW Rules.
 Construction and O&M (Operation & Maintenance) of transfer stations/temporary
waste storage facilities, as the case maybe, for handling of waste at allocated lands.
 The MSW collection and transportation system should preferably be designed as a-
(a) System in which the waste from Primary Collection vehicles is directly
transferred to primary collection bins/temporary waste storage
facilities/transfer stations for household waste;
(b) System in which community bins are provided for direct collection of other
waste such as waste from street sweeping, commercial places, garden waste,
vegetable markets etc;
(c) System in which the waste in primary collection bins/ temporary waste
storage facilities/community bins/transfer stations should be cleared once
on daily basis or more frequently if needed.
(d) System in which all the collection and transportation vehicles are deployed
with GPS/ RFID tags to detect tempering, track and monitor the vehicles and
hence efficiently plan the routing and resources for transportation system.
55
 Transportation of collected MSW generated within project area in compliance

with MSW Rules.
 Obtaining of all necessary statutory consent and clearances required for
implementation of the Project and maintaining thereon as per Applicable Laws.
 Carrying out IEC (Information, Education and Communication) campaign to
sensitize citizens about their role in achieving the objectives of the Project.
 Ensuring Employee Health and Safely (EHS) compliance during the entire
project duration, including the Implementation Period and ISWM Operations
Period.
 Any other terms and conditions specified in the Signed Concession Agreement.
Key Objectives of the Project:-

 To implement the project in accordance with rules and regulations mentioned
in the MSW (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016.
 To ensure segregation of waste at source of waste generation in 'wet', 'dry' and
‘domestic hazardous’.
 To achieve 3 R's rules of Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste through awareness.
 To make use of waste as 'resource' so that only rejects needs to be transported to
SLF.
 To ensure separate collection and transportation of different types of waste and
prevent mixing.
 To build a strong monitoring system through advance MIS (Management
Information System) system.
 To ensure accountability of waste management services for citizens through
effective GIS tracking and effective customer complaint system.
56
The Collection & Transportation operations will ensure that the following is
achieved:-
 Waste minimization and reduction at source.
 Door to door collection of waste from all residential, commercial,
institutional establishments in covered vehicles in compliance with MSW
Rules 2016 and in accordance with SLB for MSW.
 Covered Bins for secondary collection in compliance with MSW Rules 2016.
 Secondary collection and transportation in covered vehicles in compliance
with MSW Rules 2000/2016.
 Covered waste transfer/storage facilities in compliance with MSW
Rules 2016 and CPCB/SPCB norms, if required.
2.6 TECHNOLOGY & PROCESS DETAILS

The process adopted for Processing of municipal solid waste at Deoghar involves conversion
of bio-degradable fraction of waste into compost through windrow composting method and
conversion of Fuel Grade fluffy material like soiled paper, cardboard, dry leaves, packaging
into Refused Derived Material.
Considering the quantity of solid waste generation in the project area, it is proposed to
establish a 200 TPD waste processing including-
a) 1 Number Pre-segregation unit of 200 TPD capacity to segregate waste

into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF)
b) an aerobic composting plant to process 90 TPD of Bio-degradable material
c) A RDF processing plant of capacity 110 TPD
57
Estimation of Design Capacities of Waste Processing Plant
Waste Generation in Design Year (2032) 165.73 MT
Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on 31.25 MT

Normal Days (Normal inflow of devotes=125000, waste
generation per person=250 gm)
Additional Waste Generation during Shrawan Mela on 62.5 MT

Peak Days i.e. Sunday and Monday (Normal inflow of
devotes=250000, waste generation per person=250 gm)
Peak waste generation during Normal days of Shrawan 196.98 MT
mela in 2037
Maximum waste generation during Peak days of Shrawan 228.23 MT
mela in 2037
Adopted capacity of plant 200 MT
Deoghar city has a great religious importance and is visited by a very large number of
devotees/ pilgrims in the months of July- August to participate in SHRAVAN MELA. This
number runs into over 2 lac people visiting the city in a single day during the festive
season.
58
2.6.1 Overview of Process Flow Chart-

Based on the waste characteristics, proposed process consists of dry fermentation
composting (aerobic digestion), RDF. The flow chart of the process is shown in figure
below.
FIGURE 2.10 PROCESS FLOWCHART
Reception of raw MSW
Unloading of MSW
Weightment
Visual inspection of waste
Addition of sanitizer
Manual sorting of inert
Loading of material on to moving

floor feeder of pre-processing
section
Screening in 75 mm trommel
screen
> 75mm – FOR < 75 mm FOR RDF

COMPOSTING PLANT PLANT
COMPOSTING RDF
59
2.6.2 Process Description of Waste Processing

1st step in waste processing is to receive waste and its segregation into two different stream i.e.
compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).
(A) REFUSED DERIVED FUEL
The conversion process of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF)
involves the following processes:
 Homogenization
 Size Reduction
 Drying
 Segregation
 Densification (only for storage / transportation to long distance)
The particle size of MSW varies widely and it is difficult to handle MSW unless the particle
size is homogenized. The MSW after inspection is fed into a Pre-segregation system to
segregate waste into two different stream i.e. compost and Refused Derived Fuel (RDF).
Pre segregation of waste involves segregation into -75 mm fraction (Predominantly bio-
degradable) and + 75 mm (Pre-dominantly fuel grade material). Approx. 55% of MSW will
be of particle size more than 75 mm and balance 45% of MSW will be of particle size less
than 75 mm.
The Fraction (-75) mm will primarily contain organic matter and would be carried away to
windrow composting section.
The Fraction (+ 75 mm) fed to manual sorting Conveyor to remove large size objects and
subsequently fed to Dryer.
MSW in the Deoghar has been generally found to have high moisture content even during
non-rainy days and requires drying to produce RDF with reasonable heating value. MSW
will be fed by conveyors into a Rotary Dryer where wet MSW will be dried by injecting hot
air into it to reduce its moisture content from 35 - 40% to 15-18%. The hot air is generated
in a fixed grate specially designed Hot Air Generator (HAG) where woody biomass
extracted from MSW is combusted with suitable pollution control equipment like cyclone
separator and chimney.
60
MSW coming out of the Rotary Dryer is fed into the Rotary Trommel to separate the fines
below 5 mm particle size. The fine fraction separated with organic matter in it has been found
useful as garden manure.
The heavy non-combustible fractions of MSW like stones, glass etc. are separated by passing
through the specially developed Air Density Separator or Air Classifier in which the light
combustibles and dense fractions are separated. In the Dense fraction stream, manual
separation takes place to separate dense combustibles like woody biomass, large textiles etc.
for firing in the Hot Air Generator.
Before the MSW is fed into the Air Density Separator, one more Magnetic Separation takes
place to separate balance ferrous fraction from the feed.
After Density separation, the output is fed into in a Primary Shredder. Before the feed goes
into the Primary Shredder, it passes through a Magnetic Separator to separate ferrous
materials mixed with MSW. The light combustible fraction (paper/biomass/textiles etc.) thus
separated is called Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) Fluff having calorific value of 2500 kcal/kg
with 15% moisture and 15% ash.
Properties of RDF Fluff
Shape : Irregular
Size : Irregular
Bulk density : 100 x 100 mm
Proximate analysis
Moisture : 10 % - 20 %
Ash content : 10 % - 20 %
Volatile matter : 40 % - 60 %
Fixed carbon : 10 % - 20 %
61
Ultimate analysis
Moisture : 10 % - 20 %
Mineral matter : 15 % - 25 %
Carbon : 35 % - 40 %
Hydrogen : 5 % - 8 %
Nitrogen : 1 % - 1.5 %
Sulphur : 0.2 % - 0.5 %

Oxygen : 25 % - 30 %
TABLE NO-2.12 LIST OF PLANT & MACHINERY AND OTHERS

Equip Equipment Name Capacity per equip.
No (TPH)
1 Slat Conveyor 15
2 Inclined Conveyor 15
3 Manual Sorting Conveyor 15
3A Recyclable storage container/area 2
3B Bottle storage container 1
3C Heavy inert discharge 5
4 Blower
5 Slat Conveyor 15
6 Dryer feed inclined conveyor 15
7 Bio-clave type dryer 15
8 Slat Conveyor 15
9 Fine Trommel feed inclined conveyor 15
10 Fine Trommel (-10 mm) 15
11 Slat Conveyor 12
12 ADS feeding Inclined conveyor 12
13 ADS with Cyclone 12
13A Heavies discharge Conveyor 4
62
B1 Bin for collection

14 Fluff discharge Conveyor 6
11 Shredder feeding conveyor with magnetic 6
separator
12 Shredder 6
13 Air Compressor
(B) WINDROW COMPOSTING

Fraction (- 75 mm) will primarily contain organic matter and would be processed through
windrow composting section. A detail of technology is provided in subsequent paragraphs.
Aerobic Windrow Composting-
This is the most practical, energy conserving and least cost technology option for recovery of
value added organic fertilizer from the biomass. The technology is suitable for tropical,
subtropical and arid climatic conditions.
The recovered products i.e. organic compost will be of special importance to improve the
productivity of soil and reduce incidence of insects and diseases in crop plants.
KEY FEATURES OF TECHNOLOGY:-

1. Waste is sanitized with herbal extracts.
2. It is bio stabilised with enzymes.
3. Rapidly fermented in compressed time cycle.
4. MSW is processed through mechanical methods.
5. Various grades of compost are recovered for use under different soil/crop Conditions as per
requirement.
6. Over 90% organic waste which is main pollutant is utilised fully.
7. The natural carbon energy is put to use for further plant growth.
8. Space required as per details given table.
63
The above Process will result into-

In the simplified design, which has become increasingly popular in India as per MSW Rule
2000, the steps are as follows:-
 Transportation of raw material / feed to the compost pad.
 Material after pre-sorting of recyclables is deposited directly in the windrow area
after inspection.
 Stacking of the material in windrows, hand sorting of large items.
 Regular turning of windrows (0-7 days interval) using front end loader or a skid
steer loader.
 Screening of the stabilized material after 35 days.
 Curing for further 7 days.
 Packing and Storage.
 Removal and disposal of residual waste at the designated site (this part is still
neglected resulting in an unclean surrounding at the compost plant).
TABLE: 2.13- QUALITY STANDARDS OF COMPOST PRODUCED (AS PER SMW RULE,
2016)
Parameters Maximum Acceptable Concentration

parts per million (PPM)
A *B
Arsenic 10.00 20
Cadmium 5.00 20
Chromium 50.00 300
Copper 300.00 500
Lead 100.00 100
Mercury 0.15 10
64
Nickel 50.00 100
Zinc 1000.00 250

0
C / N ratio 20-40 15-
20
pH 5.5-8.5 6.5 to 7.5
Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits should not be
used for food crops. However, it may be utilized for purposes other than growing food
crops.
THE PROCESS IN BRIEF:-
The fraction of 75 mm Solid waste coming out of pre-processing section is sent to windrow
pad for decomposition than sprayed with inoculants and water (from maintaining desired
moisture level) and the treated garbage will be stacked in the form of a windrow. Separate
windrows will be formed for each day’s collection. The reject coming out of the pre-
cleaning section is passed on to a sorting belt. Where the organic material, if any coming
out with the reject is sorted and then sent back to windrow found with the garbage. These
windrows will turned once in a week for proper aeration, so that aerobic process continues
uninterrupted. First stage of composting will be completed within 30-35 days.
After this the digested garbage is transferred to the rain shed where further digestion will
take place. From here the digested garbage will be fed by a feeder into the course
segregation section consists of series trammel which separate the digested garbage on the
basis of size. Each trammel is sent to landfill site directly. The reject coming out of the
second and third screen can be sent back to windrows for further digestion.
Material coming out of the last screen is transferred through a series of conveyor to curing
area, where further curing of the digested garbage (compost) lakes place. Various nutrients
such as rock phosphate etc. can be added to the compost therefore enhancing the quality of
the finished product. This material is then fed into a drag chain feeder, which transfers it to
65
a rotary screen through a bucket elevator; this rotary screen separates the material on the
basis of size. So that the digested compost coming out of it is acceptable in the market.
Screened material coming out of the rotary screen is fed to a gravity separator, which
separates materials such as Glass, metal etc. from the compost.
The reject material coming out of the rotary screen can be sent back to the curing area for
further digestion, compost, free from all major external impurities will be lifted through
another bucket elevator and discharged into a add- mixer and inoculums containing
various useful microbes like Azetobactor, PSB, Rhizobium and micro nutrients etc. will be
sprayed into the mixer inquired proportion for enriching the compost enriched organic
manure, which will have 20 – 25% moisture, is then weighed and packed and distributed.
Samples will be drawn at regular intervals from different stages for quality control.
Preferably as it is fast, exothermic and free form odour. Aerobic also help to eliminate
Pathogenic bacteria weed seeds, larvas etc. as a result of high temperature developed
during the process.
Design capacity of compost plant

Design capacity of compost plant is adopted as 90 TPD per day in 8 hours shift.
Gen. Technical Specification of Compost Plant-

(i) Windrow Platform-
Appropriate yard management is the first important step towards successful operation of
compost plant.
A. Compost windrow Pad – It is a non-permeable concrete platform where Windrows
of the waste are formed to accomplish composting process. Waste coming to the
Compost Pad is sprayed with inoculums and water to accelerate the digestion
66
process. This waste is then stacked in a form of Windrows. The cross section of the
windrows is so adjusted that it would get optimum surface area to volume ratio.
B. Digestion – A windrow will be kept at the same place for 7 days and aerobic
conditions will be maintained to aid in digestion process.
C. Turning – On every 7th day the windrow is turned to an adjacent location using
backhoe unit. After two turnings sanitization and decomposition phase of the fresh
garbage is over. Every day there will be one windrow which requires shifting to
Monsoon Shed and two windrows which requires turning.
(ii) Monsoon Shed
Material after digestion needs further stabilization and lose of moisture so that it can be
segregated in to different fractions. Also this shed protects feed material from rain. A
monsoon shed to accommodate the last seven days waste on windrow of size 168X10 m i.e.
1680 Sqm is required.
(iii) Coarse Segregation Section
Waste coming from the monsoon shed is lumpy, heterogeneous and slightly moist. This
section comprises of Trommel Screen which due to its cascading action helps loosening the
lumps and screen the waste efficiently.
Trommel- 35 – This is first screen in the section. It rejects the material having the overall
size of more than 35 mm. Organic material which is by now digested, break down in to
pieces and screen out of the Trommel. Screened material coming out of the Trommel
contains mostly organic material and small size inorganic material. Rejection coming from
Trommel Screen mainly consists of plastics, textile etc. The rejected material coming out of
the Trommel Screen is discharged at an suitable height in order to facilitate material
movement. Heap of the rejected material formed on the rejection yard will be removed
periodically and can be sent to the Landfill site.
67
Trommel-16 – This screen further segregate the material having the overall size more
than 16 mm. Screened material coming out of this section is below 16mm, uniform in
texture and contains semi – stabilised organic compost . This material is used for further
processing in the refinement section but before that it is kept in the curing section for
further stabilisation. Rejection from Trommel mainly consists of undigested organic matter
and inert material .This material can be used as masks on the fresh garbage windrows. This
masking prevents bird attraction and also assists in digestion process.
(iv) Curing Section
Material coming out of the coarse segregation section is semi-stabilized and it requires
further stabilization. Furthermore it contains certain amount of surface moisture which
needs to be removed before refinement of the product.
Material coming out of the Coarse Segregation Section is conveyed through conveyors and
dropped at different locations in curing area. These conveyors are kept at a suitable height
to allow heap formation below the drop point or the heaps can be formed by back hoe
loader/JCB. These heaps are kept in the area for 3 to 5 days for further stabilization and are
occasionally stirred to provide aeration. The temperature within the heap may go upto as
high as 65 °C, so moisture content of the material reduces and final refinement becomes
easier. Here some quality enhancing additives like Rock Phosphate can be added to the
material.
(v) Refinement Section

Refinement section serves the purpose of final dressing of compost. Here we remove fine
impurities as sand pebbles small glass etc. This section includes;-
Trommel Screen 6/4 - This Screen rejects the material with overall size more than 6-4
mm. Screened material coming out of the screen is sent ahead for further processing
whereas rejected material which contains some undigested organic matter is sent to the
Grinding section.
68
Gravity Separator - Screened material coming out of the Rotary Screen is sent to the
gravity separator which removes the impurities such as glass, metals, sand, silica etc. from
the organic manure.
(vi) Packing & Storage
Packing – High quality organic manure is passed through a packing spout and final packing
of the product takes place. Material is packed in 50 kg bags and then weighed. Bags are
then stitched using a portable sewing machine.
Storage – Packed material is finally stacked in the finished goods go down by using carts.
TABLE: 3.14- LIST OF PLANT - MACHINE - EQUIPMENTS – COMPOST PLANT
S.No Particulars – Machines Remarks / purpose
A.BIO COMPOSTING
01 Chain belt conveyor for I trommel Screened material
conveying
02 Rotatory trommel I 50 mm dia Further separation of
medium size
03 Rejection conveyor I chain belt type To drop out rejects
04 Chain belt conveyor IInd trommel Screened material
conveying
05 Rotatory trommel II 16 mm dia For semi-finished compost
recovery
06 Rejection conveyor II chain belt type For dropping out of
pebbles, stones, ceramics
07 Chain belt conveyor III rd trommel Screened material
conveying
08 Rotatory trommel III 6 mm dia ( Hole size) For semi-finished compost
recovery
09 Rejection conveyor III belt type For dropping out of
pebbles, stones, ceramics
10 Magnetic separator with conveyor To remove Fe metals
11 Distribution chain conveyor to vibro sieves For regulated feeding to vibro

sieves
12 Density separator/De-stoner To recover final product from
semi- finished material
13 Rejection conveyor IV (electric power) For dropping outstand glass
14 Air separator – classifier along with electric To collect matter and
69
power discharge at batch mixer
15 Packing chute with hopper & belt feeding For filling compost
in HDPE bags
16 Dust collection & discharge device to be fixed on
major dust generations areas
ACCESSORIES
01 Electric panels with each trommel and attachment Regulatory control of power at each
set. trommel site.
02 Hydraulic system 25 HP electrical moter. To provide power to entire trommel
and attachment sets.
03 Bag stitching machines (nylon thread cone For bag stitching

operation).
04 Automatic bag filling machine (to be decided with Automatic bag filling with weighing
manufacturer / supplier for performance) accuracy.
05 Spray treatment motorized spray tanker of 3000 to For treatment waste

5000 lit capacity with stirrer – agitator
(C) SANITARY LANDFILL

Landfill design involves development of concept, adoption of suitable procedure and safety
considerations. Landfill is a typical combination of different component and each of these
components has to be designed separately. Before generating a complete design of sanitary
landfill, design concepts for each component has been developed. For this process standard
design procedure by CPHEEO Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, United States
Environmental Protection Agency’s Manual on Solid Waste Management (Subpart – D, Design
Criteria) and Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules have been adopted.
Design concepts for the following components have been developed
 Design life.
 Assessment of landfill volume and area required.
 Evaluation of concept development plan – Foot Print of Landfill Site.
 Assessment of leachate quantity.
 Design of leachate collection system.
 Design of liner system.
 Assessment of landfill gas generation.
 Design of final cover system
70
Design Life and Area Required -

Landfill development is planned in for 20 years that is for period 2017 to 2037.Total area
proposed for landfill cells is 61425 Sqm.
Assessment of Leachate Quantity-

Leachate refers to the liquid that has passed through or emerged from solid waste and
contains dissolved and suspended materials removed from the solid waste. The leachate
generation is primarily a function of precipitation and it is directly proportional to rainfall
intensity and surface area.
Leachate is basically generated by the following two means-
1. from active landfill area
2. after closure of landfill site
Leachate generation rate from active landfill area is estimated by the method suggested by
CPHEEO Manual.
Leachate Generation Rate, Qa = (C X I X A) / 1000 m3/day
Where, A = N X a
C = Coefficient of Runoff (0.95)
I = Rainfall Intensity
A = Effective Surface area of Operating Phase
N = Number of Days considered for Leachate Collection Sump Design
a = Surface Area of Exposed Area of Landfill
Leachate Generation Rate after Closure of Landfill Site-

After construction of final cover, only that water which can infiltrate through final cover
percolates through the waste and generates leachate. The major quantity of precipitation
will be converted to surface runoff. Leachate generation rate after closure of landfill is
estimated by the method suggested by CPHEEO Manual.
Leachate generation Rate, Qp = Vp – Vr – Ve – Vw m3/day
71
Where,
Vp = A X I
Vr = C X A X I
Ve = E x A and
Vp = Volume of Precipitation
Vr = Volume of Surface Runoff
Ve = Volume Lost through Evapotranspiration
Vw = Volume of Water Absorbed by the Waste
A = Exposed Surface Area of Landfill Site
C = Coefficient of Runoff
I = Intensity of Rainfall
E = Evapotranspiration Rate
Leachate generation from Landfill and compost windrow area. Peak leachate generation
rate works out to 1186.23 m3 /day during monsoon period. The leachate should be
collected in ‘leachate collection sump’ and will be partially recirculated to windrow and
landfill and balance pumped to leachate evaporation pond.
A. Leachate generation from active landfill
C = Coefficient of Percolation 0.95

I = Rainfall Intensity (Duration 5.34 hrs 13.07 mm/day
rainfall, frequency once a yr)
Duration of rainfall 5.34 Hrs
Effective Surface area of Operating Phase i.e. 9600.00 Sqm
one cell area (Inside of bund centre line)
Leachate generation/day 636.33 Cum/day
B. Leachate generation after closure
Area of Landfill Site 9600 Sqm

Coefficient of Runoff 0.95
Intensity of Rainfall 13.07 mm/day

Peak leachate generation rate 12.73 Cum
72
C. Windrow area
Waste receiving Area (58X30) 1740.00 Sqm

Windrow area (172X37) open 6364.00 Sqm
Total 8104.00 Sqm
Coefficient of Runoff 0.95
Intensity of Rainfall 13.07mm/hour
peak leachate generation rate from 537.17 Cum

windrow
Total leachate generation per day 1186.23 cum
Design of Leachate Collection System

The primary function of Leachate Collection System is to collect and convey leachate out of
the landfill unit and to control the depth of the leachate above the liner. The leachate
collection system should be designed to meet the hydraulic performance standard of
maintaining less than 30cm depth of leachate or head above liner, as suggested by USEPA
Manual. Flow of leachate through imperfections in the liner system increases with an
increase in leachate head above the liner. Maintaining a low leachate level above the liner
helps to improve the performance of the composite liners. The main components of
leachate collection system are-
 Feeder Pipes
 Header Pipes
 Leachate collection Sump
Leachate collection system is a network of pipes by which the leachate is collected through
feeder pipes and conveyed to header pipes. The design of pipes should consider the
following factors-
 The required flow using known percolation impingement rates and pipe spacing.
 Pipe size using required flow and maximum slope.
 Structural strength of the pipes.
73
Capacity & Volume of Landfill Site

Waste Generation in different year in as under –
Year 2017 - 87.48 MT / day

2022 - 107.95 MT / day
2027 - 134.86 MT / day
2032 - 165.73 MT / day
2037 206.03 MT / day
Additional waste
in one Month of - 1375.00 MT
Srawan
Calculation of Volume
For 1st 5 year period (Year 2017 to 2022)
(87.48 + 107.95) x 5 x 365 +5 X1375 = 185204.9 MT
2
Say 185205 MT
For 2nd 5 year period (Year 2022 to 2027)
(107.95 + 134.86) x 5 x 365 +5 X 1375 = 228439.1 MT

=
2
Say 228440 MT
For 3rd 5 year period (Year 2027to 2032)

(134.86 + 165.7) x 5 x 365 +5X1375 = 281163.4 MT
=
2
281164 MT
For 4th 5 year period (Year 2032 to 2037) Say
(165.73+206.03) x 5 x 365 +5X1375 = 346106 MT

=
2
Say 346106 MT
74
Volume of Ist 5 year period (Year 2017 to 2022)
Waste going to
landfill = 20% of 185205 = 37041.0 MT

Daily cover @ 10% = 3704.10
Total 40745.10 MT
Compacted volume of waste @ 850 kg/cm

V1 = 4795 M3
Volume of 2nd 5th year period (Year 2022 to 2027)

Waste going to
landfill = 20% of 228440 = 45688.0
Daily cover @ 10% = 4568.80
Total 50256.80 MT

V2 = 59126 M3
Volume of 3rd 5 year period (Year 2027 to 2032)

Waste going to
landfill = 20% of 281164 = 56232.8 MT
Daily cover @ 10% = 5623.28
Total 61856.08 MT

M3
V3 = 72772
Volume of 4th 5 year period (Year 2032 to 2037)

Waste going to
landfill = 20% of 346106 = 69221.2 MT
Daily cover @ 10% = 6922.12
Total 76143.32 MT
Compacted volume of waste @ 850 3

M
Kg/cm V4 = 89580
Total volume required 3

M
for 20 yrs = V1 + V2 + V3+ V4 = 269413
Total volume provided in SLF = 298109M3
75
Against a requirement of 269413 cum, volume provided is 298109 cum and hence the landfill
area is sufficient for 22 yrs.
TABLE NO-2.15 SUMMARY OF LANDFILL DESIGN

Landfill Component Design Specifications
Design Life 20 years
Area & No of cells 61425 Sqm, 4 cells
Leachate Generation Rate from 636.33 m3

Active Landfill Area
Leachate Generation Rate after 12.73 m3/day

Closure of Landfill Site
Leachate from windrow and waste 537.17 m3/day

receiving area
Leachate Collection Sump 16X16X1.24 M capacity for landfill & 5X5X3 M for
windrow
Feeder Pipes Spacing

20 m
Size
150 mm diameter
Header Pipe
Size 200 mm diameter
Feeder and Header Pipe Material HDPE perforated pipes with sufficient
strength
Liner System A 90cm thick compacted clay or amended soil

(amended with bentonite) of permeability not
greater than 1X10-7.
A HDPE Geomembrane liner of thickness 1.5mm
and with minimum density of 0.94 gm/cc.
A drainage layer of 300 mm thick granular
material of permeability not greater than 1X10-2
cm/sec.
Number of Gas Vents 4 in each cell
Required
76
Final Cover System Vegetative layer of 450mm thick with good

vegetation supporting soil Drainage layer of
150mm thick granular material with
permeability 1 X 10 cm/sec Barrier layer of
-2
600mm thick clay/amended soil with

permeability 1 X 10-7cm/sec Gas venting layer of
200mm thick granular material with
permeability 1 X 10 cm/sec.
-2
Assessment of Landfill Gas Generation

Landfill gas is generated as a product of waste biodegradation. In landfill sites organic
waste is broken down by enzymes produced by bacteria in a manner comparable to food
digestion. Considerable heat is generated by these reactions with methane, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulphite, carbon dioxide and other gases as the byproducts.
Methane and carbon dioxide are the principle gases produced with almost 50 – 50 per cent
share.
When methane is present in the air in concentrations between 5 to 15 per cent, it is
explosive. Landfills generate gases with a pressure sufficient enough to damage the final
cover and largely have impact on vegetative cover. But, because only limited amount of
oxygen are present in a landfill, when methane concentration reach this critical level, there
is a little danger that the landfill will explode.
The quantity of gas generated from the landfill is estimated with the help of method
suggested in CPHEEO Manual,
Volume of Gas Generated, V = C X W X [P/100] m3/year
C = Coefficient of Generation (6 m3/ton/year)
W = Weight of Waste
P = Percentage of Organic Component
As suggested by CPHEEO Manual the gas management strategies should follow the
following three plans-
• Controlled Passive Venting
• Uncontrolled Release
• Controlled Collection and Treatment
77
For venting system number of vents required can be estimated by following formula,
Number of Vents Required, N = V / R
V = Volume of Gas Generated
R = Rate of Gas Release per Vent (7500 m3/year)
For Deoghar, Controlled Passive Venting system in Final cover is proposed. Total 19
Number of gas vents is required for 4 cells of landfill. 3 vents are proposed for cell 1 and 4
vents each are proposed for cell 2, 3, 4.
Design of Final Cover System

As recommended by the MoEF and CPHEEO the final cover system must consist of a
vegetative layer supported by a drainage layer over barrier layer and gas vent layer.
 Vegetative layer of 450mm thick with good vegetation supporting soil.
 Drainage layer of 150mm thick granular material with permeability 1 X 10-2 cm/sec.
 Barrier layer of 600mm thick clay/amended soil with permeability 1 X 10-7 cm/sec.
 Gas venting layer of 200mm thick granular material with permeability 1 X 10-2 cm/sec.
********
78
CHAPTER-III
DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 STUDY AREA
This Chapter contains the description of baseline studies of the 10 km radius of the
surrounding Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management project at Pachiyari Kothiya
Village, Deoghar. Baseline environmental status in and around the proposed project
depicts the existing environmental conditions of air, water, noise, soil, biological and
socio-economic environment. With proposed project as the centre, a radial distance of 10
km is considered as ‘study area’ for baseline data collection. Baseline data was collected
for various environmental attributes so as to compute the impacts that are likely to arise
due to proposed developmental activity.
The objective of the present study is to assess comprehensive environmental impacts

due to proposed project activity. The current environmental status around the identified
project site represents the baseline status for proposed project. The methodology
adopted for conducting baseline studies is described in following sections.
3.1.1 STUDY PERIOD

The generation of primary data as well as collection of secondary data and information
from the site and surroundings was carried out during post monsoon season i.e. October
2018 to December, 2018. Map showing monitoring location (Air, Water Soil & Noise) is
shown in Figure in EIA/EMP report.
3.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

