Philippine Region and Its Cities

There are many different region in the Philippines and it compose of twelve (16) regions and 142 cities. Each cities has its
own unique development and most of them are still in need of development. If you’re looking for opportunities and city
tour visiting these region or cities are greatly promoted. People who are living in each city are friendly and definitely
provide you with a lot of smiles.
Philippines Regions
ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) Region 6 (Western Visayas)
CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region) Region 7 (Central Visayas)
NCR (National Capital Region) Region 8 (Eastern Visayas)
Region 1 (Ilocos Region) Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula)
Region 2 (Cagayan Valley) Region 10 (Northern Mindanao)
Region 3 (Central Luzon) Region 11 (Davao Region)
Region 4A (CALABARZON) Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN)
Region 4B (MIMAROPA) Region 13 (Caraga Region)
Region 5 (Bicol Region)
ARMM (Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao)
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) is the region located in the Mindanao group of islands. It is
predominantly composed of the Muslim provinces, the Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu,
and Tawi-Tawi.
The ARMM region is the only region in the Philippines with its own government. The regional capital is at the Cotabato
City even though this city is located outside of its jurisdiction.
The cities in ARMM region are: Lamitan City Marawi City
Lamitan City, Basilan  The terrain is relatively plain along the coastal areas and
History hilly in some areas. The urban area is 2.5 meters above
 Lamitan’s earliest historical account happened during the sea level and gently sloping to 300 meters toward the
immigration to the town by the Yakans. The area was hinterlands. The climatic condition is the same with
later known as Lamitan when as man named as Pedro other areas in the entire Basilan Island. It has a “D” type
Javier Cuevas, known in Basilan history as Datu Kalun, of climate and rainfall is evenly distributed throughout
fought with the natives. When he won, he established a the year.
settlement there, thus calling it as Lamitan. The area  The city has three main ethnic groups: the Yakans,
developed into a town with political boundaries reaching Tausugs and the Chavacanos. The Yakans and Tausugs
the Guiong River in the southeast and Balagtasan River are mostly Muslim while the Chavacanos are mostly
in the northeast. Christians. The main dialect spolen is Chavacano.
 The town became known during the Spanish, American Products and Services
and Japanese occupation as one of the minucipal districts Lamitan’s economy is based primarily in agriculture,
of Basilan, then part of Zamboanga Province. producing rice, tobacco, and garlic as economic staples.
 And as history went on, the Lamitan continued to be a The region is renowned for pottery, blacksmithing,
progressing town. June 18, 2007, voters in Lamitan furniture-making, and weaving. Its major agricultural
converted the town from being a province of Basilan into products are copra, rubber, coffee and fruits such as
a component city to be known as City of Lamitan. lanzones, marang and banana.
Though it was passed and the town became a city, it still Tourist Spots
underwent lost of its cityhood for two times as the Lami-Lamihan Festival – highlights the preservation of
Supreme Court granted a petition to cut Lamitan’s and Yakan cultural heritage, historical customs, traditions,
other cities name as a city due to not meeting the and showcases the unique and colorful Yakan clothes
cityhood’s qualifications. It was then restored almost and presentations.
four years after. Bulingan Falls – located some 9.5 kilometers southwest
 Now, Lamitan City is a 5th Class city in the province of of Lamitan. This falls serves as the major tourist
Basilan, Mindanao, Philippines. attraction due to its cold and clear water that provides a
refreshing summer splash for visitors. It also boasts a
Population/ Language/ Area
clear stream of water cascading 21 feet high into its
 Lamitan City is bounded on the east by the municipality irregular block rocks formations through the rock pool
of Tuburan, on the south by Tipo-Tipo, on the west by surrounded by pristine forests where colorful flora and
Isabela City and on the north by Basilan Strait. fauna dwell.
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 Aside from those listed above, the city also takes pride Malo-ong Canal and their corresponding lush
of their unexplored fine sand beaches of Palm Beach, underwater world.
Marawi City, Lanao del Sur
“The Only Islamic City in the Philippines”
History
 Marawi was called before as Dansalan and was the capital of the then undivided Lanao province from 1907-1940. The
placed served as the port area for the ships going to the most areas of the province. It then converted into a chartered city
on 1940 under the grant of Manuel L. Quezon. The name was changed from Dansalan to Marawi on 1956.
 The renaming of the city as “Islamic City of Marawi” was proposed by Parliamentary Bill No. 261 in the defunct
Batasang Pambansa, the former parliament of the Philippines during the Marcos regime, reportedly to attract funds from
the Middle East.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The land area of Marawi City is 87.55 km2 (33.80 sq mi) which is consisted mainly of the mountains, rolling hills,
valleys and a large placid lake. Because of its high elevation, Marawi City features a cool weather.
 Total population of the city as of 2010 is 187,106. These people are mainly consisting of Muslims which is 90% of the
total population.
Products and Services
The economy of the city is largely based on agriculture of rice and corn, and exporting of various crafts such as mat,
malong, wood crafts among many other things. They also manufacture hollow-blocks; goldsmith and blacksmithing is
equally popular too.
Business Opportunity
Possible businesses to be put up in Marawi City are rubber processing, marawi hotels, exporting of Halal foods, cold
storage facilities, oleochemical products, processed foods and apparel, jewelry such as pearls, and cloth weaving.
Tourist Spots
Local attractions in the city include:
Aga Khan Museum of Islamic Arts – has huge collections of indigenous art, displayed ethnic music tape recorded, the
native folk dances from different regions of Mindanao, Sulu and Palawan, the native tools and weapons used by the
Muslims and different artistic designs of houses are the main attractions of museum.
Dayawan Weaving Village
Royal Torogan Houses
Agus River – located in between Saduc and Lilod, Marawi City. Swiftest river in the country, its famous cataract is the
Maria Cristina Falls, outlet of Lake Lanao to Illana Bay.
Bagang Beach – it has trees in the lakeside that serve benches and shades. Besides are floating woods, where the brgy.
residents take a bath and ablution. Ideal for picnics, nice place for boating and swimming because of the clear water.
Mindanao State University Campus
Festivals and Celebration
Maulid En Nabi – the Muslims celebrate this day as the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad. On this day, the Sultan or
Datu of the place is obliged to give something for his people.
Morod A Muslim – a festival for the poor of the community where foods are prepared and people are invited including the
Sultan to partake of the feast.
CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region)
The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is composed by the provinces such as Abra, Apayao, Bengeut, Ifugao,
Kalinga, and Mountain Province, as well as Baguio City, as the regional center. The region encompasses most of the areas
within the Cordillera Central Mountains of Luzon, the largest mountain range in the country. It is the country’s only land-
locked region. It is also the home for the numerous tribes collectively called the Igorot.
The cities that are in the CAR Region are: Baguio City Tabuk City

Baguio City
The Summer Capital of the Philippines
History
 The places surrounding Baguio were first settled primarily by the Ibalois and the Kankanaeys. In the nearby town of La
Trinidad, Benguet, Spaniards established a zeus or military garrison, but the Kafagway, Baguio City’s former name, was
barely touched.
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 When the American took possession of the Philippines, Baguio started to be known. Much of these American soldiers,
from General to the lowest clerk would take their summer vacation at Baguio to escape the heat of summer. They then
named the place as the Summer Capital of the Philippines. In year 1903 Filipino, Japanese and Chinese workers were
hired to build the first road directly connecting Baguio with the lowlands of Pangasinan, the Kennon Road.

 On September 1, 1909 Baguio was declared a chartered city, the second after the city of Manila. They further developed
Baguio, building parks and public structures such as Wright Park in honor of Governor General Luke E. Wright,
Burnham Park in honor of Baguio city planner Daniel Burnham, Governor Pack Road, and Session Road.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Baguio City is located some 1,600 meters above sea level, nestled within the Cordillera Central mountain range in
northern Luzon. The city is enclosed by the province of Benguet. It covers a small area of 57.5 square kilometers. Most
of the developed part of the city is built on uneven, hilly terrain of the northern section. When Daniel Burnham plotted
the plans for the city, he made the City Hall as a reference point where the city limits extend 8.2 kilometers (5.1 mi) from
east to west and 7.2 kilometers (4.5 mi) from north to south. It is the highest major Philippine city in terms of elevation.
 Baguio City features a subtropical highland climate under the Köppen climate classification. The city is known for its
mild climate. It is because of this that Baguio is nicknamed the “Summer Capital of the Philippines”. Owing to its high
elevation, the temperature in the city is 8 degrees Celsius lower compared to the average temperature of the rest of the
country. Average temperature ranges from 15 to 23 degrees Celsius. It is usually lower during the late and early months
of the year. The lowest recorded temperature was 6.3 degrees Celsius on January 18, 1961. This is in contrast to the all-
time high of 30.4 degrees Celsius recorded on March 15, 1988 during the 1988 El Niño season. Baguio seldom exceeds
26 degrees Celsius even during the warmest part of the year.
 Like many other cities with a subtropical highland climate, Baguio sees noticeably less precipitation during its dry
season. However, the city has an extraordinary amount of precipitation during the rainy season, with the months of July
and August having on average more than 1,000 mm of rain. Baguio averages over 4500 mm of precipitation annually.
 Baguio City has a total land area of 57.49 square kilometers nestled 5,000 feet above sea level. It has an average
temperature of 16°C, which is cooler than most Philippine lowland temperatures by about 10°C. Today, the city is home
to some 350,000 people of diverse cultural, linguistic, and religious backgrounds. The central business district is defined
by dense commercial areas along the main thoroughfares, namely, Session, Magsaysay, Abanao, and Harrison roads.
Products and Services
 Vegetables are among the products which Baguio City is proud of. This is because a myriad of plants and fresh
vegetables such as cabbages easily grow in the mild climate of the city. Aside from these, various flowers also grow in
the city such as different varieties of roses, sunflowers, hydrangea, bromeliad, marigolds, impatiens, Christmas cactus
and poinsettas.
 Food items like peanut brittle, choco flakes, lengua and strawberry and ube jams also rank among the favorites of the
tourists here. These products are very affordable, ranging from 50 pesos to 200 pesos.
Tourist Spots
Baguio Flower Festival
Tourism is one of Baguio City’s main industry. That was because of its weather and history. The population of the city
doubled every holidays and summer vacations. Main attraction in the city includes the Panagbenga Festival which attracts
both locals and foreign visitors. To accommodate these tourists, there are more than 80 hotels and inns available.
Last 2011, Baguio City was awarded by the TripAdvisor as one of the Traveler’s Choice Destination in Asia.
Other tourist attractions in Baguio City are:
Burnham Park – located at the central part of the city which has a boating lake. There are also markets in the park, during
Bank holidays that sell all kinds of locally made products including wood carving, leather belts, T-shirts and bags.
Strawberry Farm – located at La Trinidad, it would take you for about 30 minutes of ride. Everyone is allowed to pick
strawberry, but you have to pay for them in kilos. Outside the farm, are local sellers that sell souvenir items like
strawberry key chain, strawberry bags, hats and many more. There are also some who sell strawberry taho and strawberry
ice cream.
Mines View Park – called as such as it overlooks the old gold mines of Baguio wherein 25% of the UK Gold came from
it. It has its own visiting center with small cafeteria inside.
Botanical Garden – known as the Igorot Village. This place features some flowers, native huts and other type of Igorot
dwellings found in the Cordilleras.

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 Visiting Baguio is one of the best place for you to tour if its summer in the Philippines. Now if you don’t have any place
to stay there you might check this Baguio Hotel Listings and see if there are available to for you’re to stay.
Tabuk City, Kalinga
History
 Tabuk became the Cordillera’s second city after Baguio on June 23, 2007, when 17,060 voters ratified Republic Act No.
9404, An Act Converting the Municipality of Tabuk into a Component City of the Province of Kalinga to be Known as the
City of Tabuk. In November 2008, the full bench of the Supreme Court of the Philippines declared Republic Act 9404
unconstitutional, reverting Tabuk to the status of a municipality.
 On December 10, 2008, Tabuk and the other 15 cities affected, informally known as the League of 16, filed a motion for
reconsideration with the Supreme Court. More than a year later, on December 22, 2009, acting on said appeal, the Court
reversed its earlier ruling as it ruled that “at the end of the day, the passage of the amendatory law (regarding the criteria
for cityhood as set by Congress) is no different from the enactment of a law, i.e., the cityhood laws specifically exempting
a particular political subdivision from the criteria earlier mentioned. Congress, in enacting the exempting law/s,
effectively decreased the already codified indicators.” As such, the cityhood status of Tabuk is effectively restored.
 But on August 24, 2010, in a 16-page resolution, the Supreme Court reinstated its November 18, 2008 decision striking
down the Cityhood laws making Tabuk a municipality again.
 Voting 7-6, with two justices not taking part, the SC reinstated its Nov. 18, 2008 decision declaring as unconstitutional
the Republic Acts (RAs) converting 16 municipalities into cities again.
 On February 15, 2011, the Supreme Court upheld for the 3rd time the cityhood of Tabuk and 15 other towns in the
Philippines.
Population/ Language/ Area
It borders with the town of Pinukpuk in the north and the town of Rizal in the northeast. On its westernmost section it
shares border with the towns of Pasil and Lubuagan. On the southwest it borders with the town of Tanudan. Tabuk City is
a border city of Kalinga with the provinces of Isabela and Mountain Province. In the east, it is bordered by the town of
Quezon, Isabela which is about 20 kilometers from the city center and the town of Paracelis, Mountain Province on the
south.
Products and Services
Agriculture is the main economic activity in the city. Chief product is rice. In fact, Tabuk is considered the rice granary of
the province. Other farm products are corn, coffee, livestock and poultry. Fishing is done on its rivers. Manufacturing is
limited to rice milling and food processing. Cottage industries include furniture making, wood crafts, weaving and other
handicrafts-making.
Business Opportunity
Eco-tourism in the city is a good way to invest in. There is also lots of production and processing of organic crops
especially cacao and coffee. These products can be exposed to the surrounding towns of Tabuk. Making of furniture is
also a bright prospect in this city.
Tourist Spots
Chico River – good for swimming, fishing, and white water rafting
NCR (National Capital Region)
The National Capital Region, or called as Metro Manila, is the most populous of the twelve defined metropolitan areas in
the Philippines and the 11th most populous in the world. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 11,855,975,
comprising 13% of the national population.
The region is the political, economic, social, cultural, and educational center of the Philippines. As proclaimed by
Presidential Decree No. 940, Metro Manila as a whole is the Philippines’ seat of government while the City of Manila is
the capital.
The cities that comprise the NCR Region are:
Caloocan City Navotas City
Las Piñas City Parañaque City
Makati City Pasay City
Malabon City Pasig City
Mandaluyong City Quezon City
Manila City San Juan City
Marikina City Taguig City
Muntinlupa City Valenzuela City
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 Caloocan City
History
 Some folks said that Caloocan got its name from a
Tagalog word “lo-ok” (bay) because it is near to Manila
Bay. Others insist that it was named after another
Tagalog “sulok” (corner) because before, the place was
located at the corner where the old towns of Tondo and
Malabon met. Therefore, the name of the place is a
mixture of the word “kasuluk-sulokan” which means
“innermost area”.
 Caloocan is known as the Makasaysayang Lungsod
(Historic City). Their claim of being a historic city has a
basis. This was the place of the Katipuneros, a secret
militant society formed during the Spanish colonization
in the country. The place served as their main meeting
place and history also said that this was the place where
the members of the Katipunan made their historic
“Unang Sigaw” which served as the starting point for
the early Filipinos to carry an arm against their
oppressors.
Population/ Language/ Area
 According to the 2010 census, Caloocan is the
country’s third most populated city with a population of
1,489,040. Languages spoken are mainly Tagalog.
 The total land area of Caloocan City is 55.8 square
kilometers. The land use is primarily in residential,
commercial establishments, facilities, parks, among
many other land uses.
Products and Services
Caloocan City’s 10th Avenue area is well-known for the
clusters of motorcycle dealers and motorcycle spare
parts dealers.
Business Opportunity
Caloocan is in need of urban redevelopment. There is a
need for modern commercial complexes, mass housing,
malls and tourist facilities.
Tourists Spots
Tala Leprosarium – The Leprosarium was built in 1940.
It is considered to be the oldest leprosarium in Asia.
Bonifacio Monument – This monument is the main
landmark of Caloocan situated at the intersection of
Rizal Avenue and EDSA. The monument was built in
honor of the Filipino Hero, Andres Bonifacio.
Gubat sa Ciudad Resort – The resort is ideal for retreats,
campings, birthdays, and company outings. It also
provides seven swimming pools with matching water
slides, hall pavilion, cottages, air-conditioned rooms,
basketball and volleyball courts, children’s playground,
Jacuzzi, and tree houses.
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Festivals and Celebrations
The City’s Foundation Day showcases annually the
festival of “Pamaypay ng Caloocan”, with the use of
“Pamaypay” or fan as it is showcased on techno-modern
Folk Street dancing competition
Las Piñas City
Las Piñas was regarded as one of the cleanest and
safest cities of Metro Manila.
History
 Its proclamation into a town varies depending to the
two historical records available. Cavada, a Spanish
historian and Fr. Juan Medina state that it was
proclaimed as a town year 1762, while Buzeta
recorded the event at 1797.
 It was said that Las Piñas was a “war theater” before.
During Philippine Revolution, the place was at Gen.
Emilio Aguinaldo’s forces. After years, it was again
occupied by the japanese during Second World Was
and followed by the liberation period when the
Filipino-American forces fought the Japanese Imperial
forces until the end of war.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Las Piñas City has a total population of 528,011 with a
growth rate of 1.54% yearly in 104,000 households.
The population growth is due to the migration of other
people from different regions outside of Metro Manila.
 The city occupies a total land area of 41.54 sq.
kilometers. Half of the land area is developed for
residential purposes and the remaining half portion of
the land is used for industrial and commercial which
comprised of about 36.47% of the total land area,
institutional with 37.68% of the land, and the rest for
recreational or park areas.
Products and Services
During Spanish times, it served as a small fishing port.
From that humble beginning, the place became known as
the major center for salt making. Until then, Las Piñas
boosted and became the place where the first “jeepney”
was built. They continued to do these as part of their
industry.
Business Opportunity
Las Pinas is primarily a city of residential subdivisions.
As the city becomes fully built-up, there is no way to
expand but upward. Thus, a lot of opportunities have
opened for building medium to high rise condominiums.
Tourist Spots
Bamboo Organ – the one-of-a-kind organ that can only
be found in St. Joseph Church of the Parish of Las Piñas.
This was built in 1822 upon the initiation of Fr. Diego
Cera. Annually, the Bamboo Organ Festival is being
held at the parish in the month of February.
Nature Church – this is built on a 4,000 square meter
mango orchard and a well-maintained park and garden.
 Makati City
 Makati is the financial center of the Philippines where
the Philippine Stock Exchange and the Makati Business
Club is situated.
 Notable for its multicultural lifestyle, Makati became
known not only in the country but also abroad. The city
is a home for many Makati hotels, shopping centers,
condominiums, financial and entertainment hubs – most
of them being owned, managed and frequently visited by
the successful foreign businessmen – which is the major
factor that made this city very prosperous.
History
 All starts from low but Makati didn’t just begin from
low; it really started as a swampland! Some said that
during the Spanish colonization, Juan Miguel de Legazpi
dismissed the place as “worthless”.
 The place, a farming community, was part of a wide
municipality of Santa Ana de Sapa (part of Manila
today). Then year 1600, the place developed as a center
for pilgrimage for the faithful devotees of the churches
of Our Lady of Guadalupe (now Our Lady of Grace) and
Saints Peter and Paul. The place became an independent
municipality by year 1670 and was named as San Pedro
de Macati in honor of Saint Peter its patron.
 As years passed, many investors came to the
municipality, putting businesses there that took the
attentions of foreign neighbors. February 28, 1914, the
Philippine Legislature passed Act 2390 thus shortening
its name from San Pedro de Macati to simply Makati.
 “From grass to class”, as what they call it, Makati City
proved it throughout the years by being a great
contributor to the development of the Philippine
economy.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Makati City has a population of almost 530,000 and
increasing. In fact it was the 16th largest city in the
country and was ranked as the 41st most densely
populated city in the world. However in daytime,
especially during the typical work days, the city
reaches million of population due to large number of
people working in the city. With a total land area of
27.36 square kilometers or 2,735 hectares it owns the
whole 4.3% of National Capital Region’s total land
area.
 The people speak Tagalog as their first language yet
there are still many who speaks English here. As part
of their multicultural lifestyle, it is never hard for any
foreigner to be a part of the conversation.
Products and Services
 Being a highly-urbanized city, Makati offers their
condo units, hotels, restaurants, entertainment houses
and malls. The cost of living here is significantly higher
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than the neighboring cities due to its commercial and
residential areas which are relatively high in value; but
there are still accommodations and services in the city
that are cheep enough for economically-minded
tourists. Some of those are the Makati Cinema Square,
The Landmark, Cash & Carry and the Guadalupe Mall.
 Aside from residential places and shopping centers in
the city, Makati also has universities,
telecommunications centers, hospitals and embassies.
Much of these are known for its quality service and
approved technical affluence.
Business Opportunity
There is a wide possibility for business in Makati. Call
centers, hotels, condo units, shopping centers and resto
bars are some of the businesses that are being flocked by
the customers. Since there is a growing number of
people visiting the place almost everyday, putting up a
business that could fit in the urban, is a good idea.
Tourist Spots
The place is a center not only for economy but also for
tourists attraction. From art museums and parks to
memorial center, the city is paved with awe-inspiring
tourist spots. These are always visited by the foreigners
and local travelers.
They also have festivals. To name a few:
Belen sa Makati – This is a celebration when all major
buildings are decorated by lights and locally made
lanterns. The schools and barangay center also make
their own version of crèche or nativity scene. This
celebration usually starts at December.
Caracol – This is celebrated every last Sunday of
January annually and an official festival of Makati, that
promotes and encourages the preservation of natural
resources. major participants, who are dressed in
flowers, animals, tress etc, are students from different
public school of the city.
Costumes, Trinkets and Xong Di – This is an exhibit
represented by the People’s Republic of China which
showcases similar costumes and trinkets of Philippine
ethnic tribes.
Flores de Mayo – This is considered to be the biggest
procession in Metro Manila in which 120 young ladies
represents 32 barangays of the municipality,
establishments, local and government offices and
corporations based in Makati City.
Likhang Kamay – This is an event where the artworks of
various artists and craftsmen are being displayed in an
exhibit. In this event, many prospective buyers and
investors are invited to promote the city’s growing
economy.
 Malabon City
Famous for its ancestral homes that could be compared to the old Spanish colonial mansions in Vigan, the City of
Malabon is one of the cities that make up the Metropolitan Manila. It is part of the sub-region Metro Manila called
CAMANAVA (Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas City and Valenzuela City).
History
 According to legend, Malabon got its name from the words “maraming labong” (plenty of bamboo shoots). This was
originally called as Tambobong and was founded by the Augustinian friars as a “Visita” of Tondo on May 21, 1599. It
remained under this administrative jurisdiction from 1627 to 1688.
 The place served as the literary center during the Spanish Colonization in 1896. In fact, “La Independencia”, a
revolutionary publication, was printed here.
 June 11, 1901, under the virtue of the Philippine Commission Act No. 137, Malabon was officially made a municipality
under the then newly-created province of Rizal. 70 years passed, Malabon became a part of Metropolitan Manila or the
National Capital Region. It became a city April 21, 2001 under Republic Act no. 9019 upon reaching its 407th years.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of May 01, 2010 the city had a total population of 363,681 living in the land area of 19.714 square kilometers. The city
is plainly a residential and industrial town. The people mainly speak Tagalog.
 The mode of transportation here, like the other cities in the Philippines, is jeepney, buses, tricycle and taxicabs. Bus and
jeepney rides here are not expensive. Taxis can go to any route and tricycles are used for short distance transportation.
However during rainy season, boats are used as the major type of transportation here thus making the traffic in the city,
gaining it a title as the local Venice of the country.
Products and Services
Their main product is the Pancit Malabon, said to be the one of the flavorful noodles in the Philippines. Some of its
unique ingredients are a mixture to the noodles of shrimp and shrimp juice, smoked fish, adobong pusit (squid) and
chicharon (pork rinds). Since the city is a fishing center for Manila, the city is became known for its “bagoong” (fish
paste) production.
Tourist Spots
Asilo de Huertanos – the place where the “La Independencia”, the organ of the Katipunan was printed. The place also
served as orphanage for those who were affected by the plague of 1882.
Malabon Zoo and Aquarium – The zoo houses various animals and vast array of tropical fishes which is open for public
tour. It allows tourists to actually touch and pet animals.
Pagoda-Caracol – This celebration commemorates the Feast of Our Lady Immaculate Concepcion every 8th of December,
an annual celebration of the Catholic and Aglipay churches. The fluvial procession starts in Malabon to Navotas Rivers,
coupled with colorful street dancing.
Rizal Shrine – The shrine is situated in E. Rodriguez Plaza, San Agustin community. This marker was built in honor of
the Philippine National Hero, Dr. Jose Rizal.
San Bartolome Church – This Church was built in 1614 by the Spaniards.
Mandaluyong City
Mandaluyong City is referred to as “Tiger City of the Philippines”, “Metro Manila’s Heart”, and the “Shopping Mall
Capital of the Philippines”. It is well developed that many of its infrastructures are owned and managed by the most
successful business men in the country.
History
 There are lots of sources of where this city got its name. Some claim that the place got its name from the Tagalog terms
“mga” which means many and “daluy” which means flowing in the reference to the tall grasses that grow in the land
many years ago. Another also claimed that it got its name from the incident when Acapulco, a navigator, saw that the
rolling hills were frequently lashed at by “daluyong” or big waves from the sea. Hence the residents gave an answer to
those who inquired about the name of the place as “madaluyong”. Later, the Spaniards affixed a consonant “n” to it thus
making it Mandaluyong.
 But prior to the Spanish conquest, Mandaluyong was already an organized place. It was part of what was once the
Kingdom of Sapa of the Great Madjapahit Empire or “Anka Widyaya” and was ruled by Prince Balagtas, around 1300.
More than a century later, about 1470, it expanded and was called the Kingdom of Namayan with Lakan Takhan as its
ruler. The kingdom was made up of what are now Pandacan, Malate, Quiapo, Sta. Mesa, San Miguel, Paco and Sta. Ana

