Spring steel is a name given to a wide range

of steels[1] used in the manufacture of springs, prominently

in automotive and industrial suspension applications. These
steels are generally low-alloy manganese, medium-carbon
steel or high-carbon steel with a very high yield strength.
This allows objects made of spring steel to return to their
original shape despite significant deflection or twisting.

Common spring steel grades

Hardness
SAE (HRC)
Yield
grade Compositi Commen
strengt
(ASTM on ts
h Typic Maximu
grade)
al m

0.65-
Normal
0.75% C,
ly
0.60- CS70,
supplie 165vp
1070 0.90% Mn, 180vpn CK67,
d n
max .050% C70E
anneal
S, max
ed
.040% P

0.70– 62–78 Scaleless

1074/107 0.80% C, ksi 44– blue,or
50
5[2] 0.50– (430– 50[5] Polished
0.80% Mn, 530 Bright
 max. MPa)[4]
0.030% P,
max.
0.035% S[3]

Piano
0.7–1.0% wire,
C, 0.2– music
1080 (A2
0.6% Mn, wire,
28)
0.1–0.3% springs,
Si[6] clutch
discs

0.90–
60–75
1.03% C,
ksi Blue, or
0.30–
(413– polished
1095 0.50% Mn, 48–
517 59 bright
(A684)[2] max. 51[5]
MPa), spring
0.030% P,
anneal steel
max.
ed
0.035% S[7]

0.55– Chrome-
0.65% C, silicon
97 ksi
5160 0.75– spring
(669 63
(A689)[8] 1.00% Mn, steel;
MPa)
0.70– fatigue-
0.90% Cr[9] resistant
 0.47–
0.55% C,
Old
max.
British 73
1.10% Mn,
50CrV4 5
0.90– 1200
(EN H1steel,
1.20% Cr, MPa
10277) SAE
0.10–
6150,
0.20% V,
735A51
max.
0.40% Si

0.50–
0.60% C,
0.70–
9255
0.95% Mn,
1.80–
2.20% Si[9]

0.08–
0.15% C, Equivale
301
max. nts EN
spring- 147 ksi
2.00% Mn, 10088-2
tempered (1014 42
16.00– 1.4310,
stainless MPa)
18.00% Cr, X10CrNi
steel[10]
6.00– 18-8
8.00% Ni[9]

A more
comprehensive range
of spring grades can
be found here[11]

Applications

 Applications include piano wire (also known as[12] music

wire) such as ASTM A228 (0.80–0.95% carbon), spring
clamps, antennas, springs, and vehicle coil springs, leaf
springs, and s-tines.
 Spring steel is also commonly used in the manufacture of
metal swords for stage combat due to its resistance to
bending, snapping or shattering.[dubious – discuss]
 Spring steel is one of the most popular materials used in
the fabrication of lockpicks due to its pliability and
resilience.
 Tubular spring steel is used in the landing gear of some
small aircraft due to its ability to absorb the impact of
landing.
 It is also commonly used in the making of knives,
especially for the Nepalese kukri.[citation needed]
 It is used in binder clips.
 Used extensively in shims due to its resistance to
deformation in low thicknesses.