In order to assess the impacts of project activities on existing physical, biological and
social environment, it is necessary to study the present scenario of the area by collecting
the information on following parameters :-
 Land Environment
 Water Environment
 Air Environment
 Noise Environment
79
 Biological Environment
 Socio- Economic Environment
3.1.3 METHODOLOGY
The baseline information on meteorological data, ambient air quality, water quality, noise
level, soil quality and floristic descriptions are largely drawn from the data generated by
Wolkem India Limited, Udaipur. Long term meteorological data recorded at the nearest
IMD station Dumka, Jharkhand was collected. Apart from these, secondary data have been
collected from Census Handbook, Revenue Records, Statistical Department, Soil Survey
and Land use Organization, District Industrial Centre, Forest Department, Central Ground
Water Authority and State Ground Water Department etc. The generation of primary data
as well as collection of secondary data and information from the site and surroundings
was carried out.
80
FIGURE 3.1: COMPOSITE SAMPLING LOCATION MAP OF THE STUDY AREA.
81
3.2 ESTABLISHMENT OF BASELINE FOR VALUED ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT

(A) LAND ENVIRONMENT:-
(a) Land use of study area (buffer zone)
The satellite based remote sensing is a sustainable global information system because it has
the potential to meet the needs and demands of the present and future. The synoptic
Average, which provides capability for integration of real time information on regional and
global scales, is a unique characteristic of this information system. Its versatility lies in its
inherent capability to conceptualize situation to give clear perceptions for defining short
term and long term objectives.
An activity could bring about changes in the Land use and Land cover in the vicinity. A data
based on Land use and land cover indicates ecosystems existing in and around the centre of
an economic activity, to safeguard to allow comparison at a future date to draw conclusions
on the nature. The study reported here is with the honest intention of building such a
database on land use and land cover in an area within about 10 km radius of the proposed
project. The details of the land use present in the 10 km study area are given below in Table
3.1; Land use Land cover Map and satellite imagery shown in figure is shown in Figure 3.2
and 3.3.
TABLE 3.1: LAND USE PATTERN BASED ON SATELLITE IMAGE
Classes Area (in Ha.) Area (in %)
Open scrub land 6749.99 25.86
Forest plantation 3286.04 12.59
Crop land 676.34 2.59
Fellow land 1343.16 5.15
Habitation 3368.57 12.91
Waste land 5985.90 22.94
Water bodies 4687.23 17.96
Total 26097.23 100.00
Refer Figure 3.2 & 3.3: Land use & Satellite Image of 10 km Radius of the Study Area
82
FIGURE 3.2: LAND USE / LAND COVER MAP PATTERN OF THE STUDY AREA.
83
FIGURE 3.3: SATELLITE IMAGE OF 10 KM RADIUS OF THE STUDY AREA
84
Cropping Pattern
The climatic conditions of a region affect the agricultural cropping pattern of different
areas. Thus, it produces different crops. Amongst a host of climatic factors i.e. rainfall,
temperature, humidity, wind velocity and duration of sunshine etc. affect the cropping
pattern in a significant way. Annual rainfall and its distribution over the entire year and the
regimes of diurnal and annual temperatures are by far, the prominent factors affecting
agriculture and the life style of the people. The major crops in the study area are Rice,
Maize, Pigeon pea, Black gram, Green gram, Groundnut, Wheat, and Mustard etc.
(B) Land form, Land Use and Land Ownership- The proposed facilities will be
developed inside the existing area available with the Municipal Corporation of Pachiyari
Kothiya Village. The land use details are given below:-
TABLE 3.2: LAND USE DETAILS OF PROJECT AREA
S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in Area in %

acres
1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7
3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2
5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5
management plant
Total 95364 23.56 100
85
(C) Topography& Drainage

Deoghar district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India,
and Deoghar town is the administrative headquarters of this district. Deoghar is set in an
attractive, undulating landscape, with water courses and small hills. The city is surrounded by
lots of hills, to the north there is Baba Jungle, named after a fakir; towards north-west, a low
wooded hill called Nandan Pahar and towards east about 20 miles away there is a low range
of hills known as Trikuti or Trikutaparvata. The river Ajay and its tributaries control the
drainage of the area. River Ajay originates from the hills of the Chotanagpur plateau at an
elevation of 346.23m amsl. Prominent among the tributaries are the Bhagdura, Partho, Dama,
and Jayanti. These apart, there are several seasonal streams and nallas which ultimately join
the river Ajay and its tributaries.
There is no water bodies exist in study area however some seasonal & perennial water bodies
is exist in study area which is given below-
TABLE 3.3: WATER BODIES WITHIN STUDY AREA
S.No Name Distance (Km) Direction
3 Kutaniya Nadi 7.8 SW
4 Chhauuri Nihan Nadi 8.0 NW
8 Chandan River 8.1 NE
9 Jhajhajor Nala 5.4 NE
10 Chhatimi Nadi 1.5 NE
11 Karankol Nala 11.8 SSE
(Refer topographical map & Drainage Map of the study area is refer figure No- 3.4 & 3.5).
86
FIGURE 3.4: TOPOGRAPHY MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
87
FIGURE- 3.5 DRAINAGE MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
88
EIA/EMP report of proposed Integrated MSW Management Project for Deoghar Nagar
Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56
Acre, Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand).
Geology-
The district contains several clusters of rocky hills covered with forest, but series of long
ridges with intervening depressions. The geology of the area mainly comprises of
Chotanagpur gneissic complex which forms the basement rock. Chotanagpur gneissic
complex belongs to Proterozoic age. The lithounits consists mainly of granitic gneiss, also
patches of amphibolites can be seen at places. The Chotanagpur gneissic complex is overlain
by patches of gondwana formations in the south –west and south portion of the district
exposed in the area. At place these formation are traversed by pegmatites and dolerite
dykes. The central portion of the district is covered with quaternary sand and alluvium.
(D) Seismicity of the area-

Many parts of the Indian subcontinent have historically high seismicity. Seven catastrophic
earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 (Richter scale) have occurred in the western,
northern and eastern parts of India and adjacent countries in the past 100 years.
According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, on a scale ranging from I to V in order of
increasing susceptibility to earthquakes, the city lies inside seismic zone III which is classified
as the medium damage risk zone. Hence, no such damage can be anticipated.
Following are the varied seismic zone of the Nation, which are prominently shown in the
map-
Seismic zone-II- This is said to be the least active seismic zone.
Seismic zone-III- It is includes in the moderate seismic zone.
Seismic zone-IV- This is considered to be the high seismic zone.
Seismic zone-V- It is the highest seismic zone.
Prepared by- Wolkem India Limited

89
FIGURE 3.6: SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA

90
(E) Soil quality:-

The district is characterized by a wide variety of soils, which can be classified as clayey,
loamy, sandy loam and lateritic. Sandy loams to loamy sands are common in uplands
whereas loam to sandy loam is common in lowlands.
During the study period seven soil samples was collected from study area; from Project
Site, Gharmara Village, Deopur Village, Bhanra Village, Ghirudia Village, Deoghar Village,
Paharidih Village for assessment of the soil quality.
Methodology for soil monitoring:-

The soil survey was carried out to assess the soil characteristics of the area. For studying
soil quality of the area, 7 samples were collected from four different locations in the study
area (in and around the project site) to assess the existing soil conditions. Distance and
direction of soil sampling station from the project site have been given below in Table
No-3.4.
Soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm
below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 & Methods of Soil
Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science
Society of America). Air-dried and Sieved samples have been used for determination of
physical properties of soil. Standard methods were followed for the analysis of soil
samples. Soil sampling location is given in the table below.
TABLE 3.4: SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS IN THE STUDY AREA

Sr. Station Dis. Direction
Area Description Frequency
No. Code (in Km)
1. Project Site SQ1 -- --
2. Gharmara Village SQ2 500m E
3. Deopur Village SQ3 3.50 km W Once
4. Bhanra Village SQ4 4.50 km NW during the
5. Ghirudia Village SQ5 4.10 km SE study
6. Deoghar Village SQ6 4.55 km S period.
7. Paharidih Village SQ7 5.50 km N
Refer Figure 3.1: composite Sampling Location map of the study area.

91
TABLE 3.5 STANDARD CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL

S. No. Soil Test Classification
<4.5 Extremely acidic
4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic
5.51-6.0 moderately acidic
6.01-6.50 slightly acidic
1. pH 6.51-7.30 Neutral
7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline
7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline
8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline
9.01 very strongly alkaline
Salinity Electrical Upto 1.00 Average
Conductivity 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination
2
(mmhos/cm) 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to
(1 ppm = 640 mmho/cm) salts)
Upto 0.2: very less
0.21-0.4: less
0.41-0.5 medium,
3 Organic Carbon
0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient
0.81-1.00: sufficient
>1.0 more than sufficient
Upto 50 very less
51-100 less
4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) 101-150 good
151-300 Better
>300 sufficient
Upto 15 very less
16-30 less
31-50 medium,
5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha)
51-65 on an average sufficient
66-80 sufficient
>80 more than sufficient
0 -120 very less
120-180 less
181-240 medium
6 Potash (Kg/ha)
241-300 average
301-360 better
>360 more than sufficient
Source: Handbook of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi

92
TABLE- 3.6 ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY OF SOIL SAMPLES

S. No. Parameters Test Method
1. pH value IS : 2720 ( P-26, 1987)
2. Conductivity IS : 14767 – 2000 Reaffirmed 2006
3. Sulphate IS 2720 (part XXVII)
4. Bulk Density IS 918
5. Sodium (as Na) IS 9497
6. Potassium (as K) IS 9497
7. Organic Matter IS 2720 (part XXII)
8. Phosphorus IS 10158
USEPA 3050B (AAS FLAME) Dec.
9. Zinc (as Zn)
1996 Rev. 2
USEPA 3050B (AAS FLAME) Dec.
10 Iron
1996 Rev. 2
11. SOP No. 96/100 Issue date-

Sodium Absorption Ratio (Sar)
29.05.2017

93
Soil Analysis -
Analysis of soil samples has been done by NABL accredited laboratory by following
prescribed standard methods & the result of analysis is shown in below table.
TABLE 3.7: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SOIL SAMPLES
Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7
PH VALUE (1:5) - 6.92 5.63 5.92 5.64 5.82 5.77 5.92
Electrical
µS/cm 108.2 92.5 68.4 112.4 72.4 55.8 63.4
Conductivity
Nitrogen (Available) Kg/Ha 225 450 675 562.5 720 630 607.5
Phosphorous Kg/Ha 22.5 24.75 40.5 33.75 38.25 36 45
Potassium As K Kg/Ha 445.5 915.885 54.652 418.2975 207.9 546.5025 164.52
Calcium As Ca mg/Kg 56.44 94.45 38.62 70.93 33.97 52.84 65.35
Magnesium mg/Kg 18.52 21.15 15.54 28.2 13.77 17.52 20.95
Sodium Kg/Ha 581.85 1152.9 72.9 452.7 257.62 649.575 194.4
Chlorides mg/Kg 30 35 41 28 50 37 46
Sulphates Kg/Ha 1012.5 1080 1552.5 292.5 1147.5 742.5 1125
Aluminium mg/Kg 0.85 0.94 0.79 1.04 0.66 0.92 0.59
Manganese mg/Kg 69.15 76.32 88.6 70.2 75.34 84.22 62.73
Boron mg/Kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
(0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01)
Zinc mg/Kg 3.42 2.17 3.16 2.23 4.07 1.94 2.52
Iron mg/Kg 29 38 41 34 44 31 46
Organic Matter % 1.190 2.410 1.207 2.150 1.952 2.138 3.172
Sodium Absorption
- 0.3528 0.3065 0.188 0.237 0 0.1433 0.1981
Ratio (Sar)
Bulk Density gm/CC 1.47 1.24 1.62 1.31 1.33 1.49 1.66
Loamy Loamy Loamy Sandy Loamy Loamy Loamy
Texture
Sand Sand Sand Loam Sand Sand Sand
Sand % 85.25 78.53 87.26 77.37 84.43 88.09 86.48
Silt % 12.3 14.59 11.48 13.77 12.34 10.35 10.48
Clay % 2.45 6.88 1.26 8.86 3.23 1.56 3.04
Organic carbon % 0.69 0.54 0.70 0.48 0.61 0.55 1.08
Water Holding
% 31.8 29.9 32.7 26.9 30.4 31.2 29.1
Capacity

94
Organic carbon-
The effect of soil organic matter on soil properties is well recognized. Soil organic matter
plays a vital role in supplying plant nutrients, cation exchange capacity, improving soil
aggregation and hence water retention and soil biological activity.
Organic carbon content in the district ranges from 0.10 to 3.23 %. They are mapped into
three classes i.e., low (below 0.5 %), medium (0.5-0.75 %) and high (above 0.75 %). Low
organic carbon content may be due to high temperature regime of the area, which
accelerates the rate of decomposition of organic carbon.
Organic carbon content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between 0.48 % to 1.08
%.
Macronutrients
Nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered as primary
nutrients and sulphur (S) as secondary nutrient. These nutrients help in proper growth,
development and yield differentiation of plants and are generally required by plants in large
quantity.
Available nitrogen
Nitrogen is an integral component of many compounds including chlorophyll and enzyme
essential for plant growth. It is an essential constituent for amino acids which is building
blocks for plant tissue, cell nuclei and protoplasm.
Available nitrogen content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between 225 Kg/Ha
to 720 Kg/Ha.
Available phosphorus-
Phosphorous take part in important functions like photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, crop
maturation, root development, strengthening straw in cereal crops etc. The availability of
phosphorous is restricted under acidic and alkaline soil reaction mainly due to P-fixation.
Available phosphorus content in the surface soils of the study area ranges between
22.5Kg/Ha to 45 Kg/Ha.

95
Available Sulphur
Sulphur is essential in synthesis of sulphur containing amino acids, chlorophyll and
metabolites. It activates many proteolytic enzymes, increase root growth and nodule
formation and stimulates seed formation.
Micronutrients-
Micronutrients like Iron, Copper, Iodine, Zink, Manganese, Boron are essential elements
that are used by plants in small quantities. For most micronutrients, crop uptake is less
than one pound per acre. In spite of this low requirement, critical plant functions are
limited if micronutrients are unavailable, resulting in plant abnormalities, reduced growth
and lower yield.
OBSERVATIONS:-
The soil analysis results are presented in Table 3.7. The result obtained is compared with
the standard soil classification as given in Agriculture Handbook. Samples collected from
identified locations indicate that the pH value is ranging between 5.77 to 6.92 which show
that the soils are moderately & slightly acidic in nature. Potassium value ranging from
54.65 to 915 kg/hec & Total Phosphorous varies from 22.5 to 45 kg/hec.
3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT

In order to conduct EIA Studies, baseline data pertaining to water environment of the
proposed project was carried out evaluating the basic characteristics, drainage pattern, and
hydrology. Water Environment of the area has been studied by locating ground water
sources.
Requirement of water -
Construction Phase- During construction phase water will be requiring about 5 KLD.
Operational Phase- Total water requirement in the project during operational phase will be
about 18.5 KLD which will met from PHED supply.

96
Surface water & Ground water- There is no any surface & ground water source exist in
project site; however there is surface water bodies are exist in study area which is given
earlier table number 3.3.
Depth to Water Level (Pre & Post Monsoon)
The ground water table in the area is 5-12mbgl (in Post- monsoon) & 6-13 mbgl (in Pre
Monsoon).
Hydrogeology: - Deoghar district is largely covered by Chotanagpur granites and gneissic
complex associated with some metasediments and metabasic rocks. The Gondwanas have
been developed in tectonic basin fill deposits and are resting on Archaean basements. The
Gondwanas mainly consist of sandstones, shales, coal seams and are exposed in Karon and
Madhupur blocks of the district. Alluvium occurring along the river channels and adjoining
areas and are mainly composed of fine to coarse sand and clays. Laterites occur in isolated
patches. About 70% of the district area is underlain by hard and compact granitic rocks,
known as Chotanagpur granite gneiss. Weathering, fracturing and jointing have introduced
secondary porosities in these hard rocks and these govern the occurrence and movement of
groundwater in these rocks. In these formations groundwater occurs under unconfined
condition in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined to confined conditions in the
fractures underneath. Groundwater also occurs under unconfined condition in the narrow
stretches of alluvium along stream courses; however, groundwater potentiality in the
alluvium is not promising.
(Source-CGWB Deoghar)
3.3.1 Ground water monitoring methodology

Seven ground water samples were collected during the study period (October 2018 to
December 2018). The quality of ground water was studied by collecting water samples
from representative, dug wells, tube wells and surface water by from different water
sources. These samples were taken and were analysed for various parameters and
compared with standards IS: 10500. The locations of water sampling stations have been
shown in below table.

97
TABLE 3.8: LOCATION OF GROUND WATER & SURFACE WATER SAMPLING IN

THE STUDY AREA
Sr. Dis. Direction
Area Description Station Code (in Km)
No.
1. Pachiyari Kothiya Village SW1 1.5 km W
(Pond)
2. Siria Pond SW2 2.95 km E
3. Darhwa Nadi At Village SW3 6.11 km E
Ghaghi
4. Shivganga pond At Deogarh SW4 4.76 km S
Village
5. Pachiyari Kothiya Village GW1 500meter W
6. Deopur Village GW2 3.5 Km W
7. Bhanra Village GW3 4.30 Km NW
8. Deoghar GW4 5.0 Km S
Refer Figure 3.1: composite sampling locations in the study area

98
3.3.2 Analysis Report of Water Quality

TABLE 3.9: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF GROUND WATER SAMPLES
Requirement Permissible Location of ground Water Samples
(Desirable limit in the
Limit) Absence of Pachiyari
Parameter Units Deopur Bhanra
(As per BIS Alternate source Kothiya Deogarh
Village Village
Village (GW4)
10500:2012) (As per BIS (GW2) (GW3)
(GW1)
10500:2012)
pH 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxation 7.7 7.2 6.95 7.1

ms/us -- --
EC 681.3 710.6 1.108 1.213
Hazen Agreeabl Agreeabl

Odours Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e e
Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.8 0.9 0.6 1
TDS mg/L 500 2000 462 602 718 976
Hardness mg/L 200 600 188 292 306 398
Calcium mg/L 75 200 47.2 76 79.2 78.4
Magnesium mg/L 30 100 16.8 24.5 25.9 48.5
Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 212 176 238 216
Chloride mg/L 250 1000 42 127 136 149
mg/L -- -- (<0.02) (<0.02) (<0.02)
Hexavalent Cr (<0.02) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
Fluoride mg/L 1 1.5 1.2 0.8 1.1 1
Phosphate mg/L - - 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.1
Sulphate mg/L 200 400 51.5 58.6 61.6 68.7
Nitrate mg/L 45 No Relaxation 7.6 23.8 31.3 40.28
Zinc mg/L 5 15 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.24
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Lead mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
Potassium mg/L - - 3.3 3.6 1.8 4.8
Sodium mg/L - - 48.6 39.4 68.5 112.4
Fe mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation 0.37 0.27 0.29 0.42
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Copper mg/L 0.05 1.5 (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
- - (<0.02) (<0.02) (<0.02)
T.Cr. mg/L (<0.02) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
(<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001)
Mercury mg/L 0.001 No relaxation
BDL BDL BDL BDL
Phenolic (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001)
mg/L 0.001 0.002
compound BDL BDL BDL BDL

99
TABLE 3.10: ANALYSIS RESULTS OF SURFACE WATER SAMPLES

Location of Surface Water Samples
Permissible
Requirement Shivgan
limit in the Pond Darhwa
(Desirable Limit) ga pond
Absence of Pachiyari Siria Nadi At
Parameter Units (As per BIS At
Alternate source Kothiya Pond Village
10500:2012) Deogarh
(As per BIS Village (SW2) Ghaghi
Village
10500:2012) (SW1) (SW3)
(SW4)
pH 6.5 to 8.5 No Relaxation 7.32 7.6 8.1 7.42

ms/us -- --
EC 278.4 506.4 269.7 576.1
Hazen Agreeabl Agreeabl
Odours Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable
e e
Turbidity NTU 1 5 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.1
TS mg/L - - 200 310 236 418
TDS mg/L 500 2000 182 296 224 408
TSS mg/L - - 18 14 12 10
Hardness mg/L 200 600 88 124 98 152
Calcium mg/L 75 200 19.2 30.4 21.6 37.6
Magnesium mg/L 30 100 9.6 11.5 10.5 13.9
Alkalinity mg/L 200 600 118 138 114 146
Chloride mg/L 250 1000 49 81 20 107
mg/L -- -- (<0.02) (<0.02) (<0.02)
Hexavalent Cr (<0.02) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
Fluoride mg/L 1 1.5 0.4 0.9 1.1 1
Phosphate mg/L - - 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.21
Sulphate mg/L 200 400 8.88 9.19 5.6 14.5
Nitrate mg/L 45 No Relaxation 4.8 5.03 5.61 19.1
Zinc mg/L 5 15 0.1 0.12 (<0.1) BDL 0.14
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Lead mg/L 0.01 No Relaxation (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
Potassium mg/L - - 2.9 3.6 1.8 3.2
Sodium mg/L - - 13.2 15.8 11.9 22.1
Fe mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Cadmium mg/L 0.003 No relaxation (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
(<0.01) (<0.01) (<0.01)
Copper mg/L 0.05 1.5 (<0.01) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
- - (<0.02) (<0.02) (<0.02)
T.Cr. mg/L (<0.02) BDL
BDL BDL BDL
(<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001)
Mercury mg/L 0.001 No relaxation
BDL BDL BDL BDL
Phenolic (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001) (<0.001)
mg/L 0.001 0.002
compound BDL BDL BDL BDL
DO mg/l - - 5.9 5.4 5.7 5.1
BOD mg/l - - 2.9 2.5 2.4 3.3
COD mg/l - - 8.3 16.5 12.4 16.5

100
Conclusion:
 The pH limit fixed for drinking water samples as per IS 10500-2012 is 6.5 to 8.5 beyond
this range the water will affect the mucus membrane and or water supply system. During
study period the pH in the ground water samples was varying from 6.9 to 7.7. The pH of all
samples was falling within the acceptable limit.
 The acceptable limit for total dissolved solids as per IS 10500:2012 is 500 mg/l, whereas
the permissible limit in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l, beyond this palatability
decreases and may cause gastro intestinal irritation. In water samples collected from the
study area, the total dissolved solids in groundwater are varying from 462 mg/l to 976 mg/l.
two samples are falling within the acceptable limit and remaining four samples are above
the acceptable limit but within permissible limit.
 The acceptable limit for chloride is 250 mg/l as per IS10500:2012 whereas the permissible
limit of the same is 1000 mg/l beyond this limit taste, corrosion and palatability are affected.
The Chloride levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging
from 42mg/l to 149mg/l. All samples are falling within acceptable limit.
 The acceptable limit as per IS10500:2012 for hardness is 200mg/l whereas the permissible
limit for the same is 600mg/l beyond this limit encrustation in water supply structure and
adverse effects on domestic use will be observed. In the water samples collected from the
study area, the hardness is varying from 188 mg/l to 398mg/l. All samples are falling above
the acceptable limit but within the permissible limits. The general characteristics of all the
ground water samples collected in the region shows fairly good quality.
 The Nitrate levels in the ground water samples collected in the study area were ranging
from 7.6 mg/l to 40.28mg/l & Phosphate levels in the ground water samples collected in the
study area were ranging from 0.1 mg/l to 0.13mg/l. All samples are falling within acceptable
limit.
Fluoride content was varying from 0.4 mg/L to 1.1 mg/L which is in permissible limit.
It is seen that the physicochemical analysis of other parameters like chloride, calcium,
magnesium, nitrate and fluoride were found within the desirable limit of IS (10500:2012).

101
Surface water:-
 pH was varying between 7.32 to 8.1. The total dissolved solids were in the range of
182mg/l to 408 mg/l, the chlorides were in the range of 20 mg/l to 107 mg/l & the hardness
is varying between 88 mg/l to 152 mg/l. All the samples collected in the study area during
study period & all parameter are within permissible limites.
3.4 AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT

3. 4.1 Meteorology
Meteorological factors such as wind speed, direction variation in temperature, humidity etc.
play a direct role in dispersion of pollutants atmospheric pressure, rainfall and cloud cover
also govern this activity. In order to establish the prevailing climatic condition, a
meteorological monitoring station was installed in the study area during the study period.
Based on the site meteorological information gathered during the monitoring period, wind
rose diagram was generated to understand the prevailing wind direction so as to anticipate
the dispersion of pollutants in the wind direction.
Refer Figure 3.7: Wind Rose Diagram
FIGURE 3.7: WIND ROSE DIAGRAM

102
3.4.2 Rainfall and Climate

The climate is dry but still Deoghar is considered a health resort. The district experience hot
summer (March to May) heavy monsoon rains (June to September) and cool dry winters
(October to February). Summers (March to June) are warm with the maximum temperature of
about 37°C and minimum of about 23°C. But can go beyond 42 °C during the peak summer
days in May. Monsoons (July to September) are accompanied by mild to average rainfalls and
offers humid and warm climate. Winters (November to February) are characterized by cool
breeze and cool weather. During winters minimum temperature can go about 7°C and
maximum is only about 27°C. August and September are the wettest months. Average annual
rainfall of the district is 1162 mm of which about 88% is received between June and October.
3.4.3 Ambient air quality monitoring

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out during the study period (October 2018 to
November 2018) to establish the ambient air quality. “An Ambient Air Quality (AAQ)
monitoring programme” is collection of data that form an accurate record of air quality. The
purpose of collection of baseline AAQ data was to know the present status of air
environment in and around the project site, Sampling was carried out with the help of
Repairable particulate matter Sampler “Repairable Dust Sampler” (RDS). The data generated
by Wolkem India Limited Consultants, Udaipur for ambient air quality status within 10 km.
radius of the project site.
3.4.4 Location of Ambient Air Sampling Stations

Sampling locations were established for ambient air monitoring in and around the project
site within a radius of 10.0 km, to study the present quality of the air. The monitoring
locations are marked in the map presented as fig. 3.1. Location of sampling points along with
distance and direction with respect to project site are given below:-

103
TABLE 3.11: LOCATION OF AMBIENT AIR MONITORING STATIONS

Sr. Station Dis.
Area Description
No. Code (in Km) Direction
1. Project site A1 -- --
2. 500 D/W direction at A2 500m E
Gharmara Village
3. Deopur Village A3 3.69 Km W
4. Bhanra Village A4 4.30 KM NW
5. Ghirudia Village A5 4.28 km SE
6. Deoghar Village A6 4.43 km S
7. Paharidih Village A7 5.09 km N
8. Pachiyari Kothiya Village A8 5.00 km W
Refer Figure 3.1: composite sampling location in the study area.
 Stations selected are above three meter from ground level.

 The station selected is representative of the area for which monitoring is done.
 There is no obstruction in the wind flow direction (away from tall building and trees).
 For traffic pollution the monitoring location is kept 3 m above the street level in
village road.
 Equipment’s, reagents filter paper sand other accessories as per NABL standard.
 During monitoring cross checking is ensured.
 Samples are collected stored and transported to laboratory as per set procedures of
laboratory.
3.4.5. Sampling Schedule

Sampling was done 24/8 hourly from each station round the clock, twice a week for
continuous three month (Study period).
3.4.6. Air quality parameter
The following parameters were analysed for each sample.

104
TABLE 3.12: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING METHOD

S. No. Parameters Test Method Instrument Model & Make of
used instrument
1 PM10 IS 5182 (Part-23) RDS (Respirable APM 460BL
2006,Gravimetric Dust Sampler) (Envirotech)
CPCB Guidelines for
Ambient Air
Monitoring
2 PM2.5 IS 5182 (Part-23) RDS (Respirable APM 460BL
2006,Gravimetric Dust Sampler) with (Envirotech)
CPCB Guidelines for attachment of PM2.5
Ambient Air
Monitoring
3 SOx IS 5182 (Part-II) 2001, Gas sampler APM411
Reaff.2006 (Envirotech)
AAS109 (Ecotech)
4 NOx IS 5182 (Part-VI) 2006 Gas sampler APM411
(Envirotech)
AAS109 (Ecotech)

105
TABLE 3.13: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

Concentration in µg/mg3
Ecologically
Pollutant Industrial,
Sensitive area
Time Residential, Rural
(Notified by Central
& other areas
Govt.)
Annual Avg.* 50 20
Sulphur Dioxide (µg/m3)
24 hours** 80 80
Annual Avg. 40 30
Oxides of Nitrogen (µg/m3)
24 hours 80 80
Annual Avg. 60 60
PM10 (µg/m3)
24 hours 100 100
Annual Avg. 40 40
PM2.5 (µg/m3)
24 hours 60 60
Source: Gazette of India Notification, dated 16th Nov, 2009
* Annual Arithmetic Means of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site

taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals
** 24 hourly or 8 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values, as applicable shall be complied

with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two
consecutive days of monitoring
Micro meteorological data temperature & relative humidity were recorded at project site
during the study period which is summarized in the table 3.14.

106
TABLE 3.14: SITE SPECIFIC MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Month Temperature Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (in
(0C) mm)
Min Max Min Max Total
October 2018 20.0 33.1 70 75 70
November 2018 17.2 31.0 60 65 8
December 2018 11.0 25 60 70 25
TABLE 3.14 (A): MEAN TEMPERATURE & RELATIVE HUMIDITY RECORDED BY

IMD STATION DUMKA (1981- 1992)
Month Temperature Relative Rainfall Wind Direction
0C Humidity (%)
Min Max Min Max Total 1st 2nd
Predomina Predominan
nt t
January 7.1 29.5 53 65 5.3 W E
February 10 33.2 44 56 11.4 W E
March 13.6 39.2 40 52 21 W E
April 17.7 42.9 39 53 29 W E
May 20.3 43.0 54 65 74.6 E W
June 21.4 41.8 70 75 224 E W
July 22.1 36.9 80 81 304.2 W E
August 21.9 35.8 80 83 307.3 E W
September 21.8 36.5 80 81 211.6 W E
October 17.9 36.0 70 76 110.2 W E
November 12.1 34.1 60 67 8.1 W E
December 8.7 30.0 57 67 10.1 W E
Sources- IMD station Dumka.
Conclusion
The maximum temperature recorded during the study period was 33.1°C and minimum
temperature was 11°C. The relative humidity during the study period was ranges between
60– 75 %. Pre dominant wind directions during study period was W to E.