7
 in Manila, and Mandaluyong, Makati, San Juan, Pasay, Taguig, Pateros, Parañaque and parts of Pasig and Quezon City
up to Diliman.
 Mandaluyong was first known as a barrio of Sta. Ana de Sapa which was part of the District of Paco, Province of
Tondo. It was then named as by the Spaniards as San Felipe Neri in honor of the Patron Saint of Rome. Year 1841, it
was separated from Sta. Ana de Sapa.
 When the Americans came, San Felipe Neri was consolidated with the municipality of San Juan del Monte. For several
months in 1904, San Felipe Neri became the capital of Rizal. After its separation from San Juan del Monte in year 1907,
San Felipe Neri became an independent municipality. It was then renamed as Municipality of Mandaluyong by virtue of
the House Bill No. 3836. It became a city year 1994.
 Today, Mandaluyong is a bustling city with vibrant economic activities and among many other city accomplishments.
Population/ Language/ Area
 According to 2010 census, the city had a population of 328,699 living in the total land area of 1,124.97, considered as
the 18th largest metropolitan city in the world. Much of the city’s land is being occupied by the residential areas of
Wack-Wack, Addition Hills, Plainview and Highway Hills. The land characteristic is partially flat on the southwest
portion with gentle slopes in the rest of the area.
 Even though the city has various ethnic origins, most of the people here speaks Tagalog. Some however speaks Bicol,
Bisaya, Ilonggo, and Ilocano languages.
Products and Services
Mandaluyong City is now commercially developed with a lot of central businesses such as banks, offices and service
establishments. Major commercial districts are Boni Avenue, Shaw Boulevard, Libertad-Sierra Madre, Kalentong, San
Franciso, part of Martinez, Sgt. Bumatay towards Barangka Drive and Pinatubo towards EDSA. In the eastern portion of
the city it also has the famous malls and establishments such as the Megamall, Shangri-La, Podium and San Miguel
Corporation. Almost all businesses and personal services stores dominates the whole roads in the city.
Business Opportunity
The city is rich for opportunities for business and investments. Banks, hotels, commercial centers almost make up the city.
Tourist Spots
Some of the attractions in the city are the Ortigas Center, one of the centers of business and commerce in the metropolis.
Part of the Ortigas Center are the main headquarters of Asian development bank, Banco De Oro, and the headquarters of
San Miguel Corporation, Southeast Asia’s largest food and beverage company. Also located here is the Unilab, one of the
most prominent pharmaceutical laboratories and factories.
Some of the hotels and business parks of the city are;
SM Megamall – is a large shopping mall located in the Ortigas Bisiness Centers of Metro Manila. It is one of the largest
SM Supermall developed and operated by SM Prime Holdings, the largest mall operator in the Philippines owned by
Henry Sy Sr. The mall has two buildings interconnected with a bridge. The mall occupies a land area of approximately 21
hectares and has a total floor area of an estimated 480,000 m², making it the largest shopping mall in the country as it
redeemed its title from the previous holder SM North EDSA. The mall has a maximum capacity of 4 million people. It is
as large as the Changi Airport Terminal 2 in Singapore.
Shangri-La Plaza Mall- is an upscale shopping mall situated in the Ortigas Center, a business/commercial district of
Mandaluyong City. It is surrounded by four streets in the commercial area, namely, Internal Avenue, St. Francis Avenue,
Shaw Boulevard and the major highway EDSA. Affectionately called “The Shang”, this seven-story structure is also
accessible through the Shaw Boulevard MRT Station in the fifth floor which connects it to the Manila Metro Rail Transit
System. It is also the only retail arm of Kuok Group of Companies, the owner of the worldwide chain of Shangri-La
Hotels and Resorts. The mall has several international stores such as Gucci, Calvin Klein, Burberry, Dolce and Gabbana,
Hugo Boss and Polo Ralph Lauren.
Forum Robinsons- is a specialty mall within Cybergate, a modern business and residential complex at the corner of EDSA
and Pioneer Street in Mandaluyong. The shopping center highlights information technology product categories such as
computers, cellphones and other mobile/wireless gadgets, digital cameras, and audio-video and computer gaming
equipment. Complementing this mix are four anchor stores, four cinemas and a wide array of satisfying shopping, dining,
amusement and service outlets.
St. Francis Square Mall- is one of the notable shopping center in the city, the mall is a modern low-rise building holding a
3,000 capacity auditorium and houses over 1,000 stalls and stores.
Aside from the malls and shopping centers, Mandaluyong also has tourist spots that reflects the history. To name a few:
Dambana ng mga Alaala (Memorial Monument) – a monument for the people who struggled for liberty and freedom
during the revolution period.
Don Bosco Technical College – used to be known as San Carlos Seminary. The Japanese made this as their headquarters
during the World War II.

8
 Manila City
Manila City serves as the capital city of the Philippines
and was nicknamed as “Pearl of the Orient”.
History
 Manila was known before as “Ginto” (gold) or
“Suvarnadvipa” by neighboring settlements and was
officially named as the Kingdom of Maynila or the
“Kota Seludong”, one of the three major city-states that
dominated the area by the lower reaches and mouth of
the Pasig River before the arrival of the
Spaniards.During the latter half of the Ming Dynasty,
the kingdom flourished as a result of direct trade
relations with China. Its rulers, who lived in the Ancient
Tondo which was considered as their traditional capital
of the empire, were sovereign kings and were addressed
as “panginoon” (lords); “anak banwa” (son of heaven);
or “lakandula” (lord of the palace).
 Before 15th century, the city was invaded by Sultan
Bolkiah of Brunei and was made an Islam community.
Some areas with alliance to China were attacked thus
making it as Bruneian satellite state. Because of these
and with the arrival of traders and proselytes from
Malaysia and Indonesia, the city became an Islam
community.
 Year 1571, Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi founded the Manila and was made as the
capital of the Philippine islands which Spain would
control for the next three centuries, from 1565 to 1898.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The total population of the city as of 2010 was
1,652,171. This total population lives in the total land
area of 38.55 km², making the Manila city as the most
densely populated city in the world.
 The vernacular language is Filipino, based mostly on
the Tagalog of surrounding areas. This Manila form of
speaking Tagalog has essentially become the “lingua
franca” or the language systematically used as way of
communication in the Philippines. It spread throughout
the archipelago through mass media and entertainment.
Meanwhile, English is the language most widely used
in education, business, and heavily in everyday usage
throughout the Metro Manila region and the Philippines
itself. A number of older residents can still speak basic
Spanish, which was a mandatory subject in the
curriculum of Philippine universities and colleges, and
many children of Japanese, Indian, Arab or other
migrants or expatriates also speak their parents’
languages at home, aside from English and/or Filipino
for everyday use. Minnan Chinese (known as Lannang-
oe) is spoken by the city’s Chinese-Filipino community.
Products and Services
Manila’s economy is diverse and multifaceted. With its
excellent protected harbor, Manila serves as the Chief
Seaport of the Country. Diverse manufacturers produce
industrial-related products such as chemicals, textiles,
9
clothing, and electronic goods. Food and beverages and
tobacco products also are produced. There are also local
entrepreneurs who continue to process primary
commodities for export including rope, plywood, refined
sugar, copra, and coconut oil. The food-processing
industry is one of the most stable major manufacturing
sectors in the city. Manila is also a major publishing
center in the Philippines.
Business Opportunity
 One of the largest projects within the city is the ₱5
billion developments by Ayala Land Inc., the Celadon
Residences. Binondo has begun to be revitalized along
with Divisoria, and several high-rise condominiums and
offices are rising.
 Recently, a 20-hectare development was planned by the
city government within the Port Area. A blueprint was
created for the development of the area while the city
government waits for President Aquino to authorize the
use of the idle land. An area within the North Harbor
was invested in by the San Miguel Corporation, which
plan to build a ₱20 billion development known as San
Miguel City. This would be a new business area located
within the Metropolis which then serves the shipping
requirements of the different divisions of the San
Miguel Corporation. Anchor Land Holdings, a real
estate developer, is spearheading the construction of
condominiums and commercial spaces in Manila with
most of their projects located within the city.
Tourist Spots
Tourism in Manila attracts over 1 million tourists each
year. Some of the always visited destinations are the
walled city of Intramuros, Manila Zoo, the City
Chinatown and the most recognizable icon in the
Philippines, the Rizal Park. The city is also famous for
its events such as the feast of Black Nazarene, free
performances of the celebrities in Rizal Park and other
events in the Cultural Center of the Philippines.
Other notable museums in the city are:
Bahay Tsinoy – one of Manila’s most prominent museums
documenting the Chinese lives and contributions in the
Philippine history.
Intramuros Light and Sound Museum – chronicles the
Filipinos desire for freedom during the revolution under
Rizal’s leadership and other revolutionary leaders.
Metropolitan Museum of Manila – exhibits the Filipino arts
and culture.
Museum of Manila – exhibits the city’s culture and history.
Museo Pambata – children’s museum
Museum of Philippine Political History – shows the notable
political events in the country
National Museum of the Philippines (includes the Museum of
the Filipino People) – exhibits life, culture and history of the
country
Parish of the Our Lady of the Abandoned and the San Agustin
Church Museum – houses religious artifacts
UST Museum of Arts and Sciences – a university museum
dedicated to contemporary arts and science and technology.
 Marikina City
Marikina is named as the Shoe Capital of the Philippines.
History
 The first recorded foreigners who arrived in the city were the
Augustinians, a Catholic religious order, in the year 1570.
They arrived in the spot now known as Chorillo, in Barangka.
The Jesuits came next and established as mission and built a
chapel in a place now called Jesus dela Peña. In that place, the
first mass was held in 1680. On April 16, 1630, Fray Pedro de
Arce, apostolic ruler of the Archbishop of Manila, approved
the transfer of ecclesiastical contraol and supervision to the
Jesuit, and settled a place as a town. The town was later called
as “Mariquina” in 1787, named after Felix Berenguer de
Marquina who was the governor-general at that time. Later the
town was declared a pueblo under the Spanish colonial
government. That year, Don Benito Mendoza became the first
Governadorcillo of Mariquina.
 Year 1887, Mariquina emerged as a town of shoemakers
through the efforts of Don Laureano “kapitan Moy” Guevarra.
He was said as the Father of Shoe Industry in the Philippines.
He was assisted in this effort by Tiburcio Eustaquio,
Ambrocio Sta. Ines and Gervacio Carlos.
 Mariquina became the capital of the Province of Manila
(which then included Rizal) in 1898, when the Philippine
Revolution broke out.
 On June 11, 1901, just after the Americans took possession of
the country, the name of the town “Mariquina” was changed
into Marikina. After creation of many provinces and towns,
Juan Chanyungso became the first Mayor in the year 1938.
 However, in the year 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces
occupied Marikina. And in 1945, the place was liberated by
the combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth ground
troops who attacked the Japanese Imperial Army by artillery
from Quezon City. There was lots of destruction during this
siege with a number of civilian casualties of 400.
 The work ethic of the people led them to continue their shoe
making industry after World War II. Through this, they were
prepared for the arrival of heavy industries and was finally
named as the “Shoe Capital of the Philippines”.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The natives of Marikina are referred as “Marikeños”. They are
remarked to be some of the most disciplined people in the
Philippines due to the influences, ethics and urbanity from the
past administrations. The language spoken in the city is
Tagalog. There is also a constant migration of Bicolanos,
Ilocanos, Cebuanos and other Visayan settlers in the city.
Korenas, Americans, Japanese and Indians are also some of
the foreign immigrants to the city.
 The 2010 census says that the total population of the city is
424,150. The city features a tropical monsoon climate. With
other places in the country, Marikina lies entirely within the
tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that the temperature
range is very small, rarely going lower than 18 °C (64 °F) and
going higher than 38 °C (100 °F). However, humidity levels
are usually very high which makes it feel much warmer. It has
a distinct, relatively short dry season from January through
10
May, and a relatively lengthy wet season from June up to
December.
Products and Services
Marikina is the biggest manufacturer of quality shoes in the
country. It produced 80% of the shoe production of the
Philippines. All locally produced shoes are made in Marikina,
from slippers to shoes. The city also produces shoes which are
made of rubber, wood (bakya), and plastic. Additionally, it has
a large number of internet shops, parlors, eateries, bakeries,
made-to-order products such as food processing and
delicacies, and franchising as their common income.
Business Opportunity
The city provides job fairs, livelihood projects, free training
and seminars for its people who want to start or upgrade their
business. The shoe and leather industry in the city generates
thousands of jobs within the city.
Tourist Spots
Marikina city has many festivals that are being celebrated
throughout the year. These include:
Sapatero Festival – a month long celebration that show cases
the city’s shoe making industry. It was recently changed into ”
Sapatos Festival” to promote the local shoes of the city.
Rehiyon-Rehiyon Parade and Festival – a festival of
spectacular dances featuring authentic costumes of various
cultural diversities. This event is usually celebrated every first
week of December.
Ka-Angkan Festival – held every April 16 at the Riverbanks
Center Amphitheater. Part of the festival is their week-long
food festival and a pageant.
They also have landmarks and attractions that are being
recognized now not only in the country but also abroad:
Marikina River Park – most awarded river which set as the
Hall of Fame awardee for the Cleanest Inland Body Water in
the Philippines. This is also a popular camping site, picnic
ground and a recreational park. At night this park transforms
into a modern nightlife event center where numerous bars,
restaurants and night clubs are being opened along the
riverbanks. The Roman Garden, Chinese Pagoda, Kawayanan,
Youth Camp, Animal Trail, Skating Rink and Women’s Camp
are also located here. The river park also serves as the
traditional venue of Marikina Christmas Festival which begins
annually as early as October.
Philippine Science Centrum – the country’s largest and well-
maintained science centrum and one of the most visited
amenities inside Riverbanks Center by the students from
different schools in Metro Manila.
World of Butterflies – hundreds of butterflies in different
variety, kind and sizes are housed here. There are also frogs,
caterpillars and all animals necessary for the food chain of the
butterflies are bred here. This place is considered as the
Philippines largest collection of different butterflies and other
species. Field trips and tourists are being attracted here
because of its natural ambiance.
Shoe Museum – houses about 800 pairs of shoes, slippers and
boots belonging to former First Lady Imelda Marcos.
Muntinlupa City
The tourism establishment nicknamed Muntinlupa as
“Emerald City of the Philippines”.
History
Muntinlupa is an old term which refers to a village now
known as the Poblacion. As early as 1800, a Catholic
priest named Father Joaquin de Zuniga chronicled the
place as La Poblacion que Sigue se Llama Muntinlupa.
Muntinlupa was under the religious supervision of the
Augustinians as early as 1601. The residents received
religious education under the convent of the Guadalupe
Sanctuary. In the year 1869, a project was made to form
towns out of the barrios of Muntinlupa which was also
approved by the Civil Government.
Year 1901, the place was one of the districts of Morong,
Rizal province. Two years after, it was included within
the boundary of the province of Laguna and was placed
under Biñan along with San Pedro. This was due to the
passing of Act 1008 of the Philippine Commission dated
November 25, 1903. This was, however, objected by the
people of Muntinlupa.
A petition was presented for the return of Muntinlupa to
Rizal Province and was heard and duly approved
through Act 1308 dated March 22, 1905. Muntinlupa
was then returned to Rizal and became, with Pateros, a
part of Taguig. It was eventually separated because of its
physical distance.
The residents later petitioned the government that the
Muntinlupa be an independent municipality. It was
granted under Executive Order 108 dated December 19,
1917. It took effect almost two weeks later.
After the World War II, the government began to
conduct infrastructure in the town. Municipal hall,
residential housing, factories and other business
establishments were constructed. The 4, 673 hectares
farmland of the municipality was also developed. Road
widening and development projects were also
undertaken.
When the 1986 Constitution was retified, Muntinlupa
together with Las Piñas formed one political district.
Muntinlupa was divided into two districts. The first
included Barangays Tunasan, Poblacion, Putatan and
Bayanan while the second was consisted by Barangays
Alabang, Cupang, Buli, Sucat and New Alabang.
11
March 1, 1994, the municipality signed with Gunma,
Japan establishing the Muntinlupa-Gunma Sisterhood
with the purpose of establishing bilateral relations
between the two municipalities.
February 16, 1995 Muntinlupa was converted into a
highly urbanized city through House Bill No. 14401.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Muntinlupa had a total population of
459,941, all living in a total land area of 18.03 sq miles
(46.7 km²). Almost all of these people speak Tagalog as
the primary language. Some however speak English as a
mode of communication in schools, offices and work.
The land is good for crops such as corns and other root
crops. This is due to its Guadalupe Clay Loam Series
type of soil. Much of its total land area is used for
residential purposes, followed by commercial, industrial,
institutional, and other utilities.
Muntinlupa lies within 14 degrees 23’longitude and 121
degrees 02’latitude and is located on the Southwestern
Coast of Laguna de Bay. It is bounded on the North by
Taguig, on the Northwest by Parañaque, on the West by
Las Piñas, on the Southwest by the Province of Cavite,
South by the Province of Laguna and on the East by
Laguna de Bay.
Muntinlupa lies within 14 degrees 23’ longitude and 121
degrees 02’ latitude and is located on the Southwestern
Coast of Laguna de Bay. It is bounded on the North by
Taguig, on the Northwest by Parañaque, on the West by
Las Piñas, on the Southwest by the Province of Cavite,
South by the Province of Laguna and on the East by
Laguna de Bay.
It is 22 kilometers South of Metro Manila, easily
accessible to all points of Metro Manila through the
National Highway and South Luzon Expressway.
Business Opportunity
Recently, the city was awarded as the “Most
Competitive City” and the “Most Improved City” in the
Philippines due to its 9,957 business establishments,
large scale commercial real estate development projects
like Filinvest Corporate City by the Filinvest
Development Corporation and Madrigal Business Park
by Ayala.
The city is now a “super city” because of its top premier
shopping centers, corporate office towers, famous
hospitals with well-equipped facilities and information-
Technology industries.
 Navotas City
Navotas is considered as the Fishing Capital of the Philippines and also a first class city in Metro Manila.
History
 The whole Navotas was once part of Malabon. According to a legend, there was once a long and narrow delta extended
unbroken from north to south along the seashore. The strip of land between the former district of Tondo and this town
was eaten away by the sea until as opening was made. Water started to flow through the opening. The change in the place
made the residents to refer to the place as “butas”, “nayon ng butas” or “nabutas”, Tagalog words that mean breached or
pierced through. In the next years, the place became known as “Nabotas”, then “Navotas”.
 The place was also known as hacienda de Navotas and was owned by the Dominican friars until it was sold to the
Pascual family during the early days of the American occupation and developed into a residential estate.
 Its locality was named as “San Jose de Navotas” after its patro saint “Saint Joseph”. On June 11, 1859, a “Superior
Decreto” established a new parish and municipality under the supervision of Friar Matias Navoa. The people was divided
into two groups: the naturales (locals) and the mestizos. The city has an incomplete and limited records regarding the
next history of this.
 In 1904, the town was merged with Malabon with Bernardo Dagala as the elected municipal president. Two years after,
Navotas became a separate and independent municipality with the enactment of Act No. 1442 which separated it from
Malabon. And on June 24, 2007, the municipality became a city after a plebiscite was conducted.
Population/ Language/ Area
According to 2010 census, Navotas City has a total population of 249,131 with a total land area of 4.158 sq miles (10.77
km²).
Products and Services
 Navotas is the major producer of fish in the market of Metro Manila. Almost 70% of the people here works in fishing
industry – fishermen, boatmen, fish trader, fishnet mender, and fish market seller. Navotas Fish Port Complex, which
serves as the landing ground for most commercial fishing boats in the country, unloads an average of 800 tons of fish.
Other provinces also bring an additional of 50 tons of fish by land. All these happen everyday.
 The city is also known for its patis (fish sauce) and bagoong (shrimp paste).
Business Opportunity
Navotas City lately became a Marine Industrial Estate. This allows local fishermen to make a living by their own catch in
public markets or to private companies that who also engage in seafood production and related business.
Tourist Spots
Navotas City takes pride of their Agora Market where the freshest and tastiest sea foods are sold.
Parañaque City
The Fashion Capital of the Philippines and The City of Lights
History
 Even before the Spaniards came, Parañaque already had an ongoing industry. Their nearness to the sea enabled them to
trade with other Asian traders such as the Japanese, Chinese, Indians, Indonesians and Malays. They used to trade salts,
fish, rice, shoes and slippers.
 Year 1572, Parañaque was officially founded by the Augustinian Missionaries. Fr. Diego de Espiñar, an Augustinian
Missionary who was appointed to be the local priest, established mission house there. May 11, 1580, a meeting was held
called as the Council of the Definitors was held that made Palanyag, as Parañaque was then known, to be an independent
town.
 The people showed loyalty to the Spanish colonizers and continued to be at their service whenever possible. That loyalty
was put into test when a Chinese pirate named Limahong came to invade the whole town. The Parañaqueños, heroically
helped to prevent this. The horrible battle led to the sacrifice of many lives thus calling it as “Red Sea Incident”. When
the forces of Captain Juan de Salcedo came, Limahong was finally driven back and the invasion of the town was
prevented. The people continued to be loyal to their oppressors, the Spaniards, when the British colonizers came and
tried to invade the town. However that loyalty changed especially upon the creation of Katipunan and the continued
participation of the locals there including prominent Parañaqueños such as Manuel Quiogue and secular priest Father
Pedro Dandan.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Parañaque is located at 121′ 01″ longitude and 14′ 30″ latitude and is bordered to the north by Pasay, to the northwest
by Taguig, to the southeast by Muntinlupa, to the southwest by Las Piñas and to the west by Manila Bay. Its land area
covers a total of 18.41 sq miles (47.69 km²) with a population of 588,126 according to the 2010 census.
 Like the rest of Metro Manila, Parañaque also experiences a tropical climate with only two distinct seasons: wet
(every July to September) and dry (every October to June). The city enjoys rainfall of 1.822 mm and an average
temperature of 34.4 degree Celsius.

12
  Parañaque is a home of warm, friendly, hospitable and devoted Filipinos. It also serves as the second home for various
foreign nationals who came to love and like the city and its people. People from different places of the country also
came to live in the city. Ten percent of the total population are pure Tagalog Paraqueños.
Products and Services
Parañaque is known for its dry and wet goods. They have dry goods market all over the northern part of the city. Much of
those were known for their “ready-to-wear” (RTW) clothes. The fishing industry still continues in the city, stationed at
Barangay La Huerta. There, marine products from all over the country are being shipped and can be purchased straight
from the boats.
Business Opportunity
Due to its proximity to the sea, Parañaque is one of the major trade and business centers in the Philippines.
Tourist Spots
Bird Sanctuary – this serves as the home of migratory birds from the neighboring Asian countries such as China and as far
as Siberia during winter season. You can see different kind of migrating birds here every August to March.
Tambo Mangroves Avian Reserve – this mangrove, located by the bay, is visited by hundreds of bird species from all over
the Asia-Pacific region seeking for sanctuary in this exclusive zone.
Redemptorist Church – one of the most visited church in Asia with the capacity seat of 3,000 and another 9,000 for
standing devotees.
Roligon Mega Cockpit – considered as the largest and most modern cockpit in Asia which is visited by not only locals
from all over the country but also by foreigners.
Pasay City
“The Travel City”
History
An explanation says that Pasay got its name from a princess named Dayang-dayang Pasay. She was a princess of the
Namayan Kingdom that existed around year 1175. She owned the lands now comprising the territories of Culi-culi, Pasay
and Baclaran.
In year 1727, the of the place was changed from Pasay to Pineda in honor of Don Cornelio Pineda, a Spanish horticulturist
who requested for guardias civiles for protection from bandits. The name was used as the name of the place until the early
20th century.
Population/ Language/ Area
The city, according to the 2010 census, has a total population of 392,869. Pasay City covers a total land area of 18.50
kilometers (7.14 sq mi), making it the third smallest political subdivision in the National Capital Region. The city can be
divided into three distinct areas:
(1) urban area of 5.505 square kilometers (2.125 sq mi);
(2) Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) complex, which include the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and
the Villamor Airbase, with an area of 9.5 square kilometers (3.7 sq mi);
(3) the reclaimed land from Manila Bay with as area of 4.00 square kilometers (1.54 sq mi). The barangays of the city
don’t have names but are designated with sequential numbers.
Tourist Spots
Coconut Palace – is the official residence and workplace of the Vice President of the Philippines. It was built in 1978 and
was made from several types of Philippine hardwood, coconut shells ans specially engineered coconut lumber apparently
known as Imelda Madera. The has an octagon shape with “salakot” (traditional Filipino hat) shaped on top. Inside, there
is a coconut-shell chandelier and a dining table made up of 40,000 tiny pieces of inlaid coconut shells.
Star City – a family-oriented amusement park with a total land area of 35,000 square meter. It has various attractions such
as Winter Funland, Dino Island which contains small museum with prehistoric artifacts, Star Theater, miniature train
rides, Snow World with freezing temperatures and slides, statutes, castles and igloos carved from ice. Star City also has
the Giant Wheel, the tallest Ferris wheel in the Philippines with 32 air-conditioned gondolas able to carry six passengers.