107
TABLE 3.15: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULT

Result for test parameter PM10/ PM2.5/ SO2/ NO2/CO
A1) “Project site”
S.No. Date Sample PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NO2 CO
ID (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (µg/m³) (mg/m³)
1 01.10.2018 0 63.7 33.8 11.0 30.7 0.64
2 04.10.2018 0 62.0 34.8 10.8 29.5 0.81
3 08.10.2018 0 62.4 32.9 8.4 30.3 0.65
4 11.10.2018 0 60.2 37.6 9.3 28.7 0.96
5 15.10.2018 0 59.6 36.5 9.0 27.1 0.81
6 18.10.2018 0 57.2 36.9 9.0 27.0 0.98
7 22.10.2018 0 56.9 39.1 8.3 27.5 0.82
8 25.10.2018 0 59.3 40.1 7.5 25.4 0.66
9 29.10.2018 0 68.2 42.7 8.4 28.4 0.33
10 01.11.2018 0 52.7 37.2 7.4 23.3 0.49
11 05.11.2018 0 62.3 33.3 9.3 28.7 0.97
12 08.11.2018 0 63.1 33.1 8.4 28.5 0.66
13 12.11.2018 0 66.1 35.2 10.9 30.5 0.81
14 15.11.2018 0 70.8 34.3 9.2 31.5 0.98
15 19.11.2018 0 60.1 34.6 8.4 28.4 0.81
16 22.11.2018 0 56.9 29.9 7.1 24.7 0.66
17 26.11.2018 0 48.6 27.1 7.3 21.1 0.66
18 29.11.2018 0 56.7 34.2 9.0 27.0 0.83
19 01.12.2018 0 58.6 38.8 8.8 25.9 1.01
20 05.12.2018 0 57.5 36.6 8.9 26.1 1.00
21 08.12.2018 0 55.4 30.5 7.3 21.1 0.84
22 12.12.2018 0 55.1 34.9 9.0 22.4 0.83
23 15.12.2018 0 54.3 33.2 7.5 22.3 0.66
24 19.12.2018 0 57.0 33.8 7.5 24.2 0.65
25 24.12.2018 0 61.0 34.7 9.0 24.1 0.83
26 27.12.2018 0 55.7 28.3 7.6 21.4 0.67
Minimum 48.62 27.13 7.08 21.07 0.33
Maximum 70.80 42.71 11.00 31.52 1.01
Average 59.28 34.77 8.62 26.37 0.77

108

A2) “500 D/W Direction At Gharmara Village 500 Meter, E”
1 01.10.2018 0 63.2 34.7 7.4 25.0 0.96
2 04.10.2018 0 62.0 36.5 8.0 24.0 0.80
3 08.10.2018 0 61.2 35.0 7.4 24.6 0.96
4 11.10.2018 0 64.5 39.2 7.5 23.6 0.65
5 15.10.2018 0 62.0 38.4 8.0 22.3 0.79
6 18.10.2018 0 64.8 37.5 7.4 22.5 0.64
7 22.10.2018 0 58.9 38.1 7.3 22.4 0.96
8 25.10.2018 0 61.3 39.5 5.8 20.6 0.80
9 29.10.2018 0 62.5 39.8 5.8 22.9 0.97
10 01.11.2018 0 57.8 37.6 7.1 18.3 0.81
11 05.11.2018 0 62.2 33.4 7.5 23.6 0.66
12 08.11.2018 0 64.4 33.8 7.5 23.6 0.33
13 12.11.2018 0 59.2 33.8 7.3 24.1 0.50
14 15.11.2018 0 66.7 36.0 7.3 26.0 0.99
15 19.11.2018 0 59.0 36.0 5.9 23.1 0.66
16 22.11.2018 0 58.4 36.1 7.4 21.4 0.84
17 26.11.2018 0 60.0 36.5 8.0 19.3 0.98
18 29.11.2018 0 60.9 36.5 7.3 22.3 0.84
19 03.12.2018 0 63.1 44.2 8.1 22.0 0.65
20 06.12.2018 0 62.8 31.1 7.4 22.2 0.67
21 10.12.2018 0 63.5 39.9 5.9 19.6 0.83
22 13.12.2018 0 62.1 35.6 7.3 20.5 0.98
23 17.12.2018 0 64.9 35.4 5.9 20.1 1.01
24 20.12.2018 0 58.5 33.5 7.1 21.2 0.84
25 24.12.2018 0 62.6 36.4 8.3 22.5 0.83
26 27.12.2018 0 65.0 37.9 6.0 20.1 0.89
Minimum 57.81 31.13 5.82 18.33 0.33
Maximum 66.70 44.20 8.29 26.04 1.01
Average 61.98 36.63 7.15 22.22 0.801

109

A3) “Deopur Village,”
1 01.10.2018 0 69.1 36.7 9.9 21.3 0.82
2 04.10.2018 0 64.2 30.4 9.1 19.6 0.61
3 08.10.2018 0 65.8 34.6 6.5 18.7 0.81
4 11.10.2018 0 68.5 38.2 7.9 17.3 0.83
5 15.10.2018 0 62.9 36.0 8.4 18.5 1.03
6 18.10.2018 0 63.6 32.3 8.2 18.1 0.82
7 22.10.2018 0 60.4 40.6 8.2 16.8 0.61
8 25.10.2018 0 62.1 43.1 6.6 16.6 0.61
9 29.10.2018 0 61.8 38.1 6.6 18.9 0.61
10 01.11.2018 0 64.2 39.1 6.6 14.1 0.63
11 05.11.2018 0 59.7 33.9 7.9 17.4 0.63
12 08.11.2018 0 66.1 40.3 8.3 15.8 0.63
13 12.11.2018 0 63.8 35.0 9.8 19.4 0.85
14 15.11.2018 0 63.4 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.62
15 19.11.2018 0 63.7 35.2 6.7 18.1 0.84
16 22.11.2018 0 62.2 37.7 6.8 18.4 1.05
17 26.11.2018 0 65.9 36.8 6.2 17.4 0.83
18 29.11.2018 0 61.3 36.9 5.9 17.8 0.85
19 03.12.2018 0 62.7 37.2 5.8 17.4 0.85
20 06.12.2018 0 67.1 45.2 6.8 18.2 0.63
21 10.12.2018 0 63.6 51.0 6.8 18.2 0.63
22 13.12.2018 0 64.1 47.9 6.4 17.3 0.63
23 17.12.2018 0 66.2 42.8 6.4 17.3 0.63
24 20.12.2018 0 65.6 37.9 8.0 18.7 0.64
25 24.12.2018 0 69.1 43.8 8.8 18.9 0.85
26 27.12.2018 0 67.5 50.1 6.7 18.1 0.63
Minimum 59.71 30.36 5.77 14.14 0.61
Maximum 69.14 51.01 9.91 21.29 1.05
Average 64.40 39.22 7.44 18.05 0.73

110

A4) “Bhanra Village”
1 02.10.2018 0 62.6 35.5 9.0 19.4 0.69
2 05.10.2018 0 61.3 31.8 8.6 17.3 0.53
3 09.10.2018 0 63.4 38.7 7.1 18.4 0.52
4 12.10.2018 0 71.7 45.3 7.5 18.1 0.53
5 16.10.2018 0 60.1 40.0 8.2 18.1 0.53
6 19.10.2018 0 65.2 36.7 8.4 17.2 0.53
7 23.10.2018 0 64.1 46.6 7.5 17.0 0.52
8 26.10.2018 0 62.4 45.7 7.5 17.0 0.71
9 30.10.2018 0 68.8 46.3 6.2 19.9 0.54
10 02.11.2018 0 69.9 46.0 7.6 14.7 0.71
11 06.11.2018 0 65.6 41.0 8.4 18.5 0.88
12 09.11.2018 0 66.9 45.3 7.5 15.7 0.70
13 13.11.2018 0 65.9 38.4 8.1 19.0 0.71
14 16.11.2018 0 65.3 47.4 8.7 22.3 0.70
15 20.11.2018 0 62.7 39.3 5.9 16.6 0.71
16 23.11.2018 0 63.3 41.8 6.0 18.2 0.52
17 27.11.2018 0 62.1 32.6 5.9 16.6 0.72
18 30.11.2018 0 68.1 47.0 6.1 17.2 0.89
19 03.12.2018 0 71.5 49.4 6.1 18.5 0.72
20 03.12.2018 0 71.4 46.8 6.2 17.4 0.73
21 10.12.2018 0 71.1 51.1 7.5 18.1 0.72
22 13.12.2018 0 69.6 51.4 6.1 18.4 0.54
23 17.12.2018 0 67.3 46.4 7.7 17.3 0.54
24 20.12.2018 0 64.7 41.7 7.8 20.1 0.55
25 25.12.2018 0 66.4 43.7 7.9 18.6 0.54
26 28.12.2018 0 62.6 48.3 5.7 17.3 0.54
Minimum 60.07 31.77 5.72 14.70 0.52
Maximum 71.73 51.41 9.05 22.32 0.89
Average 65.92 43.23 7.27 17.95 0.63

111

A5) “Ghirudia Village”
1 02.10.2018 0 57.2 37.1 8.0 18.8 0.61
2 05.10.2018 0 57.2 38.2 8.4 18.4 0.61
3 09.10.2018 0 63.8 35.2 6.0 18.1 0.62
4 12.10.2018 0 64.4 50.1 6.0 18.1 0.83
5 16.10.2018 0 58.6 44.8 7.7 17.4 0.61
6 19.10.2018 0 59.1 40.1 7.6 17.2 0.83
7 23.10.2018 0 60.2 35.5 6.1 17.3 0.62
8 26.10.2018 0 63.1 35.7 6.1 15.9 0.82
9 30.10.2018 0 62.8 49.5 5.3 18.2 0.83
10 02.11.2018 0 62.2 36.0 6.1 14.8 0.83
11 06.11.2018 0 63.7 44.1 7.6 17.2 0.82
12 09.11.2018 0 61.6 40.1 6.1 15.9 0.62
13 13.11.2018 0 64.1 44.4 7.7 19.8 0.83
14 16.11.2018 0 60.8 46.3 7.7 19.9 1.04
15 20.11.2018 0 54.5 42.6 5.9 16.6 0.84
16 23.11.2018 0 59.5 46.3 6.0 18.1 1.06
17 27.11.2018 0 60.7 37.9 6.0 17.0 0.85
18 30.11.2018 0 67.6 51.4 5.3 17.2 0.84
19 04.12.2018 0 69.7 53.2 5.4 17.4 0.84
20 07.12.2018 0 61.4 47.4 5.0 16.1 0.85
21 11.12.2018 0 61.4 45.7 6.0 17.0 0.63
22 14.12.2018 0 61.1 44.4 5.4 17.3 0.83
23 18.12.2018 0 63.0 49.3 5.9 16.8 1.04
24 21.12.2018 0 58.8 41.9 5.7 17.3 0.85
25 25.12.2018 0 62.2 47.7 7.3 18.7 0.85
26 28.12.2018 0 57.8 35.9 5.0 16.1 1.06
Minimum 54.52 35.18 5.00 14.82 0.61
Maximum 69.66 53.23 8.36 19.92 1.06
Average 61.40 43.10 6.35 17.40 0.81

112

A6) “Deoghar Village ”
1 02.10.2018 0 63.7 32.7 8.7 20.5 0.46
2 05.10.2018 0 63.5 33.0 9.0 19.4 0.58
3 09.10.2018 0 65.5 29.5 7.9 20.2 0.46
4 12.10.2018 0 64.5 33.8 7.8 18.3 0.69
5 16.10.2018 0 62.9 38.6 9.0 19.3 0.58
6 19.10.2018 0 66.9 34.9 8.2 17.9 0.70
7 23.10.2018 0 67.5 31.3 8.5 18.7 0.57
8 26.10.2018 0 64.7 31.1 8.3 18.2 0.46
9 30.10.2018 0 60.5 29.5 7.9 20.2 0.23
10 02.11.2018 0 65.2 30.8 8.2 16.9 0.34
11 06.11.2018 0 64.5 38.9 8.3 19.4 0.69
12 09.11.2018 0 63.9 33.6 7.9 16.1 0.46
13 13.11.2018 0 66.2 37.9 8.3 21.3 0.57
14 16.11.2018 0 61.2 36.8 7.9 21.3 0.70
15 20.11.2018 0 69.8 42.5 9.1 20.0 0.59
16 23.11.2018 0 65.1 37.6 8.2 19.3 0.48
17 27.11.2018 0 65.0 41.4 6.7 18.1 0.47
18 30.11.2018 0 59.8 39.5 6.5 17.4 0.58
19 04.12.2018 0 60.6 36.4 8.3 19.4 0.70
20 07.12.2018 0 64.5 38.1 8.2 18.1 0.71
21 11.12.2018 0 63.0 36.1 6.7 19.3 0.60
22 14.12.2018 0 60.5 32.1 8.2 19.2 0.59
23 18.12.2018 0 59.6 42.5 8.0 17.5 0.47
24 21.12.2018 0 63.8 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.47
25 25.12.2018 0 63.5 39.0 8.2 21.1 0.58
26 28.12.2018 0 58.8 37.7 6.8 19.6 0.48
Minimum 58.78 29.46 6.49 16.13 0.23
Maximum 69.84 42.55 9.08 21.31 0.71
Average 63.64 35.93 8.03 19.14 0.54

113

A7) “Paharidih Village”
1 03.10.2018 0 70.2 36.1 9.6 22.6 0.96
2 06.10.2018 0 70.0 36.4 10.0 21.4 0.80
3 10.10.2018 0 72.2 32.5 8.7 22.2 0.97
4 13.10.2018 0 71.1 37.3 8.6 20.2 0.65
5 17.10.2018 0 69.3 42.5 9.9 21.3 0.79
6 20.10.2018 0 73.7 38.5 9.0 19.8 0.65
7 24.10.2018 0 74.4 34.6 9.4 20.6 0.96
8 27.10.2018 0 71.4 34.3 9.1 20.1 0.80
9 31.10.2018 0 66.8 32.5 8.7 22.2 0.95
10 03.11.2018 0 71.9 34.0 9.1 18.6 0.81
11 07.11.2018 0 71.2 42.8 9.1 21.4 0.65
12 10.11.2018 0 70.4 37.1 8.7 17.8 0.32
13 14.11.2018 0 73.0 41.8 9.1 23.5 0.49
14 17.11.2018 0 67.5 40.6 8.7 23.5 0.97
15 21.11.2018 0 77.0 46.9 10.0 22.0 0.66
16 24.11.2018 0 71.8 41.4 9.1 21.3 0.83
17 28.11.2018 0 71.7 45.7 7.4 19.9 0.99
18 01.12.2018 0 65.9 43.5 7.2 19.2 0.83
19 05.12.2018 0 66.8 40.2 9.1 21.4 0.67
20 08.12.2018 0 71.2 42.0 9.1 19.9 0.67
21 12.12.2018 0 69.4 39.9 7.4 21.3 0.83
22 15.12.2018 0 66.7 35.4 9.0 21.1 0.99
23 19.12.2018 0 65.7 46.9 8.8 19.3 0.98
24 22.12.2018 0 70.4 43.0 9.1 23.3 0.84
25 26.12.2018 0 70.1 43.0 9.1 23.3 0.83
26 29.12.2018 0 64.8 41.6 7.5 21.6 0.91
Minimum 64.80 32.49 7.15 17.78 0.32
Maximum 77.00 46.91 10.01 23.49 0.99
Average 70.17 39.63 8.86 21.10 0.8

114

A8) “Pachiyari Kothiya Village”
1 03.10.2018 0 66.8 34.4 9.1 21.5 0.39
2 06.10.2018 0 66.7 34.7 9.5 20.4 0.96
3 10.10.2018 0 68.8 30.9 8.3 21.2 0.96
4 13.10.2018 0 67.7 35.5 8.2 19.2 0.79
5 17.10.2018 0 66.0 40.5 9.4 20.3 0.80
6 20.10.2018 0 70.2 36.7 8.6 18.8 0.64
7 24.10.2018 0 70.9 32.9 8.9 19.6 0.64
8 27.10.2018 0 68.0 32.6 8.7 19.1 0.65
9 31.10.2018 0 63.6 30.9 8.3 21.2 0.65
10 03.11.2018 0 68.5 32.4 8.6 17.7 0.96
11 07.11.2018 0 67.8 40.8 8.7 20.4 0.96
12 10.11.2018 0 67.1 35.3 8.3 16.9 0.79
13 14.11.2018 0 69.6 39.8 8.7 22.3 0.80
14 17.11.2018 0 64.3 38.7 8.3 22.4 0.81
15 21.11.2018 0 73.3 44.7 9.5 21.0 0.96
16 24.11.2018 0 68.3 39.5 8.6 20.3 0.64
17 28.11.2018 0 68.2 43.5 7.1 19.0 0.65
18 01.12.2018 0 62.8 41.5 6.8 18.3 0.49
19 05.12.2018 0 63.6 38.3 8.7 20.4 0.83
20 08.12.2018 0 67.8 40.0 8.6 19.0 0.83
21 12.12.2018 0 66.1 38.0 7.1 20.3 0.50
22 15.12.2018 0 63.5 33.7 8.6 20.1 0.49
23 19.12.2018 0 62.5 44.7 8.4 18.4 0.67
24 22.12.2018 0 67.0 41.0 8.6 22.2 0.84
25 26.12.2018 0 66.7 41.0 8.6 22.2 0.83
26 29.12.2018 0 61.7 39.6 7.2 20.6 0.66
Minimum 61.72 30.94 6.81 16.93 0.39
Maximum 73.33 44.67 9.53 22.38 0.96
Average 66.82 37.75 8.43 20.10 0.73

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Source: M/S Wolkem India Limited.
The observed range of various parameters recorded, have been compared with the
National Ambient Quality Standards laid down by the Central Pollution Control Board.
TABLE 3.16 COMPARISON OF AIR MONITORING RESULTS
National
Ambient
S. No Result A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8
Air Quality
Standards
PM10
1 Minimum 48.62 57.81 59.71 60.07 54.52 58.78 64.80 61.72
2 Maximum 70.80 66.70 69.14 71.73 69.66 69.84 77.00 73.33 100(µg/m3)
3 Average 59.28 61.98 64.40 65.92 61.40 63.64 70.17 66.82
4 98 Percentile 69.52 65.84 69.10 71.62 68.62 68.67 75.71 72.10
PM2.5
1 Minimum 27.13 31.13 30.36 31.77 35.18 29.46 32.49 30.94
2 Maximum 42.71 44.20 51.01 51.41 53.23 42.55 46.91 44.67
60(µg/m3)
3 Average 34.77 36.63 39.22 43.23 43.10 35.93 39.63 37.75
4 98 Percentile 41.39 42.06 50.57 51.25 52.32 42.54 46.90 44.67
SO2
1 Minimum 7.08 5.82 5.77 5.72 5.00 6.49 7.15 6.81
2 Maximum 11.00 8.29 9.91 9.05 8.36 9.08 10.01 9.53
80(µg/m3)
3 Average 8.62 7.15 7.44 7.27 6.35 8.03 8.86 8.43
4 98 Percentile 10.96 8.20 9.85 8.88 8.19 9.06 9.99 9.52
NO2
1 Minimum 21.07 18.33 14.14 14.70 14.82 16.13 17.78 16.93
2 Maximum 31.52 26.04 21.29 22.32 19.92 21.31 23.49 22.38
80(µg/m3)
3 Average 26.37 22.22 18.05 17.95 17.40 19.14 21.10 20.10
4 98 Percentile 31.11 25.51 21.20 21.22 19.84 21.29 23.47 22.35
CO
1 Minimum 0.33 0.33 0.61 0.52 0.61 0.23 0.32 0.39
2 Maximum 1.01 1.01 1.05 0.89 1.06 0.71 0.99 0.96 4(mg/m3)
3 Average 0.77 0.801 0.73 0.63 0.81 0.54 0.8 0.73
4 98 Percentile 1.00 1.00 1.04 0.89 1.06 0.71 0.99 0.96
*NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 24-hr concentration in µg/m3 &
CO monitors value 1-hr concentration in mg/m3.

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3.4.7 Interpretation of Ambient Air quality.
PM10 level in the study area:

PM10 value recorded during the study period ranges between 48.62 µg/m3 to 77.00
µg/m3.
PM2.5 level in the study area:

PM2.5 value recorded during the study period ranges between 27.13 µg/m3 to
51.41µg/m3.
SO2 level in the study area:-

SO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 7.08µg/m3 to 11.00µg/m3.
NO2 level in the study area:-

NO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 16.13 µg/m3 to 31.52
µg/m3.
CO level in the study area: CO value recorded during the study period ranges
between 0.23 mg/m3 to 1.01 mg/m3.
Conclusion
From the baseline monitoring result, it is observed that the monitored parameters
(PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,) are within the permissible limits as per NAAQS, 2009 during
the study period.

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3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise pollution can be defined as an unpleasant and unwanted sound, causes annoyance,
distracts from work, and disturbs sleep, thus deteriorating quality of human environment.
The noise level monitoring in the study area was done at the ambient air environment
monitoring locations. Monitoring was done as per the CPCB guideline. The noise monitoring
results were compared with the Ambient Noise Quality Standard notified under
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00
am to 10.00 pm and night noise levels during 10.00 pm to 6.00 am, at all the 8 locations
covered in 10 km radius of the study area.
3.5.1 Monitoring Methodology of Noise Level

Noise standards have been designated for different types of land use, i.e. residential,
commercial, industrial and silence zones, as per ‘The Noise Pollution (Regulation and
Control) Rules, 2000, Notified by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi on
February 14, 2000’. Different standards have been stipulated during day time (6 am to 10
pm) and night time (10 pm to 6 am). The noise analysis within the study area was recorded
using Lutron sound level meter.
Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of loudness
upon frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has
been achieved by the use of A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument which
gives a direct reading of approximate loudness. A-weighted equivalent continuous sound
pressure level (Leq) values have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound
pressure level measured with the help of noise meter.
Source of Noise-The noise pollution will be generated due to operational activity like D.G.
set, machinery, moving & transportation of vehicles etc.

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Parameters Measured During Monitoring-

 L Day- Average noise levels between 6 am to 10 pm.
 L Night -Average noise levels between 10 pm to 6 am.
3.5.2 Location of noise monitoring stations

The location of Noise level monitoring is presented in below table.
TABLE 3.17: LOCATION OF NOISE MONITORING STATIONS

Sr.
Area Description Station Code
No.
1. Project site NQ 1
2. 500 D/W direction at NQ 2
Gharmara Village
3. Deopur Village NQ 3
4. Bhanra Village NQ 4
5. Ghirudia Village NQ 5
6. Deoghar Village NQ 6
7. Paharidih Village NQ 7
8. Pachiyari Kothiya Village NQ8

119
3.5.3 Noise Level Results

The noise monitoring within the study area was recorded using sound level meter and
results are given in the table below:
TABLE 3.18: NOISE LEVEL WITHIN THE STUDY AREA (Unit – dBA)
Noise levels dB(A)
S. Name of the Area Category Leq day Leq night
Code location (6.0 AM TO 10.0 (10.0 PM TO
PM) 6.0AM)
NQ1 Project site Industrial Area 51.3 37.6
NQ2 500 D/W direction Residential Area 50.2 37.8

at Gharmara Village
NQ3 Deopur Village Residential Area 53.5 39.2
NQ4 Bhanra Village Residential Area 51.5 37.7
NQ5 Ghirudia Village Residential Area 51.1 35.3
NQ6 Deoghar Village Residential Area 54.5 39.1
NQ7 Paharidih Village Residential Area 47.7 35.7
NQ8 Pachiyari Kothiya Residential Area 52.4 37.6

Village

120
TABLE 3.19: CPCB NOISE STANDARD

Category of Zones Leq in dB (A)
Day Night
Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence Zone 50 40
a. Day time is from 6.00 Am to 10.00PM.
b. Night time is reckoned between 10.00 PM to 6.00AM
c. Silence zone is defined as an area up to 100m around premises of hospitals,

educational institution and courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of
crackers is banned in these zones.
Note: Mixed categories of areas are declared as one of the four above mentioned
categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall
apply.
Conclusion-
During the study period ambient noise level were monitored and observed maximum level
was: 54.5 dB (A) recorded during day time at Deoghar Village & minimum was 35.3dB (A)
recorded during night time in Ghirudia Villages.

121
3.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological
status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the
probable impacts on the biological environment.
Objective of study:-The basic objective of the study is to assess the ecological impacts of the
proposed project and formulate suitable environmental management plan for
minimizing or avoiding the negative impacts that are likely to occur due to the
construction and operation of the project in the area.
SCOPE OF STUDY
Flora
• Characterization of forest types as per Champion and Seth (1968).
• Quantitative assessment of plant diversity.
• Documentation of Tree, Shrubs, Herbs.
• Existence of National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, etc. in the study should be
detailed.
• Listing of economically important plants including medicinal, timber, fuel etc.
• Details of endemic species found in the study area.
• Documentation of flora under RET categories.
• Cropping pattern and agricultural practices in the study area.
Fauna
• Documentation of animals, avian, frogs, fish, snakes and other wildlife in the study
area.
• Documentation of fauna under RET categories.
Survey Methodology: - Before embarking on to baseline ecological status of study area, a

brief sketch of methodology adopted for baseline data collection is essential. The study was
conducted by field area experts with the help of secondary sources like forest department,
text books, internet sources and consultation with local people. The following methodology
was adopted for study of flora and fauna.

122
TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY
Floral assessment
The present study on the floral assessment for the proposed project activity is based on
extensive field survey of the area. The study was conducted in post monsoon season the
plant species were identified with the help of taxonomists of related fields and nearby
Institutions. Besides the collection of plant species, information was also collected with
vernacular names of plant species made by local inhabitants. In this process the whole study
area was divided into different sections to get the maximum diversity of plant species. The
sampling sites were selected based on land use pattern, topography and floristic
composition of the study area. The other relevant data on bio-diversity, like economically
important plant species and medicinal plant, rare and endangered species in the study area
was collected from secondary sources like forest and wild life departments.
Equipment/Material used: -
Digital camera, GPS, Brunton Compass, Magnifying Glass, Hammer, Sample bag, Binocular,
Rope, ballpoint pen, field notebook, etc.
Faunal Assessment: - The study of fauna takes substantial amount of time to understand
the specific faunal characteristics of the area. The assessment of fauna was done by
extensive field survey of the area. During survey, Line Transect method was used for the
study of mammals and Transact & Patch sampling was used for Amphibians, visual
encountered methods was used for reptiles, Aerial net was used for butterflies. The presence
of wildlife was also confirmed from animal call, foot marks, excreta and from the local
inhabitants depending on the animal sightings and the frequency of their visits in the project
area which was later confirmed from different government offices like forest department,
wildlife department etc.
Avifaunal Assessment: - Observations of birds were made during a walk through in the
chosen transect for sighting birds. The number of birds observed in each sampling location
was listed. Birds were noted, and identified with the help of 8X40 “Optima Zenith” binocular
and standard field identification guides.

123
FOREST AND FOREST TYPE OF STUDY AREA

The forest of study area falls under tropical dry deciduous forest Sal & Teak are two major
tree species of these forest type. Other species area Mahua, Tendu, Bamboo Etc.
TABLE 3.20: TYPE OF RESERVE FOREST AND PROTECTED FOREST WITHIN

STUDY AREA
Distance
S.No. Name Direction
(Km)
1 Tirkut Protected forest 14.3 ESE
2 Manikpur Open Mixed Jungle 7.3 NNW
3 Mixed Open Jungle 9.7 N
4 Lopariya Open Mixed Jungle 10.8 NW
5 Jethutanr Dense Mixed Jungle 9.8 W
6 Open Jungle 8.8 E
7 Open Jungle 11.3 ENE
8 Barwa Protected forest 12.7 SSW
FLORAL DIVERSITY OF THE STUDY AREA

Study was conducted in and around 10 km radius from the proposed site.
TABLE 3.21: CHECKLIST OF VEGETATION IN STUDY AREA

S.No COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME FAMILY
1 Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae
2 Harsingar Nyctanthis arbor-tristis Oleaceae
3 Harra Terminalia chebula Combretaceae
4 Jamun Syzigium cumini Myrataceae
5 Kachnar Bahunia variegata Fabaceae
6 Kalasiris Albizzia lebbeck Fabaceae
7 Karam Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae
8 Kendu Diospyros melanoxylon Ebenaceae
9 Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae
11 Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae
13 Palash Butea monosperma Fabaceae
14 Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae
15 Sagwan Tectona grandis Lamiaceae

124
16 Salai Boswellia serrata Bureraceae

17 Semal Salmalia malabarica Malvaceae
18 Munga Moringa oleifera Moringaceae
19 Amaltas Casia fistula Fabaceae
20 Aam Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae
21 Babul Acacia arabica fabaceae
22 Bael Aegle marmelos Rutaceae
23 Bahera Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae
24 Barhar Artocarpus lokoocha Moraceae
25 Bhelwa Semecarpus anacardium Anacadiaceae
26 Arjun Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae
SHRUBS & HERBS
27 Mamuri Antidesma acidum Phyllanthaceae
28 Poksunga Chromolaena odorata Asteraceae
29 Samarkand Clerodendrum serratum Lamiaceae
30 Salia banso Dendrocalamus strictus Poaceae
31 Baincha Flacourtia indica Salicaceae
32 Suna regada Grewia hirsute Malvaceae
33 Kurchi Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae
34 Naga-airi Lantana camara Verbenaceae
GRASSES
35 Chana ghas Imperata cylindrica Poaceae
36 Bichhauti Laportea interrupta Urticaceae
37 Phul jhadu Thysanolaena maxima Poaceae
Source: (i) Primary Survey (ii) Discussion with forest officials and local villagers,

125
Status of National park and Wild life sanctuaries:
There is no existence of any National Park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve, Wildlife corridor,
Tiger / Elephant reserve in the 10 km periphery of the proposed project site.
Status of endangered, endemic and threatened flora:
No endangered, endemic and threatened flora was observed within study area.
Medicinal plant species:
India is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of biodiversity. Medicinal plants
are not only a major resource base for the traditional medicine & herbal industry but also
provide livelihood and health security to a large segment of Indian population. About 1178
species of medicinal plants are estimated to be in trade of which 242 species have annual
consumption levels in excess of 100 metric tons/year. The herbal plants are very popular
because they have fewer side effects, and better patient compliance. The protection and
conservation of medicinal plant diversity against over exploitation by domestic and foreign
commercial interest without benefits accruing to the nation are clearly our priorities.
Plants observed within study area having medicinal properties are tabulated in given Table
TABLE 3.22: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA
S.N. Botanical name Common name Uses
1. Aegle marmelos Bel Used as food and medicine for
stomach trouble.
2. Artocarpus integrifolia Kathal A root decoction is used to alleviate
fever, treat diarrhoea, skin diseases
and asthma.
3. Azadirachta indica Neem Used as medicine for skin disease,
blood purification.
4. Bauhinia racemosa kachnar Reduce the swellings &Obesity.
5. Bombax ceiba Semal Roots use in Cold and cough, Apply
paste of its bark on wound, reduce
diabetes.
6. Cassia fistula Amaltas skin diseases, burning
sensations, boils, leprosy, Stomach
disorders,
7. Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leaf juice for eye ailments,
The wood and bark for blood
diseases, burning sensations,
dysentery, dyspepsia, leucoderma,
stomach problems, and skin
ailments.
8. Emblica officinalis Amla pickle, oil, medicine, hair oil and
shampoo

126
9. Syzygium cumini Jamun used as food, to make juice as

medicine for stomach trouble.
10. Ficus benghalensis Bargad Leaves are used for wound &
swellings.
11. Madhuca latifoli Mahua Bark are used for bronchitis, cough.
Bark can mix with ghee & use for
diabetes, leaves is used for Eczema.
12. Shorea robusta Sal Leaves & barks are curing skin,
stomach, ear and hair ailments.
13. Tectona grandis Sagwan/Teak timber
14. Terminalia arjuna Arjun Use for heart disease and related
chest pain, heart failure, high blood
pressure, and high cholesterol.
15. Terminalia chebula Harra Used in cold and cough & digestion
problem.
16. Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Reduce swelling and pain. Tulsi
cures in many skin disorders. It is
efficient in skin rashes, insect bites
and itching. Trampled leaves of
Tulsi are extremely efficient in fever,
cough, bronchitis and other
medicinal problem of lungs.
Crops & Cropping pattern
The main economic activity in the area is agriculture. Paddy, wheat and maize are the main
crops in the district. The agro climatic condition of the district is suitable for cultivation of a
variety of fruits like mango, guava, jackfruit and vegetables like cauliflower, tomato, brinjal
etc. However, in the absence of assured irrigation facility, agriculture is primarily rain-fed
and as a result, mainly mono-cropping and subsistence farming is practiced.
FAUNAL DIVERSITY IN STUDY AREA:-

Study was conducted in and around 10 km radius from the proposed site. The faunal groups
were recorded mostly on the basis of secondary information like discussion with forest
officials and local villagers No Schedule –I fauna has been reported in study area.

127
TABLE 3.23: MEDICINAL PLANTS OBSERVED WITHIN STUDY AREA

S. No. Scientific Name Common IUCN Status Schedule as
Name per WPA,
1972
Mammals
1 Sus scrofa Wild boar
2 Canis aureus Jackal Least II
Concern
3 Funambulus palmarum* Squirrel Least -
Concern
4 Herpestes edwardsii* Mongoose Least II
Concern
5 Lutrogale perspicillata Otter Vulnerable II
6 Lepus nigricollis* Hare Least IV
Concern
7 Macaca mulatta* Rhesus Least II
monkey Concern
8 Viverricula indica Civet Least II
Concern
REPTILES
9 Naja naja Cobra Least II
Concern
10 Ptyas mucosus Rat Snake - II
11 Vipera russelli Viper - II
12 Chameleon zeylanicus Chameleon Least II
Concern
13 Hemidactylus frenatus House lizard Least
Concern
BIRDS
15 Acridotheres tristis* Common Least IV
myna Concern
16 Milvus migrans Kite Least -
Concern
17 Passerdomesticus* Sparrow Least -
Concern
18 Corvus splendens* Crow Least V
Concern
19 Columba livia* Pigeon Least -
Concern
20 Ardeola grayii Pond heron Least IV
Concern
21 Gallus gallus Jungle fowl Least IV
Concern
22 Anastromis oseitens* Grey crane Least IV
Concern
23 Oriolus xantornus Black hooded Least IV
oriole Concern

128
24 Athene brama Owl Least IV

Concern
25 Psittacula krameri Parakeet Least IV
Concern
26 Nycticoraxnycticorax Night heron Least IV
Concern
27 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Least IV
Concern
28 Streptopellchinopensis Dove IV
FISHES
29 Catla catla Carp Least -
Concern
30 Labeo rohita Rohu Least -
Concern
31 Clarias batrachus Cat fish Least -
Concern
32 Cirrhina mrigal Mrigal Least -
Concern
Source: (i) Primary Survey (ii) Discussion with forest officials and local villagers,
Status of REET Species:- No rare, Endangered, Endemic Threatened species have been
observed during study.
Source: Survey team in consultation with concern state forest officials, secondary sources
and consultation with local people.
3.7 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT OF THE STUDY AREA

The study of socio-economic component of environment incorporates various facets, viz.
demographic structure, availability of basic amenities such as housing, education, health and
medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation, communication and power supply,
prevailing diseases in the region as well as features such as places of tourist attraction and
monuments of archaeological importance. The study of these parameters helps in identifying
predicting and evaluating the likely impacts due to project activity in the surrounding
region.
The project is for Proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Project for
Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot no 723, 723/752, 701,702, 720
Rakba:-23.56 Acre, Thana Number – 242, Khata No.-58, Distt- Deoghar Jharkhand. On the
basis of available census data, 2011 different aspects of socio economic condition of total 92
villages in the study area have been analysed and surveyed.

129
Methodology used for the Field survey
In order to access and evaluate likely impacts arising out of any development projects on
socio economic environment, it is necessary to gauge the apprehensions of the people in the
study areas.
Methodology applied for selection of sample & data collection
The methodology which is applied for primary source of data collection i.e. gathering data
through field survey for socio-economic environment is depicted below:
A. Sampling Method
A judgmental and purposive sampling method was used for choosing respondents of various
sections of the society i.e. Sarpanch, adult males and females, teachers, medical practitioners,
businessmen, agriculture laborers, unemployed group etc. Judgmental and purposive
sampling method includes the right cases from the total population that helps to fulfill the
purpose of research needs.
B. Data Collection Method
For the process of data collection through primary source farming methods are used:
Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile – 2011

The sociological aspects of this study include human settlements, demography, social strata
such as Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and literacy levels besides infrastructure
facilities available in the study area. The economic aspects include occupational structure of
workers. The information on socio-economic aspects of the study area has been collected
from secondary sources, which mainly include District Primary Census 2011 Deoghar
district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar.
1. Data Collection and Quality Assurance
The latest available data have been complied to generate the existing socio-economic
scenario of the study area. Information on socio-economic profile was collected from the
Primary Census Abstract CD 2011, including the population details of the region and Village
Directory CD 2011, having the details of basic amenities available in the region. In the 10 km
radius study area constitute 92 villages from Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district,
Bihar.

130
Census 2011 data of SOCIO – ECONOMIC REPORT ON MSW PROJECT FOR DEOGHAR NAGAR NIGAM, PACHIYARI KOTHIYA
Table 00 - 10 KM
VILLAGE,
DISTRICT-DEOGHAR, JHARKHAND.
Population Population 0-6 SC Population ST Population Literates Workers
Population 06
ST Population
SC Population
Main Worker
Total worker
Village name
Non Worker
Households
Population
ST Female
SC Female
Female06
Marginal
Male 06
ST Male
SC Male
Sl.
worker
Female
M_LIT
P_LIT
F_LIT
P_ILL
Total
Total
No of
Male
N.
CD BLOCK Deoghar
1 Tulsitanr 50 232 125 107 40 20 20 0 0 0 97 58 39 90 63 27 142 73 57 16 159
2 Badladih 69 355 185 170 58 33 25 0 0 0 344 180 164 175 109 66 180 165 77 88 190
100
3 Roydi 211 520 487 194 100 94 471 230 241 0 0 0 396 253 143 611 287 144 143 720
7
4 Gobindpur 120 497 261 236 82 33 49 325 172 153 9 5 4 283 191 92 214 185 145 40 312
5 Bichkora 57 345 184 161 47 26 21 0 0 0 329 177 152 119 85 34 226 163 163 0 182
102
6 Sagdaha 181 554 472 138 68 70 431 243 188 0 0 0 723 451 272 303 271 252 19 755
6
209 109 100 107 102 146
7 Gangti 309 495 246 249 0 0 0 0 0 0 699 377 632 426 206
6 4 2 6 0 4
8 Kiradih 93 511 256 255 113 51 62 330 163 167 0 0 0 208 134 74 303 130 22 108 381
9 Kharhara 112 706 377 329 98 50 48 256 142 114 0 0 0 436 271 165 270 171 120 51 535

131
10 Ghaghi 140 955 498 457 217 103 114 0 0 0 0 0 0 478 311 167 477 299 151 148 656
Gidha
11 123 654 348 306 127 67 60 67 36 31 175 95 80 380 251 129 274 320 164 156 334
Patharh
147 105
12 Kusmaha 246 825 648 224 136 88 135 74 61 0 0 0 632 425 416 509 482 27 964
3 7
Daradmar
13 100 524 268 256 112 59 53 442 219 223 2 2 0 248 152 96 276 265 231 34 259
a
Godi
14 148 779 395 384 177 91 86 420 222 198 0 0 0 336 205 131 443 381 74 307 398
Jamuya
153 106
15 Sarsa 273 830 709 268 146 122 463 243 220 0 0 0 992 603 389 547 472 459 13
9 7
16 Debpur 131 663 358 305 101 56 45 148 76 72 0 0 0 445 265 180 218 226 96 130 437
Basmandi
17 78 410 222 188 68 32 36 4 2 2 0 0 0 249 177 72 161 200 67 133 210
h
175
18 Sankari 331 881 869 347 176 171 908 454 454 0 0 0 908 546 362 842 901 192 709 849
0
19 Naiadih 54 300 150 150 61 32 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 148 87 61 152 96 17 79 204
20 Bisunpur 61 375 195 180 77 44 33 102 50 52 66 38 28 140 97 43 235 196 14 182 179
21 Lakra 17 98 56 42 14 6 8 0 0 0 98 56 42 53 41 12 45 48 1 47 50
22 Siatanr 60 361 184 177 77 40 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 137 83 54 224 208 99 109 153
23 Purwari 159 923 462 461 145 61 84 0 0 0 114 55 59 517 316 201 406 287 232 55 636

132
Kothia
Pachhiari 123
24 194 652 580 213 104 109 139 74 65 136 70 66 734 469 265 498 483 133 350 749
Kothia 2
25 Garibkhil 29 148 78 70 29 16 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 47 30 71 50 24 26 98
336 178 158 103 183 113 153 110 226
26 Gidhni 653 606 305 301 557 480 13 5 8 696 978 126
9 2 7 7 3 7 6 4 5
27 Pachrukhi 39 186 101 85 25 13 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 72 44 70 60 35 25 126
28 Kumaitha 58 376 182 194 85 43 42 58 28 30 0 0 0 221 121 100 155 89 86 3 287
Chamaridi
29 44 229 128 101 44 25 19 8 4 4 0 0 0 145 82 63 84 70 44 26 159
h
30 Kanpur 89 469 238 231 87 45 42 468 237 231 1 1 0 259 159 100 210 159 131 28 310
CD BLOCK Mohanpur
Dhawagha
31 112 648 333 315 122 60 62 0 0 0 152 73 79 316 196 120 332 296 194 102 352
t
116
32 Bara 220 599 570 261 134 127 173 83 90 0 0 0 452 306 146 717 411 162 249 758
9
33 Jamua 50 285 148 137 69 29 40 175 91 84 0 0 0 137 95 42 148 128 83 45 157
34 Bisuwani 137 768 385 383 156 71 85 86 43 43 0 0 0 157 115 42 611 406 225 181 362
35 Nawadih 78 504 260 244 81 41 40 20 11 9 0 0 0 236 158 78 268 134 133 1 370
36 Khobha 68 432 251 181 77 49 28 179 100 79 0 0 0 224 154 70 208 188 114 74 244
37 Biyahi 48 255 130 125 43 14 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 111 77 34 144 82 58 24 173

133
38 Saraia 33 119 60 59 16 7 9 12 6 6 6 3 3 99 52 47 20 34 34 0 85
39 Hirna 53 269 146 123 60 32 28 46 26 20 0 0 0 149 101 48 120 65 54 11 204
40 Tardiha 59 301 145 156 68 29 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 86 59 27 215 131 49 82 170
41 Salaiya 67 389 202 187 88 42 46 0 0 0 317 162 155 128 84 44 261 202 202 0 187
42 Nokhil 43 227 124 103 40 26 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 63 43 20 164 108 40 68 119
Mahadew
43 69 309 174 135 32 15 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 206 133 73 103 157 17 140 152
a
44 Jiyapani 50 247 132 115 47 25 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 71 42 134 59 34 25 188
45 Ratanpur 130 579 303 276 115 57 58 191 99 92 4 2 2 252 167 85 327 146 132 14 433
46 Udaypur 22 105 57 48 13 5 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 39 22 44 33 14 19 72
47 Letwa 47 213 110 103 25 11 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 81 64 68 52 38 14 161
48 Sonwan 72 315 153 162 82 40 42 0 0 0 283 137 146 138 81 57 177 73 34 39 242
49 Kairbank 64 321 171 150 40 19 21 70 37 33 0 0 0 164 96 68 157 135 134 1 186
50 Harilajori 44 201 102 99 15 9 6 1 1 0 19 10 9 141 74 67 60 70 70 0 131
51 Rudarpur 102 540 277 263 95 42 53 151 76 75 0 0 0 194 128 66 346 252 179 73 288
52 Chirudih 51 316 169 147 64 34 30 304 162 142 0 0 0 167 104 63 149 102 88 14 214
301 157 143 147 153 130 170
53 Malhara 534 527 279 248 664 350 314 0 0 0 954 522 992 312
1 8 3 6 5 4 7
Mahat
54 152 916 479 437 176 92 84 0 0 0 39 21 18 432 283 149 484 317 241 76 599
Baindih
55 Chauphal 95 531 286 245 91 52 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 186 92 253 242 147 95 289

134
Dumartha
56 133 730 404 326 101 54 47 410 226 184 1 0 1 445 293 152 285 186 147 39 544
r
108
57 Amgachhi 197 585 496 199 113 86 399 212 187 0 0 0 620 385 235 461 389 384 5 692
1
Birhabara
58 31 171 92 79 38 16 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 76 49 27 95 56 54 2 115
n
59 Baliyadah 32 186 95 91 37 18 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 83 61 22 103 48 48 0 138
60 Ranga 29 145 76 69 32 19 13 11 7 4 61 30 31 56 33 23 89 56 53 3 89
61 Mejurnach 137 726 372 354 108 51 57 4 2 2 263 140 123 308 201 107 418 357 154 203 369
188 139 118
62 Ghormara 397 971 909 288 141 147 401 199 202 0 0 0 774 621 485 696 283 413
0 5 4
STATE BIHAR DISTRICT BANKA CD BLOCK CHANAN
63 Gopdih 197 944 501 443 157 71 86 598 318 280 2 2 0 486 324 162 458 245 170 75 699
64 Tola Lauri 70 403 230 173 62 45 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 169 121 48 234 198 60 138 205
Tola
65 85 552 297 255 87 43 44 74 48 26 0 0 0 181 124 57 371 329 190 139 223
Bhelgaro
Tola
66 Bhartham 69 351 178 173 73 28 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 120 55 176 156 53 103 195
tari
Tola
67 88 385 195 190 75 33 42 344 166 178 0 0 0 95 74 21 290 221 30 191 164
Kadarsa

135
68 Jamuni 84 471 252 219 80 47 33 0 0 0 97 53 44 186 132 54 285 363 147 216 108
146
69 Birnian 271 775 690 240 128 112 343 174 169 0 0 0 780 506 274 685 804 380 424 661
5
148
70 Bhanra 295 790 698 252 135 117 31 18 13 0 0 0 734 496 238 754 593 409 184 895
8
71 Kasoi 116 582 295 287 113 56 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 259 150 109 323 236 69 167 346
72 Baghmari 87 471 242 229 96 48 48 0 0 0 0 0 0 254 154 100 217 194 122 72 277
73 Biahi 92 522 287 235 115 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 268 180 88 254 282 256 26 240
74 Bhojpura 9 56 31 25 11 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 26 24 14 10 32
361 184 177 146 159 202 177 139 184
75 Siljori 674 744 363 381 745 718 241 111 130 992 604 375
9 1 8 3 6 3 3 8 6
76 Pahridih 128 625 325 300 132 63 69 0 0 0 0 0 0 197 136 61 428 321 308 13 304
77 Baratanr 119 624 337 287 136 68 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 226 153 73 398 246 77 169 378
78 Manikpur 43 285 150 135 55 26 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 58 27 200 73 73 0 212
79 Jugri 153 773 388 385 202 94 108 0 0 0 0 0 0 234 156 78 539 349 330 19 424
80 Parsia 50 323 165 158 63 34 29 48 24 24 0 0 0 129 83 46 194 118 22 96 205
113
81 Dubba 228 584 555 231 105 126 0 0 0 0 0 0 421 285 136 718 367 218 149 772
9
Heth 148 101
82 304 751 734 294 153 141 588 294 294 5 2 3 590 369 221 895 471 321 150
Chadan 5 4
83 Jhajha 127 774 429 345 142 77 65 0 0 0 48 25 23 377 275 102 397 390 245 145 384

136
197 103 136 130

84 Korhia 349 940 439 235 204 96 51 45 171 95 76 613 413 200 671 524 147
6 6 3 5
85 Lathane 201 999 503 496 212 99 113 194 95 99 0 0 0 436 280 156 563 288 223 65 711
86 Donia 50 252 129 123 59 28 31 0 0 0 33 16 17 55 45 10 197 70 52 18 182
87 Garkar 67 328 180 148 86 48 38 0 0 0 322 177 145 76 47 29 252 80 78 2 248
88 Biharo 128 833 442 391 133 76 57 3 1 2 2 1 1 273 198 75 560 432 117 315 401
Ghonghad
89 111 536 268 268 98 52 46 8 4 4 0 0 0 109 67 42 427 308 145 163 228
abar
90 Lohari 82 378 194 184 67 33 34 190 97 93 0 0 0 159 103 56 219 107 3 104 271
91 Patna 105 531 279 252 92 52 40 0 0 0 44 23 21 195 140 55 336 134 133 1 397
102
92 Harkhar 180 557 472 181 107 74 0 0 0 261 144 117 407 284 123 622 259 216 43 770
9
121 656 343 312 123 62 60 134 69 64 37 19 17 316 202 114 339 255 160 94 401
Total
47 76 89 87 02 71 31 89 92 97 55 69 86 82 27 55 94 17 90 27 59

137
As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 65676 persons. The distribution of
population in the study area is given below.
TABLE 3.24: DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Particulars 0-10 Km
No. of Households 12147
Male Population 34389
Female Population 31287
Total Population 65676
Male Population(0-6 Years) 6271
Female Population (0-6 Years) 6031
Total Population (0-6 Years) 12302
Average Household Size 5
% Of 0-6 Years to the total Population 18.73%
% Of males to the total Population 52.36%
% of females to the total Population 47.64%
Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 910
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district,
Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar
Human Settlement
The study area comprises 92 villages with population of about 65676 (Male-34389 & female
– 31287) and number of households are 12147. (According to the Census 2011).
Population
The total number of house hold is 12147 with an average house hold size of 5 people. Hence,
it is interpreted there are joint family systems in the study area. There are 65676 people in
the study area as per the census survey of India, 2011.
Gender Ratio
The data reveals that male and female percentage in this area is 52.36% and 47.64%
respectively. The study areas on an average 910 females are per 1000 males. Accordingly
census record the number of females per 1000 males indirectly reveals certain sociological
aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children. The complete
demography of the area is given above in table no.1. Child 0-6 sex ratio is 962 female to
1000 male. In SC category 929 female to 1000 male and in ST category 907 females to 1000
male, details are presented in Figure-1.

138
FIGURE 1: SEX RATIO IN THE STUDY AREA

1000
990
980
970 962
960
950
Series1
940
929
930
920 910
910 907
900
Total Female Female -06 Female - SC Female - SC
Ari District Density: - The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that
density of Deoghar district for 2011 is 602 people per sq. km.
Caste Categories:-
As per the classification under our constitution castes are divided into 4 major groups i.e.,
General, SC, ST and OBC as per their social status.
TABLE 3.25: DISTRIBUTION OF POPOLATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Particulars 0-10 km
Total Population 65676
SC Male Population 6992
SC Female Population 6497
Schedule Caste Total Population 13489
% to the total population 20.54%
ST Male Population 1969
ST Female Population 1786
Schedule Tribes Total Population 3755
% to the total population 5.72%
Total SC and ST population 17244
% to total population 26.26%
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district,
Jharkhand & Banka district, Bihar

139
Social stratification on the basis of caste is very much prevalent in our society from the
date back to the history. The population from general/upper castes is richer than SCs and
STs in terms of land and livestock. Various religion castes consisting of Hindus inhabit the
study area. As per 2011 census, the percentage of Schedule caste population is 20.54 % and
Schedule tribe population is only 5.72%, total population of SC and ST is 26.26% in study
areas which are very low. Details are presented in Figure 2
FIGURE 2: CASTE CATEGORIES IN THE STUDY AREA
Literacy Levels
The study area experiences a considerably average literacy rate of 59.36% (2011). The
distribution of literate and literacy rate of study area is in tabulated below -
TABLE 3.26: DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES

Particulars 0-10 km
Male population 34389
Female population 31287
Total population 65676
Male population (0-6years) 6271
Female population (0-6 years) 6031
Total population (0-6 years ) 12302
Male literates 20227
Female literates 11455
Total literates 31682
Male literacy rate (%) 71.94%
Female literacy rate (%) 45.36%
Total literacy rate (%) 59.36%
Total Illiterates 21692
Total Illiteracy rate (%) 40.64%
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand & Banka
district, Bihar

140
The male literacy i.e. the percentage of literate males to the total males works out to be
71.94%. The female literacy rate, which is an important indicator for social change, is
observed to be 45.36 % as per 2011 census records.
From the above given data, it is revealed that illiterate rate is higher in the study area.
40.64% Population is Illiterate in the study area. Literacy rate is given in Table 3.26 and
Figure 3
FIGURE 3 LITERACY RATE IN THE STUDY AREA
40.64%
59.36% Total literacy rate
Total Illiteracy rate
Employment Pattern
Economic resource base of any region mainly depends upon its economically active group
i.e. the working population involved in productive work. Work may be defined as
participation in any economically productive activity. Such participation may be physical or
mental in nature. Work not only involves actual work but also effective supervision and
direction of work. It also includes unpaid work on farm or in family enterprise.
There are different types of workers that may be classified as - those persons who had
worked for at least six months or 183 days are treated to be Main Workers, on the other
hand if person categorized as worker has participated in any economic or productive activity
for less than six months or 183 days during the last one year is treated as Marginal Worker.
Non–workers are those who have not worked any time at all in the year preceding the
enumeration.
The workers coming under the main and marginal workers category are those involved in
activities such as cultivation, agriculture, livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations,

141
orchards and allied activities, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, processing, servicing
and repairs in household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport, storage and
communication and other services.
TABLE 3.27: EMPLOYMENT PATTERN

Particulars 0-10 km
Total population 65676 (-12302)
Total population (0-6 years ) 12302
Total workers 25517
Work participation rate (%) 47.81%
Total main workers 16090
% of main workers to total population 30.15%
Marginal workers 9427
% of marginal workers to total population 17.66%
Non-workers 40159 (-12302)
% of non- workers to total population 52.19%
Source: Primary census abstract 2011, Deoghar district, Jharkhand &
Banka district, Bihar
As per 2011 census records altogether the main workers works out to be 30.15% of the total
population. The marginal workers and non-workers constitute to 16.66% and 52.19% of the
total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the
non-workers are the predominant population.
Main Workers Employment Pattern
Main workers are classified in four categories as cultivators, agricultural workers, household
industry workers and other workers. As per 2011 Census, Out of total 16090 main workers
in the study area, there were total 5573 cultivators (35%), 4200 agricultural workers (26%),
492 household industry workers (3%) and other workers 5825 (36%). Mostly in main
workers population other workers were highly found in study area.

142
FIGURE 4 EMPLOYMENT PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA
30.15%
Main Worker
52.19%
Marginal worker
17.66%
Non Worker
Infrastructure Facilities
The infrastructure and amenities available in the area denotes the economic wellbeing of the
region. The study area as a whole possesses poor to moderate level of infrastructure
facilities. However, in comparison with the facilities available in other parts of the districts,
this area has average level of amenities like education, health, drinking water, electrification,
transport and communication network.
A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has been done based on the
information given in District Census of Deoghar district, Jharkhand and Banka district, Bihar.
Educational Facilities
Educational status is positively correlated to the economic development of a person and the
society as a whole. This is very much reflected in the study area. In order to make the
education profile more informative the Local people have been grouped into eight
educational categories i.e., illiterate, literate, primary, HS, Intermediate, Graduate/PG, others
(includes technical education such as Hotel Management, Polytechnique, ITI etc.) and those
below the age of 5 years.
The general trend in the Buffer zone shows that the younger population is almost 80-90 %
literate, whereas the majority of illiterates are in the 50+ age group. Education in the study
area is average. The facilities are available in every village and is promoted and accepted.

143
The educational facilities are evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 67 primary
schools, 39 Middle Schools, 2 secondary schools, and 1 Sr. Secondary Schools in the study
area. The available educational facilities in the area as per 2011 district census are given
below.
EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE STUDY ARES

Govt Pre - Primary Govt Private Govt Private Govt Private Govt Senior
School Primary Primary Middle Middle Secondary Secondary Secondary
(Nursery/LKG/UKG) School School School School School School School
03 64 03 38 01 02 00 01
Health Status: - Health facilities, which include different types of hospitals and dispensaries, are
available in the area. The level of health facilities is found to be below average. Altogether there are
No Community Health Center, only 2 Primary Health Centers, 4 Primary Health Sub Centers, 1
Maternity and Child welfare Center, 2 TB Clinic, 1 Community Health Workers, 1 Dispensary, 1
Mobile Health Clinic, and 2 Family Welfare Centers in the study area. The available health facilities
are given below.
Community Primary Primary Maternit TB Hospital Dispensary Veterinary Mobile Family

Health Health Health y and Clinic Allopathic Hospital Health Welfare
Centre Centre Sub Child Clinic Centre
Centre Welfare
Centre
0 2 4 1 2 0 1 1 1 2
HEALTH FACILITIES
All the medical facilities are available at district headquarter which is 5 km away from the
project site.
Drinking water facilities: - Water is finite but all life is infinite from mankind’s viewpoint.
Hence water has to support and sustain all life – human, animal and plant. Some of villages
are connected with tap water facility and rest of villages has open wells, tube wells and Hand
pumps for source of drinking water.

144
Tap Water- Tap Water Covered Uncovered Hand Tube River/ Tank/ Pond/
Treated Untreated Well Well Pump Wells/ Canal Lake
Borehole
01 04 02 90 90 09 29 35
Electricity: - There is no source of electricity generation. All the power consumed is

received from Jharkhand State Electricity Board. (J.S.E.B). Almost all the villages are
connected with electricity in the study area.
Rail head: - Deoghar Junction is 3.26 km in South direction from project site.
Airport: - Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from project site.
Post: - Post Office is within in nearby villages and few villages have Post office or Sub Post
Office & most of all Villages are connected with mobile phone facilities in the study area.
Post Office Sub Post Office Telephone Public Call Private Courier
Office Facility
02 02 06 02 02
Bus: - Pachiyari Kothiya Village is well connected with Road facility and Pvt. Bus & Jeeps are
available for transportation. There is good network of road and most of the villages are
connected with POVED & MUD Road. The Bus facilities are available in all villages in the
Buffer zone but JSRTC (Jharkhand State Road Transport Corporation) Buses facility is very
poor in the areas.
Public Bus Private Bus Railway Auto/Modified Taxi Vans

Service Service Station Autos
21 13 20 24 14 19
The Primary data of socio economic status are collected in the study area. During study
period FAE & his team has discussed to the Villagers, School Teachers, Aaganbadi
Employees, Van Sahayak, Gram Sevak, Patwari, Sarpunch and Filled the socio economic
survey formats by randomly in core & buffer zone. The details are given below:
The Primary data of socio economic status are collected in the study area. During study
period FAE & his team has discussed to the Villagers, School Teachers, Aaganbadi
Employees, Van Sahayak, Gram Sevak, Patwari, Sarpunch and Filled the socio economic
survey formats by randomly in core & buffer zone. The details are given below:

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TABLE 3.28: LIST OF SAMPLING VILLAGES
Sr. No Name of Villages
1. Pachhiari Kothia
2. Chirudih
3. Ghormara
4. Bhanra
Salient Observation of the Survey/ Study Area
 House pattern: It is notable that Almost 47% of houses are made of Kutcha material, 33% of
houses are Pucca (brick) rest are Semi- pucca houses in study area.
 Employment: Main occupation of the people in the study area was labour work and
agriculture. And some of Business. The labours were getting daily wage in the range of Rs. 200-
450, depending on type of work involved.
 Fuel: Most of the villagers use fire woods and LPG for cooking purpose.
 Main Crops: The principal crops grown in agricultural farm were Rice, Maize, and Groundnut.
 Migration: During survey it was found that local population were migrating for employment
purpose. As well as others state peoples were came in that area for the labour work also due to
some Coal Industry.
 Sanitation: Sanitation facility coverage as found in primary survey may be comparatively

better in the urban areas, but in rural areas. Sanitation programme is going on in study area
under “Swachh Bharat Mission” and people are well aware about sanitation and its
sustainability. Most of households are creating toilets in study area and rest of household’s
work is going on.
 Drinking Water Facilities: Ground water is the major source of drinking water in the villages
wherein hand pumps, tap water and dug wells are installed. Almost, 63% of the respondents
expressed that they have common pump and bore-wells. About 34% respondents have
individual taps in their houses for water, whereas no respondent depend on the natural source
of water for their daily requirement.