13
 Pasig City
History
 Even before the Spaniards came, there was already class of people living in Pasig. They were called Remontados who
used to live in the mountains.
 According to an American anthropologist named H. Otley Beyer, the first settlers in the city were groups of people of
varied cultures and racial types who came to the Philippines in migratory waves during the long period of 25,000 to
30,000 years ago.
 At about 1450 A.D. the Pasig was a peaceful kingdom and was being ruled by Dayang Kalangitan, wife of Gat Lontok. It
was also said that the people at that time were getting their foods at the river. There were also some who used to wash
their clothes there. Others used the river for taking a bath.
 Pasig was a part before of Rizal province and served as its capital. However in 1975, it was carved out of Rizal and
became part of Metro Manila when the Metro manila Commission was created by President Ferdinand Marcos through
Presidential Decree 824.
 Pasig continued to grow economically until it was converted into a highly urbanized city on January 21, 1995 through
Republic Act 7829.
Population/ Language/ Area
2010 census stated that the population of Pasig city reached up to 669,773. The approximate land area comprises 11.97 sq
miles (31 km²).
Business Opportunity
The western part of the city is where most of Pasig’s financial resources are primarily concentrated. It includes numerous
factories, warehouses, establishments and commercial facilities. Primarily they situated in the Ortigas Center, Pasig
proper and along E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue (C-5) and Ortigas Avenue. Real estate and commercial developments along
Mercedes Avenue and other areas near the city center are developing. The eastern part was mostly dominated with
residential areas but numerous commercial establishment are now developing along Marcos Highway. Per capita income
(GDP) of Pasig is $12,032 per year. The barangay of San Antonio has the largest income in Pasig, second only to San
Lorenzo of Makati as the largest single income-generated government unit in the Philippines. Arguably more significant
western part of Pasig, east of the city of Mandaluyong and as part of the barangay of San Antonio, lies the Ortigas Center
Tourist Spots
Pasig City Museum – a museum that shows the history, art, culture and tourism in the city.
Bitukang Manok – a serpentile like part of the Pasig River. Some of the history of the Philippine Revolution happened
here.
Bahay na Tisa – the oldest bahay na bato in existence in Pasig. Built by Don Cecilio Tech y Cabrera in the early 1850s.
Quezon City
Quezon City, also known as the “City of The Star”, was the former capital of the Philippines.
History
 Before Quezon City was created, it was composed of small individual towns. Then in the early 20th century, President
Manuel L. Quezon dreamed of a city that would replace Manila as the country’s capital city. It was believed that he got
this idea when he went to Mexico earlier.
 In year 1938, President Manuel L. Quezon decided to create a new city that will replace Manila as the capital city of the
Philippines. That was due to the fact that Manila was getting crowded and was an easy target for bombardment by naval
guns because it was near by the bay.
 Without thinking that there is still possibility of bombardment from the air, still Quezon continued the idea of a totally
new city at least 15 km away from Manila Bay, beyond the reach of naval guns. Quezon contacted William E. Parsons,
an American architect and planner, and helped on selecting the Diliman (Tuason) estate as the site for the new city.
Within that year Parsons died. His partner Harry Frost took over the assignment. Then the collaborated effort began
constructing plans for the next capital of the Philippines, Quezon City. The plan was then approved by the Philippine
authorities.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The city lies on the Guadalupe plateau which is a relatively high plateau on the northeast corner of the metropolis –
between the lowlands of Manila to the southwest and the Marikina River valley to the east. The southern portion is
drained by the very narrow San Juan River and its tributaries to Pasig River, while running in the northern portions of
the city is the equally narrow Tullahan River.
 Quezon City is bordered by Manila to the southwest, by Caloocan and Valenzuela City to the west and northwest. To
the south lies San Juan and Mandaluyong, while Marikina and Pasig borders Quezon City to the southeast. To the north
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 across Marilao River lies San Jose del Monte in the province of Bulacan and to the east lies Rodriguez and San Mateo,
both in the province of Rizal.
 The city can be divided into a number of areas. The southern portion of the city is divided into a number of places
including Diliman, Commonwealth, the Project areas, Cubao, Kamias, Kamuning, New Manila, San Francisco del
Monte, and Santa Mesa Heights. The northern half of the city is often called Novaliches and contains the areas of
Fairview and Lagro. Most of these areas have no defined boundaries and are primarily residential in nature.
 The city is the most populous city in the country with a total population of 2,761,720 as of 2010 living in the land area
of 64.17 sq miles (166.2 km²).
Products and Services
Quezon City is home to the Philippines’ major broadcasting networks. Television companies such as TV5, ABS-CBN,
GMA Network, INC TV, UNTV, Net 25, PTV, RPN, and IBC all have their headquarters in Quezon City.
Business Opportunity
 The commercial center of the city is in Cubao where many shopping malls and the Aurora Tower can be found. There is
a farmers’ plaza and farmers’ market. Fiesta Carnival was an enclosed amusement park cum carnival which is located in
the heart of the Cubao Commercial Center, it has since been replaced by a branch of Shopwise, a local supermarket
chain. You will also find the Araneta Coliseum, a venue for concerts as well as sports events.
 Tomas Morato and Timog Avenues are the heart of a restaurant and entertainment row with a wide array of prices,
cultures, and flavors while Banawe Avenue is dubbed as the Autoparts Capital of the Philippines because of the
concentration of car parts shops and accessories and home to clusters of authentic Chinese restaurants aside from
Binondo. The tallest building in the city is a 40 storey Eastwood Parkview located in Eastwood City.
Tourist Spots
Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife – this is an 80-hectare zoological and botanical garden housing different species of trees
and animals including snakes, deer, crocodiles, peacocks and a monkey-eating eagle. There is also a park that maintains
the rescued certain wildlife animals that have been abandoned, confiscated or donated.
UP Vargas Museum and Filipiniana Research Center – displayed inside the museum are the artworks of the famous
Filipino painters like Juan Luna, Felix Resurrection Hidalgo, Lorenzo Guerrero and Fernando Amorsolo, as well as
sculptors like Guillermo Tolentino and Graciano Nepomuceno. There are also a collection of artifacts dated between
1880s and 1960s. Its library contains more that 3,000 books, more that 1,000 volumes of periodicals and other important
documents about the Philippines.
San Juan City The territory of San Juan was once much larger than it is
History presently, stretching all the way to Caloocan City. Parts
Before the Spaniards came, San Juan was just a village of what are now Districts 1, 2 and 4 of Quezon City as
and was part of the Kingdom of Namayan and ruled by well as parts of Mandaluyong were originally within the
King Lacantagean and his wife Bouan. When the San Juan territorial boundaries. This explains why the
Spaniards took possession of the kingdom, they renamed San Juan Reservoir is in the nearby Horseshoe Village, a
it to Sta. Ana de Sapa, the village was still a part of it but subdivision under the jurisdiction of Quezon City.
became a small encomienda by 1590. Business Opportunity
The first battle of the Philippine Revolution that The famous Greenhills Shopping Center, a popular mall
achieved independence from Spain, began in San Juan in with tiangges (flea market stalls) where you can bargain
1898. for cheaper prices, is located in San Juan.
On June 16, 2007, voters in San Juan ratified the Tourist Spots
conversion of the municipality into a highly urbanised Located in the city are Xavier School, a prominent all-
city, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9388 (“An Act boys school in South East Asia; the Immaculate
Converting the Municipality of San Juan into a Highly Conception Academy-Greenhills, a Chinese school
Urbanized City to be known as the City of San Juan”). exclusively for girls; and De la Salle High School
Then congressman Ronaldo B. Zamora sponsored the Greenhills. The Asian Institute of Journalism and
Cityhood Bill at the House of Representatives and Communication and the Polytechnic University of the
worked for its approval. Philippines – San Juan are also located the city.
Population/ Language/ Area The city is also known for its festival called Basaan for
2010 census stated the city’s population as 121,430. their patron Saint John the Baptist which is being held
The geographical location of the city is bordered by every June 24th. In this festival, the people used to throw
Quezon City on the north and east, Mandaluyong City waters to anyone they meet including the vehicles of
on the south, and the City of Manila on the west. those passersby.

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Taguig City
“The Metro Manila’s ProbinSyudad”
History
 Before the Spanish colonization, Taguig was part of the Kingdom of Tondo ruled by Rajah Soliman. It was said that the
area’s population at that time was 800 consisting of the locals and various Chinese settlers. The town produced more
that enough rice for their consumption but had less sugar cane to mill. The men lived through fishing while women
wove cotton cloth and “sawali” from bamboo strips.
 Year 1571, Spain dominated the country. They Christianized the whole village and was recognized as part of the
encomienda of Tondo under Alcalde mayor, Captain Vergara. It was 1587 when Taguig was proclaimed as an
independent town under the province of Manila with 9 barrios. Captain Juan Basi served as its first Kapitan from 1587
to 1588.
 It was said that many of the people have resisted the rule of both Spaniards and American opperssion. Don Juan Basi,
the first Kapitan of Taguig attempted to overthrow the Spanish government but failed and was exiled for two years as a
punishment. When Katipunan started, many from Taguig became its followers and later joined the uprising. When
General Emilio Aguinaldo formed the revolutionary government, the people of Taguig joined it. When the Americans
came to possess the country, they again went and fought unitedly, though marked by struggles. It was one of the most
difficult days of Taguig, being forcefully owned and abused by its foreign oppressors but they continued until their
united efforts and sacrifices led to the freedom they long hoped for.
 It was until 1998 that a bill was passed in the Congress pushing for the cityhood of Taguig. A plebiscite was conducted,
however it showed that the people were against its cityhood. The a petition was sent to the Supreme Court, petitioning
for a recount. February 19, 2004 the Supreme Court ordered the Commission on Elections to conduct a recount. The
recount showed that the residents did want the municipality of Taguig to become a city with its count: 21,105 on “yes”
and 19,460 on “no”. Subsequently, Taguig became a city on December 8, 2004.
Population/ Language/ Area
Taguig has a total population of 613,343 according to August 2007 census with a growth rate of 3.82% from 200-2007.
Total land area is 47.88 km². The city lies on the western shore of Laguna de Bay and is bordered by Muninlupa City to
the south; Parañaque City to the southwest; and Pasay City to the North.
Products and Services
Some of the city’s products that they currently promoting to support their industry are:
Inutak – a delicious and creamy rice cake that melts in the mouth. Made from galapong, coconut milk and sugar. A great
partner for ice cream.
Business Opportunity
Taguig City, compared to any city in Metro Manila, has a lower tax rates enabling the any businessman to start a good
business in the city. Taguig is also a house of 16 universal and commercial banks, 10 rural banks, 1,126 manufacturing
firms, 243 restaurants, 13 registered batching plants, 2 shopping malls, 24 cottage industries and 7,776 registered
commercial and industrial establishments.
Tourist Spots
American Cemetery and Memorial – this cemetery which is dedicated to the American soldiers who fought and died
during the World War 2, was established in May 1947 at Fort Bonifacio. Due to its wide variety of trees and shrubbery,
this memorial ground is a favorite destination of tourists and war veterans.
Archdiocesan Shrine of St. Anne – one of the oldest churches in the Philippines built during the term of Fr. Diego
Alvarez.
Dambanang Kawayan – a century old church with altar, wall sidings and benches that are made from pure and native
bamboo
Valenzuela City
“The City of Discipline”
History
 Valenzuela was named after Pio Valenzuela, a Filipino physician who was among the leaders of the Katipunan and
served as the towns first presidente municipal who was appointed to serve as such.
 Prior to its present name, Valenzuela was first called as Polo (island). That was because the place was surrounded by
rivers from the north and Tullahan River on the south so early townsmen called the place Pulo which later evolved into
Polo due to hispanicization of the word.

16
  The town was occupied by not only Spaniards and Americans but also by the British armies during the Seven Year’s
War and by the Japanese during the Second World War. It was a terrible time for its people. One of the brutal incident
that its people faced was during December 10, 1944 when the Japanese massacred and tortured to death 100 males from
Polo and neighboring town Obando as they were suspected of rebellion. From 1:00am to the setting of the sun, the cries
of those who were suffering the brutal death were heard inside Polo’s municipal building. When the joined forces of
Filipino and American soldiers came, almost the whole town was burned when this forces used flamethrowers to burn
all the suspected places where the Japanese might occupy, not excluding the 300-year old San Diego de Alcala church.
 In 1960, President Diosdado Macapagal ordered the creation of the municipality of Valenzuela carved from few
territories of Polo and is independent from the provincial government of Bulacan. However in 1963, another law was
issued ordering the reversal of the previous edict and reunifying the towns of Polo and Valenzuela under the single
name of Valenzuela. In 1975, Valenzuela was named as an independent municipality from the government of Bulacan
and incorporated under the administration of Metropolitan Manila Authority. On 14 February 1998, President Fidel V.
Ramos signed Republic Act 8625, or the Valenzuela City Charter, which elevated the status of Valenzuela as a highly
urbanized, chartered city.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Valenzuela City has a total land mass of 44.59 square kilometer with almost 600,000 population (August 2010 census),
making it the 10th most populous city in the Philippines. Its population is composed of 72% Tagalog people and 5%
Bicolanos. There is a small percentage of foreign nationals who live in the city.
 The city is bordered by Meycauayan (Bulacan) in the north, Quezon City and northern Caloocan in the east, Obando
(Bulacan) in the west, Malabon. southern Caloocan and Tullahan River in the south.
 Its proximity to the equator tends to make its temperature to rise and fall into very small range: from as low as 20 °C
(68 °F) to as high as 35 °C (95 °F). The Köppen climate system classifies Valenzuela climate as tropical monsoon
(Am) due to its location and precipitation characteristics. This means that the city has two pronounced seasons: dry and
wet seasons. The city’s driest months are from November to April where the city receives less than 60 millimetres
(2.4 in) of rainfall. On the other hand, maximum rain period is from June to September where the city receives not
more than 600 millimetres (24 in) of rainfall. Hail and snow is not observed in the city.
Tourist Spots
Valenzuela City’s tourist attractions include:
Valenzuela Museum – one of the city’s main historical and cultural landmarks. The museum houses a vast collection of
artifacts and memorabilia that traces Valenzuela’s history and progress.
National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima – this shrine was recently declared by the Department of Tourism as a tourist site.
Now this shrine serves as the pilgrimage site of the Diocese of Malolos.
Region 1 (Ilocos Region)
Region 1, also known as the Ilocos Region, is located in the northwest of Luzon. It borders to the east the regions of the
Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley, and to the south of the Central Luzon. Located on its west is the
South China Sea.
The region is composed of four provinces, namely: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union and Pangasinan. Its regional center
is San Fernando City, La Union.
The cities that make up Ilocos Region are:
Batac City Alaminos City
Laoag City Dagupan City
Candon City San Carlos City
Vigan City Urdaneta City
San Fernando City
Batac City, Ilocos Norte
“Home of Great Leaders”
Batac City is named as such because it served as the hometown of the most significant leaders in the Philippines. Some of
them are the former President of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos; the founder of the Philippine Independent Church,
Gregorio Aglipay; and the “Father of the Philippine Army”, Gen. Artemio Ricarte.
History
 Batac, as a town, was founded by the Augustinians in 1587. It is actually the second oldest town established in the
province of Ilocos Norte. It actually reached its 4th centennial.
 Batac was officially organized into a ministry on January 5, 1586. The first priest assigned to cathecize the natives of
tile community was Fr. Esteban Marin, an Augustinian who probably arrived in Batac in 1585. Paoay and Dinglas
(Dingras) were then the visitas of Batac.

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  Folk history states that there were two villages in Batac during the early part of tile foundation of the town, one was an
Itneg community which occupied sitio Nangalisan and a Christian community occupying San Jose.
 The first site of tile poblacion was in San Jose, which is now called Barangay Palpalicong. It is said that the ethnic
minority groups of Bangui and Nueva Era are the pre-Spanish descendants of early inhabitants of Batac.
 The Augustinians considered the people of Batac more civilized than tile other tribes, because they were better than the
other “Indios” in personal cleanliness.
Population/ Language/ Area
With the total land area of 16, 101 hectares, Batac City lies in the southwestern portion of the Ilocos Norte province. The
municipality of San Nicolas is on its north while the municipality of Sarrat lies in the northeast. The municipality of
Marcos situated on the city’s east-northeast, the municipality of Banna on the east, municipality of Pinili on the southeast,
municipality of Currimao on the southwest, and the municipality of Paoay on the west are its boundaries. The city is about
472 kilometers north of Metro Manila, about 18 km. south of Laoag City, the capital of the province.
According to the 2010 population census, Batac City is being lived by a total of 53,542 people.
Products and Services
Main products of the city includes rice, tobacco, garlic, tomato and mango. The people are also raising cattle, poultry,
swine and other domestic animals. There are also some who weave clothes for apparel and blankets. Mat-making and
pottery are also a well-developed industries.
Tourist Spots
Marcos Museum and Mausoleum – this is where the glass-entombed, preserved corpse of the former President Ferdinand
E. Marcos is found. This museum also holds the memorabilla of the late President all from his service career.
Batac Riverside Empanadaan – show the most famous product of Batac and a hall,ark of tourism promotion. This is also
where the array of products, gift shops, food stalls offering mouth watering treats like empanada, miki, longganisa, pusit,
barbecue and others. Thisis also declared as a very good location to do business in the area.

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
History
 When the Spaniards came to the country, especially in the
town of Laoag, they observed that the inhabitants were
organized into communities. They were also surprised to see
that the total population of the whole area reached up to
6,000. This was the greatest number of inhabitants in a
“barangay” or “purok” in the whole country. The houses
were made up of bamboo and cogon.
 The Spanish colonization of the region, however, was never
completely successful. Owing to the abusive practices of
many Augustinian friars, a number of Ilocanos revolted
against their colonizers. Noteworthy of these were the
Dingras uprising (1589) and Pedro Almasan revolt (San
Nicolas, 1660). In 1762, Diego Silang led a series of battles
aimed at freeing the Ilocanos from the Spanish yoke. When
he died from an assassin’s bullet, his widow Gabriela
continued the cause. Unfortunately, she too was captured and
hanged.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Its ethnic population is overwhelmingly Ilocano. Unlike the
rest of the region, however, the Roman Catholic Church does
not predominate.
 The central part of the city is predominantly lowland with a
sloping terrain of five to ten feet above sea level. From the
northeastern part of the city going west to Dibua are virgin
hills diminishing in height from fifty two (52) feet to ten (10)
feet above sea level.
 The climate of Ilocos Norte, which includes Laoag City, is
generally classified as belonging to the first type of Philippine
climate. Characterized by two well-pronounced seasons; dry
and wet and is classified as mild and pleasant climate. Dry
season usually starts in November until April and wet during
the rest of the year. The city is shielded from northeast
monsoon and trade winds by the mountain ranges of
Cordillera and Sierra Madre but it is exposed to the southeast
monsoon and cyclone storms.
Laoag City has a total land area of 12,747.35 hectares or
127.4735 square kilometers distributed among residential,
commercial, industrial, agricultural, bodies of water, roads and
bridges, open spaces and other land uses of the 80 barangays.
Products and Services
An old Ilocano favorite is the “pinakbet” which literally means
to “wrinkle” the vegetables by overcooking it;
“Poki-poki” which is an eggplant omelet mixed with
tomatoes; “bagnet” which is a tasty version of lechon kawali;
“sinanlao” which is a watered down batchoy; “higado” which
is similar to but less spicy than bopis; “popotlo” a seaweed
salad found only in the region; crispy dinuguan, which is a
dry dinuguan mixed with bagnet and other vegetables.
Tourist Spots
Cape Bojeador Lighthouse – built in 1892, which is 45
kilometers north of Laoag City. This is currently used.
Ermita Hill – an overview of the whole city can be seen atop
this hill.
The Directors Quarters – situated in Badoc community where
it houses the memorabilia of the Luna family including the
paintings such as the replica of Spoliarium.
Malacañang of the North – the official residence of President
Marcos in Ilocos Norte. It overlooks the Paoay Lake. This
residence has now been turned as a museum.
Pagudpud Beach – this is a long stretch of shoreline and fine
sands.
Paoay Church – this church in included in the UNESCO’s
World Heritage List, being built in coral blocks and has a
unique architecture of Gothic, Baroque and Oriental.
Windmills of the Northwind Power Development Corporation
– these are like giant electric fans powered by winds from the
sea. This wind farm produces 25 megawatts, enough to supply
40% of the electricity needs of Ilocos Norte.

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 Candon City, Ilocos Sur
History
 According to the kept archives, the first settlers of Candon were the Malayans. These settlers were consisted of farmers,
fishermen, woodsmen and craftsmen. The village was ruled y three local chieftains: Abay-a, Madalang and Kalinio.
Madalang chose to shade of gargantuan tree as their house. This tree said to stood in the center of the said village and
under this large tree people converged to hold their meetings. The villagers named the tree as “Kandong”.
 When the Spanish colonizers came in the 16th century, the tree was cut down upon orders of the friars. Its lumbers were
used for the construction of the first Catholic church in the area. The Spaniards named the place as Candon from the
natives version of “Kandong” tree. The people were then easily converted to Catholicism.
 In 1780, the village was turned into a municipality. Under the Spanish rule, the village was quickly taken over by
wealthy Spaniards employing the natives in conditions of near slavery. Famine occurred in 1881 and 1882. Then on
March 25, 1898, a revolutionary government was declared and attacked the Spaniards. However, Spanish troops were
able to re-occupy Candon. Most of the leaders and participants of the uprising were arrested and then summarily
executed.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Candon City is in the lower central portion of the province of Ilocos Sur. It has a “C” shape with elevations ranging
from 10 to 500 feet above the sea level. The city is surrounded by the municipality of Santa Lucia int he south,
municipality of Salcedo int he southeast, municipalities of Galimuyod and San Emilio in the east, municipalities of
Santiago and Banayoyo in the north and the South China Sea in the west. The climate in the city is generally dry that
usually occurs from the months of October to May.
 The total land area of Candon City is 10,328 hectares with built-up area of 7,306.44 hectares. Land use is based on
Residential (both Urban and rural), commercial, institutional and parks, agricultural land, forest areas, and among
others. It has a total population of 10,257. The predominant language used by the residents is “Ilokano”, however most
people also uses Tagalog and English language.
Products and Services
 The City of Candon offers various agricultural crops such as cultivated acacia, mahogany and fruit tree plantations,
tobacco, rice, corn, cotton, string beans, onions, and coconut. There are also fish nurseries and commercial ponds in
Candon that includes aquatic products such as Bangus, Tilapia, milkfish, tilapia, paltat, tanguigue, tuna, swordfish and
others.
 Existing industries in Candon City are manufacturing, agro-industry and cottage industry. The manufacturing sector
owns the Tobacco Stalk Cement Bonded Board Plant that produces particle boards for low cost housing and other
construction needs. Other manufacturing establishments are based on calamay making, chichacorn, bakeshop/bakery,
and ice cream, and vinegar, furniture making shop, concrete products and Coconut Oil Processing Plant located at
Barangay Talogtog. On the other hand, the cottage industry includes “balut” or egg production, fish re-drying, salt
making, native delicacies, woodcrafts and handicrafts.
 Service establishments are also present in Candon, such as sari-sari and grocery stores, carinderias, nightclubs, barber
shops, beauty parlors, gasoline stations and stores/outlets for the following: auto parts, agricultural equipment and
supplies, school and office supplies, photo and supplies, appliances, pharmaceuticals, hardware and electrical. There
are also video centers, bazaars, gift shops, pawnshops and mineral/distilled drinking water store outlets, and real estate.
Business Opportunity
The Municipality of Candon has a geographical setting and proximity to the national highway and other towns that
encouraged greater mobility in terms of trade, economic, social and cultural activities. The Department of Trade and
Industry termed the City as the center for trade and commerce in Ilocos Sur.
Tourist Spot
1. Bantay Church – it is the oldest church which served as a watchtower for pirates back in the Spanish colonial era. They
gave its name – bantay (meaning to guard). Established in 1590, this establishment was the oldest church in the Ilocos
Region.

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Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
“Ciudad Fernandina de Vigan”
Vigan City is a World Heritage Site in that it is one of the few Hispanic towns left in the Philippines, and is well known
for its cobblestone streets, and a unique architecture that fuses Philippine and Oriental building designs and construction,
with colonial European architecture.
History
 Even before the Spaniards came, Vigan was already a trading port. Chinese traiders sailing from the South China Sea
usually came to Isla de Vigan (Island of Vigan) by the Mestizo River that surrounded the island. They used to trade
with the local settlers golds, beeswax, and other mountain products.
 Between 1645 to 1660, Vigan was divided into 21 “Cabezas de Barrio” (Town Mayors) as mentioned in the Libro de
Casamiento (Book of Marriage); from the records of the parish house of Vigan found in its Archives. Separated from
the indigenous population, the Chinese migrants were residents in a neighbourhood called El Pariancillo, los Sangleyes
del parian (The Sangleyes of the Parian); and the Spanish settlers were residents in a town called Los Españoles de la
Villa (The Town´ Spaniards).
 During the Philippine Revolution of 1896 to 1898, Philippine Revolutionary forces, supported by the Ilocano rebels,
attacked and defeated the Spanish Colonial forces and captured the city in the Siege of Vigan. Starting from the
Philippine-American War from 1899 to 1901, American Colonial troops occupied the city. Forces led by Col. James
Parker occupied the Cathedral.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Vigan City’s 2,511 hectares of land consists mostly of plains with gentle hills. Its boundaries on the north, east, south,
and west are the municipalities of Bantay, Santa, Caoayan, and Sta. Catalina, respectively. The South China Sea is on
its southwest portion.
 Majority of its land, 60 percent of it, is used for agriculture. Around 32 percent is made up of residential area, nearly
three percent are for commercial and industrial use, and around one percent is for institutional purposes. There are also
forest reserves and fishponds included in Vigan’s land area.
Products and Services
The city is the trading hub of the province but agriculture is still the mainstay of the local economy. Main farm products
include rice, tobacco, rootcrops, vegetables, livestock and poultry. Fishing is an important source of income especially in
the coastal area. Fishponds are also sources of fish supply for the city. Vigan is well-known for its jars called burnay. It
has a long tradition of making bricks called Damili. These materials were used to build the colonial houses and churches
not only in the city but also in the region. Another popular cottage industry is the Abel-weaving from which fine fabrics
are produced. Prominent personalities in the city and province are helping in the revival of this industry. With much help
from the government, tourism is now playing an increasing role in the economy of the city.
Business Opportunity
The city offers much potential to attract small, medium and large enterprises. The processing of agriproducts hold as
much promise as a viable enterprise in the city. Manufacturing construction materials can also be profitable consideraing
the central location of the city in the region. The establishment of world-class tourist facilities is very much encouraged.
Vigan hotels and accommodation are growing in the area to accommodate such tourist and visitors in the city.
Tourist Spots
Vigan City itself is already a tourist destination. You can see anywhere, the Spanish-time houses and streets. There are
also calesas (horse-drawn buggy) which offer you a ride anywhere in the city. Lots of stores selling souvenirs are also in
the street of the city.
Vigan Heritage Village – this place is known as Mestizo District, where the streets are lined with Spanish Era ancestral
houses (all with Spanish time tile roofs, massive hardwood flooring, balustrades and other in varying Spanish, Mexican,
and Chinese architectural styles). There are also cobble-stoned streets, which led to Vigan’s inscription in the list of
UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
Baluarte – a zoo located in Salindeng. There are variety of animals (including tigers and ostriches).
Plaza Salcedo – dedicated to the memory of the great conquistador Juan de Salcedo. This place is also the site of Gabriela
Silang’s public hanging in 1763.

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 San Fernando City, La Union
San Fernando City in Ka Union is a third-class component city in the Philippines. It is the capital city of La Union and the
regional center of the Ilocos Region. It also serves as the financial, industrial and political center of the province, as well
as the seat of national government agencies in Region I, engaged in agriculture, aquaculture, shipping using port of San
Fernando, and other industrial sectors.
History
 San Fernando was founded in 1786 (the “cabecera” or provincial capital-seat of La Union province in 1850). The
City’s origin, San Vicente de Balanac and San Guillermo de Dalangdang, the 2 settlements during Spanish times, were
attacked by pirates and headhunters.
 In 1759, Augustinian friar, Padre Jose Torres fused these 2 settlements to Pindangan (dry fish),. where a church with
San Guillermo the Hermit as the patron saint. This Church is now the Cathedral of St. William the Hermit. A massive
1860’s earthquake destroyed the church which was later rebuilt.San Fernando City
 In the 1896 revolt until in 1898, the Spanish garrison of San Fernando was attacked by Filipino insurgents under
Manuel Tinio y Bundoc and Mauro Ortiz whereby, the Spaniards were finally ousted.
 In the First World War, the last battle of San Fernando was fought during the Japanese occupation at Barangay Bacsil.
The Bacsil Ridge Monument was built on the site in the city (northwestern portion of the Town Plaza) The victory
ebabled the establishment of the United States Army Base, Base M at Poro Point (a build up area for the Japan
invasion). The town was liberated in 1945.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, the city’s population reached up to 114,963. The total land area of the city is 102.72 km2 (39.66 sq mi).
Tourist Spots
La Union Botanical Garden – the garden is situated on a hilly twenty-hectare land, eight kilometers east form the city
proper of San Fernando, La Union, with fully maintained concrete roads. The first of its kind in the Philippines, a
scientific garden and the center for laboratory research in Northern Luzon was inaugurated on March 2, 1996.
Alaminos City, Pangasinan
Alaminos City, referred to as the “Home of the 100 Islands” is located at Pangasinan. Even though a place with separated
islands, it is still a place of united people with the attitude of optimism and sense of adventure and a growing faith to the
Diety.
History
 Before 1747, Alaminos was still part of Bolinao, one of the nine towns of Zambales. After years of progress and
improvement it became an independent town. The town got its name year 1872 as part of honoring Lieutenant Governor
General Alaminos, the Governor General of the Philippines at that time.
 With the desire to be more progressive, a Republic Act 9025 known as “An Act Converting the Municipality of
Alaminos, Province of Pangasinan into a Competent City to be known as the City of Alaminos” was passed in the
congress. This act was signed March 5, 2001 and a plebiscite was held dated March 28, 2001 which was also positively
voted by 85% of the Alaminos. That united action alone brought the simple municipality to be a competitive
city.Traders, businessmen and investors soon flocked the city which became a great contribution to its continued growth
throughout the years.
Population/ Language/ Area
 According to the 2010 census, Alaminos has a population of 85, 025, living in 39 barangays. The land area is 16, 157
hectares. More parts of it is considered as forest land so expect that the embrace of nature will surely welcome you as
you visit Alaminos.
 The people greet every visitor with a warm welcome and a sweet smile. The people here speaks Ilocano and
Panggalatok. If you find yourself hard to speak their dialect or at least to understand them, don’t worry they can still talk
with you in Tagalog and in English. So its never a far-from-home experience when you are here. They are also rich in
cheerful native songs and wonderful literature.
Products and Services
With a total of 278 hectares of considered forest lands, it is no surprise that Alaminos is rich in agriculture products.
Corns, coconuts and rice are some of it. They also take pride of their bamboo and rattan craft industries. Also rich in sea
production, they also feel proud of their bangus where their very own grilled bangus belly is made from. Some of their
native delicacies are pancit miki, longanisa, patupat, suman and bagoong – all Alaminos version.
Tourist Spots
Hundred Islands is the main tourist attraction in Alaminos City. They offer diving to their blue-green waters that will give
you a glace at the underwater beauty of the islands. After diving, relaxing at the coves of the island will give you a great
urban retreat. Visitors can also feel marveled at the 10 caves of the Hundred Islands.
Aside from the Hundred Islands, Alaminos also offers other tourist spots that will surely give its visitors a paradise experience. To
name a few, they have this horseshoe-shaped with shallow water beach called Bolo Beach.

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Dagupan City, Pangasinan
History
 Dagupan was called before as Bacnotan. As early as 1583, Bacnotan was just a marshland covered with mangrove and
nipa palm trees. Natives used to live near the shoreline and riverbanks where they got their foods. These natives also
experienced attacks and visits from pirates of Japan and China and other traders.
 In 17th century and onwards developments in the place took place with the opening of the docking station in Pantal (or
what is now known as Pantalan Port) and eventually became a trading center. Bangus industry and fishponds also
flourished, and Spaniards built roads connecting to Pangasinan and the Cagayan Valley. In 1891, Manila – Dagupan
Railway was completed.
 However, on March 7, 1898, the Dagupeños unveiled a coordinated attack on Spanish forces which was known as the
the Battle of Dagupan that appears to have been planned months in advance. The revolutionary forces are armed only
with bolos and lances and they attacked the Spanish with an ingenious rolling trench made of several banana tree trunks,
wrapped in sheets of dried nipa palm leaves. The trenches were seven feet in diameter.
 On June 20, 1947 after the World War II, Dagupan became a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 170. It was signed into
law by President Manuel Roxas on October 15, 1947. Since this time, commercial establishments grew rapidly, more
roads were built, schools and public markets were constructed. On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.7 earthquake struck
northern Luzon. The worst hit cities were Cabanatuan, Baguio and Dagupan. A lot of public and private structures were
destroyed or damaged when river banks slid into the Pantal River and dry land into the swampy areas.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Dagupan City has a total population of 163,676. The average annual growth rate of the city is 0.69% and having a
population density of 2,931person/square kilometer.
 The digitized cadastral maps reveal that the sum of the lands within Dagupan’s boundaries is 4,446 hectares, bounded
by the Lingayen Gulf in the north, San Fabian in the northeast, Mangaldan in the east, Calasiao in the south and
Binmaley in the west. Land use is primarily for Agriculture with 35.98% of the total land area, fishpond, cropland,
residential with 22.88%; others are for commercial, industrial, institutional, government private, parks, and roads.
 The city is bounded by the Lingayen Gulf in the north, San Fabian in the northeast, Mangaldan in the east, Calasiao in
the south and Binmaley in the west.
Products and Services
 Dagupan City’s economic investment comes from cropland or agriculture production such as rice, and
livestock/Poultry of swine, cattle, carabao, and goat. Poultry population produces 15,000 heads. There is also the
Fishery and Aquatic Resources with the production of Bangus – 2,440 metric tons yearly, Tilapia and Sugpo (prawns).
 Dagupan City specializes in the production of sugarcane, corn, rice, copra, salt, and alcoholic liquor produced from the
nipa palm. The city is also famous for all sorts of Bangus specialty such as boneless marinated, boneless plain and
regular bangus. The City also sells bagoong alamang (composed of salted small shrimp), terong (composed of salted
bonnet mouth), Siganids (malaga) and Ipon (goby).
Tourist Spots
Remnants of Franklin Bridge – this bridge connects the Downtown area and Calmay and later on sank in Calmay River
with San Alberto Magno College during the biggest flood in 1935.
Dagupe Restaurant – this is the oldest establishment in the city located at Angel B. Fernandez Avenue.
Festivals and Celebrations
Bangus Festival – this is celebrated every month of April. This is the city’s way of featuring their bangus products with its
unique taste. During the festival there are dancers and performers parading the city streets, all wearing or handling a
bangus image with them.
Pigar-Pigar Festival – this festival promotes the city’s tasteful pigar-pigar made from local meat.
Miss Dagupan – This event promotes beauty and honor of the city
San Carlos City, Pangasinan
History
 Even before the Spaniards came to the country, Binalatongan (original name of San Carlos) was already having an
organized trading system with the neighboring countries like China, Japan and India. There was already a well
developed agricultural system in the place and the people were groomed by gold accessories. So when the Spaniards
came, they were surprised how well-developed Binalatongan and its people were.
 When the Spaniards came, Binalatongan underwent a development as these colonizers introduced European culture in
the place. From the time of its founding up to the middle of the 19th century Binalatongan composed a whole third of
the province and was recorded as a bastion of freedom fighters and uprising against the Spanish colonizers.
Heroism was exemplified by native born heroes like Don Andres Malong in 1660 and Juan de la Cruz Palaris a
hundred years later in 1762 who drove out the Spaniards from the province of Pangasinan albeit for two brief years.

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  Deeply embarrassed by these rebellions, King Carlos III of Spain ordered the Spanish rulers to raze the town of
Binalatongan to the ground and changed its name to San Carlos when they moved it to its present site.
 Binalatongan during the height of its popularity served the Dominican Fathers as the center of their annual provincial
chapter and because of this it was mistakenly referred to as the capital of Pangasinan. It had the largest church in
the province which was equipped with the biggest and most sonorous church bell in the country. The pride and joy of
Binalatongan belfry was irretrievably lost when the big raft carrying it to the new site staggered under its weight and
sank to the bottom of the San Juan River.
 San Carlos, considered since Hispanic times as biggest and most populous town of Pangasinan, became a city by virtue
of R.A. No. 4487 signed June 19, 1965 which was sponsored by Congressman Angel B. Fernandez . After
overwhelming ratification by the residents, San Carlos became a city in January 1, 1965.
Population/ Language/ Area
The city covers a total land area of 188,816 hectares based on the total assessment reported by the City Assessor in 2010
and is primarily an agricultural city. In 2007 it was reported that the total land area of 170,087 but thru re-tax mapping,
properties were identified and therefore there was an increase in land area. However, it is experiencing a shift in land use,
with agricultural use decreasing from 80% of the total land area in 1977 to only 75% in 1988. The decrease of 2,234
hectares of agricultural land is due to the 2006 land use plan which appropriates more space to the residential, commercial
and industrial sectors.
Products and Services
San Carlos City is among the liveliest places in the Province of Pangasinan in terms of economic activity. Called the
“Mango-Bamboo Capital of the Philippines”, San Carlos has the largest number of fruiting mango trees – their fruits are
among the most delicious in the country – and a flourishing bamboo craft industry. An agro-industrial city, San Carlos
also engages in livestock raising, crop production, inland fishing, pottery, food processing, tourism, and commerce. San
Carlos is said to have an ideal investment potential because of its large land area, big population and strategic location,
being in the center of Pangasinan. Farming, inland fishing, commerce and trade, small-scale manufacturing, handicraft,
pottery, fruit-raising, flour-making, and mango production are also some of the principal products of San Carlos.
Tourist Spots
Interesting spots of the city are such as the 424-year old St. Dominic Church, the Speaker Eugenio Perez Memorial Park,
the City Plaza, the Quadricentennial Arch in Bolingit; the Binalatongan Ruins in San Juan, the Philippine Fruit
Corporation at Barangay Pagal and the Shopping Malls and Supermarkets and business establishments, with its “Las
Bellas Carlenians.”
Festivals and Celebrations
Mango and Bamboo Festival – A festival promoting San Carlos City as major trading center of bamboo based
products/furniture and best producer of “carabao” mangoes and other mango variety in the country.

Urdaneta City, Pangasinan

History
 Urdaneta CityIt was on January 8, 1858 that the Urdaneta was organized into a pueblo. The first “cura parroco” was
Niclolas Alonzo Manrique. He named the new town as Urdaneta, in honor of another friar Fr. Andres de Urdaneta, the
spiritual adviser of the expedition led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi which arrived in Cebu to explore the country on April
27, 1565.
 Historical records show the first inhabitants, mostly Ilocano migrants, established contiguous settlements occupying
portions of the barrios of the surrounding towns of Asingan, Villasis, Malasiqui, Sta. Barbara, Mangaldan, Manaoag, and
Binalonan. The settlers banded together and petitioned the Spanish Government to allow them to form a separate pueblo
for greater ties and stronger unity. Their petition was granted and Urdaneta was formally founded on January 8, 1858. On
January 10, 1998, the Philippine Congress enacted R.A. 8480 converting the Municipality of Urdaneta into a component
city of the Province of Pangasinan. The people of Urdaneta, in a plebiscite, overwhelmingly ratified this legislative act
and Urdaneta was proclaimed a city on March 21, 1998.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Urdaneta City has a total land area of 100.26 km2 (38.71 sq mi). Due to its location, the city is experiences two
pronounced seasons: dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. Maximum rainfall is observed in
August. Average monthly temperature is 27.91ºC with the highest occurring in May and the lowest in January.
 According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 125,451 people, with a land area of 12,100 hectares. Gateway to
Northern Philippines, the City’s strategic location is on the central part of eastern Pangasinan.
Products and Services
Prominent industries are bagoong making, handicrafts and gifts, toys and houseware making.

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 Business Opportunity
Businesses to be established should take advantage of the city’s location and agricultural economy. Being the trading
center of agricultural products, a modern cold storage complex should be put up. Agro-industrial plants such as meat
processing, corn milling and processing, fruit processing, feed milling and fertilizer production, and manufacture of farm
implements are some of the businesses sectors that might be a good source of income in the city.

Region 2 (Cagayan Valley)

Cagayan Valley Region
The Cagayan Valley is the largest region in the Philippines with regards to the land area. It is composed of five provinces:
Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. Most of the region lies in a large valley in northeastern Luzon,
between the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre mountain ranges. The Cagayan River, the country’s longest, runs through its
center and flows out to Luzon Strait in the north, in the town of Aparri, Cagayan. The Babuyan and Batanes island groups
that lie in the Luzon Strait belong to the region.
Here are the cities in Cagayan Valley region (Region 2): 1. Tuguegarao City 2. Cauayan City 3. Ilagan City 4. Santiago City
Tuguegarao City, Cagayan
The Country’s Premier
Tuguegarao City is a Center of Excellence in Education, Commerce, Trade and Culture and as the Economic Center of
Region 02,
Tuguegarao City continuously aims for outstanding performance and competence in administration, citizen participation,
community and economic development, cultural arts, education, fiscal management, infrastructure, intergovernmental
cooperation, planning, public safety, recreation and leisure services, social services, and technology.
History
 Tuguegarao was founded as a mission center by Dominican Fr. Jacinto Pardo on May 9, 1604
 It was made the capital of the province in 1841.
 On December 12, 1899, U.S. troops under Bachelor entered the town and Col. Hood was appointed military governor.
 On December 12, 1941, during World War II, Tuguegarao was occupied by the Japanese.
 U.S. Air Force planes began bombing it in December 1944, reducing it to complete rubble.
 It was officially liberated on June 25, 1945.
 On December 18, 1999 Tuguegarao was made into a component city by virtue of Republic Act No. 8255.
 The city’s name was derived from either of the following: garao (“swift river current”), taraw (a specie of palm tree)
and tuggui gari yao (“this was cleared by fire”). The last is the plausible of the three. A kaingin may have been pointed
to by the natives to the first Spanish arrivals.
Population/ Language/ Area
Tuguegarao City is the main entry to the Province of Cagayan. It has a total area of 144.80 km2 and lies in the south
central tip of the province. It is approximately 483 kilometers north of Manila, about 65 minutes by air travel and about 10
hours by land, through the Philippine-Japan Friendship Highway, also known as the Maharlika Highway, which is the
region’s trunk line road and which runs parallel to the Cagayan River. Tuguegarao City is bounded by Iguig, Cagayan on
the north; by Peñablanca, Cagayan on the east; by the Province of Isabela on the south; and by the Cagayan River on the
southwest and west. Across the river, the towns of Enrile and Solana are located to the southwest and west, respectively of
Tuguegarao City. Using the Saint Peter’s Cathedral Tower as landmark, the city’s geographical coordinates are
121043’46” longitude and 17036’54” latitude. It’s plain coordinates are 20,011.95 north and 20,106.67 east.
Products and Services
Main farm products are rice, rootcrops, vegetables, poultry, and hogs. There are some fishponds within city limits and the
Cagayan River provides some of the fish supplies of the residents. Like many other small cities in the Philippines,
industries consist mostly of furniture and automotive shops, hollowblock making, bakeries, rice mills, dressmaking, and
food processing.
Business Opportunity
 Within the past three decades, its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to secondary/tertiary economic activities
such as trading, commerce and services. The shift was ushered by Tuguegarao’s role as the Regional Government
Center and Center of Commerce in Northern Luzon.
 Given its role as the seat of the provincial and regional government, the city serves as commercial and institutional hub.
Thus, trade and service establishments together with industrial and tourism-related activities mushroom in the area. On
the average, about 142 additional business establishments are registered every year reflecting an average increase of
7.83%. Thus, as of 2006, there were 5,709 registered business establishments for which more than half are located in the
Poblacion and less than one-third (1/3) are in the urban barangays. Of the 5,709 registered establishments, 53.48% or

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 3,053 are wholesale and retail trade establishments. Financing, insurance and real estate firms contributed 488 or 8.54%,
and the remaining 2,168 or 37.98% consist of service enterprises and social amenities to include business, recreational,
personal, utility and other services. At present, there are 31 banks operating in the city.
 As the Economic Center of Region 02, banking, educational and commercial entities proliferate in the city.
 The city is an ideal location for regional or provincial branches of big companies. Farm-related businesses especially
feed milling and food processing has great potential for growth. The art of making noodles should be modernized to
produce in commercial quantities the distinctive PANCIT BATIL BATUNG brand especially made in Tuguegarao and
develop it for the export market. As the trading hub of the province, it would do well to invest in the real estate potential
of the city especially in the new development site in the western part of the city. Finally, the presence of many
intitutions of higher learning makes it imperative to jumpstart the technological ascendance of this northern city by
investing in business process outsourcing and other technology related ventures.
Tourist Spots
 Buntun Bridge – this is 2.50 kilometers from Tuguegarao City propoer. It is the longest river bridge in the country at
1.124 kilometers and affers an unobstructed view of the Cagayan River.
 Cagayan provincial Museum and Historical Research Center – is for the cultural-oriented. Located at the provincial
capitol complex, it was conceived by the Provincial Board in 1971 and became operational on its inauguration on
August 15, 1973 during the traditional Aggao na Cagayan. It is a general museum and houses an extensive collection of
artifacts, antiques, ethnographics, trade wares, heirloom pieces and liturgical works of the province and fossils of
animals that once roomed the valley. The museum houses extensive data on the discovery of Callao man by the national
Museum. The center is only five kilometers from Tuguegarao.
Cauayan City
History
 Vague and little information gathered from living descendants of the early inhabitants tell that few families lived in the
place and three of the early natives were Enrique Baligod, Sebastian Canciller and Salvador Macaballug. Enrique
Baligod was the head of the group of the early settlers. He was succeeded by Sebastian Canciller who served for two
terms as “Gobernadorcillo.”
 In 1866, a friar by the name of the Father Paulino became the curate of the town. He put up “quita” or chapel, preached
God’s words and baptized the people. He put semblance of government by appointing Fructuoso Gannaban as
Gobernadorcillo. Sparse settlements are found along the CagayanRiver and these barrios were Turayong, Labinab,
Duminit, Baringin and Culalabat, believed to be the first barrios of Cauayan. Father Miguel Bonnet replaced Fr.
Paulino who left for Manila. He proved to be a good missionary of God and leader. It was during his leadership that a
big adobe and stone church was constructed. As the years passed, the town became well-known for its tobacco
industry luring other inhabitants from as far as Ilocos and Pangasinan to work on vast tobacco farmlands of the
Tabacalera’s Hacienda de San Luis.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The city has recorded a total population of 125,148 as of 2010. Its total land area is 336.40 km2 (129.88 sq mi) divided
among its 65 component barangays.
 Cauayan City is about 375 kilometers northeast of Manila; 34.5 km. south of Ilagan, the capital town of Isabela; about
48 km. North of Santiago City; and roughly 117 km. away from Tuguegarao City in Cagayan province.
 Gaddang is the native language spoken by majorityof the original settlers, especially in some part of the city’s forest,
eastern and western regions. Ilocano dialect with a mixture of Tagalog, Ybanag and English are being spoken in the
poblacion areas. English and Tagalog are the languages used in schools and business offices.
Products and Services
Cauayan is classified as a 1st class city as of 2010. It is the location of 29 banks, 21 lending institutions, 44 insurance
agencies, 89 real estate businesses and 35 pawnshops. There are over 4,442 commercial establishments that include
distributors, wholesalers and retailers. Cosmos Bottling Corporation, now acquired by the giant multinational business
conglomerate San Miguel Corporation manufactures soft drinks in the area while the Mega Asia Bottling Corp. will soon
inaugurate its newly built plant giving a greater niche for the RC Cola brand. It is also here where the regional sales
offices of several multi-national companies are located.
Business Opportunity
The city has enormous potential for small to large enterprises. With roads leading to all the towns of the province, it is a good location
for a regional or provincial headquarter. As a young city, its real estate industry is just beginning. Medium size commercial centers or
subdivisions are the appropriate ventures to put up. There is a need to establish a world-class resort and golf course to attract high-
flying investors and the moneyed people of Cagayan Valley. Courageous entreprenuers may explore the posibility of technology-
related businesses.

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Ilagan City, Isabela
“Corn Capital of the Philippines”
The City of Ilagan is a component city in the province of Isabela, Philippines. It is also the capital, the largest city in the
province and the fourth largest city in terms of land area in the Philippines after Davao City, Puerto Princesa and
Zamboanga City.
History
 Ilagan was an organized town even before the Spaniards came. The settlers used to call the place as “Bolo”. It is
actually one of the most populous settlements during that period and site of the vast tobacco plantation in the region
making it one of the most important economic areas in northern Luzon.
 In May 4, 1686, Ilagan was founded and missionaries converted the natives to Christianity. Ilagan was then made the
Capital of Cagayan Valley.
Population/ Language/ Area
The city’s total land area is 1,166.26 km2 (450.30 sq mi), which is being inhabited by 152,496 as of 2011.The rapid
increase of population in Ilagan is attributed to the current growth in economic activities especially in the sectors of
Commerce, Industry, Agriculture and Housing. Ilagan belongs to the 147 emerging cities in the Philippines with more
than 100.000 residents). Statistics from the National Statistics Office showed that Ilagan has a total population of 79, 336
in 1990 and 99, 120 in 1995 with an annual growth rate of 2.5%. At present, the total population of Ilagan is 152,496.
Using the projected annual growth rate of 2.5%, the population is expected to be 121.097 in 1999, 126,606 in 2001 and
131,243 in 2007.People who wish to make Ilagan their home could choose from a number of premium subdivisions that
best suit their lifestyle.
Products and Services
Most of the industries in the town are agri-based. For the past ten years, there have been a great number of local
investments in poultry and hog raising. At present, there are seven poultry contract growers and 33 small and medium
scale hog raisers in the cityIlagan. Other support facilities, warehouses and small rice mills, strategically located in
different barangays of Ilagan address the storage needs of farmers during the harvest season.
Tourist Attractions
Aguinaldo Shrine – Philippines Revolution was written when the American forces led by Gen. Frederick Funston finally
captured Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in the area on March 23, 1901.
Camp Samal – it is a historic Camp Samal a site of the National Jamboree in 1977. It has a lot area of 23.50 hectares,
elevated mass of rolling hills 500 feet above sea level and it overlooks the mighty Cagayan River, the Pinacanauan River,
the municipality of Delfin Albano, the town of Tumauini itself, and the Sierra Mountain ranges.
Dibulo Falls – it is located in Sierra madre mountain rage and it is known to be the notable spot in Isabela. It is one of the
best attractions of Sierra Madre Nature Park.
Magat Dam – The first multi-purpose dam in Southeast Asia. It is located in the largest tributary of Cagayan River, the
boundary of Ifugao and Isabela. A nearby destination is Camp Vizcarra.
Santiago City, Isabela
History
 Santiago was originally a part of the province Cagayan (comprising the whole Cagayan Valley region), which was
reorganized as a political subdivision in 1583 with Nueva Segovia as its capital. It was named after its patron saint St.
James the Apostle. On May 1, 1856, when the Province of Isabela was carved out by a Royal Decree, Santiago was
among the towns relinquished to the newly created province. The first five barrios after the Cadastral survey in 1927
were Patul, Batal, Nabbuan, Buenavista and Dubinan.
 It was said that there were only about three Filipino-owned sari-sari stores in Santiago in 1917. The settlers acquired
most of their merchandise and other provisions from Chinese traders in Echague, the landing zone for products intended
for Santiago and other towns, owing to its proximity to the Cagayan River.
 Santiago continued to progress until it was converted into an independent component city.
Population/ Language/ Area
The total land area of Santiago City is 275.00 km2 (106.18 sq mi). The total land area the city is 80% flat or nearly level
land in the portions of northwestern, eastern and western parts of the city. While adjacent areas have gently undulating
and moderately rolling areas, and the remaining areas constitutes steeply undulating and rolling lands. The Balintocatoc
Hills is the highest point in the city. As of 2010, the population recorded was 132,804.
Products and Services
 Some of the biggest companies that can be found in the city are Vista Land-Camella Isabela, ABS-CBN, GMA7, San
Miguel Corp., Pepsi Cola, Purefoods, Digitel and PLDT. The National Food Authority also maintains its presence in the
city, competing with local traders as a strategy to stabilize prices. Different Car companies like Mitsubishi, Toyota,
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 Nissan, Isuzu, Hyundai, General Motors, other car companies as well as Yamaha and Honda Motors maintain their
presence in the city. Kia Motors and Ford Mazda are set to open their branches in this city soon.
 Santiago also houses some of the biggest and highly equipped hospitals in the region.
 Agriculture however is still the main source of livelihood. The main crops are palay, corn, high value fruits and
vegetables. The city is where imposing grain stations can be found, buying agricultural crops coming from Ifugao,
Kalinga, Quirino, Nueva Viscaya, and parts of Isabela. These crops are later transported either to Nueva Ecija,
Bulacan, Pangasinan or Batangas. In addition to the city’s new product is Muscovado sugar. The city aims not only to
sell this product locally but also to export the same. Rice mills are also present.
Tourist Spots
 Sunshine Wave Resort and Garden Venue
 Spring Garden Resort and Hotel
 San Andres Country Farm
Region 3 (Central Luzon)
Central Luzon or known as Region 3, was created to organize the 7 provinces of the vast central plain of the island of
Luzon (the largest island), for administrative convinience. The region contains the largest in the country and produces
most of the country’s rice supply, earning itself the nickname “Rice Granary of the Philippines”. Its provinces are Aurora,
Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, and Zambales.
The cities that make up and contribute to Central Luzon’s economy are:
1. Balanga City 8. Palayan City
2. Malolos City 9. Angeles City
3. Meycauayan City 10. Mabalacat City
4. San Jose del Monte City 11. San Fernando City
5. Cabanatuan City 12. Tarlac City
6. Gapan City 13. Olongapo City
7. Muñoz City 14. San Jose City
Balanga City, Bataan
History
 Balanga City Philippines Balanga, the capital of Bataan, was formerly a visita of Abucay before it was established as a
mission of the Dominican Order in the Provincial Chapter of April 21, 1714 and later declared a vicariate on April 18,
1739, under the patronage of Saint Joseph. Upon the establishment of Bataan as a separate province in 1754, Balanga
was made its capital by General Pedro Manuel Arandia due to its favorable location, at the heart of the new territorial
jurisdiction.
 On December 30, 2000, Balanga was inaugurated as City by the Republic Act 8984.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Balanga City is a first class and the capital city in the province of Bataan. According to the 2010 census, it has a
population of 91,059 people in 14,065 households. The people are called as Balangueños.
 Total land area, which is primarily a residential-agricultural city, is 111.63 km2 (43.10 sq mi).
Products and Services
Agriculture is the main industry in the city. Next is fishing that provides a steady source of income to those who are living
in barrios near the sea. There are, however, other business establishments who set up their business here thus making
Balanga a booming city when it comes to trade and industry.
Tourist Spots
 Balanga Wetland Park – where migratory birds usually go. Last January 2013, the department of Environment and
Natural Resources recorded 25,935 migratory birds in Tortugas, Lote Itaas, Lote Ibaba and Sibacan/Tuyo, Balanga.
These birds include little, intermediate and large egrets; the black-winged stilt; the whiskered tern; the great crested tern;
gray plover; shank; heron and six great crested tern.
 Bataan World War II Museum – show cases the memorabilia of the World War II in the country, including the historical
Death March history and the names of the people who were forced to join it.