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 Education Facilities: Most of the villages had education facilities in the form of Anganwadi
and Primary Schools. Higher education facilities were available in the range of 5-10 km.
Colleges and other diploma courses were available at district place.
 Transportation Facility: For transportation purpose Auto, Public and Private Bus services
were available. Transportation facilities were frequently available in the study area and
connecting major cities. Private vehicles like Bicycles & Motor Cycles were mostly used by
villagers for transportation purpose.
 Road Connectivity: Most of the roads were pucca and connecting to villages. Dambar and
cement roads were commonly seen inside the villages.
 Communication Facilities: For communication purpose mainly mobile phones, newspaper &
post offices were seen in the villages.
 Medical Facilities: The availability of medical facilities in the project area is much better in
urban areas. Also in the urban areas, there are more number of dispensaries, maternity and
family welfare centres as compared to the medical facilities in rural areas. However, in rural
areas there are more number of hospitals, mobile health clinic and other medical facilities. The
medical facilities in rural areas available are minimal and not all the rural areas have access to
these facilities.
 Electricity: The power supply connections in Villages are majorly used for domestic purposes,
Source/ Provider of Electricity is JECB Deoghar.
 Market Facility: Study area was predominantly semi urban type. In villages, small shops were
available for daily needs. Wholesale markets were available at town place.
 Animal’s husbandry: Normally local villagers are based upon poultry farms and cow,
Buffaloes, Goat, etc. Villagers are generating daily income from these animals. They are sailing
Milk to dairy point and get appropriate rates during the year and also supply the milk in their
village and nearby Hotels/ road side Dhaba.
 Savings: - At study area earnings of families are depend on agriculture crops, daily labour
work and some of their small type of business. 60% families has source of income is agriculture.
Their yearly income and expenditure is equal so they enable to do saving. 30% families are
having big agricultural land by which they earn more and having good savings.
 Family assets:-For assessing the family condition as per movable (material) assets
information has been taken from the study area. Its show that People have own Television sets,
tape, radio, mobile, LPG connections and refrigerator respectively in their houses. Few

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populations have two wheeler, 4 wheeler, tractors, water tankers and trucks & own some other
assets such as washing machine, telephone, VCD, sewing machine, etc.
Awareness and Opinion about the project
 The respondents from almost of all the villages are aware about this MSW project.
The respondents have mixed view about the project. Most of the respondents have
fear about the increased solid waste, air, water & soil contamination and emission
odour.
 Some respondents from the nearby villages have in the region show favorable opinion
about Project and associated activity as it may lead to increase in infrastructural facilities
and job opportunities.
 This will improve the living standard of society & will provide safe & hygienic
surroundings. It will also eliminate the passage of solid waste/garbage problems in sewer
lines.
 This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will improve the health
condition of the area and society.
Expectation from the project

 Local employment
 Plantation at nearby areas and ensure their survival rate.
 Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the living & health condition
of inhabitants in the area.
 Free Medical facilities for villagers and organize medical camps in nearby villages for
seasonable diseases.
 Integrated Solid waste management project will ensure timely collection of waste,
efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment friendly manner.
IMPACT ON HUMAN SETTLEMENT

The impact on socio economic of surrounding area will be positive, as Project will directly
employ the local workers. Preference to local people residing nearby will be given direct
employment for this project. There is no displacement of any habitation or personnel and
hence the rehabilitation and resettlement action plan is not required.
 Impact on Social Status: The study area is predominantly inhabited by rural population.
The proposed project is likely to provide more opportunities in employment to this area. The
preference in employment will be provided to the local residents in this area. Thus, population

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of the study area will be benefited due to the project in terms of direct and indirect
employment opportunities.
 Impact on Civic Amenities: Cattles & other stray animals are used to roam around the
existing open dump site, which creates disturbance to society. Open dumping of waste also
creates an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. It will control the diseases
menace which gets spread due to the unattended waste lying at dumping site which attracts
flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread diseases in society. This leads to unhygienic
conditions and thereby causes rise in the health problem. Open dumping of waste also creates
an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. Through this project a scientific
technology of waste management shall be developed.
 Impact on Public Health: Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the
living & health condition of inhabitants in the area. Littering of waste creates nuisance due to
unpleasant view and emission of foul odour. It will eliminate the ground for breeding of
mosquitoes & disease causing pathogens. Integrated Solid waste management project will
ensure timely collection of waste, efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment
friendly manner. This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will
improve the health condition of the area and society.
 Impact on Health Care Facilities: While MSW activities, sufficient care will be taken in
providing health facilities to their employees besides organizing various medical camps for the
surrounding villages. The improved health care facilities improve the quality of life in the area.
 Impact on Economic Aspects: Project will generate both direct & indirect employment.
Local people will be preferred for giving employment. This will improve economic status of the
area. Emigration of local people to other parts of state/country due to unavailability of
employment will be reduced.
 Impact on Archeological and Historical and Places of Religious worship & Tourist
Places: The MSW project is unlikely to cause any impact on these places or structures or
devotees.
Socio-Economic Development
Based on the requirement of the people in the area, various development activities will be
taken by Deoghar Nagar Nigam regularly. The basic requirement of the community are

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strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the township to the
community, providing drinking water to the villages affected, building/strengthening of
existing roads in the area etc.; In order to obtain felt needs of the surrounding villagers for
effective implantation of desired needs. The proposed project may create opportunities for
indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring, labors, trading of construction material,
service sector etc. This will help in improving the socio economic status of the region.
STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The socio-economic conditions in the study area indicate the quality of life of the people. The
important indicators which decide the quality of life and required to be improved for better
living conditions are literacy levels, occupational structure, industrial development,
infrastructural facilities, transportation, communication linkages, land development and
cropping pattern. The project proponents are envisaging undertaking the following socio-
economic measures.
 Health Care: The adequate funds will be allocated for mobile dispensary, family planning,
medical camps and aid to the Govt. hospitals.
 Educational Facilities: These include adult education facilities, financial assistance for
higher studies, sponsorship to vocational / professional training institution, computer
education camps, vocational training for students and aid to existing/proposed Govt. schools
and colleges.
 Civic Amenities: These include support to community toilets, drinking water facilities like
public stand posts, elevated service reservoirs, playgrounds for children and recreation
facilities for all age groups. In addition to this participation and support to government efforts.
 Employment: Development of project will provide employment opportunity to local skilled,

unskilled & semiskilled people during both construction & operation phase. Indirect
employment may also generate during construction phase of project. Tea stalls, and food shop
may come up around project site for workers. Almost local labour will be engaged for the allied
activity like marketing and sale of products like compost may further require more man power
engagement.
******

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CHAPTER-IV
ANTICIPATED IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Any development activity in its wake will bring about some impacts associated with its
origin, which can be broadly classified as reversible, irreversible, long and short-term
impacts, in this chapter, an endeavour has been made to identify various environmental
impacts associated with the operation of facility and other activities wherein, there may be
chance of pollution.
Based on the possible worst case emission and waste generation from the proposed project
and also taking into considering the base line environmental status at the proposed project
site, the environmental factors that are likely to be affected (impacts) are identified,
quantified and assessed. Both instrumental (positive) and detrimental (negative) impacts
are accounted for this purpose.
4.2. IMPACTS DURING DEVELOPMENT PHASE

Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, excavation, material
handling, building works, infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities.
The impacts due to construction activities are short term and area limited to the
construction phase. The impacts will be mainly on air quality, water quality and soil quality.
4.2.1 Impacts due to Solid Waste
This category of waste generation in the proposed project is due to different types of raw
materials being used during construction stage in general may comprise the following.
• Cement concrete
• Bricks, tiles,
• Cement plaster
• Steel (RCC, door/ window frames, roofing support, railings of staircase etc)
• Rubble, sand, Stone (Marble, granite, sand stone)
• Timber/wood
• Paints/varnishes

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Mitigation Measures-
The solid waste generated during this period being predominantly inert in nature. Hence
maximum effort would be made to reuse and recycle them. The most of the solid waste
material can be used for filing/ levelling of low-laying areas within the site. All attempts
should be made to stick to the following measures.
 All construction waste shall be stored within the site itself. A proper screen will be
provided so that the waste does not get scattered.
 Attempts will be made to keep the waste segregated into different heaps as far as
possible so that their further gradation and reuse is facilitated.
 Materials, which can be reused for purpose of construction, levelling, making roads/
pavement will also be kept in separate heaps from those which are to be sold or land
filled.
The use of the construction material basically depends on their separation and conditions of
the separated material. A majority of these materials are durable and therefore, have a high
potential for reuse. It would, however, be desirable to have quality standards for the
recycled materials. Construction waste can be used in the following manner.
 Reuse of bricks, tiles, stone slabs, timber, piping railings etc to the extent possible and
depending upon their conditions.
 Sale/ auction of materials which cannot be used at the site due to design
constraint.
 Plastics, broken glass, scrap metal etc will be stored and processed within the site
premises.
 Rubble/ brick bats can be used for building activity, such as levelling, under coat of
lanes where the traffic does not constitute heavy moving loads.
 Larger unusable pieces can be sent for filing up low laying areas.
 Fine material such as sand, dust, etc can be used as cover material.
 The unearthed soil can be used for levelling as well as for lawn development.
 The broken pieces of the flooring material can be used for levelling in the building
or can be disposed of.

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4.2.2. Impact on Air Quality

The principal potential source of air quality impact arising from the construction of the
proposed project is fugitive dust generation. The dust, measurable as Suspended Particulate
Matter and Respirable Suspended Particulates would be generated as a result of
construction activities.
The potential dust sources associated with construction activities are loading and unloading
of the materials, top soil removal, transport vehicles moving over unpaved roads, thus
getting dust air borne and wind erosion.
Among all the construction activities, site formation has the highest potential for causing
dust nuisance to the nearby air sensitive locations. During the construction of the project,
existing houses nearby may be subject to the potential dust impacts.
Proposed mitigation measure-

1) The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water sprinkling
on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out at least twice a
day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days, in this way around 50%
reduction on the dust contribution from the exposed surface will be achieved.
2) Temporary tin sheets of sufficient height (3m) will be erected around the site of dust
generation or all around the project site as barrier for dust control.
3) Tree plantations around the project boundary will be initiated at the early stages.
4) In Plantation of regular watering will be done, so that the area will be moist for most
part of the day.
5) To reduce the dust movement from civil construction site to the neighbourhood the
external part of the building (administration, canteen, etc.) will be covered by plastic
sheets.
4.2.3. Impact on Water Quality
Preparation of designated area of land for subsequent development activities involves

levelling the ground surface, removal of vegetation, stockpiling and generation of
construction waste. The site formation may produce large quantities of run-off with high
suspended solids loading in the absence of appropriate mitigation measures.

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Proposed mitigation measures –

During site development necessary precautions will be taken, so that the runoff water from
the site gets collected to working pit and if any over flow is, it will be diverted to nearby
greenbelt/ plantation area. During construction activity all the equipment washed water will
be diverted to working pit to arrest the suspended solids, if any and the settled water will be
reused for construction purposes, and for sprinkling on roads to control the dust emission,
etc. The domestic sewage generated will be treated through septic tank/soak pit.
To prevent surface and ground water contamination by oil/grease, leak proof containers will
be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease. The floors of oil/grease handling area
will be kept effectively impervious. Avoid excavation during monsoon season. Check dams
shall be provided to prevent construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water
bodies.
4.2.4. Impact of Noise levels
The major activities, which produce periodic noise, during construction phase, are as
follows:
 Foundation works
 Fabrication of structures
 Plant erection
 Operation of construction equipment
 Movement of vehicles etc.
Mitigation Measures – Noise

All noise generating equipment will be used during day time for brief period of its
requirement. Proper enclosures will be used for reduction in noise levels and where ever
possible the noise generating equipment will be kept away from the human habitation.
Therefore, impact on noise environment due to proposed project on surrounding habitation
would be insignificant. All vehicles entering into the project will be informed to maintain
speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required.

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4.3 IMPACT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE

4.3.1. Impact on Land Environment and Mitigation Measures
Permanent change in land use and topography will occur due to the proposed project as the
open land will be used for Development of Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and
Engineered Sanitary Landfill facility. But land acquisition will not be a problem as the entire
project an area has no habitation and is already earmarked for waste processing and landfill
site.
The proposed landfill shall be constructed in line with Solid Waste Management Rules 2016
and guidelines from CPCB and MoEFCC. There will not be any major negative impact on
water environment (groundwater/surface water) from the proposed landfill. The liner
system will avoid leachate from entering into the groundwater. Monitoring bore wells shall
be established around the landfill to keep track of any contamination, which is unlikely
because of the liner system and engineering landfill construction. The leachate generated
from the landfill shall be collected in a leachate holding tank and it is used back on the
landfill for dust suppression. Excess leachate shall be properly treated in evaporation ponds
etc.
Impact on Top Soil
No significant impact is expected on the soils on and around the site, due to the following
management measures:
 All solid wastes and hazardous wastes from the plant complex are properly collected,
stored and disposed.
 The entire plant site area would be well drained and thus, there would be no leaching
of any substances in case of spills, which would be maintained well confined to the
spot and be decontaminated.
 Reject Treatment.
Hence, no negative impact on soil quality on the project site is expected due to the
proposed project activities.

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4.3.2 Impact on Water Environment and Mitigation Measures

Impact on Ground water
During operational phase, there is a potential threat for the contamination of ground water
due to the generation of leachates particularly during rains when the surface runoff infiltrate
down the surface of finished and the operational cells of the landfills. Leaching may occur
and ground water may get contaminated if proper mitigation measures are not taken to
avoid the contact of Leachate with ground water. The base of the landfill shall be a minimum
of 2m above the highest groundwater level in order to mitigate any plausible contamination
of water.
Also the water retained in the cells of the landfills shall drift downwards under gravity and
may reach the ground water table. Sewage generated from domestic activities of workers at
the site can be potential source of ground water contamination if not managed properly. As
per the management plan the ground water quality shall be monitored at regular intervals in
the operational phase of the project to check for contamination.
To avoid contamination of ground water from leachate generated from the compost
windrow, a concrete windrow platform and an appropriate drainage system is envisaged for
continuous draining of Leachate generated. Also, it will be treated in the Leachate
evaporation pond and reused for maintaining moisture in composting, rather than being
discharged. Therefore, there are no impacts on the ground water quality due to composting.
Mitigation Measures
Proposed project proposes to establish an impermeable base liner system-
 Clay liner of low permeability of 10‐7 m/s shall be placed in layers not exceeding 300
mm and then compacted to the desired permeability and then raised to a total
thickness of 90 cm.
 The top of the clay liner, as well as the base of the landfill shall be effectively graded to
attain a clear slope of 1 to 2% towards the Leachate collection sump.
 A HDPE liner shall be placed over the clay liner to ensure maximum impermeability.
Proposed project proposes to establish an elaborate leachate collection system comprising a

network of drainage pipes laid directly over the liner system and covered with a sand/gravel
drainage layer. Leachate shall be collected by a network of lateral and header pipes

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embedded in a drainage layer, all of which shall eventually drain into a leachate collection
sump. It is required to ensure there is no more than a limited head of pressure above the
base liner to cause leakage of liquid from the base of the landfill. The key features of a
leachate collection system comprise the following:

• A network of semi perforated HDPE pipes laid out directly over liners and graded
towards the collection sump at no less that 2% slope, with a slotting area of 100 Sq. Cm
per running meter of the pipe.
• A drainage layer 300mm thick of graded sand/gravel placed over the entire base of the
landfill, covering the pipe network (16‐32mm graded material).
• A geo‐textile placed over the primary liner serving the purpose of filter/ barrier
between the waste and the drainage media
There is also an elaborate system of treatment of the leachate in an Effluent Treatment Plant.
The treated leachate is then reused rather than discarded. Leachate will be reused for
maintaining moisture levels in the windrows. Due to such an elaborate system of leachate
collection, there is no impact on the ground water quality of the area.
Impact on surface water

Storm Water Management:-
Adequate storm water will be generated from the project site. Contamination of storm water
is possible from the following sources:-
 Leachate generated from the waste and SLF.
 Diesel and oil spills in the Diesel Power Generator & fuel storage area.
 Waste spills in the solid/ hazardous waste storage area.
 Oil spills and leaks in vehicle parking lots and washing area.
A detailed “Storm Water Management Plan” is developed after considering the above
sources. The plan incorporates best management practices which include the following:-
• Regular inspection and cleaning of storm drains.
• Cover waste storage areas.
• Avoid application of pesticides and herbicides before wet season.
• Secondary containment and dykes in fuel/oil storage facilities.
• Conducting routine inspections to ensure cleanliness.

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• Preparation of spill response plans, particularly for fuel and oil storage areas.
• Good housekeeping in the above areas.
Effluent Treatment for Leachate-

Waste water will be generated from the following sources:-
 Leachate from Landfill
 Leachate from Compost plant
 Waste water from Floor Wash
 Waste water from Domestic Demand
The leachate and other wastewater generation have been estimated to be about 1100 m3
per day. A Leachate Evaporation pond of 700 cum is proposed and balance leachate will be
recirculate to landfill and compost windrow. All stacking and loading areas should be made
impervious and provided with proper garland drains equipped with baffles to prevent run
off from the site to con
4.3.3 Impact on Air Environment and Mitigation Measures

During this phase, the sources of fugitive dust are due to movement of garbage laden trucks
and tractors to and fro the land fill site. The unloading of garbage trucks and tractors release
suspended particulates further; the operation of wheel loader during levelling operations (of
the dumped solid waste) creates fugitive particulates.
The gaseous pollutants referred to above shall be emitted by the trucks and tractors plying
for the transportation of daily garbage. This component of the gaseous pollutants shall be
small as compared to the quantum generated during construction phase. Methane and
ammonia are two gases expected to be released from the sanitary landfill.
Mitigation measures
 The haulage trucks and tractors involved for garbage transportation shall be
covered fully with tarpaulins and shall be prevented from spillage of dirt during
transit.
 A dense green belt with fast growing floral species as recommended by CPCB
with climatological adaptability shall be developed along the periphery of the
landfill site.

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 The important dust suppression measures proposed will be regular water

sprinkling on main haul roads in the project area, this activity will be carried out
at least twice a day, if need arises frequency will be increased on windy days.
Impact & Mitigation of Foul Odor -

Although the odor emanating from a landfill is an inescapable problem, but the problem can
be mitigated if proper measures are taken. The proposed project proposes to cover the
wastes with daily and intermediate covers of soil on a regular basis to ensure that odor
generation is minimized.
Foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S creates major impact if windrow operation is not done
properly. To mitigate the foul Odor emanating from the wastes, the windrows will be
punctured beforehand so that foul smelling gases like CH4 and H2S get slowly released. This
would reduce the intensity of foul smelling gases at the time of first turning.
Spray of herbal sanitizers and inoculums will be done to remove odour. The compost
facilities, roads, equipment and the surrounding area shall also be cleaned regularly to
remove the odor generating wastes. The processed compost is stored in sheds so as to avoid
attraction to birds and runoff due to rain or windblown entrainment of particles.
4.3.4 Impact of Noise / Vibrations & Mitigation Measures

Due to the various construction activities, there will be short‐term noise impacts in the
immediate vicinity of the project site. The construction activities include: -
• Operation of DG sets, concreting and mixing.

• Excavation for foundations with driller.
• Construction plant and heavy vehicle movement.
Mitigation measures
During construction, the machinery used will be of highest standard of reputed make and
will adhere to the international standards. Proper enclosures and noise shields will be used
for reduction in noise levels. Also, since the project site is sufficiently away from habitation,
there will not be any significant increase in the impact of the noise generated from the site.
However, impact due to noise pollution can be minimized by ensuring that no noise
generating activity is carried out during night hours. All vehicles entering into the project

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will be informed to maintain speed limits, and not blow horns unless it is required. In this
context, it is to be noted that:
 The noise levels predicted for the human settlements will be below the levels
specified by the CPCB for residential areas.
 At places of continuous noise generation, continuous attendance of workers is not
required. Hence, the workers will not be exposed to continuously high noise levels.
 The noise level at the critical places is of concern from occupational consideration
and adequate protective measures aimed at reducing the effect of noise levels will
have to be taken for these workers. The mitigation measures will include job
rotation and provision of earmuffs in high noise areas.
 Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those working
very close to the noise generating machinery.
4.3.4 Impact on Biological Environment & Mitigation Measures

Impact on Flora and Fauna:
One portion of Land (Approximately 20% of total Land) have small Palash tree (Butea
monosperma). This is only predominant vegetation at site. There are no other plants or trees
endemic to the area and also, there are no endangered species found on the site. The fauna
present is also characteristic of the dry deciduous regions and comprises of common
mammals, reptiles and birds. Therefore land clearing activities will not result in any adverse
impact on the biodiversity of the area. The project operations will be carried out in a manner
as to minimize any disturbance of ecology in the area. Moreover, development of a green belt
with varied variety of trees would have a net positive impact.
During the construction stage removal of understory (shrubs and herbs) will reduce the
habitat for a few faunal species. It will be temporary and suitable alternatives are available
in nearby areas.
Mitigation Measures:
 Green area of about 33% will be maintained around the facility, which will provide
more habitats to birds and smaller mammals. The landfill cover will also be
landscaped with local vegetation.

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 Native species will be selected and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of
4 × 4-m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil around the facility as well as
on the landfill cover.
 No activities will be planned in the green buffer other than approach/ service road,
public amenities (activities which would not result in damaging the green cover).
 Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree plantation may
not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to prevent erosion of
topsoil.
4.3.5 Impact on Socio Economic Environment & Mitigation Measure
The impacts on socio-economics may occur due to noise, dust and odour issues which may
further affect community health and safety.
Impact on Social Status:
The study area is predominantly inhabited by rural population. The proposed project is
likely to provide more opportunities in employment to this area. The preference in
employment will be provided to the local residents in this area. Thus, population of the study
area will be benefited due to the project in terms of direct and indirect employment
opportunities.
Impact on Human Settlement
There is no displacement of any habitation or personnel and hence the rehabilitation and
resettlement action plan is not required.
Impact on Civic Amenities: Cattles & other stray animals are used to roam around the
existing open dump site, which creates disturbance to society. Open dumping of waste also
creates an unpleasant view and leads to emission of mal odour. It will control the diseases
menace which gets spread due to the unattended waste lying at dumping site, which attracts
flies, rats, and other creatures that in turn spread diseases in society. This leads to
unhygienic conditions and thereby causes rise in the health problem.
Aesthetics
The landfill will be capped and the topmost layer will be landscaped thereby improving the
aesthetics of the area.
Impact on Public Health: Efficient waste collection & disposal of waste will improve the
living & health condition of inhabitants in the area. Littering of waste creates nuisance due to
unpleasant view and emission of foul odour. It will eliminate the ground for breeding of
mosquitoes & disease causing pathogens. Integrated Solid waste management project will

161
ensure timely collection of waste, efficient treatment & disposal in scientific & environment
friendly manner. This will reduce the chances of spreading of diseases. This project will
improve the health condition of the area and society.
Odour Nuisance
Odour is one of the main concerns of the locals in vicinity to the proposed project. However,
the impacts due to odour nuisance have been envisaged to be low as the designing of the
facility has been planned in such a manner that the odour will be contained within the
boundaries of the facility. Therefore, there is little possibility of odour.
Impact on Traffic:
The project envisages unidirectional pathways for both incoming and outgoing waste
trucks/vehicles to avoid traffic congestion. There will be dedicated corridors of specific
pathways for the incoming and outgoing vehicular traffic for meeting the movement of
finished product. Therefore, there will not be any significant impacts on traffic in the area
and on the site.
Impact on Health Care Facilities: While MSW activities, sufficient care will be taken in
providing health facilities to their employees besides organizing various medical camps for
the surrounding villages. The improved health care facilities improve the quality of life in the
area.
Impact on Economic Aspects: Project will generate both direct & indirect employment.
Local people will be preferred for giving employment. This will improve economic status of
the area. Emigration of local people to other parts of state/country due to unavailability of
employment will be reduced.
Impact on Historical and Worship Places: The MSW project is unlikely to cause any
impact on places like Archeological and Historical and Places of Religious worship & Tourist
attraction or structures or devotees.
Economic Benefits to Local Municipality:
Development of the facility will create more jobs in the area and also present the
opportunity to provide improved products or services to people in the area. During the
operation phase, one of the project activities would comprise of manual segregation of
waste. The locals inhabiting or rag pickers, who have been performing the task of informal

162
waste collection, can be employed for this specific activity during the operational phase.
There will be fixed source of income on monthly, weekly or daily basis to the rag pickers of
the area, who otherwise depend upon the collection of recyclables from various dump sites
across the city. Therefore, the positive impacts on rag pickers due to sustenance of livelihood
and improvement in living conditions are anticipated.
Socio-Economic Development
 Based on the requirement of the people in the area, various development activities
will be taken by Giridih Nagar Nigam regularly. The basic requirement of the community
are strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the
township to the community, providing drinking water to the villages affected,
building/strengthening of existing roads in the area etc.; In order to obtain felt needs of
the surrounding villagers for effective implantation of desired needs. The proposed
project may create opportunities for indirect employment in the field of vehicle hiring,
labors, trading of construction material, service sector etc. This will help in improving the
socio economic status of the region.
STEPS TO BE TAKEN TO IMPROVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
The socio-economic conditions in the study area indicate the quality of life of the people. The
important indicators which decide the quality of life and required to be improved for better
living conditions are literacy levels, occupational structure, industrial development,
infrastructural facilities, transportation, communication linkages, land development and
cropping pattern. The project proponents are envisaging undertaking the following socio-
economic measures.
 Health Care: The adequate funds will be allocated for mobile dispensary, family planning,
medical camps and aid to the Govt. hospitals.
 Educational Facilities: These include adult education facilities, financial assistance for
higher studies, sponsorship to vocational / professional training institution, computer
education camps, vocational training for students and aid to existing/proposed Govt.
schools and colleges.
 Civic Amenities: These include support to community toilets, drinking water facilities
like public stand posts, elevated service reservoirs, playgrounds for children and
recreation facilities for all age groups. In addition to this participation and support to
government efforts.