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Malolos City, Bulacan
“The Cradle of the Philippine Republic”
Malolos City is a first class urban component city in the Philippines. It is considered as the 115th city in the country. It is
also the capital city of the province of Bulacan.
History
 Malolos City Bulacanhe name of Malolos was presumably derived from the Tagalog word “Paluslos”, meaning”
downwards”. The name resulted from a misunderstanding among the first Spanish missionaries who reached the place.
Searching for inhabited places along the Calumpit River, these priests came upon some natives of a riverside barrio
(now Kanalate). They asked for the name of the place. The natives, not knowing the Spanish tongue, answered that the
flow of the river in that part was downstream -“paluslos”-, which the Spaniards pronounced “Malolos”. Corruption of
the word through the years led to present “Malolos”.
 The town originated from a small settlement started by the Spanish missionaries. Later, after clearing forests and virgin
lands, the settlement grew, and the population increased. After the construction of a big church, the place was made
into a town. From the very beginning, Tagalog made up the majority of the Malolos populace. They were led by
prominent families, among them the Gatsalians (Gatchalian), and the Manahans.
 To cite all the historical events that transpired in Malolos, one could very well fill a good-sized book. The major events
especially those that revolved around the first Republic, cannot be left unmentioned.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The majority of the Maloleños (or Malolenyo in Filipino) traces their roots to Tagalog ethnicity although there are also
Kapampangan, Ilongo, Muslims, and other ethnicities who migrated to the city. The vernacular language is Filipino, in
the form of Tagalog, while Philippine English is the language most widely used in education and business throughout
the city. Although Malolos is the city where the Filipinos established the Spanish as their only official language in the
first constitution, the native speakers of Spanish still alive are reduced to the very old members of a handful of
families.
 The city has a total population of 234,945 (2010 census), all living in a total land area of 77.25 km2 (29.83 sq mi).
Products and Services
 Pabalat or pastillas wrapper making, an intricate art of paper cutting that turns ordinary pieces of Japanese paper into
lace-like creations was once a prized skill amongst the old families of the province. It is a vanishing tradition in the
province of Bulacan where it originated. Families proudly displayed tall dishes of this sweet treat for the benefit of
visitors. With their fancy tails hanging down from the dish’s rim and the light shining through the delicate paper, the
wrapped candies looked like expensive handmade lace decorations, and were a welcome addition to the family’s dining
tables.
 Sweetened Lime skin or Minatamis na Balat ng Dayap in Filipino, one of the most popular old food art originated in
Malolos.
 Inipit and Ensaymada, pastries that originated in Malolos popular not only in Luzon but in other parts of the country as
well.
Business Opportunity
The City of Malolos is rapidly becoming industrialized due to its proximity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up
industrial plants and sites, and commercial and banking establishments in key places of the city. Malolos also serves as the
Banking Capital of Bulacan, in prominent areas of the city particularly in Paseo del Congreso Avenue, the city houses a
total of 41 banks.
Tourist Spots
 Instituto Mujeres – located in Sto Nino street adjacent to Calle Pariancillo, is the site where Rizal addressed his famous letter to
the 21 women of Malolos who petitioned Governor General Valeriano Weyler for a night school for women on December 12,
1888.
 The Kalayaan Tree – a hundred-year-old Siar tree. During the First Philippine Republic. President Aguinaldo and other of his
Officials, holds some important meetings under this tree located in front of the Malolos Cathedral. Kalayaan is the Filipino word
for freedom.kalayaan freedom tree - Malolos City
 Lino and Maria Reyes Mansion – This house served as the office of Apolinario Mabini when he was appointed as chief adviser to
President Aguinaldo. It was said that Mabini and Aguinaldo were often heard arguing from this house. It once housed
Aguinaldo’s Secretary of Exterior. It has an octagonal rose window and a weather vane on top of the roof.
 Barasoain Museum – located across the hall of the Barasoain Convent, is managed by the National Historical Institute. Its
corridors are hung with historical photographs of Bulacan and different rooms relate how democracy was established in the
country. Open daily, 8am-5pm. Admission is free. The church and convent were declared as a National Landmark on August 1,
1973, under Presidential Decree No. 260 and both underwent a thorough restoration under the supervision of the National
Historical Commission.

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Meycauayan City, Bulacan
Meycauayan City is known for its jewelry and tanning industry. It is also home to several industrial parks, mostly located
at Barangays Iba, Camalig and Pantoc.
History
 During the colonization of the Spaniards, Meycauayan was known as Mecabayan. In 1591, its status was encomienda.
 Meycauayan was then one of the largest municipalities in Bulacan. The towns of San Jose del Monte, Bocaue, Marilao,
Valenzuela, Obando, Santa Maria, Balagtas and Pandi were once part of the political jurisdiction of the town. During
the Spanish colonization, the Spanish authorities tapped Meycauayan’s adobe (volcanic tuff rocks) reserves which
were used for building stone housed and fortifications in and out of town. Majority of the adobe rocks that were used in
building the walls of Intramuros, Manila’s “old walled city” were imported from Meycauayan.
 On March 5, 2001, the municipality was declared as a component city by virtue of Republic Act 9021, but its
conversion was rejected by the voting people of Meycauayan in a plebiscite.
 On December 10, 2006, by virtue of Republic Act 9356, voters in Meycauayan ratified the conversion of Meycauayan
into a component city of Bulacan through another plebiscite. It became the province’s third city, joining San Jose del
Monte and Malolos.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Meycauayan City is a first class, highly urbanized city, in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. The city is located
about 19 kilometers (12 mi) north of Manila and about 22 kilometers (14 mi) south of Malolos City, the provincial
capital city. It is bounded by the town of Marilao to the north, Valenzuela City to the south, Caloocan City (North) to
the east, and the town of Obando to the west. It encompasses an aggregate area of 22.1 square kilometers (8.5 sq mi),
representing 1.17 % of the total land area of the province of Bulacan. According to the 2010 census, it’s population
reached to 199, 154.
 The city is generally surrounded with plain land and gentle rolling hills. Comfortably above sea level, this terrain is an
interweaving of greenery and concrete road network. The slope of the land dips towards a west to north westerly
direction. River, natural lake and drainage waterways envelope and criss-cross the area.
Products and Services
 Meycauayan City is very famous for its jewelry and leather industries. For years, Meycauayan has been the hub of
jewelry production in the Philippines and in Asia. It is famous for its very affordable jewelries.
 Meycauayan also prides itself on its leather goods. Shoes, bags and every kind of leather product have been
traditionally manufactured here. A number of leather tanneries still operate in Meycauayan, which over the years
have converted the city into a hub for leather goods.
 Meycauayan City is the economic, industrial, commercial, financial and educational centre of southern Bulacan.
Tourist Spots
Liputan Islands – it is surrounded by fishponds. These islands are accessible only through water transportation.

City of San Jose del Monte, Bulacan

“The Evergreen City”
History
 The idea of reduccion was widely spread during the Spanish Colonial Period. This was one of the systems used to
spread Catholicism to the remote areas of Bulacan. Reduccion or reduction of population was practiced in the largely
populated areas particularly in Meycauayan, Bulacan and San Jose, Centro Da Baloges.
 In March 1750, a decree from the Archbishop of Manila on the creation of new municipalities was announced in
Lagulo Church in Meycauayan. The decree included the list of families who volunteered to be relocated. Where
previously the only occupants were Itas and Dumagats, San Jose del Monte (SJDM) became a municipality as a result
of reduccion from Meycauayan. These families brought with them rice, wine, nganga and salt from Lagulo (now
Malhacan) in exchange for the wild pigs, deer, yantok and almasigan of the Itas and Dumagats. Solares, including
intended lots for main roads, were peacefully distributed to the new occupants after being measured and surveyed.
 The municipality of SJDM was founded on March 2, 1752. The population, not exceeding 200 people, belonged to the
family of farmers and stonecutters of Libtong and Meycauayan. They lived a simple lifestyle and raised fish, root
crops, vegetables, fruits and other natural products.
 Under the American regime in 1901, SJDM, being less progressive, weak and lacking in peace and order was placed
under the political supervision of Sta. Maria, Bulacan. Under American dispensation in 1918, the town became an
independent Municipality with Honorable Ciriaco Gallardo as the first Municipal Mayor.

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  The Japanese Imperial Army took over the local government of San Jose del Monte from 1942-1943. In resistance,
the municipality formed its own guerrilla unit. SJDM experienced many casualties when the Americans bombed the
Poblacion on January 11, 1945 and again on January 14, 1945. The Municipal Building was burned by dissidents on
October 10, 1950.
 The year 1961 marked the opening of the first Government Resettlement Project, the Sapang Palay Resettlement
Area, covering 752 hectares.
 In January 25, 1978, nine barangays were created under P.D. 1921. With the passage of the new local government
code in 1991 came the reformulation of equal wealth sharing between the national and local units and the realization
of the residents of having their own barangays. This move led to the creation of an additional 41 barangays under
Provincial Ordinance promulgated by RA 337 in December 1991.
 With the advent of the new millennium, SJDM’s population registered a staggering 315,807. It continues to grow as
private subdivisions mushroom in strategic areas of the Municipality.
 On September 10, 2000, SJDM was proclaimed as a Component City under Republic Act No. 8797. It is said to be
the largest town in the whole province of Bulacan in terms of land area and population. Also known as the “Balcony
of the Metropolis”, it is the first City in the province of Bulacan and recorded as the 86th City of the Philippines.
 On December 18, 2003, the City of San Jose became the 1st Lone Congressional District in Bulacan.
 In August 2007, the city’s population numbered to 439,090 based on the National Census conducted by the NSO.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The City of San Jose del Monte (SJDM) comprises 59 barangays and encompasses a total land area of 10,553 hectares
(based on data from the Land Management Bureau). The Local Government Unit (LGU), however, claims an actual
territorial area of 31,294 hectares which include disputed land areas with adjacent municipalities. Based on the
National Statistics Office Survey, SJDM registered a population of 315,807 in 2000.
 Located at the northeast periphery of Metro Manila, the City is bounded by the Bulacan municipalities of Marilao and
Santa Maria on the west, and Norzagaray on the north. Quezon province lies to its east, Rizal Province to its southeast
and Kalookan City to its south. Quirino Highway serves as the main road which allows SJDM access to Norzagaray
on the north and Kalookan City on the south. The City is likewise accessible from Santa Maria on its west via the
Santa Maria-Tungkong Mangga Provincial Road.
 SJDM was proclaimed the first City of Bulacan on 10 September 2000. In the Provincial Physical Framework Plan for
1998 to 2007, about one third of the City is proposed as an Urban Expansion Area. This same area lies along the
Norzagaray-SJDM Growth Corridor, one of the three growth corridors proposed for the province of Bulacan.
Products and Services
 Major agricultural crops are leafy vegetables, root crops, cassava, pineapple, mango and coffee beans.
 The major income earner of the city is large- and small-scale swine production. There are 60 commercial livestock
and poultry farms in the city.
Business Opportunity
 The city has 3 major business located in Tunkong Mangga, Muzon and Sampol Market. They are into wholesale and
retail trade.
 Major industries in the city include iron and marble works, furniture, handicrafts, food processing, housing, etc.
Tourist Spots
VS Orchidarium – a 5 hectares garden where hundreds of orchid species can be found, located at Barangay Sto. Cristo.
Pineapple Farm – the sweet pineapples are planted here, located at Barangay Tungkong Mangga.
Cattle Creek Golf and Country Club – Favorite recreational area of some executives and businessmen, located in
Barangay Sapang Palay Proper.
Kaytitinga Falls – an esteemed attraction of the city which can be found in the elevated Barangay of San Isidro.
Marina Fishing Resort – a 5 hectares man-made lake located at Barangay sapang Palay Proper.
Mt. Balagbag Trekking/Camping Site – an added attraction also comes in view in the beautiful Mt. Balagbag where you
can see a breathtaking Manila skyline.
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
History
 Cabanatuan was founded as Barrio of Gapan in 1750 and became a Municipality and capital of La Provincia de Nueva
Ecija in 1780. CabanaCabanatuan City Maptuan is the site of the historical “Plaza Lucero” and the Cabanatuan
Cathedral, where General Antonio Luna was ambushed on his way to Palanan. Cabanatuan lost the title of provincial
capital in 1850 when the capital of Nueva Ecija was moved to San Isidro, another historic town. It was only in 1917,

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 when the Administrative code was enacted, that Cabanatuan was restored as capital of the Province. However, in
1965, Congress created Palayan City, which has been the capital ever since.
 During World War II, the occupying Japanese built Cabanatuan Prison Camp, where many American soldiers were
imprisoned, some of whom had been forced to endure the infamous Bataan Death March. In January 1945, elements
of the U.S. Army 6th Ranger Battalion marched 30 miles (48 km) behind enemy lines to rescue the prisoners in what
became known as the Raid at Cabanatuan. As a result of the raid, on January 30, 1945, victorious Filipino guerrillas
and American troops of the U.S. Army 6th Ranger Battalion celebrated having obtained the freedom of 500 American
POWs.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Cabanatuan City had a total population of 272,676, all living within the land area of 192.29 km2 (74.24 sq
mi).
Products and Services
Cabanatuan City is credited for its good access to commercial banks making the city ranked as one of the most livable
cities in the Philippines together with Makati City in terms of banking. There are 60 commercial banks in the city,
including the major players and their multiple branches citywide. Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has a branch in the
city’s business district. Globe Telecom, Smart Communications and Sun Cellular also have their business offices located
in the city. The Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) has their business office at General Tinio St.,
while Digitel is in Mabini Extension. TV and Radio Stations are also present in the city.
Business Opportunity
Being the largest urban center in Nueva Ecija and one of the largest in Central Luzon, Cabanatuan is an ideal place to put
up a provincial or regional branch. Businesses that can be viable in the city are housing projects, commercial complexes,
and tourist facilities. Agribusiness ventures such as food processing, feeds, and fertilizer and farm implement productions
are also perfect to put up in the city. The same for the production of consumer products such as household goods and
clothing. Due to the presence of several institutions of higher learning, Cabanatuan can also host centers and other
technology-related ventures such as animation and software development.
Tourist Spots
 Camp Pangatian Shrine – American military training camp for twenty years until converted into a concentration
camp. This place is used for allied prisoners during the Japanese occupation. It is one of the popular tourist destination
for the veterans.
 General Luna Statue – General Antonio Luna a Philippine national hero – a brave general who stand on his great
principle which was assassinated in 1899 on this exact spot.
 Wright Institute of San Isidro – High School Institute established by the American after the Second World War II.
 Minalungao Park – National park river in the city. Featuring a 16 meters high limestone wall with a beautiful natural
view.
Festivals and Celebrations
Longanisa Festival – this week-long celebration is held in the vicinity of the public market along Paco Roman Street.
Apart from the local meat traders and costumers, tourists from nearby town are also joining the celebration. Highlights of
this festival are the cooking contests and the different preparations for longanisa (native sausage), including spaghetti and
“binagoongan”.
Gapan City, Nueva Ecija
History
 According to historical records, Gapan was called before as town of Ibon. However, in te middle part of the 16th
century, Spanish curates and officials founded Gapan and exercised great influence over the people and the things they
were doing. Catholic missionaries in 1595 were responsible for clearing the forest which later became a pueblo. A
church, presidencia and residential houses made of bricks and lime were constructed. This foundation made Gapan as
the oldest town in Nueva Ecija and one of the oldest in the Philippines. The Pueblo covered a vast area as far as
Cabaatuan City, Sierra Madre in the east, San Miguel and Bulacan in the south and Candaba, Pampanga in the west.
Later on the pueblo disintegrated into many pueblos until it remained to comprise only the towns of Penaranda,
General Tinio and San Leonardo in Nueva Ecija province.
 Then on August 25, 2001 the Municipality of Gapan was converted into a component city of Nueva Ecija by virtue of
Republic Act No. 9022.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Gapan City has a total population of 101,488. These people are comprised of different natives who came from the
different neighboring towns in Nueva Ecija. They occupy a total land area of 164.44 km2 (63.49 sq mi).

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 Gapan City is located in the southern part of the province. It is bounded to the north by Peñaranda and San Leonardo,
to the east by the Gen. Tinio, to the south by San Miguel in the neighboring Bulacan province, and to the west by San
Isidro.
Products and Services
More than 80% of the total land area are either grassland or devoted to agriculture. Main products are rice, root crops,
vegetables, livestock and poultry. Fish production is primarily done in fishponds and to a certain extent in the rivers.
Footwear is the chief manufactured product in the city. Other cottage industries produce processed foods and handicrafts.
Business Opportunity
 Because of the city’s location amidst agricultural area, it can be developed as an agro-industrial center. Industries that
can be established in this city as food processing, feed and fertilizer, farm machineries and tools, fashion and footwear,
furniture and home decors, and other consumer goods.
 Gapan City’s major source of income includes farming, slipper making, fishponds, poultry and piggery, and
commercial establishments. The place has rich natural resources and great potentials in agri-base industries as well as
footwear industries which help sustain the City’s virtual role in agricultural and industrial production. Commercial and
trade activities in the city are further accelerated by the influx of financing lending institution and new businesses.
Tourist Spots
 The Church of Gapan – this church was built int he years 1856 to 1872 with Byzantine architecture made out of bricks,
adobe and lime. The church was built through forced labor.
 The Shrine of Divina Pastora – this shrine houses the patron saint of Gapan, Divina Patora. The feast is celebrated
every 1st day of May. Visitors come to the shrine for prayer offering. They believe that the patron is miraculous.
Festivals and Celebrations
 Araquio of Peñaranda – is celebrated every 1st week of May. This is a traditional re-enactment of Queen Helena and
King Constantine’s search for the cross where Christ was crucifies. The participants are garbed in colorful costumes.
The prince and the princess sing, dance and dramatize in this re-enactment that also features sword fights between the
Christian and the Moros. The two day performance proceeds to the streets, followed by the audience, till they reach the
house of the Hermanos and Hemanas where the search ends and culminates in a procession.
 Divine Shepherdess – celebrated every May 1st. The miracles of the Divine Shepherdess has attracted the attention of
the church authorities that on April 26, 1964, she was crown queen at the church plaza thereby making Gapan an
official pilgrimage city where her graces would flourish for those who visit Gapan.
Muñoz City, Nueva Ecija
History
 Muños City was called before as Sitio Papaya. In 1886, the name was changed into ‘Muñoz’ to honor Don Francisco
Muñoz, the province’s alcalde mayor, and the community’s first appointed gobernadorcillo. Muñoz was annexed as a
barrio of San Juan de Guimba municipality. Settlers trickled in from Bulacan and the Ilocos Region. In 1911, Factoria
(now San Isidro town), the provincial capital, was totally flooded. Muñoz was then considered a possible new capital
of the province.
 At about the same time, the people of Barrios Muñoz and San Antonio, also in San Juan de Guimba town, and
Palusapis in Sto. Domingo municipality, together with Sitios Kabisukulan, Rang-ayan, Mataas na Lupa, Siniguelas,
Purok Agrikultura, and Pulong Maragul in Talavera town, were organizing themselves to be separated from their three
respective municipalities to become a new independent municipality. They were prepared to construct a municipal hall
and a school building for the emerging town.
 In July 1992 with the administration of Engineer Efren L. Alvarez, Muñoz municipality he envisioned the total
development and transformation of the place into a center of Science and Technology, trade commerce and Agro-
Industry. Eventually the place was declared as Muñoz Science Community by the Department of Science and
Technology (DOST) on September 3, 1993 due to its emerging science and art, research facilities.
 Then on June 1995, the master plan of Muñoz Science Community was finalized. The author of the said plan was Dr.
Rodolfo C. Undan, the current President of CLSU. President Fidel V. Ramos visited Muñoz on April 15, 1997 and
publicly announced his support and approval for the creation of Muñoz Science City.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Muños City has a total population of 75,462 (2010 population census) with its annual growth rate of 2.28%.
Predominant language used is Tagalog while others speak Ilocano, Pampango, and other languages of Pangasinan,
Bicol and Negros.

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  The total land area of the Science City is 16,305 hectares. Distribution of land use is mainly on Agricultural with
9,819 hectares of the total land area, Residential with 2,847 hectares, Commercial and Industrial with 784
hectares, Forest Hills and Pasture with 1,215 hectares, and the rest of the land use is for other facilities.
 Muños City has fertile lands and bodies of water such as the Baliwag River serving as the primary source of sand
and gravel for infrastructure projects in the vicinity; the Panlasian and Cumabol Rivers, as well as creeks and
lake-like watersheds. The lands’ soil consists of Maligaya clay loam, Maligaya clay and Quinqua silt loam. And
generally, the land’s topography is flat and equivalent to 0-3% slopes.
Products and Services
Agriculture is the primary economic activity of the people. Main products are rice, garlic, onion, peanut, corn, livestock
and poultry. Fishisng is done in the rivers and in fishponds, Agro-industrial activities include dairy production, fruit and
vegetable processing, meat processing, and bamboo craft making.
Business Opportunity
The Science City of Munoz has a bright future to become the hub of technological innovation. Investors are welcome to
participate in the commercialization of technologies developed by the research institutions in this city. The manufacture of
processed foods, medicines, essential oils, and packaging materials are some of the businesses that can be put up.
Likewise, the production of feeds, fertilizers, farm implements, and other agricultural chemicals are being promoted.
Tourist Spots
 San Sebastian Martyr Parish Church
Palayan City, Nueva Ecija
History
 Palayan City was just a Government Stock Farm before it was named on its present name. It was within Laur and
Bongabon. The city was one of the 6 cities of the Philippines (namely Manila, Baguio, Quezon City, Trece Martires,
Island Garden City of Samal, and Palayan) whose creation was specifically planned by the local leaders and approved
by the Congress.
 It was on March 25, 1952 that the leaders of Nueva Ecija comprising of congressman, board members and all mayors of
Nueva Ecija called a meeting with the desire to talk and plan about the transfer of the capital of Nueva Ecija from
Cabanatuan to other municipality. There are several locations suggested, some of which are Gapan, San Jose, Santa
Rosa, Guimba, Talavera, General Tinio, Baloc (present-day Santo Domingo), Muñoz, and the Government Stock Farm
(present-day Palayan City). After the meeting, the majority agreed that the Government Stock Farm be made as the
capitol site.
 On June 19, 1965, congress of the Philippines enacted RA 4475 creating Palayan City as the new capital of Nueva
Ecija. While the stock farm is not virtually rice land, ”Palayan” was chosen as its name, the province being dubbed as
the Rice Granary of the region and the country. Finally, the city government of Palayan was constituted December 5,
1965 with then Governor Eduardo L. Joson as its Ex-Officio Mayor while the Board Members Constituted its first City
Council.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The city is composed of 37,219 total of population as of 2010. Many of its residence are employed while outside the
urban area, people are engaging in agriculture and inland fishing.
 Total land area of the city is 17,299.80 hectares. Its land is being mainly used for residential purposes. Croplands with
1,894 hectares are used for pasture, forest, inland fisheries and other industries. There are also rolling hills, terrains and
mountains in the city, all used for agriculture and other related industry.
Products and Services
The income of the city are mainly came from agri-based industries like rice and corn-based food processing, herbal
processing, meat and livestock processing, organic fertilizer production, ice plant, cold storage (for onions), feed mill
plant and industries that is into packing, production of materials and commercial warehousing. Other industries like
telecommunication firms are also available in the city.
Business Opportunity
Palayan City offers opportunity in the production and processing of high value commercial crops such as mushroom,
munggo beans, malunggay, and herbal plants. Investors can also explore the viability of putting up demonstration farms
and recreational facilities.
Tourist Spots
 Fort Ramon Magsaysay – known as the Fort Mag, this is one of the main tourist destination in the city. It houses the
Philippine Army’s 7th Infantry Division, the elite Special Operations Command, Training and Doctrines Command.