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 Employment: Development of project will provide employment opportunity to local

skilled, unskilled & semiskilled people during both construction & operation phase.
Indirect employment may also generate during construction phase of project. Tea stalls,
and food shop may come up around project site for workers. Almost local labour will be
engaged for the allied activity like marketing and sale of products like compost may
further require more man power engagement.
4.3.6 Impact on Occupational Health & Safety
Healthy and safe working conditions are among the first expectations for sustainability, i.e.
Occupational injuries and ill-health have huge social and economic implications for
individuals, their families and their communities. They also have an adverse impact on the
economy of the society as a whole.
 Injury due improper handling, operation and execution
 Occupational hazards like high noise, electric shocks etc.
 Trip and fall, inadequate fall safe arrangements
 Diseases from unhygienic surrounding
 Exposure to hazardous substances etc.
 Workers at times are not accustomed to use of Personal Protection
Equipment, their attitude to avoid PPE may result in accident/hazard.
Mitigation measures
 Workers will be provided with required PPEs to be used at site;
 The necessary safety measures will be taken up before and during the
construction.
 Good Waste Handling practices will be implemented which will greatly
reduce foul smell and reduce impact from odours.
Details of Infrastructural Facilities for Worker-
 Water for drinking & other purpose will be arranged.
 All the safety equipment’s such as helmets, safety shoes, goggles, dust masks etc.
 A well-equipped first aid facilities,
 Periodic medical health check-ups,
 Rest shelter, washrooms etc. will provided near the working blocks.
**************

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CHAPTER-V
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
MSW Management Department of Deoghar Nagar Nigam has proposed to establish an

Integrated Solid Waste Management project, which will provide facilities like Windrow
Composting, RDF and Landfill facility.
5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES

Deoghar Nagar Nigam has been not allotted new land as alternate site for development of
the proposed Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility by
Department in the business allocation of land assignment, as the near village Pachiyari
Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720 , Rakba: 23.56 Acre, Thana Number-
242, Khata No- 58, District-Deoghar, Jharkhand proves to be the best location, considering
both the environmental and economic factors. The site is observed to be an open land.
5.2 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA AS PER SWM RULES 2016

 The department in the business allocation of land assignment shall provide suitable
site for setting up of the solid waste processing and treatment facilities and notify such
sites.
 The sanitary landfill site shall be planned, designed and developed with proper
documentation of construction plan as well as a closure planning in a phased manner.
In case a new landfill facility is being established adjoining an existing landfill site, the
closure plan of existing landfill should form a part of the proposal of such new landfill.
 The landfill sites shall be selected to make use of nearby wastes processing facilities.
Otherwise, wastes processing facility shall be planned as an integral part of the landfill
site.
 Landfill sites shall be set up as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Urban
Development, Government of India and Central Pollution Control Board.
 The existing landfill sites which are in use for more than five years shall be improved in
accordance with the specifications given in this schedule.
 The landfill site shall be large enough to last for at least 20-25 years and shall develop
‘landfill cells’ in a phased manner to avoid water logging and misuse. The landfill site

165
shall be 100 meter away from river, 200 meter from a pond, 200 meter from highways,
habitations, public parks and water supply wells and 20 km away from airports or
airbase. However in a special case, landfill site may be set up within a distance of 10
and 20 km away from the airport/airbase after obtaining no objection certificate from
the civil aviation authority/ air force as the case may be. The landfill site shall not be
permitted within the flood plains as recorded for the last 100 years, zone of coastal
regulation, wetland, critical habitat areas, sensitive or eco-fragile areas.
 The sites for landfill and processing and disposal of solid waste shall be incorporated in
the Town Planning Department’s land-use plans.
 A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around solid waste processing
and disposal facility, exceeding five tonnes per day of installed capacity. This will be
maintained within the total area of the solid waste processing and disposal facility. The
buffer zone shall be prescribed on case to case basis by the local body in consultation
with concerned State Pollution Control Board.
 The bio-medical waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the Bio-medical Waste
Management Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The hazardous waste shall be
managed in accordance with the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and
Tran’s boundary Movement) Rules, 2016, as amended from time to time. The E-waste
shall be managed in accordance with the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2016 as
amended from time to time.
 Temporary storage facility for solid waste shall be established in each landfill site to
accommodate the waste in case of non- operation of waste processing and during
emergency or natural calamities

166
TABLE 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA OF THE PROPOSED SITE

Criteria for landfill Required as per Actual Position
site SWM Rule 2016
Design Life Period 20-25 years More than 20 years
Distance from River >100 Mtrs No river flowing within 100 m
from the project boundary
Distance from Pond >200 Mtrs Not applicable
Distance from Highway >200 Mtrs Distance of highway is more than

200 m from the project boundary
Distance from >200 Mtrs No habitation is settled within
Habitation 200m from the project boundary
Distance from Public >200 Mtrs No public park exit in 200m from
Parks the project boundary
Distance from Water >200 Mtrs No any water supply well was
supply wells observed within 200m from the
project boundary
Water table* 2 m from bottom Criteria complied
liner of landfill
Earthquake zone* 500 m from fault line The project district comes under
fracture seismic zone III.
Airport/Airbase >20Kms Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE
10-20 Kms. direction from project site.
Floodplains (100 Yrs.) Not Allowed Not Applicable
Zone of Coastal Not Allowed
Regulations
Wetland Not Allowed
Critical Habitat Area Not Allowed
Sensitive Eco Fragile Not Allowed
Area
General Conditions: EIA Notification Yes, the project falls under
EIA Notification 2006; Requirement interstate boundary of Bihar
2006;Project is which is distance about 2.65 km in
category A if NNW direction from project site.
Protected Area under >10 Kms Not Applicable
Wildlife
Critically Polluted Area >10 Kms Not Applicable
under CPCB
Notified Eco Sensitive >10 Kms Not Applicable
Area
Interstate Boundaries >10 Kms Bihar state border is at distance of
or International 2.65 km in NNW from proposed
Boundaries project boundary.
********

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CHAPTER – VI
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 MONITORING SCHEDULE AND PARAMETERS

An environmental monitoring plan provides a delivery mechanism to address the adverse
environmental impacts of a project during its execution, to enhance project benefits, and to
introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project works. An environmental
monitoring program is important as it provides useful information and helps to:-
 Assist in detecting the development of any unwanted environmental situation, and
thus, provides opportunities for adopting appropriate control measures.
 Define the responsibilities of the project proponents, contractors and environmental
monitors and provides means of effectively communicating environmental issues
among them.
 Define monitoring mechanism and identify monitoring parameters.
 Evaluate the performance and effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the
Environment Management Plan (EMP) and suggest improvements in management
plan, if required.
 Identify training requirement at various levels.
An environmental monitoring plan is suggested to monitor environmental parameters

during designing phase, construction phase and operation phase of the project. The
Monitoring plan is given in Table 6.1.
6.2 SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

The main objective of environmental monitoring program is aimed such that there is not
much of time lack between commencements of damage to environment mitigation measures
to various environmental parameters that are being affected. The Environmental Monitoring
Program involves the following-
 Planning a survey and sampling program for systematic data/information
collection.
 Conducting survey and sampling program.

168
 Analysis of samples and data/information collected, and interpretation of data

and information.
 Preparation of reports for submitting to management and statutory authorities.
 Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation to detect
changes in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed
to the project.
 The results of the monitoring program used to evaluate the following:-
1) Extent and severity of the environmental impacts against the predicted
impacts.
2) Performance of the environmental protection measures or compliance with
pertinent rules and regulations.
3) Trends in impacts and overall effectiveness of the project Environment
Management Plan (EMP).
Environmental Monitoring Program has been prepared for the proposed project for
assessing the efficiency of implementation of Environment Management Plan and to take
corrective measures in case of any degradation in the surrounding environment.
6.2.1. Air Environment

For the proposed project, the air emissions are from windrow process, DG sets and vehicular
movement. DG set is proposed as standby to use during power failure for emergency needs
using diesel as fuel and hence are not expected to contribute emissions to the environment
on regular basis. Ambient air quality in and around the project site (nearby villages) will be
monitored for important parameters.
6.2.2. Noise Environment

Monitoring of the noise levels and exposures is essential to assess the Environmental.
Management Plan implemented to reduce noise levels. A good quality integrated sound level
meter and noise exposure meter may be procured for the same. Audiometric tests will be
conducted periodically for the employees working close to the noise sources. Noise levels
will be monitored within the project site on regular intervals.

169
6.2.3. Water Environment

Leachate, domestic sewage, water from piezometers, nearby bore wells, nearby surface
water will be analysed regularly for the parameters given below. They are as follows:
 pH & EC
 Suspended Solids
 Dissolved Solids
 Oil and Grease
 Chloride
 Sulphide
 COD and BOD
 Nitrates
 Phosphates
6.2.4. Land Environment

The soil in the neighbouring areas will be analysed for the relevant parameters. The average
canopy height of the greenbelt, number and types of plant species will be monitored. Air and
noise pollution attenuation achieved by the greenbelt will also be evaluated. It would be
ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring of ambient air, stack
gases, effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained.
6.3. SURVEILLANCE AND MONITORING PLAN

Monitoring of the municipal solid waste operations i.e. the physical environment and the
Public health in the vicinity of the Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and disposal
facility is an integral part to design, construction and operation of the facility. The proposed
monitoring program for the proposed project has three interrelated objectives.
 To check implementation and management of the various aspects required for
Impact mitigation.
 To check how effective are the measures for mitigation and control of pollution.
 In case of non - compliance further measures for rectification.

170
All monitoring strategies and program have reasons and justifications which are often
designed to establish the current status of an environment or to establish trends in
Environmental parameters. In all cases the results of monitoring will be reviewed, analysed
statistically and submitted to concerned authorities. The design of a monitoring program
must therefore have regard to the final use of the data before monitoring starts.
The monitoring program will have three phases
1) Construction phase
2) Monitoring phase
3) Post monitoring phase
6.3.1. Construction Phase

The major construction activities involved in setting up the unit are construction of sheds for
treatment units, stores, administrative blocks, canteen etc. major components in the
industry are landfill, diesel generator, other civil, mechanical and electrical equipment. The
construction activities require clearing of vegetation, mobilization of construction material
and equipment. The construction activities are expected to last for few months.
During construction phase of landfill at every stage quality of construction will be monitored
viz. base preparation, liners quality, drainage layers, leachate collection system, storm water
management system, gas vent systems, etc. The generic environmental measures that need
to be undertaken during project construction stage are given in the following Table 6.1.
TABLE -6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
S.No Potential Detailed Action to be Parameters for Frequency of
Impact Followed as per EMP Monitoring Monitoring &
Locations
1) Air  Ambient air quality within PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Monitoring once in
Emissions the premises & adjacent NOx, and CO season except for
villages of the Proposed monsoon (once a
unit to be monitored. Gaseous emissions year) 24 hour
(SO2, HC, CO, NOx) reading as per
 Maintenance of DG set NAAQS, 2009/CPCB
emissions to meet
guidelines in
stipulated standards.
minimum 4 locations
Compaction of soil during PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
(one location at site
various construction NOx, and CO &
& three in adjacent
activities Construction logs
villages)
 Vehicle trips to be Vehicle logs Periodic during site
minimized to the extent clearance &
possible. Random checks of construction

171
equipment logs/ activities.

 All equipment’s are manuals
operated within specified
design Parameters.
Any dry, dusty materials Stockpiles or open
stored in sealed containers containers of dusty
or prevented from Blowing. Materials.
2) Noise List of all noise generating  Noise intensity in Monitoring once in
machinery onsite along dB(A) Day & Night, Season 24 hour
with age to be prepared. Leq, Lmin, Lmax, reading as per
Night working is to be L10, L90, L50 standards in
Minimized. minimum 3 locations
Generation of vehicular  Noise reading within 500m with
activities noise respect to site.
 Working hour
Implement good working
records
practices (equipment Regular during
selection and siting) to construction
 Maintenance &
minimize noise and also activities,
Random checks of
reduce its impacts on vehicles equipment
human health (ear muffs, records
safe Distances and logs/manuals
enclosures).
Acoustic
mufflers/enclosures to be  Instant Noise
provided in large engines recording
Noise to be monitored in
ambient air within the plant
premises.
The noise level will not
exceed the permissible limit
both during day and night
times
3) Soil Erosion Minimize area extent of site Soil texture, pH, Once in a season
clearance, by staying within Salinity, Sodium, monitoring except
the defined boundaries Nitrates, Phosphates, for
Protect topsoil stockpile. Organic content, monsoon (once a
potassium, sand, silt year) in minimum 3
and clay, Electrical locations (1kg
Conductivity sample at every
station)
Site boundaries not
extended /breached
as per plan
document Effective
cover in Place.

172
4) Ground No direct discharge of Colour, Once in a season

water, Wastewater to be made to Temperature, monitoring except
Surface surface water, groundwater Turbidity, Electrical for monsoon (once a
water & or soil. Conductivity, Total year) in minimum 2
Wastewater dissolved solids, locations in and
Discharge The discharge point would Total around the site.
be selected properly and suspended solids pH, Two litres of samples
sampling and analysis salinity, Dissolve from each source,
would be undertaken prior Oxygen, Alkalinity as locations are chosen
to discharge. CaCO3, BOD, COD, based on availability
Nitrate, Sulphates, of ground & surface
Take care in disposal of Phosphate as PO4, water body within
wastewater generated such Calcium study area.
that soil and groundwater Heavy Metals
resources are protected. (Arsenic, Zinc,
Cadmium, and
Lead), Chlorides,
Boron, Iron,
Fluorides,
Copper and
Chromium, Total
Coliform count
Discharge norms
for effluents as
given in Permits
5) Drainage Ensure drainage system and Visual inspection of Periodic during
and specific design measures drainage and construction
Effluent are working effectively. The records thereof activities
Management design to incorporate
existing drainage pattern
and avoid disturbing the
same.
6) Waste Implement waste Comprehensive Periodic check
Management management plan that Waste Management during construction
identifies and characterizes Plan activities
every waste arising should be in place
associated with proposed and available for
activities and which Inspection onsite.
identifies the procedures Compliance with
for collection, handling & SWM Rules, 2016
disposal of each waste
arising.
7) Impact on Vegetation, greenbelt / No. of plants, species Once in a season
Ecology green cover development monitoring except
(Flora & for
Fauna) monsoon (once a
year) at site

173
8) Non-routine Plan will be drawn, Mock drills and Periodic during

events and considering likely records of the same construction
accidental emergencies and steps activities
releases required to prevent / Limit
consequences.
9) Health Employees and migrant All relevant Regular check-ups as
labour health check-ups parameters per Factories Act
Including HIV.
6.3.2. Operation Phase:-

During Monitoring and auditing following procedures will be taken:-
 Reducing operational costs.
 Training the staff and defining the responsibilities.
 Facilitate adequate equipment and materials for proper handling of municipal
solid waste.
 Providing write up to-date procedures specifying operational methods.
 Maintenance and calibration of the equipment both for operations and
Monitoring.
 Retention of record.
Regular monitoring of the various components of the physical environment is
planned during the operations period of the facility and also during the post-closure
period.
TBALE 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE
S.N Potential Impact Detailed Action to be Parameters for Frequency of
o Followed as per EMP Monitoring Monitoring &
Locations
1) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill VOC, H2S, Monitoring every
areas Methane & CO2 six months (as per
CPCB guidelines & 24
Stack emissions from DG PM10, PM2.5, SO2, hour reading as per
sets NOx, CO, SO2, HC, NAAQS, 2009) at
AAQ within the Project and as per NAAQ minimum of 3
premises. Standards & CTE locations near project
conditions site.
All vehicles to be PUC Vehicle logs to be
Certificate. maintained Also EC norms given
Meteorological data Wind speed, by MoEF&CC should
direction, be complied.
temp., relative
Humidity and
rainfall.

174
2) Noise Noise generated from Noise intensity in Monitoring every

operations to be monitored dB(A) Day & Night, six months (as per
Leq, Lmin, CPCB guidelines & 24
Lmax, L10, L90, L50 hour reading as per
Standards) at
minimum of 3
locations within
500 m with respect to
project site.
3) Wastewater Compliance to wastewater pH, TSS, TDS, BOD,  Daily at regular
Discharge discharge standards COD and Oil & intervals
(leachate) grease (heavy  Once in a month by
metals, if required), third party
& Toxicity
4) Solid Check compliance to Quality & quantity Periodically
waste/Hazardous applicable SWM rules Monitoring & CPCB norms.
Waste records
5) Ground & Surface Monitoring ground pH, salinity, total Once in a season
Water Quality water quality, through dissolved solids, monitoring except for
piezometers BOD, monsoon (once a
Coliform count, DO, year) in minimum 2
electrical locations in and
conductivity, around the site.
Chlorides & COD Two litres of samples
And as per CPCB from each source,
guidelines locations are chosen
based on availability
of ground & surface
water body within
study area as per
CPCB norms.
6) Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / No. of plants, Once a year
green cover development species
7) Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of
Soil texture, pH, Monitoring every
good soil quality aroundSalinity, Sodium, six months (as per
Nitrates, CPCB guidelines) at 3
Phosphates, Organic locations. 1kg sample
content, potassium, at every station.
sand, silt and clay,
Electrical
Conductivity and
Heavy Metals.
labour health check ups parameters (BP, per Factories act.
HIV, Chest X-ray,
Eye vision, etc.) and
HIV for workers

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6.3.3. Post-closure Monitoring

Post-closure monitoring of the landfill will be done primarily as a compliance
requirement in addition to social responsibility this also provides an early warning
towards possible adverse impacts on human health and the environment. The post-
closure program of monitoring for water quality in the ground water and surface waters
down gradient of the landfill will be similar to that established for the operational stage
of the facility. The frequency of monitoring may be varied from time to time depending
on changing circumstances. There is no need for the post closure monitoring of air
quality, noise or visual effects during the post closure period. However, this need will be
reviewed periodically and should any aspects warrant, further monitoring will be
included in the program.
TABLE 6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING POST OPERATION PHASE
S.No Potential Detailed Action to be Parameters for Frequency of
Impact Followed as per EMP Monitoring Monitoring
1) Air Emissions Gas quality from VOC, H2S, EC conditions given by
landfill areas Methane & CO2 MoEF & CC and as per
CPCB protocol.
AAQ within the As per NAAQ Standards
project Vehicle logs to be
premises maintained.
All vehicles to be PUC
Certificate.
Meteorological data Wind speed, direction,
temperature, relative
Humidity and rainfall.
2) Wastewater Compliance to pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD, Once in a month
Discharge wastewater discharge Oil & grease, Heavy (during initial period
(leachate) if standards metals more regularly)
present
3) Ground Monitoring ground As per CPCB protocol Periodically and CPCB
Water water quality, and protocol
Quality and water levels within
Water Levels
4) Flora and Vegetation, greenbelt No. of plants, species Once a year
Fauna / green cover
development.

176
TABLE NO- 6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental Project Phase Monitoring Institutional
Component Responsibility
Air Parameters Standards Frequency Duration
Pre‐Construction PM10, PM2.5, SO2, As per MSW (M&H) 8 hourly samples per Once Contractor through
Phase NH3, CH4 , CO Rules, 2016 and Air day for CO, CH4 approved monitoring
(Prevention and & NH3. 24 hrs agency
Control of Pollution) sampling for PM,
Rules, 1984 and SO2
Construction Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, 8 hrs samples per day Quarterly till Contractor through
NH3, CH4 , CO for CO, CH4, completion of approved monitoring
NH3 once in a month. construction agency
24 hrs sampling for phase
PM, and SO2
Operation Phase PM10, PM2.5, SO2, 3 locations, 8 hour Continuous 8 Contractor through
NH3, CH4 , CO samples per day, and hour/or for 1 full approved monitoring
monitoring for three working day, agency
Seasons. twice in each
season except
monsoon.
Ground Water Pre‐Construction pH, Total Dissolved As per Municipal Grab sampling at Twice a year Contractor through
Phase Solids (TDS), heavy Solid Waste above selected approved monitoring
metals like As, Cd, Cr, (Management & locations agency
Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn Handling)
etc., Nitrate, Fe, Rules, 2016 and
Chloride, Phenolic Water quality
Compounds and standards by CPCB/
Sulphate. IS 10500:1991
Construction Phase pH, Total Dissolved As per MSW (M & H) 6 Samples in Pre Twice in every Contractor through
Solids (TDS), heavy Rules, 2016 and monsoon and 6 year during approved monitoring
metals like As, Cd, Cr, Water quality samples in post operation phase agency
Co, CN, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn standards by CPCB/ monsoon during
etc., Nitrate, Fe, IS 10500:1991 operation phase
Chloride, Phenolic
Compounds and
Sulphate
177
Operation Phase Do As per MSW (M & H)

Rules,
2016 and Water
quality
standards by CPCB/
IS10500:1991
Noise Pre‐Construction Noise level on dB(A) Noise standards by Hourly monitoring Once
Phase scale CPCB for 24 hours at once
Construction Phase Noise level on dB (A) Noise standards by Hourly monitoring Twice a year
scale CPCB for 24 hours at once
Operation Phase Noise level on Noise standards by Hourly monitoring Quarterly
dB(A)scale CPCB for 24 hours at once
Soil Pre‐Construction Color, pH, Electrical As per Environment Representative Once Contractor through
phase Conductivity, (Protection) samples form in approved monitoring
Moisture Content, Act, 1986 and MSW and around project agency
Organic Carbon, (Management and site
Bicarbonate, Chloride, Handling)
P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, SAR, Rules, 2016
N, Texture
Operation Phase Do As per Environment Representative Twice a year Contractor through
(Protection) Act, samples form in approved monitoring
1986 and Municipal and around project agency
Solid site
Waste (Management
and Handling)
Rules, 2016
Leachate Operation Phase Suspended solid, As per MSW Before discharging of Quarterly Contractor through
Dissolved solid, pH, (Management & Leachate throughout approved monitoring
Ammonical Nitrogen, Handling) Rules, for reuse operation phase agency
Total Kjeldhal 2016 of the
Nitrogen, BOD, COD, project
As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr,
Zn, Ni, CN, Fluoride,
Phenolic compound
Compost quality Operation Phase Arsenic, Cadmium, As per Municipal Before selling the Throughout Contractor through
Chromium, Copper, Solid Waste compost operation approved monitoring

178
Lead, Mercury, (Management & phase of the agency

Nickel, Zinc, C/N Handling) project
Ratio, pH Rules, 2016
Social Factors Pre‐construction Aesthetics, Vectors, As per Municipal Once Once Contractor through
phase Odor, Health of Solid Waste approved monitoring
surrounding (Management & agency
Habitants and Handling)
workers, Rules, 2016
communicable
disease and
occupational
diseases (like skin
infection, lung
infection, fungal
infection, etc
Construction Phase Aesthetics, Vectors, As per Municipal Yearly monitoring of During Contractor through
Odor, Health of Solid Waste workers health and construction approved monitoring
surrounding (Management & monitoring of phase agency
Habitants, Handling) diseases
Communicable Rules, 2016 in the surrounding
diseases community
Operation Phase Do Do Yearly monitoring of During operation Contractor through
workers phase approved monitoring
health and seasonal agency
monitoring
of diseases in the
surrounding
Community. Annual
assessment
of the ratio of the
incident of
particular disease
related to the
project activity

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6.4 Public Health Monitoring

There is three-stage health-monitoring program is proposed.
 Monitor the health of workers within the project site to identify adverse health
Effects.
 Periodically obtain feedback from local doctors regarding any potential indicators of
adverse health effects due to environmental cause in the communities surrounding,
and particularly down-stream of the landfill.
 By organizing health camps on regular basis.
6.5 BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The below table give overall investment on the environmental safeguards and
recurring expenditure for successful monitoring and implementation of control
measures.
TABLE 6.5: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES
Capital cost Annual recurring
Particulars
S. No. (In Rs.) cost (in Rs.)
Proposed Proposed
1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-
2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-
3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-
4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-

5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-
6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-
Total 28.0/- 19.0/-
*****
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CHAPTER - VII
ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 INTRODUCTION
The additional studies carried out for the proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management
project at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56 Acre,
Thana Number 242, Khata No. - 58 at Deoghar (Jharkhand). The proposed integrated MSW
processing and disposal facility will be established to handle about 200 TPD.
7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

As per the provisions of Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14.09.2006
issued by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India, Public Hearing will be conducted
after submission of Draft EIA report to Regional Office, Pachiyari Kothiya (Jharkhand ). Details of
the public hearing will be incorporated in Final EIA Report.
Public Hearing Minutes and Replies

Public Hearing for Environmental Clearance for proposed Integrated Solid Waste
Management at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand ).
Public Hearing conducted on 5th April 2019 (11:00 AM) at Project Site, Village- Pachiyari
Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand).
The Public Hearing is organized by Jharkhand State Pollution Control Board Deoghar and
Presided by Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh , Shri. Sanjay Kumar
Srivastava, Asst. Scientific Officer, JSPCB Head Office, Ranchi. Inauguration speech was given
by Shri Ravindra Prasad, Regional Officer, JSPCB, Dumka
Name of the Project Date & Time Location of the Project

Integrated MSW 5th April 2019 at 11:00 AM Project Site, Village- Pachiyari
Management Project for Kothiya, District- Deoghar
Deoghar Nagar Nigam (Jharkhand)
M/s. Wolkem India Limited Submitted an application to the Jharkhand State Pollution Control
Board Deoghar for conducting a Public Hearing for Integrated MSW Management Project for
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Deoghar Nagar Nigam at Village- Pachiyari Kothiya, District- Deoghar (Jharkhand ) .This hearing
is organized by pollution Control Board ,Jharkhand .
A considerable gathering of people were also present during the hearing. List of the panel
members and others present during the public hearing is enclosed in Annexure. The hearing is
presided over by Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh
During the discussion the panel members and the others present in the public hearing made
queries / suggestions with respect to the proposed project, which are noted below and
replies are given in Table 7.1 along with PH photographs shown in Fig 7.1.
Figure: 7.1 PH Photographs
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183
184
Officers Present-:
1. Shri Anjani Dubey A.D.M. ,District Administrator Deogarh
2. Shri. Sanjay Kumar Srivastava, Asst. Scientific Officer ,JSPCB Head Office , Ranchi
3. Shri Ravindra Prasad ,Regional Officer ,JSPCB,Dumka
TABLE- 7.1 COMPLIANCE TO PUBLIC HEARING MINUTES

S. Name of Suggestions/Complaints Reply given by Project
No. Person/Address Proponent/HSPCB Officials & Deputy
Commissioner
1. Shri. Suresh Yadav He said that instant giving He assured that the priority employment
, priorities to localities, will be given to localise people.
Pachiyari Kothiya, neighbouring state labours are
more preferred.
2. Shri. Birendra 1. He raised the point regarding He assured that employment will be given
Kumar Singh , Employment. to localise people as per priority.
Pachiyari Kothiya, 2. Due to excessive mosquitos in
area the diseases are spreading For precautions from Mosquitos we will
frequently. arrange Fogging to avoid the respective
problem
3. Shri Vikas Mattha 1. Localise are not being He assured that the Localise will be given
Gidni equipped by any facilities. priority for employment than the
2. Unemployment is the major neighbouring site people.
issue amongst people.
3. Mosquitos problem is the He assured that every problem will be
major concern. solved as soon as possible.
4. Shri Rajesh Kumar The localize suggested that the He assured that the employment will be
Mandan , employment priorities should preferably prioritized for localise.
Gidni be given in keeping keen
awareness of educational level Training and Awareness given to Juvenile
of an individual people.
5 Shri Mohan Mali , Employment related issues Employment will be no longer issue for the
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Gidni were raised localize in priority.

6. Shri Kishan Yadav Localites asked about the He replied that after the totality of plant
, Pachiyari Kothiya getting the compost from plant. commission the remaining part will be
shared among the localize people
7. Shri Krishna 1. Here the plant will be He replied that after the totality of plant
Rawat , Pachiyari established and fertilizer and commission the remaining part will be
Kothiya compost material will be shared among the localize people.
generated ,so it should be firstly
share amongst the farmers and He assured that the employment will be
localities as they are in need of preferably prioritized for localise
it.
2. Iirigation and fertilization is
also getting effected.
3. young localize should get
employment first .
8. Shri Jitendra 1.After processing of plant Quarter amount of compost will be share
Yadav , Pachiyari fertilizer should be given. amongst the lcoalize people.
Kothiya 2. Due to deficiency of land
,Irrigation and fertilization is He assured that the employment will be
less . preferably prioritized for localise
3. Employment related issues.
9. Shri Krishna Kaul , 1. Localize informed that they Quarter amount of compost will be share
Pachiyari Kothiya are been into debt and loss of amongst the lcoalize people.
50,000/- per year in farming.
2. stinking smell is the most For precautions we will arrange Fogging to
unfavourable issue . avoid the respective problem
3.Employment has not been
generated till now as it was said He assured that the employment will be
earlier . preferably prioritized for localise
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7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may
lead to emergency consequences (Disasters) affecting the public safety and health. Based on this
information, an emergency preparedness plan is to be prepared to mitigate the consequences.
The approach involves hazards identification, assessment, valuation and developing Disaster
Management Plan (DMP).
7.3.1 Risk analysis: - Risk analysis includes an estimate of the probability or likelihood that
an event will occur. Estimation of random incidents totally uncorrected with plant activities
may also be taken. Risk can be characterized in qualitative terms as high medium or low, or
in quantitative terms using numerical estimates and statistical calculations. For practical
purposes a risk analysis may be based on a subjective, common-sense evaluation. Both
probability and consequences are extremely important in evaluating risk. A high risk
situation can be the result of a high probability with severe consequences (e.g. irreversible
health effects or death due to an airborne toxic dust, a fire or explosion with Injuries or
fatalities), whereas moderate risk situations can be a result of either high probability with
mild consequences or low probability with more severe consequences.
In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency
Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible
hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely to be affected, on-site
and off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency
services and duties of officers/staff during emergency.
The following major hazards are anticipated in the proposed project:-
 Hazardous pertaining to fires in project / plant area
 Fire in diesel storage areas, garbage storage area and disposal areas
 Natural disaster (Earthquakes, flooding etc.)
 Electrical accidents,
 Flooding from man-made causes,
 Rainfall induced landslides,
 Environmental & Health Aspects
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7.3.2 Disaster management plan-

Emergency preparedness and prevention through good design, operation, maintenance and
inspection is essential to reduce occurrences of eventualities. The overall objectives of the
DMP is to make use of the combined resources at the site and outside services to achieve the
following-
 Localize the emergency on property and people
• Minimize effects on property and people
• Effective rescue and medical treatment
• Evacuation
In order to be in a state of readiness to face the adverse effects of accidents, an Emergency
Preparedness Plan (EPP) has to be prepared. Such a plan must. Inter-alia, cover the possible
hazardous situations in the locality and the causes, areas most likely tombe affected, on-site and
off-site plans, establishment of Emergency Control Centres (ECC), location of emergency services
and duties of officers/staff during emergency.
On-site Disaster-
If an accident/incident takes place within industrial area and its effects are confined to the
premises, involving only the persons working in the Industrial area and the property inside
the Industrial area, it is called as on-site disaster.
Off-site Disaster
If the accident is such that its affects inside the industrial area are uncontrollable and it
may spread outside the premises, it is called as off-site disaster.
(A) On-site Disaster Management Plan-

Main Elements of On-site Emergency Plans-
 Leadership and administration.
 Role and responsibilities of key personnel.
 Emergency action.
 Light and power.
 Source of energy control.
 Protective and rescue equipment.
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 Communication.
 Medical care.
 Mutual aid.
 Public relation.
 Protection of vital records.
 Training.
 Periodical revision of plan
Action Plan for on-site Disaster Management Plan:-

7.3.2.1. Control Centre
This is the main centre from where the operations to handle the emergency are directed
and coordinated. Facilities to be made available in the control centre are:
 Internal and external communication.
 Computer and other essential records.
 Daily attendance of workers employed.
 Storage of hazardous material records and manufacturing records.
 Pollution records.
 Plan of the industrial area showing:
a) Storage area of hazardous materials.
b) Storage of safety equipment.
c) Fire fighting system and additional source of water.
d) Site entrance, roadway and emergency exist.
e) Assembly points.
f) Truck parking area.
g) Surrounding location.
 Note Book, pad and pencil.
 List of Key Personnel with addresses, telephone number etc.
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TABLE 7.2 KEY PERSONS AND THEIR RESPONSIBILITIES DURING EMERGENCY

S. No. Key Person Responsibilities
Site Main Controller  On reaching he will assess the magnitude of the
situation in consultation with Incident Controller
and decide whether inside or outside help are to
be called (i.e. Fire Service, Police, and Ambulance
etc.).
 Ensure that key persons are called in.
 Give guidance and direction in vital and
important activities to control the emergency
situation.
 Direct to close down and evacuation of the plants
in consultation with Incident controller and key
personnel.
 Inform the government authorities such as
Collector, MC, Factory Inspector, Health Officer &
Medical Officer and request them for their help
as situation demands.
 Give prime importance to human life and
guidance in organizing the rescue operations as
well as ensure whether injured people getting
proper medical attention in time.
 Always be in touch with the Incident Controller
to get further progress and decide further plan.
 On completion of emergency situation declare
the normalcy through Administrative Officer.
 Control the re-occupation of the affected areas
on discontinuation of emergency.
 Do not permit to re-start the plant unless it is
safe.
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 Give authentic statement of the incident to news

media & government authorities.
Incident Controller  Take the charge of situation and assess the
magnitude of the event.
 Control and guide all the operations with
priorities to the safety of personnel, minimize
pollution, loss of material and loss to the plant
equipment and property.
 Provide advice and guide to the fire fighting
and rescuing squad and fire brigade while
they arrive.
 Establish communication with emergency
control centre.
 Report on all significant developments to the
emergency control centre through
phone/messenger.
 Ensure that evacuation of the areas in the
factory getting affected is complete.
 After the emergency situation is brought
under control, assure that the necessary
evidence for further investigation in the
incident is preserved and inform Site
Controller regarding control of emergency.
Technical Staff /  As soon as informed, rush to the spot and take
Department Head charge of the situation till senior group
arrives.
 Ensure that emergency siren is raised which
gives information to security, safety,
administration staff and technical staff.
 On arrival of Incident Controller, inform him
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about the gravity of the situation and then to

work under his guidance to control the
situation.
 Ensure that only experienced and essential
people remains at the location for controlling,
while others to be evacuated from the scene.
Employees Near The  Tackle the emergency as per laid down
Spot (Incident Area) procedures for the area bearing in mind the
requirements of the situation called for by the
progress of the emergency.
 Remove all non-essential employees (who are
not assigned any emergency duty) to evacuate
the area and gather at the specified assembly
points.
 Stop the operations as per the information of
the Incident Controller.
Employees Of Other  On getting information of incident, take
Department permission of superior and confirm own
plant, department, safety and then after
trained and skill persons will rush to incident
spot with necessary personnel protective
equipment.
 Approach the spot from up wind direction
and assemble at safe place near to the spot
taking in to consideration the wind direction.
 Extend help to control the situation as per the
instruction and guidance given by the senior
persons controlling the operation.
Personnel Officer  Basically he will work as a Liaison Officer and
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will station at emergency control centre during

emergency. He will work under the direction of
Site Controller.
 To ensure that the casualties receives adequate
attention at first aid centre, also ensure
additional help if require from government
authorities or outside agencies.
 Arrange transport facility for injured personnel
to get timely medical help.
 He will also arrange for head count at assembly
points and will inform Site controller.
 Also be in touch with the security and other
departments for help.
 Will check the roll call from time office for
availability of trained personnel during
emergency situation at the site.
 Determine the need to inform statutory
authorities of the accident and fill the necessary
forms for submission with consultation of the
Site Controller.
 When emergency is prolonged, arrange for the
relief of personnel as well as inform the families
of injured persons and
 Organize refreshments / catering facility.
 When emergency declared immediately rushed
to emergency control centre.
Administrative Officer  When emergency declared, immediately rushed
to the emergency control centre and establish
contact with Site Main Controller.
 Ensure the communication between site
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controller and incident controller. Keep

messenger for communication.
 Make arrangement to send portable megaphone
and torches to the Incident Controller if
required.
 On receiving instructions from Site Controller,
organize transportation for the evacuation of
people from the assembly points.
 As per instructions from Site Controller will
inform to head office, insurance surveyor, other
relevant authorities and neighbouring areas.
 On getting instructions from site controller /
incident controller, he will be in touch with
other Industries for help in emergency.
 Will arrange to announce necessary instructions
for all personnel.
 Ensure that telephone operator keeps the
EPABX free to extend possible for incoming
calls.
 Ensure that press and other media do not
publish unauthentic news.
Engineering Services  When emergency declared, immediately
Key Personnel proceed to Emergency Control Centre.
 Ensure the availability of electrical wiremen,
utility, maintenance employees and drivers.
 Ensure the water supply & electric power
generator in case of power failure.
 Be in touch with the site controller / incident
controller to extend help as and when required.
 Arrange the vehicle as per required by
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administrative /personnel officer.

Security & Fire In-  On getting instruction from site
Charge controller/incident controller, cordon the
affected area to maintain law and order.
 As per instruction from site controller/ incident
controller, arrange to use the fire extinguishers.
 Ensure the following duties by security guards.
Stop all vehicles and visitors entering into the
factory, except any government authorities such
as fire brigade, police, factory inspector, medical
staff and inform administrative officer on their
arrival.
 If any press reporter and local leader come at
the main gate, take them to administration
office.
 Do not allow any vehicle to park at the main gate
or nearby at main road.
 Assure that the entrance of the gate is clear for
thorough fare. In similar way control/ guide
internal traffic for smooth operations.
 Act according instructions given by personnel
and administrative officer.
 Ensure that all essential personnel evacuated
and assembled at assembly points.
 Arrange effective security nearby the incident
place
First Aid Attendants  As per the instructions given by incident
controller, arrange the supply of additional
emergency related equipment to the incident
place. Give necessary First Aid treatment to the
195
affected persons immediately.

 Inform the personnel and administration officer
regarding the severity of injury and advice for
further medical help if necessary.
 Ask for additional trained first-aider, if required.
 On arrival of doctor, assist him to give medical
treatment to the affected people.
Safety Officer  On hearing emergency siren rush to the spot
and assume the position of incident controller
and take care of the situation till a senior
personnel arrives and on their arrival work with
them in team, extending their own expertise.
 Give instructions and guideline to the people
involved in control measures. As well as help in
providing required PPE.
 Give instructions to the safety attendants.
 Brief the site main controller about the progress
of control measures.
 Advise site controller regarding type of help
required from outside.
 Give instructions to other department through
internal phones /Communication Officer.
 Make arrangement to carry out monitoring
whenever necessary and appraise results to the
concerned seniors.
Driver  On getting information from communication
officer remain alert and wait for further
instructions along with Ambulance van to meet
with emergency.
 Extend help to shift the injured people from site
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of incident to first-aid and if required to hospital

through ambulance / other vehicle.
Electrical /  After getting the information rush to the spot
Utility with necessary personal protective equipment
Personnel and if instructed by incident controller cut off
the power supply to the affected area.
 Ensure that the D.G. Set is in running condition.
 Extend help to the Utility operator in
maintaining adequate supply of water and
others under guidance of supervisors.
Information of Assembly Points

At the time of emergency, non - essential workers, casual workers, visitors and others are to
be replaced to assembly points and separate in charge are nominated. Number of
Assembly points and location are decided based on the layout of the plant.
In case of an emergency, the visitors, contract persons and factory employees will gather at
nearby assembly point. Pre-designated persons will take their roll call. If needed, they can be
evacuated easily through any gate in a short period as per instruction of site main controller.
For outside help, company authority will make a mutual understanding with the following
Authorities to extend their help whenever an emergency occurs:
 Doctors from civil hospital
 Police station
 Fire brigade
Time to time company has to inform/impart training to concerned employees for awareness
about chemicals and its hazards and the precautionary measures on their part. An
emergency guide will be provided to each employee, which gives guidance to him or her
during an emergency.
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(B) Off-site Disaster

The main objectives of the off-site emergency plan are:
 To save lives and injuries.
 To prevent or reduce property losses.
 To provide for quick resumption of normal situation or operation.
Chemical accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

Prescribes for the constitution of the State Crisis Group as apex body at the State Level to
deal with major chemical accidents and to provide expert guidance for handling major
chemical accidents. Schedule 7 and Schedule 8 of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency
Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 prescribes for the constitution of District
and Local Crisis Groups.
(i) Functions of the State Crisis Group:-
 Review all district off-site emergency plans in the State with a view to examine its
adequacy in accordance with the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous
Chemical rules and forward a report to the central crisis group once in three months.
 Assist the state government in managing chemical accidents at a site .

 Assist the state government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation of major
chemical accidents at a site in the state.
 Continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of a major chemical
accident in the state and forward a report to the central crisis group.
 Review the progress report submitted by the district crisis groups.
(ii) Functions of the District Crisis Group:-

 Assist the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
 Review all the on-site emergency plans prepared by the occupier of major accident
hazards installation for the preparation of the district off-site emergency plan.
 Assist the district administration in the management of chemical accidents at a site
lying within the district.
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 Continuously monitor every chemical accident.

 Ensure continuous information flow from the district to the Centre and State Crisis
Group regarding accident situation and mitigation efforts.
 Forward a report of the chemical accident within fifteen days to the State Crisis
Group.
 Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site each year and
forward a report of the strength and the weakness of the plan to the State Crisis
Group
(iii) Functions of the Local Crisis Group:-
 Prepare local emergency plan for the industrial pocket.
 Ensure dove tailing of local emergency plan with the district off-site emergency plan.
 Train personnel involved in chemical accident management.
 Educate the population likely to be affected in a chemical accident about the
remedies and existing preparedness in the area.
 Conduct at least one full scale mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every six
months and forward a report to the District Crisis Group.
 Respond to all public inquiries on the subject
Central Control Committee

As the offsite plan is to be prepared by the Government, a Central Control Committee
Shall be formed under the Chairmanship of the District Collector. Other officers from
police, fire Service, factory inspectorate, medical department shall be incorporated as
Members of the Central Control Committee. Under the Central Control Committee the
following committees shall be constituted under the control of the District Collector.
 Incident and Environment Control Committee
 Fire Control Committee
 Traffic control, law and order, evacuation and rehabilitation committee
 Medical help, ambulance and hospital committee
 Welfare, restoration and resumption committee
 Utility and engineering services committee
 Press, publicity and public relations committee
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The off-site Emergency Plan shall be prepared by the District Magistrate in consultation
with the factory management and Govt. agencies. The plan contains up-to-date details of
Outside emergency services and resources such as fire services, hospitals, police etc. with
telephone number. The district authorities are to be included in the plan area.
 Police Department
 Revenue Department
 Fire Brigade
 Medical Department
 Municipality
 Gram Panchayat
 Railway Department
 Telephone Department
 Factory Department
 Electricity Department
 Pollution Control Department
 Explosive Department
 Press and Media
7.4 IDENTIFICATION OF MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS BASED ON GOI RULES, 1989

AS AMENDED IN 1994 AND 2000:-
By studying accidents occurred in industries in India over a few decades, a specific

legislation covering major hazard activities has been enforced by Government of India in
1989 in conjunction with Environment Protection Act, 1986. This is referred here as GOI
rules 1989. For the purpose of identifying major hazard installations the rules employ
certain criteria based on toxic, flammable and explosive properties of chemicals.
200
7.4.1. Safety Precautions for the Storage of Fuel:-
 Separately stored with proper enclosures and marked within premises in closed
Shed.
 Proper ventilation to be provided.
 Sufficient fire extinguishers and PPE to be provided.
 Flame proof fittings to be provided.
 Smoking to be prohibited.
7.4.2 Identification of Hazards:-
The first step in risk assessment is to identify the types of adverse health effects that can be
caused by exposure to some agent in question, and to characterize the quality and Weight of
evidence supporting this identification.
TABLE-7.3 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS
S. Hazard Name Operability/ Condition/ Control measures/ Action required
No. Cause and Consequence
1. Physical hazards
A Fire hazard in Fire hazard may exist with  Periodic mixing of composting
windrow composting process as material and maintenance of the
Composting due to elevated temperatures and proper water content should be
elevated drying may increase the done to control windrow compost
Temperatures. potential for Spontaneous Temperature and prevent fires.
combustion.  A well-designed fire suppression
system with sufficient water
capacity and at sufficient pressures
to adequately control a fire within
the facility and approved by the
local fire authority will be installed.
 Portable fire extinguishers and fire
control equipment in proper
working condition, at the operating
area of the facility.
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 Fire Hazard, Possible causes of fires at  Unauthorised access to the

composting facilities premises to be prevented.
include:-  Banning lighting cigarettes, fires
 spontaneous onsite
combustion due to rise  Regular monitoring of the
in temperature quantity of gas being vented
 Lightning strikes.
 Cigarettes,
 Build-up of particulate
matter near engine
manifolds and exhaust
pipes of processing
equipment.
 Explosion due to build-
up of methane inside
the closed landfill in
lack of adequate
number of gas venting
apparatus.
Heavy equipment’s During soil excavation and  When approaching operating
and machinery for compost pile construction, equipment, the approach should be
waste tipping workers may be seriously made from the front and within
injured or killed by heavy view of the operator, preferably
equipment such as Front- making eye contact.
end loaders and scrapers.  Heavy equipment should be
equipped with a backup alarm that
alerts workers.
Rough sharp Workers may be exposed Workers should wear safety boots
waste items to puncture and cut with steel shanks to prevent Cuts to
hazards to feet the bottom of the foot. Workers
202
and hands from rough or should minimize manual handling of

sharp waste material waste material, and wear cut-
during composting resistant gloves if contact with waste
operations. materials is necessary.
Trip Hazards Trip hazards may exist Workers should exercise caution
due to pipes/ with hoses and piping when walking over hoses and pipes.
hoses systems used for Irrigation In heavily travelled areas, extra
of the composting unit. lighting may be needed to ensure
walkways are adequately illuminated.
Chemical Hazards
Confined  Since a closed shed Prior to each entry into the enclosed
spaces/ covered is proposed for the or tented area, the atmosphere within
compost pads compost plant, it may be the tent should be tested to ensure a
(CO2, CH4) considered that the safe Atmosphere. If the testing
workers entering the indicates atmospheric contaminants
facility enter a Confined or oxygen depletion, a confined-space
space. entry program should be developed
 Elevated levels of and implemented.
CO2 may accumulate
during composting
process.
 It is also typical for
some ammonia gas to be
generated during
composting.
 Exposure to
ammonia vapours may
occur, especially during
waste turning operations.
 Although aerobic
203
conditions should be
maintained in the
compost, if anaerobic
conditions are allowed to
develop, methane and
hydrogen sulphide may be
generated.
Inhalation/ Workers may be exposed An analysis of the work tasks and
ingestion/ skin to contaminants and potential for chemical exposure
contact degradation should be performed to determine
Products of contaminants. the correct personal protective
Exposure may occur via equipment (PPE) and/or respirator
inhalation/ingestion/skin cartridge(s), if needed. The analysis
contact routes of exposure should include obtaining specific
during loading, unloading, chemical hazard information to
pre-processing, tilling, ensure that the PPE specified will be
turning and other appropriate for the respective
operations where soils are chemical hazard. Workers may also
agitated. use respiratory protection including
the use of an air-purifying respirator
equipped with HEPA (N100, R100,
P100) filters and Organic vapour
cartridges.
Chemical reactions Some materials used in  Workers should minimize contact
within the stored composting may be with acidic or corrosive chemical
mixed waste. explosive, materials by using mechanical
especially when in contact chemical delivery methods.
with other incompatible  Where contact is required,
materials workers should wear gloves (e.g.
(e.g. ammonium nitrate nitrile) and other personal
204
and fuels). Others may be protective equipment that is

hygroscopic, which may resistant to the Materials handled.
result in chemical  All chemical reagents used in
reactions. composting should be segregated
to prevent accidental mixing of
reactive chemicals, especially
Ammonium nitrate fertilizers and
fuels.
Biological Hazards
Allergies from During dry and windy  Periodic application of water to the
pathogen and periods microbe-entrained active area.
airborne dust dusts may become  Personal protective equipment,
airborne from soil such as rubber gloves, should b
agitation. used.
- Exposure to mold spores,  Respiratory protection (e.g. air-
including Aspergillus purifying respirator with HEPA
fumigates and (N100, R100, P100)
thermophyllic filter/cartridge) may be used during
actinomyctes, may occur dusty periods.
during composting
operations.
- Inhalation of pathogenic
microbes may cause
allergic
Reactions or illness.
Pests/ bugs at Site Workers may be exposed  Workers should be informed of
to a wide array of the potential for snakes and other
biological hazards, animals around the compost
including snakes, bees, facility, especially during cooler
wasps, massive fly periods.
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hatches, ticks, hornets, and  Periodic inspections of the site

rodents which get should be performed to identify
attracted to the higher stinging insect nests and for the
temperatures associated presence of snakes. Professional
with composting exterminating companies should
operations and other be consulted for their removal.
hideout warm places.
7.5 IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS

7.5.1 Fire Hazard: - The following activities and precautions will be taken in order to
prevent fire mishaps and to manage emergency situations during the operational phase of
the project: -
 Fire protection equipment i.e. fire extinguishers shall be provided at the site.
 It will be advised to keep oxygen cylinders, medical kits and masks to prevent
Smoke inhalation.
 Maintenance of fire fighting equipment will be ensured by concerned person
At project site.
 Cover nose and mouth with wet and clean cloth as it prevents smoke inhalation.
 Avoid running around in the MSW facility as it leads to inhaling of more poisonous
Gases.
 Ensure strict compliance to the evacuation plan and assist others to escape the site.
7.5.2 Natural Disaster: -
Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, landslide etc pose an eminent threat
to the proposed project. As there is no way of avoiding such disasters, the following measures
can be adopted in case of such occurrences.
Natural disaster Action
Extreme weather conditions such Maintain correspondence with local
as tornado or storm Meteorological departments to have enough.
Take shelter in facilities without windows.
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Earthquake Stay indoors and move to central parts of the

building. People staying outdoor should stay
outdoor and avoid being in near vicinity to any
building or facility.
In case of spread of toxic fumes from sanitary.
Flood Landfill, close doors, windows and seal any cracks
or gaps in the buildings.
Turn off electricity to reduce risk of Electrocution.
Decontaminate flooded rooms.
Carry out official instruction over the radio or by
loudspeaker.
Landslides These are likely during monsoon or in heavy down
pour conditions. The site conditions around the
landfill should be identified for such events if
occurred earlier and accordingly precautionary
measures need to be taken during such events. The
hierarchical set up needs to be planned to take
action immediately so that the District Magistrate
and other local authorities may be informed to
take control of the situation.
7.5.3 Electrical Accidents: -

The electrical accidents may occur due to malfunctioning of electrical machinery or due
mishap resulting due to short circuits in the LT/HT (high Tension /Low Tension) section of
the landfill unit. Also another possibility of electrical accidents is due to leakage of moisture or
water during rains when there is ingress of water or moisture due to failure of the enclosure
or cover over the electrical apparatus or at distribution point or at the receiving section of
HT/LT cable.
The electrical accidents may cause secondary accidents such as fire or burns to the
operator/s of the equipment or machinery. To avoid such incidents, regular maintenance of
electrical wiring/LT/HT section and distribution panel/s may be done periodically as
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recommended by competent person. Also a certificate to that effect may be kept in display
for information of all. The safety aspects as covered under safety requirements as prescribed
by the concerned safety inspector need to be followed up for prevention of such accidents.
7.5.4 Environmental & Health Aspects:-

There are potential risks to environment and health from improper handling of solid wastes.
Direct health risks concern mainly the workers in this field, who need to be protected, as far
as possible, from contact with wastes. For the general public, the main risks to health are
indirect and arise from the breeding of disease vectors, primarily flies and rats.
7.5.4.1 Environmental Aspects:-
The most obvious environmental damage caused by municipal solid wastes is aesthetic, the
ugliness of street litter and degradation of the urban environment and beauty of the
landscape. More serious, however, and often unrecognised, is the transfer of pollution to
water, ground water. Air pollution can be caused from the inefficient burning of wastes,
either in open air, or in plants that lack effective treatment facilities from the gaseous
effluents. The generation of stinking odour around the site is a major source of discomfort
amongst the inhabitants. The local wind conditions may aggravate this problem further.
7.5.4.2 Health Aspects:-
Epidemiological studies have shown that a high percentage of workers who handle refuse,
and of individuals who live near or on disposal sites, are infected with gastrointestinal
parasites, worms and related organisms. Contamination of this kind is likely at all points
where waste is handled. A major adverse impact is due to the attraction of rodents and
vector insects for which it provides food and shelter. Further the decomposing matter in the
landfill is the beehive for flies and other insects and disease vectors such as cholera, typhoid,
dysentery, malaria, jaundice and other communicable diseases particularly skin problems,
nausea, vomiting , headaches induced in the inhabitants around the site.
Project proponent carries out the following checks to curb the problem:
 Pre - employment medical check-up at the time of employment.
 Annual medical check-up for all employees.
 First aid training for to the employees.
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 Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure to be

carried out at frequent intervals, the records of which to be documented.
Mitigation measure -
All precautionary measures should be taken to avoid foreseeable accidents like spillage, Fire
and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such accident and to combat any
emergency at site level. Some of the preventive safety measures to be taken to minimize the
risk of accident with respect to technical safety, organizational safety and personal safety are
listed below:
 All reasonably practicable measures to minimize the risk of such accident in
Compliance with the legal obligation under the relevant safety.
 Safety features such as fire extinguishers, fire hydrant system and suitable Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) to be provided. Regular operations and testing of fire
extinguishers to be carried out.
 Training of workers and staff to be given for safe waste, fire fighting, first aid and
integrating safety, in all activities.
 Accident / Incident reporting system and information of employees about the same to
be done for better awareness.
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) like goggles, safety shoes, helmet, apron,
earplugs, facemask & clothing to be provided to employees as per the job
requirements.
7.5.4.3 Leachate and Storm Water Management during Monsoon
 Leachate treatment plant is designed to accept excess leachate generated during the
monsoon period.
 A very critical aspect in wastewater management would be minimization of
generation of leachate/ wastewater.
 To minimize the same we propose to keep a maximum portion of the landfill covered
especially during the monsoon, thus minimizing the generation of leachate.
 Water collected in the pond shall be tested for storm water quality parameters and if
it meets the discharge standards shall be discharged, otherwise the same Shall be
considered as leachate and sent to the leachate treatment plant.
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7.6 BASIS OF PLAN AND HANDLING OF EMERGENCY:-

 It is not possible to envisage and detail every action, which should be taken during an
emergency. The basic philosophy is to get key personnel of necessary discipline who
have the knowledge and background to assess the situation and give directions as per
the objectives as quickly as possible.
 The plan identifies the services/departments required to combat emergencies and
also identifies the key persons to discharge the duties.
 Key personnel have been identified for emergencies and are responsible for
providing necessary assistance.
 Messages via telephones are restricted to key personnel only. This is required to keep
the telephones free for key personnel to contact for necessary feed-back.
 Senior person who arrives on scene is automatically in charge for the service group.
He should not leave the site without entrusting the charge to his deputy. All the key
personnel should be available at the main control room. All key personnel of other
services to report to main site controller, whom to coordinate between various
departments and outside agencies
Personal Protective Equipment
 Face masks
 Hand gloves
 Gum boots
 Goggles
 Helmets
 Safety belts
 Aprons
Equipment list
 Internal / External telephone
 Portable alarm
 Torches
 Emergency cupboard with necessary PP
******
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CHAPTER - VIII
PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The proposed Integrated Solid Waste Management project at pachiyari Kothiya Village, by
Deoghar Nagar Nigam. The proposed integrated MSW processing and disposal facility will be
established to handle about 200 TPD.
8.2. COMPOST PRODUCTION

The proposed project will have direct and indirect economic benefits in form of
employment, development of ancillaries, establishment of service facilities, development
of telecom and transportation facilities. Besides the compost production would add to the
revenue to the operator of the landfill. The production of compost shall also enhance the
crop productivity and improvement in the soil texture and enhancement of soil nutrients
The compost produced from the composting pads and vermin composting unit can be
used as soil conditioner that improve soil quality. This compost has the ability to help
regenerate poor soil by increasing nutrient content in soil and retain moisture.
The following benefits are being envisioned:-
 Use of compost produced as manure to the crops.

 Generation of revenue through the sale of compost produced from the MSW
processing and disposal facility.
8.3. BENEFITS OF LANDFILL

Landfills minimize the natural impact of solid waste on the environment by the
following ways:-
 Isolation of inert waste through containment
 Elimination of polluting pathways
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8.4. RECYCLING
A number of recyclable materials, for example paper, glass, plastic, rubber, ferrous and non-
ferrous metals present in the MSW are suitable for recovery and reuse. This will benefit rag
pickers.
8.5 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE:

The proposed project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio economic
Environment. It helps sustain the development of this area including further development of
physical infrastructural facilities. The following physical infrastructure facilities will improve
due to proposed project.
 Road transport facilities
 Housing facilities
 Water supply and sanitation
 Power
8.6 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

Agriculture & plantation are one of the basic sectors of employment for the local people in
this area. The project will lead to indirect and direct employment opportunity. Employment
is expected during operation period, garbage lifting and other ancillary Services.
Employment in these sectors will be temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled
labour will be more. A major part of this labour force will be mainly from local villagers who
are expected to engage themselves both in agriculture and project activities. This will
enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of the area.
8.7 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

In this project number of skilled and unskilled local workers will be employed. The project
will generate direct and indirect employment. Preference will be given to the local people for
employment based on their educational qualifications and experience. Manpower
requirement for the proposed project will be approx. 200 -250 people during operation
phase. The labourers will also get trainings for skill development. The local people will also
be preferred for contract jobs during operational stages of the project.
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8.8 OTHER PROJECT BENEFITS

Benefit to the Urban Local Body: Due to implementation of this project, the ULB of
Pachiyari Kothiya village will comply with the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules
2016, wherein it
has been stated that the ULBs are responsible for scientific collection, transportation,
Segregation and disposal of municipal solid waste within this limits.
Organised Collection of MSW: The systematic collection, transportation, segregation and

disposal of the municipal wastes will lead to an organized, accountable and reliable
mechanism of disposal of waste.
Compost Facility: The segregated waste will have composting facility (to obtain composted
fertilizer), Refuse Derived Fuel (as a source of alternative fuel from waste), which otherwise
would have been wasted if dumped indiscriminately.
Environmental Benefits: Regular monitoring of the surrounding will keep the area
environmentally safe and under any adverse circumstance, immediate measures will be
taken and enacted upon.
The overall effect will improve buying power of employees and thus a higher standard of
living viz. better education, improved health and sanitation facilities housing and acquisition
of consumer durable. This is envisaged as a major positive benefit.
*****
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CHAPTER – IX
ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan developed to ensure that the
project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner.
This EMP also describes the role and responsibilities of staff supervising the project from
Head office, personnel deployed at the project site and contractors, if any, who will be
responsible for implementing this EMP.
Environmental and Social Management Cell
For the effective and consistent functioning of the project, an Environmental Management
Cell (EMC) will be established for the project.
The major duties and responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell will be as follows
 To implement the environmental management plan.
 To assure regulatory compliance with all relevant rules and regulations.
 To ensure regular operation and maintenance of pollution control devices.
 To minimize environmental impacts of operations as by strict compliance to the
EMP.
 To initiate environmental monitoring as per approved schedule.
 Review and interpretation of monitored results and corrective measures in case
monitored results are above the specified limit.
 Maintain documentation of good environmental practices and applicable
environmental laws as ready reference.
 Maintain environmental related records.
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Although the impacts on the environment during the construction phase would be
temporary in nature and are expected to culminate on completion of the construction
activities, implementation of management plans for various environmental attributes
will further reduce the impact in terms of its spread, duration and intensity.
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TABLE-9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE

S.N. Potential impacts Mitigation measures
1. Fugitive emission from Wet suppression will be applied to all inactive
construction activity. disturbed surface areas on a daily basis especially
during dry and windy days.
Limited vehicular movement will be permitted on
disturbed soils
Vehicle speeds on unpaved roads will be restricted
25 kmph;
Contractors will be required to maintain valid
Pollution under Control certificates issued by
Transport Department and proper maintenance
records for their fleet;
Haul trucks will be covered with suitable covering

material like tarpaulin sheets to prevent fugitive
emissions during transportation of construction
materials.
2. Noise due to Construction The construction areas to be provided with sheet

activities (such as excavation, barriers or temporary walls along the boundary
grading, erecting equipment, close to any habitations;
piling, etc) Rubber padding to be provided in the construction
machinery for vibration control;
Regular maintenance of its vehicles and repair of its
equipment/ machinery will be undertaken;
3. Potential run-off from site Awareness on optimal water consumption will be

and percolation of used oil/ provided to the labourers.
oil and grease generated Garland drains will be constructed to prevent the
from the vehicles. runoff from stockpiles generated during excavation;
Contamination of surface and
An impervious cover will be provided over the
groundwater resources
adjacent storm water drain to prevent the surface
runoff carrying the construction waste materials/
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other pollutants to enter the drain.