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 The military camp is also used during the joint exercise between the Philippines and the United States. The camp has
a land area of 33,469.9 hectares of lush greenery and rolling hills.
 Mount Taclang Damulag – the mountain is ideal fro trekking and mountain climb tourists with more than 200 feet of
rolling trail.
 Pahingahan Complex – this complex provides small huts near a man-made lake and tourists can also enjoy kayaking
in the said lake.
Angeles City, Pampanga
History
 Angeles City, before it was known as such was but a small settlement led by Captain Mayor of San Fernando, Don
Angel Pantalion de Miranda. It was named as “Culiat”, which name derived from a woody vine that was abundant in
the area at that time. People who inhabit the place were the Negrito Tribesman.
 Barrio Culiat continued to be part of San Fernando for 33 years wherein a chapel, primary school and some industries
were established, like sugar mill and wine distillery, which helped the economy of the barrio to flourish at that early
time. On December 8, 1829, the barrio became a separate town from San Fernando after Don Angel paid the necessary
amount required by the law at that time for the separation of Culiat. After that, the name of the town was changed to
“El Pueblos de los Angeles” in honor of its patron saint Holy Guardian Angels and to the name of its founder, Don
Angel.
 The first American government of Angles was established by General Frederick D. Grant on January 1, 1900 and 64
years later from that day, Angeles City became a city.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Angeles City recorded a total population of 326,336 as of 2010. The growth rate is estimated at 2.32%. The language
used is Kapampangan, but Tagalog and English language is also spoken and understood anywhere in the province.
 The City of Angeles has a total land area of 60.27 km2 (23.27 sq mi) which is divided into different land use like
residential (34.25%), agricultural (39.43%), and then followed by commercial, industrial, institutional facilities and
parks. The city is located in the province of Pampanga, Philippines. It is bordered by Mabalacat City to the north;
Mexico to the east; San Fernando to the southeast; Bacolor to the couth; and Porac to the southwest and west.
Products and Services
 The City’s economy accelerated due to various businesses, technologies and modern highways that have been
established and constructed in the city, thus trade and transport has tremendously improved.
 The latest figure of commercial establishments operating in the city is 15,375. Manufacturing and exporter industries
topped the operation in the city with about 90.19% are of light and medium industries and nine and 80/100 percent
(9.80%) are agro-industrial. Angeles also has a cottage industry that includes Rattan furniture production, production of
coconuts, charcoal, and briquettes; a semiconductor industry involved in the manufacturing of electronics and
computers.
 Business investments in 2000 amounted to P3, 021,728,527.07. The Clark Special Economic zone, which is bound on
the north of the city, has a total of 276 business establishments included in the Clark Development Corporation. In 2001,
the city was also featured as one of the “Hot Cities for Business”. With the vast resources and increase in the labor
force, Angeles is surely a hot spot for investment.
Business Opportunity
 Angeles City is a fast growing urban center in Central Luzon. With the development of the Diosdado Macapagal
International Airport as a premier international gateway, Angeles City has a bright economic prospect. It is also
centrally located in the heart of the largest agricultural region of the country. Moreover, it is located at the intersection
of two expressways. Thus, the city is poised to become a logistics center.
 The development of Clark Economic Zone is another plus factor to choose Angeles City as an investment site.
Businesses with brighter prospects include electro-electrical manufacturing, textile and clothing, transportation
equipment, household goods, food processing, technology-related industries, commercial complexes, mass housing,
tourism-related businesses, export and import activities, aviation services, and training centers.
Tourist Spots
 Bale Matua – one of the most renowned tourist spot in Angeles City. This is an old house situated within Santo Rosario.
Known as the oldest house in the city, Bale Matua is founded by the rich man named Don Angel Pantaleon de Miranda
in the 1800s. Inside this mansion, people acan find artifacts that can suggest the culture and lifestyle of early people in
Angles City.

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 Bayanihan Park – vacationers and tourist can enjoy kite flying here. There are also various facilities for sport-loving
tourists like basketball and volleyball courts. This place is very popular since mane spacial event in the city are normally
being held here like festivals, religious ceremonies and bazaars.
Festivals and Celebrations
 Hot-Air Baloon Festival – held every February in Clarkfield, where the balloonist from various countries features their
own made balloons.
 Feast of the Guardian Angels – this is Angeles City’s foundation day celebration.
 Apu Fiesta – held every last Friday of October wherein all devotees flock to the Holy Rosary Parish Church to venerate
the miraculous image of Jesus Christ lying in the sepulcher.
 Tigtigan Terakan keng Dalan – celebrated every last Friday and Saturday night of October in lieu of Kuliat Fiesta which
features street singing and dancing up to the wee hours of the following day. This is the local version of the Mardi Gras.
Mabalacat City, Pampanga
History
 Before the Spaniards came, Mabalacat was a barrio of Bambang (now Bamban. Tarlac). Former inhabitants were the
Negritos, known as aetas or baluga. In 1792, it became a town and was named after the balacat tree (Ziziphus talanai),
a fourth class timber tree whose bark has been proven to have antimicrobial properties.
 In 1853 Mabalacat had a population of 2,611 and four barangays, namely, Babangdapu, Duquit, Malabni, and
Paglimbunan. In 1903 its population increased to 7,049 and already had 19 barangays. These were Bical, Bundagul,
Dapdap, Dau, Dolores, Iba, Mabiga, Mamatitang, Mangalit, Matas, Mawaque, Paralayunan, Poblacion, Quitangil, San
Joaquin, Santa Ines, Santa Maria, Sapang Balen, and Sapang Biabas. In 1948, its barangays increased to 20 with the
addition of Fort Stotsenburg. Barangay Quitangil was renamed San Francisco.
 In 1860 a military command was established by the Spanish authorities due to lawlessness and depredations
perpetrated by the negritos (also known as balugas or aetas). The Pampanga towns of Bamban, Capas, Concepcion,
Victoria, Tarlac, Magalang, Porac, and Floridablanca and the city of Mabalacat were created into what was called a
“Commandancia Militar”. However, in 1873 the Military Command returned Mabalacat together with the towns of
Magalang, Floridablanca, and Porac to the mother province, Pampanga.
 It became a city after the president signed the Republic Act 10164 and winning the yes votes held on a plebiscite last
July 21, 2012.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Mabalacat City recorded a population of 215,610. It is consist of 2,447 in business industries and 43,122
households.
Products and Services
 Mabalacat City’s average annual income of PhP 56,698,280.87 derived from municipal license fees, land tax, Internal
Revenue allotment, roads and bridges fund. In 1997, there were 2,447 business establishments registered in the city.
These business institutions are consist of 79 manufacturers mostly involved in sash factory, iron works, ceramics,
bakery and 1,806 trading companies. The financial needs are served by eleven banks, mostly concentrated in Dau.
 Public utilities include the Mabalacat Water System, Pampanga Electric Corporation II (PELCO II), three telephone
companies namely, Datelcom Corporation (DATELCOM), Smart Communications (SMART) and Digital
Telecommunications Philippines, Incorporated (DIGITEL) and one cable television network (PRO-SAT) which runs
solely for Mabalacat.
Festivals and Celebrations
 Pastorella – also known as Misa de Pastores in honor of the shepherds at the birth of Jesus Christ. This is a set of Latin
hymns of te 9-day Christmas Masses. Pampangan towns ceased on doing but in Mabalacat, pastorella still live on.
 Caragan Festival – this is held every 3d week of February as part of the month-long celebration of the town fiesta of
Mabalacat, Pampanga. This is named after chieftain of Mabalacat town who is a native Aeta married to a Mabalaquena
named Laureana Tolentino. Highlight of the event is the celebration of the traditional Aeta culture.

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San Fernando City, Pampanga
History
 San Fernando is also considered the birthplace of the labor movement in the Philippines. On 1872, in protest against the
abuses of their plant foremen, the first organized strike was said to have been staged by a gremio of printers from
government press located in the town. The first labor union known as the Union de Lithografos y Impresores de
Filipinas (ULIF), organized and headed by Hermegildo Cruz was also established in San Fernando in the printing plant
of La Independencia, edited by General Antonio Luna. The socialist movement would later find its roots in the town
during the early part of the 20th century under the leadership of Pedro Abad Santos.
 The San Fernando Train Station was opened as part of the Bagbag-Mabalacat stretch of the Manila-Dagupan Railway
system on February 23, 1892. This event signaled the beginning of the exponential growth of the town brought about by
the sugar boom in the province of Pampanga. Dr. Jose P. Rizal visited the town as part of his mission to recruit
members to the La Liga Filipina on June 27 of the same year.
 On September 1, 1896, the municipality was declared in a state of war. This was the result of the Philippine Revolution
against the Spanish government. Consequently, Spanish Generals like Diego Delos Rios, Luis Gerraldo, Francisco
Castillo, a certain Jaudennes and Ricardo Monet were sent by the Governor General to establish big detachments of
soldiers to halt the revolution. In December of the following year, peace was declared as a result of the pact of Biak-na–
Bato.
Population/ Language/ Area
Officially known as City of San Fernando to differentiate it from San Fernando City of La union Province, San Fernando
is located at the central part of Pampanga Province in Central Luzon Region. Around 67 kilomters north of Manila, the
city lies west of Mount Arayat, along the North Luzon Expressway. The city is only 16 kilometers away from Angeles
City and 50 kilometers east of Subic Bay Freeport. Its topography is a broad flatland which is part of the vast Central
Plain of Luzon. The city is bounded on the northwest by Angeles City, on the northeast by the town of Mexico, on the
south by Sto. Tomas, and on the west by Bacolor town.
Products and Services
Although agriculture is still an important source of employment, the city is fast becoming a commercial and industrial
center. Rice, sugar, rootcrops, vegetables, livestock and poultry are the chief farm products of the city. Large
manufacturing plants include the San Miguel food and beverage manufacturing complex, Pampanga sugar mill, Coca-cola
bottling, and Universal Robina. The city is home to meat processing plants like the famous Mekeni, Pampanga’s Best and
Tita’s meat products. Lantern-making is a well-known cottage industry in the city. Other industries include garment-
making and ceramics.
Business Opportunity
Being the crossroads of road networks and its strategic location, not only in Pampanga Province but also in Central
Luzon, makes the city of San Fernando an ideal site for a regional headquarter. The real estate industry such as the
establishment of commercial complexes, mass housing, office buildings, and tourism facilities has bright prospects in the
city. The manufacture of any item not only domestic consumption but also for export is very much welcome here.
Investors can also put up technology related industries such as business process outsourcing, animation, and software
development. Agri-based ventures such as the production of high value commercial crops and commercial hog and
poultry raising are also encouraged.
Tourist Spots
 Monumento Fernandino – this monument tells the 4-fould aspect of the Fernandino story: a) the penitent girl with
lantern, b) lady with torch, c) lady making the offering and d0 boatman. This is also a sculptural masterpiece that pays
tribute to the city’s colorful history and cultural heritage.
 WOW Philippines Hilaga – this is formerly known as Paskuhan Village, located at the mouth of the San Fernando Toll
Exit along the North Luzon Expressway. North Philippines Hilaga was transformed into a cultural, historical, tourism,
trade, and entertainment village. Its design and concept make it a virtual window to the cultural and historical heritage
of the four regions of the North Philippines as well as a showcase for their indigenous products, and arts and crafts. The
star-shaped pavilions at the center pay tribute to the skilled lantern makers of San Fernando, Pampanga which produces
the biggest lanterns in the world. The complex features a 1,000-seat capacity air-conditioned pavilion for conventions
and special events, an open-air amphitheater for outdoor activities, air-conditioned exhibit halls, trade booths, garden
restos and a 60-seat capacity conference hall.

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Tarlac City, Tarlac
History
 From Bacolor, Pampanga came the leaders and first settlers who cleared the land, fertile the soil, and started a
settlement in the area now known as Tarlac City. It was formally founded in 1788. The little community grew rapidly
as settlers from Zambales, Pampanga, Bataan and elsewhere flocked the town. The Pampanga dialect became the
native language of the town as it was part of Pampanga province in those days. Decades after, roads were built and
barrios were established without monetary expenditure but only through the common efforts of everyone.
 It is said, “the past is a prologue to the future”. This brief account of the town’s colorful history is by no means
complete. Since 1788, the town has progressed significantly, leading to its becoming the nucleus of Tarlac province.
It has encountered countless hardships in the course of its existence, including those precipitated by earthquakes,
cholera and other epidemics, great fires, devastating floods and similar calamities. Through the years, Tarlac’s ability
to survive wars, economic difficulties and political turmoil among others, has been proven by its consistent re-
emergence as a stronger and better town, eager to meet the challenges of tomorrow.
 Tarlac Capitol - Tarlac CityThen, on April 18, 1998, through a plebiscite the citizenry overwhelmingly supported the
conversion of Tarlac town into a component city with affirmative votes of 21,378 out of 26,020 votes. It was
proclaimed as a component city on April 19, 1998 by virtue of Republic Act No. 8593 to be known as the City of
Tarlac.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Tarlac Peoples ParkThe 318,332 population (2010 census) of Tarlac City is consists of 73% are Christians. The
majority of these Christians are members of Iglesia Ni Cristo and Roman Catholic with minorities of Protestants. The
remaining 27% is non Christian such as Muslims and others.
 Tarlac City, with a total land area of 274.66 km2 (106.05 sq mi), is located 125 kilometers north of Manila. It is
bounded on the north by the municipality of Gerona, on the east by the towns of Victoria and La Paz, on the south by
the towns of Conception and Capas, and on the west by San Jose town. The city is accessible through the McArthur
Highway (National Highway) and now connected with Clark and Subic Freeport through the new SCT Expressway.
Terrain is defined by lowland where the city center is located and which form part of the great central plain of Luzon
Island. On the western part, however, are found hills and mountains. Tarlac River traverse the western part of the city
center.
Products and Services
Agriculture is the main source of income for the city. Sugar, rice, root crops, vegetables, livestock and poultry are the
chief farm products of the city. Large manufacturing enterprises are concentrated at the Luisita Industrial Park where
rubber tires, electronics, and automotive wiring sets are produced. Due to the rapid urbanization, several residential
subdivisions mushroomed along the sides of the National Highway.
Business Opportunity
Being a fast rising economic powerhouse in the region, the city offers several advantages to business locators. It is
adjacent to several other large urban centers of Central Luzon and is traversed by the National Highway and is the
endpoint of the new Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEx). Investors can put up real estate projects such as housing
and commercial complexes, tourist-related ventures such as hotels, resorts, entertainment facilities and demonstration
farms, and technology companies like call centers. In manufacturing, the city is an ideal place to establish agribusiness-
related factories for food processing, farm machinery, feeds, and fertilizer. Export-oriented plants are also encouraged.
Tourist Spots
 Tarlac Museum – this museum has an extensive collection of official documents of the different revolutionary
personalities like the letters of Francisco Makabulos and Gen. Servillano Aquino.
 Monasteryo de Tarlac – located at the Tarlac Eco- Tourism Park, Brgy. Lubigan, San Jose, Tarlac.
Festivals and Celebrations
The Malatarlak Festival, celebrated every January, is the most common festival in the city. In 2011, Mayor Ace Manalang
changed the name of the festival to Melting pot Festival. Although it is still remembered by its former name.
Olongapo City, Zambales
History
 Olongpo was first inhabited by the Aetas before it was discovered by the Spaniards. It was then a small fishing village
of Subic with the majority of the people getting their livelihood through it. When the Spaniards came and conquered
the town on 1884, they made it as their navy settlement. King Alfonso II declared Subic Bay as Spain’s stronghold in
the Far East because of its notable deep water harbor and the protection provided by the mountains surrounding the
place against strong winds.

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 After 14 years of Spanish-American War, Admiral George Dewey took Olongapo and Subic Bay, making the bay area
and the whole Olongapo as U.S. Military reservation. Millions of dollar was spent converting the base. Estimated cost
spent was $170 million. But after 8 years, the Filipino citizens demanded that Olongapo be returned to the governance
of the Philippines. Thus in December 7, 1959 Olongapo was turned over to the Philippine government and changed
into a municipality by virtue of Executive Order No. 366 by issuance of President Carlos P. Garcia.
 Seven years later, President Ferdinand E. Marcos signed Republic Act No. 4645 on June 1, 1966 making Olongapo as
a chartered city. In 1983, Olongapo City became the highly urbanized city in Central Luzon.
 On June 15, 1991, Mount Pinatubo erupted causing extensive damage at the U.S. Facility and in Olongapo City. It was
also noted that in this year, the Senate of the Philippines rejected the Treaty agreement between the Republic of the
Philippines and the United States of America.
 A year later, President Corazon Aquino signed R.A. 7227 creating Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority and appointed
Mayor Richard J. Gordon as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
 On November 24, 1992, the U.S. Naval Facility was turned over to the Philippine Government, and Subic was turned
over to the governance of Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority (SBMA).
Population/ Language/ Area
 The city recorded a total population of 221,178 as of 2010. As an urbanized city, various languages are spoken in the
area ranging from Tagalog, Pampango, Ilocano, and Zambal. Others speak in the dialects of Waray, Visaya, Cebuano,
Pangasinan, Bicolano, Ilonggo, among others. The city is represented by various ethnic groups.
 Olongapo city’s land area is mountainous, thus urban development can be quite expensive. The total built up area is
about 2,600 hectares or 14.05% only of the total land area which is 18,500 hectares. The city is bounded on the north
by the town of Subic, Zambales, on the east by Bataan province, and on the south by Subic Bay Freeport Zone, and on
the west by Subic Bay. It has a total land area of 185 square kilometers.
Products and Services
There are four leading investment areas in Subic Bay Freeport Zone, these are the Central Business District, Subic
Gateway, Subic Bay Industrial Park, and Subic Techno Park. Manufacturing, electronic communications technology
businesses are also present in this place. The city also has warehousing, trans-shipment, banking firms and education
facilities that yield assets and generate thousands of jobs.
Business Opportunity
Considering the continued development of the Subic Bay Freeport especially with the completion of the Subic-Clark-
Tarlac Expressway, there is no doubt that Olongapo City offers a lot of opportunities for entrepreneurs. Two areas of
investment can be the priority namely: tourism and real estate. Hotels, resorts, commercial and residential buildings would
be in great demand as more and more tourists and businessmen descend on the freeport. For small and medium
enterprises, the production of items needed by the visitors is encouraged. Jewelry, garments, fashion accessories, furniture
and fixtures, souvenir items, and giftwares are some businesses to be engaged in.
Tourist Spots
Olongapo City Museum – this museum contains dioramas, artifacts, and paintings about te history of the city. At the
entrance, a rotating Ulo ng Apo statue meets the visitors.
Marikit Park – One of the earliest parks of Olongapo, it has become famous in its time. Today, it is near Gordon College,
the museum, the convention center and the library.
Olongapo Lighthouse – this is a panoramic view perfect for picture taking. This old lighthouse is located along the
national highway going to the north. It overlooks the Subic Bay Freeport area.
Festivals and Celebrations
 Dinamulag Mango Festival – is celebrated for the specific mango variety in the city. It is thought by some that this
mango is one of the sweetest. This festival is celebrated every April.
 Sibit-Sibit Festival – is a word derived from the word that means a small paddle boat used for fishing as Olongapo was
ultimately born from being one of the ancient fishing villages of the country. Sibit-Sibit festival is an annual event held
in the city to interpret the rich and colorful history of it. There are lots of activities int his festival such as aqua sports
activities, club activities, and entertainment sprees and talents showdowns. Aqua sports ativities are the banca races:
single rowing, double rowing, motorized banca race and motorized exhibition game.

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San Jose City, Nueva Ecija Products and Services
“Onion Capital of the Philippines” The city’s economy is primarily agricultural. Rice and
History onion are the chief products. Other farm products are
 San Jose was but a wide wilderness with lots of corn, sorghum, mango, livestock, and poultry. Within
uncleared agricultural lands. It was called before as the city center are wholesale and retail trading, a few
“Kabaritan” which derived from the Ilocano word furniture and automotive shops, banks, and food service
“barit” for a plant that belongs to the rattan family. establishments.
“Kabaritan” means the place where “barit” grows in Business Opportunity
abundance. It was part before of the barrio of the town The city of San Jose, owing to its location as a gateway
of Puncan but before of its nearness to Lupao, the to Cagayan Valley and Pangasinan Province, has the
barrio was transferred to Lupao. potential to become an agro-industrial center. Investors
 Early inhabitants before of the Kabaritan were the are encouraged to establish a modern cold storage
Negritos (Baluga) and were headed by Kapitan facility or a food terminal and processing center. Other
Danding, a Negrito convert who lived in industries to put up are feed, fertilizer, furniture, jewelry,
Pinagcuartelan. These people depended mostly to and consumer products.
hunting and fishing for their livelihood. There are also Tourist Spots
some hunters from neigboring towns who found  Diamond Park – is locatd at the gateway to the
Kabaritan as a good place for settlement because of its Cagayan Valley, at the foot of Mount Caraballo. This
wide forest lands. These coming settlers cleared the place provides relaxation for nature lovers with
land by doing kaingin or clearing the forest lands in facilities for picnics and sightseeing. The place has
the area and planting crops for their living. also a hundred step stairs leading to lamp-lit pagodas
 On March 19, 1894, the barrio of Kabaritan became an in the hilltop and is a nice spot to view Nueva Ecija.
independent town from Lupao and was renamed as  Palaspas Falls – this falls is located at the city proper
San Jose. The name was derived from the Patron Saint and is ideal for picnics and bathing especially during
of the town, Saint Joseph. summer period.
Population/ Language/ Area Festivals and Celebrations
 San Jose City recorded a total population of 129,424, Tanduyong Festival – being the main producer of onion,
as of 2010. Majority of these people speaks Tagalog garlic, rice and vegetables, the city celebrates the
as the main language then followed by Ilocano, Tanduyong Festival every fourth Sunday of April. On
Pampango, Pangasinan, Bicol and Ilonggo. the festival, the streets are filled with contingents of
 Predominant language used is Tagalog, followed by dancers outfitted in striking, multi-hued native costumes.
Ilocano dialect, Pampango, Pangasinan, Bicol and Tandayung is a kind of onion in the city.
Ilonggo. Pagibang Damara – a damara is a makeshift shelter made
 Covering a land area of 187.25 km2 (72.30 sq mi), of bamboo and nipa, built at the center of the fields as a
San Jose City is consist of 38 barangays. The city is protection for the farmers against the heat of the sun and
located at the foot of the Caraballo mountain range. the rain. It was said that the landlords of the haciendas,
Due to its strategic location, the city was dubbed as before planting time for palay, made the farmers built
“The Gateway to the North”. damara. This festival is the way of the people to
celebrate for the bountiful harvest.
Region 4A (CALABARZON)
 CALABARZON is composed by the provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon; the acronym is
derived from the first two letters of every province that composes it.
 The region is located in southwestern Luzon, just south and east of Metro Manila and is the second most densely
populated region. CALABARZON and MIMAROPA were previously combined together as Southern Tagalog, until
they were separated in 2002 by virtue of Executive Order No. 103. Executive Order No. 246, dated October 28, 2003,
designated Calamba City as the regional center of CALABARZON. The largest city of CALABARZON Region and
the second highly-urbanized city is Antipolo City, with Lucena City being the first. CALABARZON is the most
populated region in the Philippines, with a population of 12,609,803 inhabitants.
 The cities that make up CALABARZON are:
1. Batangas City 7. Imus City 13. Santa Rosa City
2. Lipa City 8. Tagaytay City 14. Lucena City
3. Tanauan City 9. Trece Martires City 15. Tayabas City
4. Bacoor City 10. Biñan City 16. Antipolo City
5. Cavite City 11. Cabuyao City 17. Calamba City
6. Dasmariñas City 12. San Pablo City

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 Batangas City, Batangas
Batangas City is the largest and capital city of the Province of Batangas, Philippines. The city is also known as the
“Industrial Port City of CALABARZON” and is currently classified as one of the fastest urbanizing cities of the
Philippines.
History
 Due to migration, the first Spanish missionary first came to Batangas. It was in the year 1581 that the Spanish authorities
created a pueblo in the area. The town was then named as “Batangan” because of huge logs, locally called as “batang”,
which abounded in the place. The first governadocillo was an appointee of the Spanish government by the name of Don
Agustin Casilao.
 When the Americans came in the early of 1900s, local civil government of Batangas was organized. Jose Villanueva was
elected as “Municipal President” July 4, 1901.
 However, when the Japanese came and when the war broke up, Batangas was among those who didn’t escaped the
distruction. The city was severely damaged during the Japanese A6M Zero bombardment with the Batangas Airport
totally destroyed. December 12, 1941 a man with the name of Roman L. Perez was appointed by the Japanese authority
to be the Mayor.
Population/ Language/ Area
Batangas City Hall - Batangas Government DirectoryAccording to the 2010 census, Batangas has a total population of
305, 607. Its total land area is 282.96 km2 (109.25 sq mi). The people are usually referred to as Batanguño and
Batangueña.
Products and Services
Batangas City is known for their meat products especially beef. Best delicacy for this meat is bulalo. They also take pride
of their Kapeng Barako of its world-class quality of strong aroma.
Business Opportunity
 The City of Batangas gears up activities on trade, finance, education and medical services for most part of the province.
As a center for trade and commerce, it hosts one of the largest oil refineries in the country, Pilipinas Shell, and three
natural gas power plants, namely, Keilco, First Gas and Malampaya On-Shore Gas Plant. Other major industries
include: San Miguel Food Corporation, JG Summit Petrochemical Corp., Universal Robina Corp., Himmel Industries
Inc., Chemphil Bulk Terminal, San Lorenzo Power Plant and First Philippine Industrial Corp. It is the center for
education, with three of the largest universities in the province and recently, more International Schools have chosen the
City as their campus sites.
 The City draws thousands of transient and migratory workers, with 46 banking and other financial institutions, 4 major
hospitals and 3 major hotels and various government agencies.
Tourist Spots
 Gerthel Beach – located in the town of Lobo, is one of the finest beaches of the area. It has an approximately one
kilometer stretch of white sand beach and a gradually sloping ocean floor of up to about two hundred meters before the
drop-off.
 Submarine Garden – consists of living corals near the shore of one of the beaches of Lobo. These corals ca be clearly
seen during early mornings and when the water is clear and the tide is low.Submarine Garden - Bataan City
 Taal Lake and Volcano – the Southern Luzon’s main attraction. The volcano is known to be the smallest in the world.
Lipa City
 Early history says that the first settlers of the city were war-like descendants of the two Bornean Datus Dumangsil and
Balikasusa between the 10th and 13th century AD.Lipa City Church
 Tradition has it that the early settlements of Tagbakin in the southeastern region of Bombon Lake were inhabited by
the war-like descendants of the two Bornean Datus Dumangsil and Balkasusa. From these pre-colonial settlements
evolved the ancestry of Lipa.
 It is said that the early Lipeños were Buddhist in religion and Indian in civilization while influences coming from other
races also became inevitable due to the not so infrequent contacts with traders and merchants coming from China. With
the Spanish conquest of the region, the Lipeños were also forced to embrace the Hispanic Christian culture of the West.
This is the reason why they say that in Lipa, “the East also meets the West.”
 In 1570, the Spaniards under the leadership of Martin de Goiti began to colonize the areas surrounding Lake Bombon
and in 1605, Bombon was made an encomienda which was awarded to Marshal Gabriel de Rivera. The Augustinian
missionaries established a mission center in Tagbakin which they named San Sebastian, in honor of the Christian
martyr. In 1702, the settlement was made a regular municipality and in 1716, a regular parish with Fray Diego de
Alday as curate.
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Population/ Language/ Area
 Lipa City is bounded by the town of Santo Tomas in the northeast, San Pablo City of Laguna and San Antonio, Quezon
in the east, the municipalities of Padre Garcia and Rosario in the southeast, the municipalities of Ibaan and San Jose in
the southwest, the municipalities of Cuenca and Mataas Na Kahoy and Taal Lake in the west and the municipalities of
Balete and Malvar in the northwest. The city’s location, in a valley between Mount Malarayat and Mount Makulot,
makes it a low-risk area for natural disasters. These two mountains serve as a windbreak during typhoons. Mount
Makulot, in the west, also served as shield during eruptions of the Taal Volcano.
 Lipa covers an area of 20,940 hectares (209.4 km2) at an elevation of 1,025 feet (312 m) above sea level. Its climate is
generally cool, except during typhoons and in summer. Lipa City’s fishing area is located at Barangay Halang, in the
west of the city; it is actually a portion of Taal Lake, which is connected to other municipalities (Cuenca, Mataas na
Kahoy and Balete). The average yearly temperature is 23 degrees Celsius. The highest recorded temperature is 35.7, and
the lowest recorded temperature is 16.4 degrees Celsius. Rainfall is sporadic during the year; it is dry from January to
May, and wet from June to December.
 As of 2011, the population of the city is 287,170. The people speaks Tagalog as the city’s main dialect. There are also
some who speak English as it is used to be the language used in schools, business and offices.
Products and Services
The main product of the city is its coffee grains. They are also known for being the country’s provider of “kapeng
barako”. Other farm products include rice, coconut, root crops and vegetables.
Business Opportunity
The influx of business process outsourcing (BPO) firms such as call centers contribute to the growth of the Lipa’s
economy. Recently, the city was ranked 6th in the Top 10 next wave cities by the Commission of Information and
Communication Technology (ICCT). Until now, these call centers make up the large working force for business in the
city.
Tourist Spots
Museo ng Katipunan – a museum located at Barangay Bulaklakan, Lipa City. This museum houses the original flag of the
Katipuneros during the Philippine Revolution.
San Sebastian Cathedral – located at the heart of Lipa City. This church was built in 1895 by Augustinian Friar named Fr.
Benito Varas. There are still paintings of its first construction that remains up to date.San Sebastian Cathedral - Lipa City
Church
Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Church – this church became famous due to the miraculous shower of rose petals during 1948.
This is also known for the apparition of the Blessed Virgin Mary as Mary Mediatrix of All Grace to a Carmelite Novice,
Teresita Castillo.

Tanauan City
“The Premiere City of CALABARZON”
History
 The town of Tanauan was established in 1754. However, it was not located on its present location. History says that
the place was among the settlements which was organized by the Augustinian missionaries in 1572. The town was
located before at the shore of the Taal Volcano lake. During its eruption in 1754, the town was totally destroyed.
Together with the people in the town of Sala, the residents transferred to safer places. The people of Tanauan went to
Bañadero and then to its present location. Sala, on the other hand, transferred from its original site to where it is now
located. Sala subsequently became a barangay of Tanauan.
 In 1996, Tanauan became a first class municipality and five years after it became a city. A plebiscite was conducted
on March 10, 2001 which duly ratified an approved the cityhood of Tanauan.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The 2007 population census of the city shows that it has a total population of 142,537 reflecting a 17.54% increase
from the 2000 census at an annual growth rate of 2.69%. This total population constitutes the 6.35% population of the
whole Batangas province.
 The city has a total land area of 10.716 hectares, covering the 3.38% of the total land area of the province. Much of
the areas in the city belong to 0 to 15 percent slope that are undulating to rolling. Most of the areas with steep slope of
more than 65 percent are located in Barangays Sulpoc, Montana, San Jose, Maugat, Ambolong, Bañadero, Talaga,
Banjo West, portions of Daraga and Poblacion 3.
 Since the city is located in between the two volcanoes, Mt. Makiling and Taal Volcano, its geologic structure makes it
prone to volcanic activities. Because of this, the city is mostly composed of Piliocene to Quarternary volcanic rocks of
agglomorate, tuffs, cinders, andeside, dacite and pyroclastic layers.
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Products and Services
Due to the grazing pasture in the whole province, the city is also one of the great producer of meat products such as beef.
Meat dishes include beef caldereta, which is like a spicy thick stew; Tapang Taal, which are choice beef or pork parts
marinated in soy sauce, calamansi and garlic. Aside from meat products, they are also known for their fish products.
These include kilawin, a fresh fish soaked in vinegar or calamansi juice mixed with chopped onions, garlic and hot
peppers; pinangat na maliputo, steamed fish atop rock salt and cooked in an earthn pot known as palayok; and grilled
tilapia cooked in coconut husks.
Tourist Spots
Like most lakeshore towns in Batangas, Tanauan has taken advantage of its picturesque surroundings and have invested in
its tourism industry. The city is blessed with fresh water beaches and lush farmlands that several notable hotels and
resorts have been established in the city. These establishments have attracted tourists and serve as the city’s premiere
venues for leisure and recreation. Some of these prominent establishments found in the city are Vieux Chalet, Darasa
Fiesta Resort, and las haciendas resort farms.

Bacoor City, Cavite

“Cavite’s Gateway To The Metropolis”
bacoor caviteIts location makes Bacoor the gateway to Metro Manila via the Manila-Cavite Expressway, which starts in
Bacoor. The city is among the key areas and formerly one of the fastest growing municipalities in Cavite together with
Imus and Dasmariñas, mainly because of their location. Two SM malls are located in Bacoor. During weekdays many
residents leave the district to go their places of work in the metropolitan areas such as Manila and Makati cities.
History
 Bacoor was was founded in 1671 and was named after bakod, Tagalog term for fence. Some accounts indicates that
when Spanish troops arrived in “Bacoor”, they met some local inhabitants in the process of building a fence around their
house. The Spaniards ask the men what the name of the city was, but because of the difficulties in understanding each
other, the local inhabitants thought that the Spaniards were asking what they were building. The men answered
“Bakood”. It was then pronounced in Spanish as “Bacoor” by the soldiers and was soon officially called “Bacoor”.
 In the aftermath of the Philippine Revolution which coincided with the declaration of the first Philippine independence
on June 12, 1898, Bacoor was designated as the first capital of the Philippine Revolutionary government by Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo until it was transferred to Malolos, Bulacan. “Gargano” was then the revolutionary name assigned to Bacoor
by Aguinaldo’s revolutionaries.
 During World War II, occupation troops from the Japanese Imperial armed forces entered the towns in Bacoor in 1942
during the Japanese Invasion. From 1942 to 1945, numerous Caviteño men and women joined the strong group of the
recognized guerrillas under the Cavite Guerrilla Unit (CGU) and the Filipino-American Cavite Guerrilla Forces
(FACGF) led by Colonel Mariano Castañeda and Colonel Francisco Guerero of the 2nd Infantry Regiment, FAGCF in
the towns of Bacoor and arrival by the local Filipino soldiers under the ongoing 41st and the pre-war 4th and 42nd
Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army during the Japanese Occupation.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The City of Bacoor (Filipino: Lungsod ng Bacoor or Siyudad ng Bacoor) is a first class urban component city in the
province of Cavite, Philippines. It is a lone congressional district of Cavite. A sub-urban area, the city is located
approximately 15 kilometers southwest of Manila, on the southeastern shore of Manila Bay, at the northwest portion of
the province with an area of 52.4 square kilometers. Bordered to the east by Las Piñas City and Muntinlupa City in
Metro Manila, to the south is Dasmariñas, to the west are Kawit and Imus and to the north by Bacoor Bay an inlet of
Manila Bay. Bacoor’s is separated from Las Piñas by the Zapote River and from Imus and Kawit by Bacoor River.
 According to the 2010 census of population conducted by the National Statistics Office, Bacoor has a population of
520,216 making it the second most populous community in the province after Dasmariñas. It also registered the highest
average family income in Cavite in 1997 and 2000.
Products and Services
 Bacoor has developed into a site of commerce. Trade, banking and service sectors are Bacoor’s primary income earners.
Commercial activities are sporadic throughout the city ranging from wholesale to retail establishments, restaurants and
eateries, hardware and construction supplies and other service-related industries, especially those located in SM City
Bacoor where it serves as the city’s main income earner. The mostly residential area of Molino is also home to SM
Center Molino at the corner of Molino Road and Daang Hari. The entrance area from the Coastal Road to Aguinaldo
Highway in Talaba and the area surrounding the Zapote Public Market (now the Bacoor Public Market) are other
commercial centers. Bacoor has branches of 11 different commercial banks all over the city.
 Some of their natural industry includes crops and fishponds, salt productions, fishing and oyster and mussel culture.

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 Business Opportunity
Hotels and restobars plaque the city as they offer accommodations to the tourists who usually pass in the city. Perfect
businesses to put in the city are restaurants, hotels and other businesses that offer leisure activities.
Tourist Spots
 Bacoor City is not really a tourist destination. It is actually one of the less visited places when it comes in tourism in the
country. There are travelers who used the city as the passing area to some of the often visited cities such as Manila,
Makati and Baguio.
 But still the city continues to attract tourist through their hotels and restobars.
Cavite City
“International Transport Hub of the Future”
City is a fourth class city in the province of Cavite. The city is a hook shaped peninsula jutting out into Manila Bay.
History
 Cavite City was given royal encomienda or land grant on May 16, 1571 by the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de
Legazpi, which was named Cavite la Punta. Cavite la Punta was christened Cavite el Puerto also known as Cavite
Nuevo, when the Spaniards discovered that Cavite la Punta was a suitable place for the repair and construction of their
ships and galleons. Puerto de Cavite was linked to the history of world trade. Spanish galleons sailed every July to
Acapulco, Mexico.
 At the height of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, which made Puerto de Cavite the point of entry and departure of
Spanish galleons that brought many foreign travelers on its shores, Puerto de Cavite was fondly called “Ciudad de Oro
Macizo” meaning the “City of Solid Gold”. The Chinese emperor at one time sent some of his men to this place to
search for gold.
Population/ Language/ Area
Cavite City is located on the coastal area of Cavite Province fronting Manila Bay. Around 35 kilometers away from
Manila, the city occupies a small peninsula that is shaped like a hand stretched out into Manila Bay. It is bounded on the
north and west by Manila Bay, on the east by Bacoor and Canacao Bay, and on the south by the towns of Kawit and
Noveleta. Including Corregidor Island, total land area is about 20 square kilometers.
Products and Services
Fishing is the most important source of income for most of the people. Farming is also a major economic activity.
Products include rice, rootcrops and vegetables. As in many other small cities of the Philippines, manufacturing is limited
to small shops producing dresses, bakery products, home decors, and handicrafts. Tourism is another important source of
livelihood for the people. At the city center, wholesale and retail are the most prevalent business establishment.
Business Opportunity
The city aims to promote aquaculture in support of the One Town, One Product (OTOP) program of the national
government. The production of mussels and oysters is recommended. Processing them into exportable items right in the
city should be encouraged in order to have more value added. Other businesses to put up are hotels and resorts.
Biotechnology ventures with a focus on the development of the marine resources of the province can be undertaken. The
plan to convert Sangley poit into an international logistics hub presents opportunities for businesses to flourish in this city.
Dasmariñas City, Cavite
“The Industrial Giant of the CALABARZON”
Dasmariñas City was known to be the wealthiest local government unit in the province of Cavite according to the 2006
Commission on Audit report. It was also the only municipality in the entire Philippines that had both SM and Robinsons
Mall, before it became a city.
History
 According to Agustin de la Cavada in his Historia Geografica, Geologica y Estadistica de Filipinas, this town started as a
barrio of Imus and it was made into an independent municipality in 1867. The Spanish government named the town of
Perez Dasmariñas in honor of Don Perez Dasmariñas who was the Governor General of the Islands from 1590 to 1593.
Chinese oarsmen whom he had hired murdered him. His son, Don Luis Perez Dasmariñas also lost his life in the hands of
the Chinese in 1603. Don Gomez Dasmariñas was well remembered because he was the one who ordered complete
fortification of Intramuros and the construction of Fort Santiago.
 On April 9, 1864, a council made of the Archbishop of Manila, the politico military governor of Cavite, the Prior
Provincial of the Augustinian Recollect Order and the parish priest of Imus met to discuss the creation of a new town and
parish separated from Imus, which eventually became the town of Perez Dasmariñas. On May 12, 1864, the Gobierno
Civil Superior of the Islands approved the creation of the new town while Her Most Catholic Majesty Queen Isabela II of
Spain signed the Royal Order creating the new parish of Perez-Dasmariñas on October 21, 1866. The town of Perez

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 Dasmariñas was founded by the Recollect Fathers in the year 1867 under the patronage of the Immaculate Conception
whose feast day is celebrated on December 8. Perez Dasmariñas was formerly a “visita” of Imus that was also founded
by the Recollect Fathers in 1795. According to records, the first settlers must have arrived in 1861 and were believed to
be the families of Gil Tirona, Vicente Guevarra, Eleuterio Geda and Eustaquio Paulino.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Dasmariñas City is about 8,234 hectares, 12 kilometers from Metro Manila or the National Capital Region and 27
kilometers south of the center of the City of Manila. It is bounded by the city of Imus and the municipality of Silang,
both in Cavite at the north and south respectively, at the east by the towns of San Pedro and Biñan by the side of Laguna
and Carmona and at the west, it is bounded by General Trias, also in Cavite and a little further from this boundary is
Trece Martires City.
 The city has a total population of 575,817 according to the 2010 census population.
Products and Services
 The city of Dasmariñas is one of the fastest growing local government units in the province of Cavite. Numerous
commercial establishments, which include major shopping malls, fast foods, groceries, convenient stores, restaurants
and other service-oriented businesses, are mostly concentrated in the City Centre and the Central Business District.
Industrial establishments are located in the outskirts of the city. It has the greatest number of universities in the
province.
 From an agricultural-based economy, the town of Dasmariñas has evolved into a highly urbanized, commercialized and
industrialized city. It now boasts of three industrial estates, namely: First Cavite Industrial Estate (FCIE) in Barangay
Langkaan, Dasmariñas Technopark located in Barangay Paliparan I and NHA Industrial Park in Bagong Bayan. Aside
from these industrial areas, there are 240 other factories/business establishments scattered in the different barangays that
sum up to a total of 309 operational industries in the city. Dasmariñas is home to hundreds of thousands of residents
who occupy the more than 70 residential subdivisions in the city. It also serves as a haven to investors with its industrial
estates and diverse pool of manpower. The rapid growth of the city’s population near universities, industrial estates and
factories provides a ready market for real estate ventures such as subdivisions, apartments and other support services. Its
infrastructure projects involving major road construction and widening support the city in its functional role as one of
the residential, commercial, industrial and university centers of Cavite. To protect its environment, Dasmariñas has
adopted its Luntiang Dasmariñas program, which envisioned to plant 100,000 seedlings planted over the town during
the year 2000.
Tourist Spots
Tourist spots in Dasmariñas City include:
 Kadiwa Park  Museo De La Salle
 Volet’s Hotel and Resort  Double V Resort
 Kalipayan Resort  Fisher’s Farm Resort
 Qubo Qabana  Antler’s Hotel and Resort
 KidzWorld  Swiss Resort
Imus City, Cavite
History
 The city of Imus was formerly part of the Cavite el Viej0 (now Kawit), and was under the parish church of the Jesuits
during the administration of the Archdiocese of Manila Archbishop Miguel Garcia Serrano in 1618-1629. After that, the
Augustinian Recollects established a parish church in Imus, now known as Bayang Luma. That was a great help for the
people living in Imus because for century and a half, they endured the long walk of 4.5 kilometers just to attend religious
services and other transactions to the nearest city proper.
 Imus was also the place for the unfurling of the Philippine Flag during the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898 against the
Spanish colonizers. That battle was a major victory for the Philippines under the command of General Emilio Aguinaldo
during the Philippine Revolution which eventually lead to the declaration of Philippine Independence from Spain on June
12, 1898.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The city has a total population of 301,624 as of 2010.
 Imus City covers a total land area of 6,470 ha (16,000 acres) or 64.70 km2 (24.98 sq mi), approximately 6.8% of the
total land area of the province of Cavite, which is 1,427.06 square kilometers (550.99 sq mi).The almost rectangular
inland city of Cavite is bounded by the municipalities of Kawit and Noveleta to the north, and General Trias to the west;
by the cities of Bacoor to the east and Dasmariñas to the south.

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 The city is located near the Metropolitan Manila area, just 21 kilometers (13 mi) south of Manila. With the continuous
expansion of Metro Manila, this local government unit is now included in the Greater Manila area, which reaches Lipa
City in its southernmost part.
Products and Services
With a comfortable 18 km distance from Metro Manila, Imus serves as a favorable site for industrial establishments such
as the 200-hectare (490-acre) Imus Informal Industrial Estate and Anabu Hills Industrial Estate. Corporations that are
100% Filipino-owned such as Annie’s Candy Manufacturing, Inc., CKL Industries and Liwayway Mktg. Corp. Factories
of partly Filipino-owned corporations such as Champan Garment Corp., Hayag Motorworks & Machine Shop and San
Miguel-Yamamura Asia Corp. and foreign-owned corporations such as EDS MFG, Inc., which produces automotive
wiring harness and Frontline Garments Corp., can be found in Imus. Imus is also the home of the Anabu Handmade Paper
Products, a producer of handmade paper and paper products.
Business Opportunity
Investors will find an atmosphere conducive to business and a climate of optimism and buoyancy in Imus. Eighteen major
industrial establishments with a total capitalization of 1.311 billion pesos have established their base at the Imus Informal
Industrial Estate providing local employment to an estimated 13,478 people as of December 1998. Located just along the
stretch of the General Emilio Aguinaldo Highway, the 200-hectare informal industrial estate houses manufacturing
companies owned by foreign and Filipino investors. Imus has ventured to the export of automotive wire harness and
electrical components, acrylic sheets and lighting fixtures, processed foods, shellcraft, bamboo, rattan and woodcraft,
furniture, garments and novelty items to other countries. The implementation of the strategic Daang Hari Road will further
augment the development of Imus. Several subdivisions and mass housing projects and the establishment of factories and
small-scale industries in many of its barangays haveresulted in a movement of population into the city.
Tourist Spots
Imus Historical Museum – there are moving tableus inside the museum which relive historical scenes with realistic life-
sized figures in the recreated settings.
Imus Cathedral – made up of stones and bricks, this church were built under Fr. Nicolas Becerra, OAR, who served from
1821 to 1840.
Tagaytay City, Cavite
Tagaytay City is a component city in the province of Cavite, Philippines. It is considered as one of the country’s most
popular tourist destination due to its cool climate. The city overlooks the Taal Lake in Batangas and gives one of the
iconic views of the Philippines.
History
 When the Philippine Revolution broke up, Tagaytay became a place of refuge and hideaway for revolutionaries of the
nearby provinces of Batangas and Laguna and other neighboring towns of masilao (now Amadeo), Malabon Grande
(now Gen. Trias), Silang, Dasmariñas, Mendez and Indang. The place, with its wide expanse of forests, made it a
perfect sanctuary and pursuit place for the Katipuneros. Because of that, the Katipuneros used to call the place as
“Mananagaytay” which means traversing the ridges of Tagaytay.
 On June 21, 1938, Tagaytay became a chartered city with the passage and signing by the late President Manuel L.
Quezon of Commonwealth Act No. 338, a bill authored by Rep. Justiniano S. Montano of Cavite.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Tagaytay City has a total land area of 66.1 km2 (26 sq mi) which represents about 4.37% of the total area of the
Province of Batangas. It lies within 120° 56′ longitude and 14° 6′ latitude and overlooks Manila Bay to the North, Taal
Volcano and Lake to the south and Laguna de Bay to the east.
 The southern and eastern portions of Tagaytay City are covered by hills and mountains which is generally forests and
open grasslands. The city lies along Tagaytay Ridge, a ridge stretching about 32 kilometres (20 mi) from Mount
Batulao in the west to Mount Sungay (now People’s Park in the Sky) in the east with elevations averaging about 610
metres (2,000 ft) above sea level.Mount Sungay, in Tagaytay, is the highest point of the province of Cavite at 709
metres (2,326 ft).
 The city’s total population is 61,623. Its night time population is the same with its daytime population since the city
does not have any university or industrial park that encourages a different situation. Most of the residents of Tagaytay
(93.58%) speak the Tagalog language. The second most used dialect in Tagaytay is Bicolano, which is spoken by
1.52% of the residents.

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 Tourist Spots
Tagaytay Picnic Grove – this is a large park in Tagaytay. main feature of this park are the huts and tables used for picnic.
It also has a ground for horseback ridding, an eco-trail boardwalk, a zipline and cable cars. From the place, a view of the
Taal Volcano can be seen.
Trece Martires City, Cavite
History
 The city was named after the Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite, who were judged of rebellion and were executed by the
Spaniards on September 12, 1896 during the Philippine Revolution.
 Trece Martires was the one of the largest and remotest barrios in Cavite. It’s name was Quinta or Quintana, which
served as part of the municipality of Tanza, Cavite. It was then organized into a city May 24, 1954, which was
approved by President Ramon Magsaysay.
Population/ Language/ Area
Trece Martires City is located in the center of the Province of Cavite. Tanza town bound it in the north and west, Amadeo
and Indang in the south, and General Trias in the east. It is about 48.3 km from Manila, which is an hour ride by a car.
As of 2010, the total population of the city is 104,559.
Business Opportunity
 Trece Martires evolved from an economy that features agriculture as the major source of economy into an
industrialized and commercialized.
 One of the city’s major source of income comes from the real property taxes. The city is also noted for its cleanliness
and the absence of any form of gambling.
 With its small land area and its income, the city is fairly manageable in terms of public works, infrastructure and
provision of basic services to the residents.
Biñan City, Laguna
“Trading and Commerce Center of the South”
History
 Captain Juan de Salcedo discovered and founded Biñan at the end of June 1571, a month after Miguel Lopez de Legaspi
established Manila when he explored the largest freshwater lake in the Philippines and second in Asia (Laguna de Bay).
 When the seat of the provincial government of the Provincia dela Laguna de Bay was moved from Bay to Pagsanjan in
1688, Biñan separated from its mother town Tabuco (now the city of Cabuyao).
 In 1791, during the time of Pablo Faustino, Santa Rosa separated from Biñan. The following year, January 15 Sta Rosa
de Lima was established and became an independent town.
 Historically, Biñan is nationally recognized in the books related to the biography of José Rizal, the country’s national
hero. It was in June 1869 when José Rizal as a young boy went to Biñan with his brother Paciano. They proceeded to
his aunt’s house near the town proper where they were to be lodged. Here, his first formal education was entrusted to
Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz who after a year and a half of tutelage advised young Rizal to continue higher
education in Manila. In honor of José Rizal, a plaque of recognition was bestowed on the house where he stayed at. A
monument now stands at the center of Biñan’s town plaza in recognition of Biñan’s affiliation to Rizal.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The total population of the city as of 2010 is 283,396.
 Biñan City has a land area of 43.50 km2 (16.80 sq mi), about 34 kilometres (21 mi) south of Manila. It is bounded on
the north by San Pedro on the south by Santa Rosa City and on the west by Carmona, Cavite. On the eastern and
northern horizon lies the Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the country.
Products and Services
 The city is also known for a type of pancake made from rice flour, topped with cheese or butter (Puto Biñan). The best
known makers of Puto in Biñan City are located in the barangay of San Vicente, that’s why the city is renowned for as
“The Home of the Famous Puto Biñan in Laguna”.
 This city is also known for the shoes and slippers manufactured in Barangay Dela Paz and Malaban. While in Barangay
Platero you will find the manufacturer of hats or the so called “Sumbrero”.
Business Opportunity
Biñan City has been popularly recognized as the trading center area immediately south of Metro Manila. The city has the
largest public market in the province of Laguna, and in the CALABARZON Region. Retailers from nearby towns often
plow the city proper to purchase goods and merchandise intended to be sold elsewhere. Biñan City has also been the
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center of commerce in the region because of the numerous banking institutions across the city, plus the ever-growing
number of commercial establishments and emerging shopping centers.
Tourist Spots
 The city is notable for its popular summer destination, Splash Island, the Philippines’ premiere water recreation
themepark. It is located at Barangay San Francisco, accessible via South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) through
Southwoods Exit.
 Tibagan Falls, located in Barangay Malamig, is known as one of the locations for a film shooting featuring the
Hollywood Action star Chuck Norris.
 Pavilion Mall, managed by Ayala Malls, is located in between Barangay San Antonio and Barangay Santo Niño. Biñan
Central Mall, located at the busy intersection in the city’s uptown, is the newest mall in the city which had its soft-
opening on September 9, 2011. José Rizal Monument Plaza, in downtown Biñan, is the major landmark of the city,
which is beside the San Isidro Labrador Parish Church which is also beside the old municipal hall, and the public
market.
Cabuyao City, Laguna
“Golden Bell City”
Cabuyao City was known before as the “Richest Municipality in the Philippines”. This was due to the fact of the large
imigrants who work in the city. There are also lots of industrial estates in the city which include Nestle Philippines, Asia
Brewery, Inc., San Miguel Corporation, Tanduay Distillers, Inc., Wyeth Philippines, Inc., Procter and Gamble Philippines,
Light Industry and Science Park of the Philippines and Malayan Colleges.
History
 After the colonization of Manila by Miguel López de Legazpi in 1570, he instructed Captain Juan de Salcedo to
conquer all settlements or barangays around the lake of Ba-i (Laguna de Bay). The first settlement conquered by Capt.
Juan de Salcedo was on the eastern portion of the lake, known today as Taytay and Cainta in the province of Rizal.
Then, he crossed the lake of Ba-i and Acheron at Barangay Pinagsangahan, which is Pagsanjan today, and continued
inland and conquered other settlements, known today as Nagcarlan and Majayjay. Because the place was already
mountainous, the party of Capt. Juan de Salcedo went back to the Lake of Ba-i and continued to conquer the
settlements in the northern portion of Lake Ba-i, now called the town of Bay. In their journey, they anchored at the
shore of Tabuko. Just like the settlement of Ba-i, Tabuko had large plain area and rich forestry and the climate was
suited to farm crops. On January 16, 1571, it was announced by Miguel Lopez de Legaspi that Tabuko be considered
as “encomienda” or a town under Gaspar Ramirez. And that the settlement or barangay Malabanan, Calamba and Sta.
Rosa be under the administration of Tabuko government. This was the time that Tabuko had a definite boundary. The
boundary at the north was Tunasan, south was Ba-i, west was Sungay and at the east was Lake Ba-i.
 The town of Tabuko was located near the corner of a river and the lake of Ba-i which used bancas or raft as the
common means of transportation going to Tabuko. When Franciscan priests came to Tabuko under Father Velin, there
were many native females doing their laundry chore near the wharf where the boat of the Franciscan priests docked.
There were many trees of “Kabuyaw”, the fruit of which was used as shampoo, growing around the area. When the
priest asked for the name of the place, the native females readily answered “Kabuyaw” thinking that the priest was
asking for the name of the trees growing around the wharf. From then on, the priests and other Spanish officials called
the town of Tabuko as Kabuyaw.
Population/ Language/ Area
 According to the 2010 population census, Cabuyao City has a total population of 248,436. It has a total land area of
43.30 km2 (16.72 sq mi).
 The City of Cabuyao is located about 43 kilometres (27 mi) southeast of Metro Manila, at the western portion of
Laguna. It is bordered by the Laguna de Bay, the country’s largest lake, to the north (N), Calamba City to the east (E)
with Barangays Uwisan (NE), Banlic & San Cristobal (E) and Mapagong & Canlubang (SE), some portion of Silang,
Cavite (Brgy. Puting Kahoy) to the south (S) and by the Santa Rosa City to the west (W) with the Barangays Malitlit
(SW), Dita (W) and Caingin (NW) respectively. Cabuyao is approximately 54 kilometres (34 mi) away from Santa
Cruz, the provincial capital, and 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) from the city center of Calamba City, the chartered city and
regional center of CALABARZON region.