4. Removal of flora at site due The area has devoid of dense vegetation only weeds
to clearing of vegetation & grasses are removed from the site. No vegetation
to be removed from area outside the project site
boundary.
33% Compensatory afforestation will be done in
fixed area.
5. Disruption of traffic and Movement of traffic entering the site shall be
marginal increase in properly managed to ensure minimum disturbance
potential for traffic related. to community;
Dedicated entry and exit points to be provided
within the Site.
6. Occupational Health and The construction staff and contractors involved in
Safety. the construction activities will be trained on the
necessary precaution and safety practices prior to
commencement of construction activity;
All required Personal Protection Equipment will be
used by the workers at site and their use to be
supervised;
Proper signage will be provided in places of
excavated areas;
Workers will be provided with required PPEs and
first aid to be used at site;
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TABLE 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN IN OPERATIONAL PHASE

S.N. Component Potential impact identified Suggested Management Plan
1. Ambient Air Vehicular emissions  Internal roads will be concreted / asphalted to reduce dust emissions;
Quality Dust and particulates Emissions  All the trucks bringing waste to the site will be covered throughout their
Gas emission transportation route;
 Thick green belt will be provided along the internal roads and plant
boundary which will limit the spread of dust and odour;
 Proper gas management plan.
 Post closure monitoring of ambient air quality at site should be undertaken
as per the requirements of MSW Rules, 2016.
2. Soil Quality Contamination of soil due to  Design parameters for facility already include impermeable concrete
Leachate. windrow pad, drainage network, leachate collection and treatment system.
Spillage from vehicles and used  Ensure that the surface runoff from paved areas are collected in storm
oil from DG set water drains and does not flow to landscaped areas;
 It is recommended that the closed landfill should have provisions for HDPE
Liner beneath it to check leachate percolation into soil and ground water.
3. Ambient Noise Potential increase in noise levels in  Acoustic enclosures, rubber paddings and linings will be provided for all
Quality adjoining areas due operating noise producing equipment’s such as shredders, DG sets etc.
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equipment’s.  Trees with heavy foliage and Green belt of 6m width in 3 rows to serve as
acoustic barriers;
Impact on avifaunal species  Proper maintenance of machineries such as diesel and exhausts silencers,
due to increased noise lubrication of conveyer trolleys, etc.
 Working hours of the workers employed in high noise areas will be rotated;
 Earplugs/muffs, or other hearing protective wear will be provided to those
working very close to the noise generating machinery;
 Periodic monitoring of noise levels on site and at nearby receptors will be
carried out to ensure compliance with Noise Pollution (Regulation &
Control) Rules 2000.
4. Water Fresh water demand of the  Recycling and reuse of leachate will be carried out to minimize fresh water
Resources and Project. requirement.
Quality Inadequate management of  Provisions to be made for rainwater harvesting from rooftop, paved areas
Storm water. and landscaping areas.
Leachate generation from  Leachate from the waste tipping areas will be collected separately and
windrows compost pads, conveyed via leachate collection drain up to leachate collection sump
mixed waste storage pits and  Quality of groundwater should be monitored and analysed against IS
closed landfill 10500standards for drinking water prior to use.
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5. Traffic & Increase in traffic volume  A proper traffic management plan will be implemented to mitigate adverse
Transport impacts, if any on existing traffic and transport scenario.
6. Ecology Disturbance to local birds  A green belt will be developed along the periphery of the proposed
and small mammals in the project which will limit noise reaching outside the project boundary and
adjoining areas provide habitat to small birds and mammals;
 Native species and healthy seedlings will be planted at intervals of 4 × 4-
m in 60× 60 × 60-cm size pits filled with topsoil;
 Attempts will be made to ensure that all open spaces, where tree
plantation may not be possible, will be covered with shrubs and grass to
prevent erosion of topsoil.
7. Socioeconomic Disturbance to community due to  Good Waste Handling practices will be implemented which will greatly
aspect increased noise levels, odour, air reduce foul smell and reduce impact from odours.
emissions and  Vehicles/ trucks moving through community roads will be covered and
traffic. More employment the operations will be restricted to day time.
Opportunities Formalization of  Maximum efforts will be made to provide job opportunities to local
ragpickers Participatory role of residents during construction and operation phase.
Residents Improve aesthetics of area  Awareness campaigns to be organized emphasizing the need of sorting at
source, waste collection and participatory role of residents in waste
management in an area.
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Besides the above management measures for various environmental and social
parameters,
Detailed Management Plans have also been formulated.
BUDGETARY PROVISION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
TABLE: COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION MEASURES
Capital cost Annual recurring
Particulars
S. No. (In Rs.) cost (in Rs.)
Proposed Proposed
1 Air pollution control system 8.0/- 5.0/-
2 Environment monitoring -- 4.0/-
3 Proposal of Rain water harvesting 5.0/- 1.0/-
4 Green belt 5.0/- 2.5/-

5 Occupational measures 5.0/- 3.0/-
6 Miscellaneous 5.0/- 3.5/-
Total 28.0/- 19.0/-
9.2 LEACHATE MANAGEMENT PLAN

Leachate Management Plan
Leachate will be generated in various waste handling areas of the facility such as waste
collection pit, Windrow platforms, pit washing and closed landfill area due to natural
process of decomposition of Organic waste. Prevention measures will be implemented to
avert its percolation and polluting soil and groundwater.
Management Measures
 In order to facilitate unhindered composting process even during rainy season, a
covered roof shed process yard has been planned with suitable support PEB structures.
 Generated leachate will be re-circulated back to processing.
 Leachate collection sump will be provided for collection of leachate from the
windrows. The leachate from the sump will be pumped back onto the windrows to
maintain required moisture content (i.e. 60%) and to make use of enzymes present in
the leachate. The overflow from the leachate sump will flow into solar evaporation
tank.
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9.3 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN

Greenbelt has been planned in the periphery of the proposed project site which along
with the other planned green areas within the site, will cover about 33 % of the total
project area. The closed landfill cover will also be provided with green vegetation. The
development of a greenbelt will help in noise attenuation and also to arrest particulate
pollution to a small extent. Plants serve as a sink for pollutants, act as a barrier to break
the wind speed as well as allow the dust and other particulates to settle. The plant species
suitable for greenbelt development need to be selected based on the following criteria:
Fast growing, non-edible perennial plants.
 ability to thrive on low-nutrient soil
 Thick canopy cover;
 Large leaf area index;
 High sink potential;
 Efficient in absorbing pollutants without significantly affecting their growth; and
 Suitable for the local seasons.
Methodology
In order to assure proper greenbelt development, following management plan will be
adopted:
 Greenbelt shall be constructed in 5m-6m width in 3 rows around the plant
periphery.
 Healthy and established sapling having 1m height will be selected for planting in
greenbelt to avoid mortality.
 Pit measurements of 0.6 m x 0.6 m x 0.6 m will be dug up at desired point in
triangular pattern at an interval of 2m × 2m and shall be filled with topsoil, Farm
Yard Manure (FYM) and vermin-compost.
 The pit should be filled with mixture of cow dung manure and soil in ratio of 1: 4.10
gm BHC of 10% concentration should be properly mixed with the soil and manure to
kill the termites and insect.
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 Spacing of at least 3 m between the saplings of tall shrubs and dwarf trees in the first
row, 6-7m space between medium trees in middle row and 8-10 m spacing in the
rear rows of tall trees will be maintained.
 Close plantation is recommended for accommodating more number of trees per unit
area resulting in more leaf surface.
Post-Plantation Care
 Watering at least once a week during dry spells.
 Organic fertilizer and manure.
 Weeding thrice in the first year and twice a year, during the subsequent two years
and soil working
 Plugging and mulching.
 Protection from pests.
 Pruning and thinning
PROPOSED PLANTATION- About 32111 Sqm (3.20 Ha) areas will be covered under the
greenbelt all around the site boundary. Proposed greenbelt is 33.6 % of Total Land. Approx.
3000 plant will be planted within project boundary.
TABLE NO-9.3 PROPOSED PLANTED SPECIES

Sr. No. Local Name of proposed Botanical Name
planted species.
1 Karanj Pongamia Pinnata
2 Neem Azadirachta indica
3 Sirish Albizia lebbeck
4 Amaltas Cassia fistula

5 Gulmohar Delonix regia
6 Palash Butea monosperma
7 Peepal Ficus religious

8. Sagwan Tectona grandis
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9.4 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN

The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) is applicable for all project
operations which have the potential to adversely affect the health and safety of
construction workers, MSW facility operators and other labours.
The Occupation Health & Safety Management Plan (OHSMP) have been formulated to
address the occupational health and safety related impacts that may arise from proposed
project activities particularly during waste handling and segregation, waste unloading,
processing and disposal.
Management Measures
 Providing workers with appropriate protective clothing, gloves, respiratory face masks
and slip-resistant shoes for waste transport workers and hard-soled safety shoes for all
workers.
 The workplace shall be equipped with fire detectors, alarm systems and fire-fighting
equipment. The equipment shall be periodically inspected and maintained in good
working condition.
 Providing adequate personnel facilities, including washing areas and areas to change
clothes before and after work.
 All the employees shall be required to undergo a medical check-up before joining the
facility.
 First aid facilities required to attend immediately for meeting emergency situations
shall be made available at the facility.
Community Health & Safety Management Plan

The Community Health & Safety Management Plan shall be applicable construction as
well as operation phase so as to minimize adverse impacts on health and safety of
nearby community.
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Management Measures
Efforts will be made for best housekeeping practices within the project site, so that no water
get accumulated in small depressions or low lying areas or within any empty tanks,
containers, tyres or debris , which can become breeding areas for mosquitoes. To minimize
odour generation from the facility, maximum efforts will be put in to maintain aerobic
conditions in the windrows to facilitate decomposing of biodegradable waste in oxygen rich
environment, thereby minimizing chances of production of odorous gases like methane,
ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. Regular monitoring of ambient air quality and noise levels
will be undertaken in and around the facility.
Socio Economic development activities under Corporate Environment Responsibility
(CER)
CER is management‘s commitment to operate the project in an economically, socially and
environmentally sustainable manner it includes social environment development activities
required by the nearby villagers. The tentative budget allocation for CER activities are given
below:
TABLE NO-9.4 PROPOSED CER ACTIVITY
Amount to be
S. No Description spent (Rs.in Lakhs)
C R
1 Promoting Education (providing infrastructure like 18.2/- 1.82/-
construction of additional class rooms, furniture etc
Entrepreneurship development & job creation in nearby area)
2 Health Care (Performing free Cataract surgeries, 10/- 1.0/-
Infrastructure support to area Govt. Hospitals like providing
bed and equipment for treatment etc., Conducting Health
camps and Providing medicines.)
3 Environment care (taking up avenue plantation, Plantation in 20/- 2.0/-
communities, providing solar power/ lights, rain water
224
harvesting etc)
4 Rural Development (laying roads, construction of drains, 20/- 2.0/-
community halls, other infrastructure for development of
surrounding villages, Supply of drinking water, construction/
installation community toilets for male & female in nearby
areas.)
5 Awareness programme organized for increase yield of crop and 6.2/- 0.62/-
fodder for nearby villagers & skill development organizations
in getting employments in industries.
G. Total 74.4/- 7.44/-
Note- As per OM No. 22-65/2017-IA.III dated 01/05/2018 regarding “Corporate

Environment Responsibility” (CER), project has to contribute 2% of the Capital Investment;
the company will contribute Rs. 74.4 Lakhs as funds for CER activities.
====*******===
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CHAPTER – X
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
10.1 INTRODUCTION
This project is an integrated municipal solid waste management project and proposed for
the setting up of processing facilities and sanitary landfill facility. The proposed project is
planned in accordance to the solid waste management rules 2016 and it consists of waste
collection system, segregation facility, waste processing unit and a sanitary landfill.
The objective of the project study is to design an integrated solid waste management
system in Deoghar city while redesigning & improving the existing solid waste
management system in an environmentally and economically sustainable manner.
The proposed project is to set up a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility to cater to
the needs of municipal waste disposal facility for Deoghar town. The Nagar Nigam
Deoghar, which is the urban local body (ULB) responsible for collection, transportation
and disposal system, has realized that the existing waste collection and disposal facility is
insufficient for the town on qualitative and quantitative aspects. In order to comply with
Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000, the Nagar Nigam
Deoghar has proposed to set up a waste collection system, segregation facility, waste
processing unit and a sanitary landfill
10.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

Identification of project-
Management of solid waste is of growing concern to the general public at large, local
authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is
exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an
economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and hence, wastes generation.
The Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve the existing SWM
practices in the Country. In regards of this Deoghar Nagar Nigam proposed to setup an
Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management System for Deoghar Nagar Nigam at
village Pachiyari Kothiya district Deoghar Jharkhand. Refer Annexure-II for land
documents & Khasra detail of the project.
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Identification of project proponent

Applicant Authorize signatory
Deoghar Nagar Nigam, Mr. Sanjay Kumar Singh
Address- Court Road, P.O.: Deoghar, (Municipal Commissioner)
Dist -Deoghar, PIN- 814112, Jharkhand, Phone no. - +91 9430870358
Phone no: - 0643-2232786 Email – deogharmunicipality@yahoo.com
TABLE-10.1: SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

A. Nature of the Project Integrated Municipal Solid Waste processing
Facility
B. Size of the Project
1. Expected Waste Quantity 87.48 TPD in 2017; 134.86 TPD by 2027 and
206.04 TPD by 2037.
2. Composting 90TPD
3. RDF Processing Plant Capacity 110 TPD
4. Sanitary Landfill Design Life of Landfill is 20 Years (2017 to 2037)
C Location Details
1. Village Pachiyari Kothiya
2. Tehsil Deoghar
3. District Deoghar
4. State Jharkhand.
D Environmental Settings of the Area
1. Ecological Sensitive Areas No National park, Sanctuary, Biosphere reserve
Wild life corridor, Tiger /elephant reserve exists
in the 10 Km radius.
2. River / water body S.No Name Distance Direction
(Km)
227

3 Kutaniya Nadi 7.8 SW
4 Chhauuri 8.0 NW
Nihan Nadi
8 Chandan 8.1 NE
River
9 Jhajhajor Nala 5.4 NE
10 Chhatimi Nadi 1.5 NE
11 Karankol Nala 11.8 SSE
3. Nearest Town / City Deoghar (5.74 Km in S direction from project
site).
4. Nearest Railway Station Nearest Railway station is Baidyanathdham
railway station which is 5.78 Km in South
direction, & Deoghar Junction is about 3.26 Km in
South direction from project site.
5. Nearest Airport Dumka Airport is 67.27 Km in SE direction from
project site.
6. State Boundary The project falls under interstate boundary
(Bihar) which is about 2.65 Km in NNW direction
from project site.
7. Seismic Zone District Deoghar falls within Seismic zone-III
which is classified as the medium damage risk
zone.
E Cost Details
1. Estimated Project Cost 3721.07/- Lakhs
228

F Requirements of the Project
1. Water Requirement 18.5KLD
2. Workers in Construction Around 45
Phase
3. Workers in Operation Phase 15-16 on site (about 200-250 temporary
employees will be hired for primary collection,
transportation and miscellaneous jobs .
10.3 NEED OF PROJECT

Govt. of India has launched Swachh Bharat Mission to improve the environment, sanitation
condition, and SWM services etc. in all ULB of India. Municipal solid waste management is
the need of the day to keep the city clean and improve the hygienic condition and
environment of the town.
There is no scientific disposal method being followed, the garbage is left open for the natural
decomposition. Since existing open trenches are not engineered landfills, therefore they are
prone to ground water and soil pollution, vector nuisance, odor problem, besides becoming
breeding grounds for mosquitoes, flies, etc. The leachate generated may cause unsanitary
condition in the surroundings. To avoid all above, this project has the prime requirement in
the area.
10.4 LAND DETAILS

The project is will be developed as Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing & Disposal
Facility at Pachiyari Kothiya Village, Plot No: 723, 723/752, 701, 702, 720, Rakba: 23.56
Acre, Thana number 242, Khata No 58, District-Deoghar, Jharkhand.
229
TABLE 10.2: LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY

S. No Particular Area in SqM Area in Area in %
acres
1. Build-up area 4452 1.10 4.7
3. Road area 4047 1.0 4.2
5. Landfill area 36705 9.07 38.5
management plant
Total 95364 23.56 100
10.5DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED SITE FACILITY:-

Water Requirement
Construction Phase- During construction phase water will be require about 5 KLD which
will be brought from PHED water supply.
Operational Phase- Total water requirement in the project during operational phase will be
about 18.5KLD. ( in KLD)
S.N. Utility Water requirement Waste water Remarks
generation
1 Domestic 1.0 0.8 Sent to septic
tank/soak pit
2 Floor washing /Vehicle 5.0 4.5 Treated in ETP
maintenance shed
3 Process water 8.0 4.5 Recirculate in process
4 Green belt 2.5 -
5 Dust suppression 2.0 -
Total 18.5 9.8
Total fresh water requirement 10.0 KLD
Total recycle of water 8.5 KLD
230
Power requirement
The details of the power and fuel required for running DG sets for emergency use during power
Failure is given in below-
Details Capacity Remarks
Power Requirement 280 KVA Source- supplied from JVVNL
Manpower requirement: - In construction phase about 45 people will get employment & in
operation phase required manpower is 200-250.
10.6 BASELINE MONITORING STATUS

The baseline environmental monitoring was carried out during post monsoon of year
October 2018 to December 2018. The predominant wind direction during study period was
W to E. The various environmental components which are thoroughly studied during the
study period include:
 Water Environment (surface and ground water)
 Air Environment
 Noise Environment
 Biological Environment
 Socio- Economic Environment
10.6.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT- The assessment of present status of water quality within
the study area was conducted by collecting water from ground & surface water sources
during the period of October to December 2018. Four ground water samples and four
surface water samples were collected during the study period. Interpretation result of water
are given below-
 It is observe that the pH of the ground water samples are range from 6.9 to 7.7,
which is between the acceptable pH limit for drinking water.
 The concentration of Total dissolve solides (TDS) are in the range of 462mg/l to 976
mg/l which falls in permissible category stipulated by Bureau of Indian standards.
231
The desirable limit for total dissolved solids as per IS-10500 Standards is 500 mg/l
whereas the permissible limit in absence of alternate source is 2000 mg/l.
 Total hardness of the ground water sample observed in the range of 188 to 398 mg/l
as CaCO3. The desirable limit is 200 mg/l and permissible limit is 600 mg/l.
 Fluoride Concentration is between 0.4 to 1.1 mg/l. The desirable limit of 1 mg/l and
permissible limit of 1.5 mg/l.
 chlorides Concentration is between 42 to 149 mg/l. The desirable limit of 250mg/l

and permissible limit of 1000 mg/l.
10.6.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT

PM10 level in the study area:
PM10 value recorded during the study period ranges between 48.62 µg/m3 to 77.00 µg/m3.
PM2.5 level in the study area:

PM2.5 value recorded during the study period ranges between 27.13 µg/m3 to 51.41µg/m3.
SO2 level in the study area:-

SO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 7.08µg/m3 to 11.00µg/m3.
NO2 level in the study area:-

NO2 value recorded during the study period ranges between 16.13 µg/m3 to 31.52 µg/m3.
CO level in the study area: CO value recorded during the study period ranges between
0.23 mg/m3 to 1.01 mg/m3.
Conclusion
From the baseline monitoring result, it is observed that the monitored parameters (PM 10,
PM2.5, SO2, NO2,) are within the permissible limits as per NAAQS, 2009 during the study
period.
232
10.6.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00 am to 10.00 pm and night noise levels
during 10.00 pm to 6.00 am, at all the 8 locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.
During the study period ambient noise level were monitored and observed maximum level
was: 54.5 dB (A) recorded during day time at Deoghar Village & minimum was 35.3dB (A)
recorded during night time in Ghirudia Villages.
10.6.4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The biological study of the area has been conducted in order to understand the ecological
status of the existing flora and fauna to generate baseline information and evaluate the
probable impacts on the biological environment. There is no national parks wild life
sanctuary in the study area. No Threat & endangered species found in the core & buffer
zone.
10.6.5 SOCIO- ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Total population of the study area is 65676 persons. Out of which 34389 are male and 31287
are female. SC total population is 13489 out of which 6992 are male and 6497 are female.
Literacy Rate is the amount of people in a country with the ability to read and write. The
analysis of the literacy levels is done in the study area. Literacy in any region is key for
socio-economic progress and the Indian literacy rate grew to 59.36% in 2011.
10.7 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN

Construction phase works include site clearance, site formation, building works,
infrastructure provision and any other infrastructure activities. The impacts due to
construction activities are short term and are limited to the construction phase. The impacts
will be mainly on air quality, water quality, soil quality and socio-economics, necessary
control measures will be taken to minimize the impacts.
During the operation phase of the proposed project there would be impacts on the air
Environment, water environment, Land environment and socio-economic aspects. The Main
sources of air pollution are as follows.
 Area source emissions from landfill operations.
 Point source emissions from Incinerator, DG set.
233
TABLE 10.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MEASURES DURING OPERATION PHASE

S.No Potential Impact Detailed Action to be Parameters for Frequency of
Followed as per EMP Monitoring Monitoring
9) Air Emissions Gas quality from landfill VOC, H2S, EC norms given by
areas Methane & CO2 MoEF&CC and
CPCB protocol.
Stack emissions from DG As per CTE
sets conditions
PM, SO2, NOx
AAQ within the Project As per NAAQ
premises. Standards
All vehicles to be PUC Vehicle logs to be
Certificate. maintained
Meteorological data Wind speed,
direction,
temp., relative
Humidity and
rainfall.
10) Noise Noise generated from Spot noise level Periodic during
operations to be recording operation phase Once
monitored in month by third
party
11) Wastewater Compliance to pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, Daily at regular
Discharge wastewater COD and Oil & intervals
(leachate) discharge standards grease (heavy Once in a month
metals, if required) by third party
12) Solid Check compliance to Quality & quantity Periodically /
waste/Hazardous SWM rules monitoring CPCB norms.
Waste
13) Ground Water Monitoring ground As per CPCB Periodically & as Per
Quality water quality, through guidelines CPCB norms.
piezometers
14) Flora and Fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / No. of plants, Once a year
green cover development species
15) Soil quality Checking & Maintenance Physico-chemical Once a year
of good soil quality parameters and
around Heavy
Metals.
labour health check ups parameters (BP, per Factories act.
HIV,
Chest X-ray, Eye
vision, etc.) and HIV
for workers
234
10.8 RISK ANALYSIS

The principal objective of the risk assessment study is to identify and quantify the major
hazards and the risk associated with various operations of the proposed project, which may
lead to emergency consequences (disasters) affecting the public safety and health.
All necessary measures to minimize the risk due to the proposed project will be taken
during design stage and also during operation period viz. fire & safety control measures,
Emergency preparedness plan, disaster management plan, etc.
10.9. PROJECT BENEFITS

From the proposed project the major benefits, include improving the degraded environment
by establishing Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Processing and Disposal Facility.
 It will be the showcase for other states for management of solid waste with
Additional benefit of green and clean environment.
 It minimizes the pollution load on environment from municipal solid waste.
 Compliance with prescribed regulatory norms which in turn avert the risk of closure
on account of violation of rules.
 It reduces the number of Municipal Solid Waste dump sites in the area and also
eliminates the pollution potential.
 The management of wastes is relatively easier & economically viable at common
facility.
 Cost of environmental monitoring is less at common facility.
 Prevention of natural resource contamination thereby improving overall
environmental status of the region.
10.8. Environment Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development
in the area of the proposed project site. Hence, it needs proper Environmental Management
Plan (EMP) to meet these objectives. The purpose of the Environmental Management Plan is
to minimize the potential environmental impacts from the project and to mitigate the
adverse impacts. Details of Environment Management Plan are given in Table 10.5.
235
TABLE 10.5 MITIGATION MEASURE PROPOSED DURING OPERATION PERIOD

Air Quality Incinerator will be provided with a stack height meeting
Management guidelines, spray dryer, venturi scrubber, wet scrubber etc.
DG set will be provided with a stack height meeting guidelines
or 1 m above the tallest structure in the project area for proper
dispersion of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
Internal roads will be concreted/asphalted to reduce dust
emissions.
Speed restriction will be followed within the project and speed
breakers will be provided at entry and exit points.
Gas management system in landfill will be provided.
Green belt will be provided along the internal roads and plant
Boundary.
Odour Control Dilution of odourant by odour counteraction or neutralize by
spraying Ecosorb (organic and biodegradable chemical) around
odour generation areas at regular intervals.
Covering the landfill area under operation daily with layer of
earth, clay or a similar material.
Covering by using heavy duty hessian, plastics and foams odour
Can be minimized.
Gas Management To minimize the gas generation in the landfill, the organic
based waste will be diverted to incineration to the maximum
extent Possible.
To manage the gas generated a venting system with flaring
Arrangement will be provided, if the gas generation is more it
will be directed to canteen.
Water Quality The leachate generated from landfill will be collected into
Mitigation leachate collection wells.
Measures The leachate collected will be sprayed back into landfill for dust
Suppression etc. the excess if any will be disposed off.
236
The domestic wastewater will be collected and treated in septic

Tank/soak pit or portable STP and reused for greenbelt.
The effluent from floor washings, workshop etc. will be
collected, treated in O&G trap, settling tank and recycle back
for dust suppression etc.
Noise Acoustic enclosure will be provided for all the high noise
Mitigation Generating equipment.
Measures All the design/installation precautions as specified by the
manufacturers with respect to noise control are strictly
adhered to major noise generating sources are insulated
adequately by Providing suitable enclosures.
Other than the regular maintenance of various equipment, ear
Plugs are provided to the personnel close to the noise
generating units.
All the openings like covers, partitions are designed properly.
Solid Waste The ash coming from incineration plant area will be used as
Mitigation daily cover in landfill.
Measures The sludge generated in the leachate pond will be sent to land
fill.
Occupational Periodic health check-up for early detection and control of
Health & Safety communicable diseases.
Will provide preventive measures for potential fire hazards
with requisite fire detection, fire fighting facilities and
adequate water storage etc.
Provide regular training for workers in their respective fields.
******
237
CHAPTER – XI
CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
Wolkem Consultancy Services (A Division of Wolkem India Limited) has been associated
with mineral /mining projects located in Rajasthan, Uttarakhand, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala
for Wollastonite, Calcite, Limestone, China Clay and Soapstone deposits.
The Wolkem Consultancy Services (WCS) is accredited by NABET under “A”& “B” Category
for Sectors namely -
S. S. No. as Name of Sector Category

No. per Sector No.
NABET (MoEF & CC
Notification dt.
September
14,2006 &
Amendments)
I. 1 Mining of minerals including opencast / “A”
underground mining 1 (a) (i)
II. 7 Offshore and onshore oil and gas exploration, “A”
development & production 1 (b)
III. 8 Mineral beneficiation “A” 2 (b)
IV. 9 Chlor-alkali industry “A” 4 (d)
V. 16 Pesticides industry and pesticide specific “A” 5 (b)

intermediates (excluding formulations)
VI. 17 Petro-chemical complexes (industries based “A” 5 (c)
on processing of petroleum fractions &
natural gas and/or reforming to aromatics)
238
VII. 21 Petrochemical based processing (processes “A” 5 (e)

other than cracking & reformation and not
covered under the complexes)
VIII. 21 Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & “A” 5 (f)
dye intermediates; bulk drugs and
intermediates excluding drug formulations;
synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,
other synthetic organic chemicals and
chemical intermediates)
IX. 34 Highways B 7 (f)
X. 36 Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) B 7 (h)
XI. 37 Common Municipal Solid Waste Management B 7 (i)

Facility (CMSWMF)
XII. 38 Building and construction projects B 8 (a)
XIII. 39 Townships and Area development projects B 8 (b)
WIL laboratory is well equipped quality lab having sophisticated equipment’s. It is

accredited by NABL (Certificate No T 5941 Issue date 21/07/2017 & Valid 20/07/2019)
and also recognized by MoEF &CC.
***
239
DOC
240
241
242
THE END
243

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

INTEGRATED MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROCESSING FACILITY

PREPARED BY:- WOLKEM INDIA LIMITED APPLICANT:-

Prepared By Wolkem India Limited

NABET ACCREDITATION CERTIFICATE

LDPE Low-density polyethylene

3.3 WATER ENVIRONMENT............................................................................................................................................................... 96

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION ...........................................................................................................................................................181

CONSULTANTS ENGAGED ....................................................................................................................................................................... 238

TABLE 3.13: NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ..............................................................106

ANNEXURE NO.- PARTICULAR

Environment Impact Assesment &

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

The purpose of this report is to prepare an environmental statement on assessment of likely

It comprises of evaluation of existing MSWM practices, identifying deficiencies/gaps in the

1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT

1 Ajay River 10.6 SSW

Sr. No. Particulars Details

FIGURE 1.1: LOCATION MAP

Importance to country and region:-

1.5 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY

Public consultations and disclosure:

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) along with Monitoring Plan:

Present MSW quantity, based on average per capita

Considering the population projection and the waste

2. Submit a 10 km. radius map (on survey of

4 Examine and submit details of storm

Leachate Collection Pit & Circulation System -A

Waste storage & processing of waste is proposed in a

7 Examine and submit details of impact on

Leachate/runoff water will not be let out from the

However, considering the population projection and

Hazardous waste and bio- medical wastes are not

Excavated soils (cut volumes) shall be re-used for

In order to comply with the environmental

22. A detailed draft EIA/EMP report should be Noted and followed.

conformity of the proposals to the Solid Waste

6. The project proponents should consult the Municipal Followed,

18. Report on health and hygiene to be maintained by the Followed.

2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT

TABLE NO-2.1 COORDINATE OF THE PROPOSED AREA

FIGURE 2.1: GOOGLE IMAGE OF THE AREA

FIGURE 2.2: LOCATION MAP

FIGURE 2.3: KEY PLAN OF THE AREA

TABLE 2.2: COMPLIANCES OF SELECTED LANDFILL AS PER SWM RULES, 2016

Criteria for landfill site Required as per SWM Actual Position

2.4 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION

2.4.1 Current Scenario of municipal solid waste management;-

TABLE- 2.3 WARD WISE PROJECTED WASTE GENERATION

TABLE- 2.4 SUMMARY OF CURRENT SWM SYSTEM IN DEOGHAR

(B) STEP 2 - Primary Collections:-

(C) STEP 3 - Street Sweeping:-

(D) STEP 4 - Secondary Storage Waste storage depots:-

(E) STEP 5 - Transportation of Waste

Types of No. of vehicles Trips Made Waste Lifted

(F) STEP 6 - Waste processing:-

(G) STEP 7 - Disposal of Waste:-

TABLE- 2.6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

TABLE- 2.7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN DEOGHAR TOWN

Bulk Density (kg/m) 293.7 345 340 355 157 315

TABLE- 2.8 WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION

2.4.3 Proposed land breakup for solid waste management facility

TABLE 2.9 LAND USES BREAK UP OF PROPOSED FACILITY