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 Tourist Spots
Batingaw Festival – A festivity commemorating the legendary Kampanang Ginto which Cabuyao is known.The
celebration always starts with the simultaneous ringing of church bells, which Cabuyeños believe that it brings good
agricultural harvest.
Cabuyao Day – It consists a week long celebration starting from a Parade of Floats of each barangay, in which the
decorations of each float feature and showcase the way of living of the community of each barangay of Cabuyao.
Followed by Street Dancing Competition at the City Proper, in which all College and High Schools compete for the said
competition. The celebration also includes different amateur shows like Orchestra, Music Band and Celebrity shows at the
City Plaza.
San Pablo City, Laguna
“City of Seven Lakes”
Surrounded by the seven lakes of San Pablo, Lake Sampaloc; Lake Palakpakin; Lake Bunot; Lakes Pandin and Yambo;
Lake Muhikap and Lake Calibato, San Pablo City is considered as City of Seven Lakes.
History
 San Pablo City, together with the four large barrios, was a part of the Sampaloc. When the Spaniards came, around
1571 under the troops of CAptain Juan de Salcedo, Sampaloc was converted into parish and became a municipality in
1647 and was remaned “San Pablo de Los Montes” to horo their patron Saint Paul the First Hermit. However in 1576,
it was placed under the jurisdiction of Batangas province but was returned to Laguna in 1883.
 The pople of San Pablo continued to work not only for their city’s progress but also for their independence from the
province of Laguna, all hoping to be an independent city. It was until May 7, 1940 that the San Pablo was converted
into an independent city signed by President Manuel L. Quezon.
 The city was inaugurated on March 30, 1941, with Dr. Potenciano Malvar, a former governor of Laguna, as the city
mayor appointed by president Manuel L. Quezon. Succeeding him 1941 as an appointed mayor was Dr. Manuel
Quisumbing, in turn followed by Tomas D. Dizon in 1943 as an appointed mayor. The succeeding mayors were elected
after 1955.
Population/ Language/ Area
By land area, San Pablo City is the largest in the province of Laguna. By population, it ranks fifth within the province.
San Pablo City has a total population of 248,890 as of 2010 and a total land area of the city reaches up to 197.60 km2
(76.29 sq mi).
Products and Services
 The city’s main product is coconut. The city is also known for its buko pie where the coconut used to make these are
mainly products of the city.
 San Pablo City is home to showrooms, marketing, and parts/servicing centers of Honda Cars Laguna; Ford San Pablo;
Isuzu San Pablo; Hyundai San Pablo; Mitsubishi (SFM) San Pablo; Nissan Southwoods-San Pablo; and Toyota San
Pablo.
Business Opportunity
With coconut industry that continues to flourish in the city, it is never too late to invest a business that is related to it.
Tourist Spots
 Philippines Waterfalls Restaurants
 Villa Escudero Plantations – 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of working coconut plantation and hacienda located 10
kilometres (6.2 mi) south of the city of San Pablo, Laguna province on the border with Quezon province in the
Philippines. Since 1981, the plantation has opened its doors as a resort offering village tours, museum tour, food and
accommodations. It has developed a worldwide reputation as a focal point to experience Philippine culture and history
in a beautiful rural setting.
 Lake SampalocLake Sampaloc – nearly half of the lake’s depth has a shallow depression at the lake’s bottom, indicating
its volcanic origin. The lake is located behind San Pablo city hall and is dotted with fishpens and small cottages built on
stilts.
 Lake Pandin and Yambo – Pandin Lake is considered oligotrophic because of the abundant plant and fish life while
Yambo Lake is like Pandin Lake which is also suitable for swimming, outings, and picnics.
Celebrations and Festivals
Coco Festival – The festival consists of Street dancing, float parade, street concerts, nightly programs before the city fiesta
and some other important events like the yearly “Mutya at Lakan ng San Pablo”.

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Santa Rosa City, Laguna
History
 It was in the year 1571 that the grandson of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, Juan de Salcedo discovered the town of Biñan
and other barrios while exploring the region of Laguna de Bay.
 In 1688, Biñan together with other barrios separated from Cabuyao. The name of Santa Rosa at that time was Barrio
Bukol. After many attempts to rename the place and to establish it as an independent town, Bukol was politically
emancipated as the municipality of Santa Rosa on January 15, 1792. It was named as Santa Rosa, after Saint Rose of
Lima.
 During the post-war era, until the 1970s, the townspeople were largely dependent on basic agriculture and family-
owned enterprises for livelihood. The influence of industrialization slowly took shape in the 1980s with the entry of
local and foreign investors who were instrumental in the fast-pace economic and social transformation of the town and
the province.
Population/ Language/ Area
The people in Santa Rosa mainly speaks Tagalog as their language. Total population as of 2010 reached up to 284,670, all
living within a land area of 54.13 km2 (20.90 sq mi). The western portion of the city occupies the numerous commercial,
industrial, and business establishments, while the northern portion is primarily composed of residential areas and
subdivisions, schools, industrial zones and various business establishments.
Business Opportunity
Santa Rosa was initially known for the Coca-Cola and Toyota manufacturing plants in its industrial estates. Recently, it
has also become popular for being the site of Enchanted Kingdom, a local theme park, as well as several housing
developments. This city contains the 3rd largest complex in Laguna, Paseo de Santa Rosa. Santa Rosa became a city by
virtue of Republic Act No. 9264, which was ratified by its residents on July 10, 2004.
Tourist Spots
Enchanted Kingdom – this is a world-class theme park opened on July 28, 1995. Located at RSBS Blvd., San Lorenzo
South, Balibago in Santa Rosa, right in front of Villa De Toledo and Dominican College of Sta. Rosa.
EK Biki WaterWorld – Is a first world-class inflatable water park in the Philippines. It has a variety of six giant inflatable
swimming pools with water slides, games and rides that families can enjoy in a safe and hygienic water environment.
Festivals and Celebrations
Sikhayan Festival – held every January 18th. The event highlights the four evolution of the town from aquatic, agriculture,
professional and to a industrial progressive city.
Lucena City, Quezon
History
 Before it became a very successful city, Lucena was but a barrio of Tayabas town, then the capital of Tayabas
province. The place was explored by Captain Juan de Salcedo in 1571 and 1572. The barrio was organized by the
Franciscan missionaries. According to some of the Spanish records, Lucena was called before as “Cotta” (“kuta” in
Tagalog). That was because of the existence of cottas or strong forts along the coast of Lucena, even though these forts
are no longer in existence in today’s Lucena City. These forts were used by the natives at that time to defend
themselves against the attacks of the Muslim piratical raids. Finally, on November 5, 1878, due to the Orden Real
Superior Civil, the community was named as “Lucena”. Almost a year after that, Lucena became an independent
municipality. The growth of local maritine trade facilitated in the Cotta port and the final defeat of Moro pirates,
afforded the growth of Lucena as a town which eventually led to its being the capital of Tayabas province.
 On December 27, 1941, Lucena was occupied by the Japanese Forces as World War II started. Then on January 25,
1945, the Hunter ROTC guerillas of Lucena succeeded in driving out the Japanese forces in their town. And on April 4,
1945, Quezon province gained independence.
 Lucena was only made as a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 3271 on June 17, 1961 and inaugurated on
August 19, 1962 during the 84th birthday anniversary of the late President Manuel L. Quezon. Today, Lucena is
already a highly urbanized city with a goal of becoming an Economic Zone.
Population/ Language/ Area
In 2010, Lucena City had a total population of 246,392, in 44,952 households with an annual population growth rate of
2.12%. The predominant language used is Tagalog, followed by Bicol dialect, Masbateño and other migrant’s dialect.
Products and Services
Lucena city is famous for its coconut crops and rice varieties.

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Business Opportunity
With enough available power from Pagbilao, heavy industries like iron and steel, metal fabrication, chemicals,
shipbuilding, paper products, and automotive and parts are recommended. Small and medium enterprises, however, are
the most viable businesses to put up in Lucena City.
Tourist Spots
 Botanical Garden & Arboretum
 Dalahican Beach Resort
 Orchids Country Farm
 South Waters Marina & Country Club
Festivals and Celebrations
The Feast of San Isidro Labrador – This feast is celebrated every May 15 of the year, in honor of the farmer’s patron Saint
as thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest. The festivity is very colorful, as houses are decorated with all sorts of fruits,
candies, food crops and colored “Kiping” that is made out of rice.
Pasayahan sa Lucena – The festival is celebrated on May 27 to 29 annually, patterned after a Mardi Gras Festival in Rio
de Janeiro with dancing, singing and merry-making on the street.
Ugat Lucena – This is celebrated on the eve of the City Fiesta, in commemoration of its original townsfolk who have
already settled abroad tracing ones family origin, old friends and neighbors.
City Fiesta – The Fiesta is celebrated every May 30 of the year, in honor of Saint Ferdinand. Other festivities also includes
Lucena’s version of Ati-Atihan, Igorot Cañao, Mascara Festival, Muslim Wedding, Moriones Festival, Penagbenga
Flower Festival, Santacruzan and Pista sa Nayon.
Tayabas City, Quezon
“The City of Festivals”
History
 Even before the Spaniards came to the country, the natives of Tayabas was already organized into barangays headed by
the village chiefs and councils of elders. It was when the Spaniards came that the place was properly organized into
pueblo and church.
 In more than three centuries of Spanish occupation, only eight cities and towns were given the title of Villa, and
Tayabas was one of them. These are La Villa del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus de Cebu in 1565, La Villa de Santiago de
Libon (Albay, 1573), La Villa Fernandina de Vigan (Ilocos, 1574), La Villa Rica de Arevalo (Iloilo, 1581), La Noble
Villa de Pila (Laguna, 1610), La Muy Noble Villa de Tayabas, (Tayabas, 1703), La Villa de Bacolor (Pampanga,
1765), La Villa de Lipa (Batangas, 1887). Interestingly, that Tayabas was given the title of ‘most noble’ villa even
before it became the provincial capital shows its importance even before 1779.
 On March 18, 2007, Republic Act No. 9398, An Act Converting the Municipality of Tayabas in the Province of
Quezon into a Component City to be known as City of Tayabas, was enacted into law. On July 14, 2007, the
municipality held a plebiscite to ratify the conversion of the said act, with the residents voting in favor of the move,
although there was a low turnout of voters for the plebiscite.
 But years after that, the cityhood of Tayabas and of other 15 cities were lost after the Supreme Court decided to get it
from them because it didn’t reach the qualifications for cityhood.
 But on August 24, 2010, in a 16-page resolution, the Supreme Court reinstated its November 18, 2008 decision striking
down the Cityhood lawsmaking Tayabas a municipality again.
 The most recent development in the legal battle surrounding the “League of 16” came on February 15, 2011. Voting 7-
6, the Supreme Court ruled that the 16 towns can stay as cities. It is the fourth time that the Supreme Court ruled on the
case, and the third reversal, something that is unprecedented in its history. It said the conversion of the 16 towns into
cities met all legal requirements.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Tayabas City recorded a total population of 91,428.
 Located at the southeastern foothills of Mount Banahaw, Tayabas is bounded on the north by the town of Lucban, on
the east by Atimonan, on the south by Lucena City and Pagbilao, and on the west by Sariaya. The city occupies a total
land area of 230.95 km2 (89.17 sq mi).
 The city has a total land area of 301 square kilometers, most of which are rural areas devoted to agriculture.
Products and Services
 Tayabas is known for its weaving industry. Other cottage industries include production of lambanog wine, macapuno
candy, furniture and automotive shops.
 Agricultural products include rice, coconut, root crops, and vegetables.

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 Business Opportunity
The city is a potential spot for small and medium enterprises which include coconut processing like virgin coconut oil and
oleochemicals, essential oil and fragrances, furniture and fixture, hotels and resorts, cacao and coffee production and
processing and demonstration farms.
Tourist Spots
Nawawalang Paraiso Hotel and Resort – this is a perfect paradise for travelers and vacationists. From the resort is the
view of the Mt. Banahaw.
Mainit Hot Spring – is a natural converted into wadding pools, bathtubs, and swimming pool for therapy and relaxation.
Festivals and Celebrations
Mayohan sa Tayabas – a stellar attraction during month of May where a grand, colorful and folsky Parada ang Baliskog
welcomes a guest to Mayohan Festival. “kog” means arc, a welcome arc. A display of baliskog made indigenous materials
like coco leaf, coco husk, bamboo poles, buli, rattan, dried flowers and tistis fiiled the streets of Tayabas and joyously
welcome visitors and the summer season.Mayohan Festival ranks as major festival in the region. It continually draws
large number of crowd since it started in 1989.
Hagisan ng Suman Festival – “Suman” is the ritual gift of Hagisan wherein the natives have the opportunity to share their
prosperity. As soon as the image of San Isidro passes by, the bagakay must be emptied of its colourful array of abundance,
which aside from suman, includes banana, mango, buko, pineapple and other local farm produce. In most houses, suman
and other farm produce are no longer tied in bagakay, they simply throw them with passion and great enthusiasm from
their decks, balconies, or windows to the multitudes of peasants and workers. Hagisan means throwing or sharing away.
Taytsinoy Festival – as part of Chinese New Year, Tayabas City celebrates this festival as the city’s way of building a
national relationship to Chinese society. Aligned with this were some Chinese activities being adopted by Tayabenses and
contests like Chinese Garter Contest, Kiamoy Eating Contest, Chopstikan ng Pancit Habhab, Binibining Taytsinoy, and a
lot more. The highlight of the event was the Dragon and Chinese Presentation in Parke Rizal and Pagdalaw ng Leon at ng
Dragon at Tayabas Poblacion wherein all people undeniably enjoyed, especially the children.The four days celebration
embodying numerous events greatly gave bunch of fun to all Tayabenses and guests. Ultimate learning, awareness of the
Chinese culture and tradition, and endless merriment were being brought out by the municipality.
Antipolo City, Rizal
“The Pilgrimage City”
History
 Antipolo City was named after tipolo (breadfruit) tree, which was in abundance in the area. It was the Franciscan
missionaries who first build the church in the area, in 1578. However they were replaced by the Jesuits. These new
missionaries were the one who helped organized the village into a parish. By 1601, the Christian population of Antipolo
increased to 3,000 due to the people of Dumagat who came and lived in the area.
 In 1650, the village was organized into a town and became part of Tondo Province. When the province was divided in
1853, Antipolo became a part of the District of San Mateo de los Montes, which later became the District of Morong.
When the Americans came on June 4, 1899, the Revolutionary Government then transferred Morong’s capital to Tanay.
Soon after, the Americans established a civil government in 1901 which was handled by Valentin Sumulong who served
as the first municipal president. On June 11, 1901, Antipolo was incorporated into the newly established Province of
Rizal, which included the towns of Morong District and Manila Province. In 1903, Antipolo, Boso-Boso and teresa were
merged. The town’s territory was expanded again in 1913 to add the sitios of Mayamot and Bulao; just to lose Teresa six
years later to become an independent municipality. The Manila Railroad Company inaugurated a railway service to
Antipolo on December 24, 1908.
 On February 13, 1998 (along with Parañaque, Former Pres. Fidel V. Ramos signed Republic Act No. 8508, making the
Municipality of Antipolo into a component city of Rizal Province and on April 4, 1998, it was ratified in a plebiscite. In
the election that followed, Angelito Gatlabayan was elected as its first city mayor.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Antipolo City had a total population of 677,741 with the average population density of 2,214.12/km2
(5,734.5/sq mi). Antipoleños are dominantly Tagalogs, Roman Catholics and Filipino/English speaking people. The city
has 96.5% (2000 Census) literacy rate. One Percent (1%) of Antipolo’s population is Dumagats (indigenous people).
 The topography of Antipolo may be described as generally hilly and mountainous, the hilly portions lying in the west and
the mountainous area concentrated in the east as part of the Sierra Madre Mountain Range. Well-watered valleys are
located in the middle of the city and in the northern and southern edges. Plateaus of over 200 meters above sea level are
seen in the western half of the study area, including the site of the Poblacion and portions of Brgy. Cupang and San Juan.
In the eastern half, these are seen in Brgys. Calawis and San Jose overlooking the Boso-Boso River Valley to the west.

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 Business Opportunity
The city is an ideal place to build resorts, retirement subdivisions, and mass housing. Commercial complexes are needed
considering the large population and the influx of tourists. The eastern mountainous areas can be developed as upland
demonstration farms for bamboo, fruit and vegetable plantations.
Tourist Spots
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage – a Old BosoBoso Church
pilgrimage site especially during month of May Via Dolorosa
Hinulugang Taktak Falls Forest Hills Golf and Country Club
Pacem Ecopark – home to different species of birds and
butterflies
Festivals and Celebrations
Ang Tipulo Festival – this is celebrated every May 1st which showcases the culture of Antipoleños and their local
delicacies namely suman (sweetened steamed rice), mangoes, and kusay (cashew) as well as the Hamaka (hammock)
which is the early mode of tradition of Antipoleños.
Alay Lakad – this is celebrated every Maundy Thursday and April 30-May1, where millions of devotees flock to Antipolo
as a form of penance for the Holy Week and from the evening of April 30 until dawn of May 1. This annual event every
April 30 begins with a procession of the image of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage from Quiapo Church going to the
Antipolo Cathedral.
Kapitanes at Kapitanas – every Holy Week, Antipolo City has a tradition dating back to 1920’s wherein two pairs of
young Antipoleños are chosen to lead the faithful in the activities during Holy Week. The 1st pair: Kapitan Uno carries
the Pontifical Emblem and Kapitana Uno carries the paschal Candle. The 2nd pair: Kapitan Dos, carries the Flag of the
Church.
Calamba City, Laguna
History
 The oldest part of Calamba is believed to be Barangay Sucol where its first settlers remained. With the arrival of
Spaniards, the whole area was converted into a hacienda, then a part of Tabuco (now known as Cabuyao City). Calamba
became an independent pueblo on August 28, 1742, and formed into the town of Calamba in 1770. In 1813, Calamba was
placed in the hands of “encargados” by the Dominican Brothers, who divided into portions and sold the haciendas to the
natives during the American regime.
 During the Japanese occupation in World War II, the city was the theater of a massacre when the Imperial Japanese Army
killed at least 2,000 civilians.The St. John the Baptist Church, established in 1859, was burned by the Japanese during
World War II. It was reconstructed by Fr. Eliseo Dimaculangan. It was the christening site of José Rizal. The original
baptismal font has been preserved and refurbished.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Calamba City is bordered by Cabuyao City to the north, Los Baños to the east, by the province of Batangas to the south,
specifically the municipalities of Santo Tomas, Tanauan City and Talisay, and by the province of Cavite to the west, with
Tagaytay City and Silang. Laguna de Bay the country’s largest lake, forms the city’s northwest border. The provincial
capital, Santa Cruz, is located 45 kilometres (28 mi) by road to the east.
 Calamba covers a total land area of 14,950 hectares (36,900 acres), making it is the 2nd largest city in Laguna province in
terms of land area after San Pablo City.
 As of 2010, Calamba City has a total population of 389,377.
Products and Services
The city is a favorite getaway of many people from Metro Manila. It has numerous resorts fed by hot springs. Moreover,
its historical significance in addition to its booming economy attracts many visitors both local and foreign. The rapid
industrialization of the city coupled with the influx of tourists has made the city a haven of real estate investors. The
conversion of the former Canlubang sugar plantation into mixed used locality presents opportunity for further growth of
the city. Its former rice fields have been turned into residential and commercial areas. New shopping centers such as the
Calamba Trade Center, Calamba Shopping Mall, WalterMart in addition to the Calamba Wet and Dry Market were
established.
Business Opportunity
As Calamba City continues to develop, certain investments to food establishments, commercial complexes and resorts are
good in the city.
Tourist Spots
St. John the Baptist Church – this is a historic church visited by locals and tourists because this is the place where the
National Hero, Jose Rizal, was baptized. The original baptismal font has been preserved and refurbished.

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Tallest Monument of Jose Rizal – the statue is 22 feet tall which symbolizes the 22 languages that Rizal can speak
fluently. This statue serves as the reminder for all that Calamba, Laguna was the place where the national hero was born.
Rizal Shrine – reconstructed in 1949, the Rizal shrine is now maintained by the National Historical Institute, and the
houses furnitures a nd kitchenware of the colonial era, a s well as Dr. Rizal’s clothes, paintings, sculptures, other
paraphernalia and laminated excerpts of his written works.
Region 4B (MIMAROPA)
MIMAROPA is an administrative region of the Philippines. It is one of two regions of the Philippines having no land
border with another region, Eastern Visayas being the other, and is designated as Region IV-B. The name is an acronym
combining the names of its provinces, which are: Occidental Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and
Palawan. The region is also more formally known as Southern Tagalog Islands.
There are, as of now, two cities that make up MIMAROPA Region: 1. Calapan City 2. Puerto Princesa City
Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro
History
 Calapan City was just a small village before the establishment of the first Religious District in Bago. The District
convent was transferred to Calapan in 1733 and began its jurisdiction over the Northern Mindoro Ecclesiastical Area.
In the early 18th century, the town only occupied a strip of land stretching from Ibaba to ilaya in a cross-shape facing
the present church and cut-off by the river. Later on, succeeding barrios were established.
 In 1836, the capital of the province was moved from Puerto Galera to Calapan. When Mindoro became a part of
Marinduque on June 13, 1902, the provincial capital was once moved to Puerto Galera. On November 10, 1902,
Mindoro was detached from Marinduque. In 1903, Calapan once againn became the provincial capital.
 When Mindoro was detached to Marinduque on November 10, 1902, Baco, Puerto Galera and San Teodoro were
annexed to Calapan in 1905 under Act. 1280, adding a total land area of 843 square kilometers (325 sq mi) of land. In
1902, under Act 2824, the three municipalities gained their independence.
 Calapan City Tourist SpotIn 1919, the boundary dispute between Calapan and Naujan was adjudicated by Presidentes
Agustin Quijano of Calapan and Agustin Garong of Naujan over a portion of the territory of what is now known as the
present boundary. The portion of agricultural area was awarded to Naujan, thus, making the area of Calapan much
smaller as compared to that of Naujan which is now considered as the biggest municipality of the province.
 At present, Calapan has an area of only 250.06 square kilometres (96.55 sq mi), according to LMB. It has also
jurisdiction over the three Baco Islets on the Calapan Bay and the two Silonay Islets.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Total population of the city as of 2010 is 124,173.
 Land area, ranging up to 250.06 km2 (96.55 sq mi), is mainly consist of rural areas.
Products and Services
Main economic activities are agriculture and trading. Products manufactured include processed food and handicrafts.
Infrastructure facilities include the Calapan Port and a secondary airport. Major roads include Quezon Boulevard which
leads to the seaport and airpot, Jose Rizal Street, Roxas Drive, and Bonifacio Drive.
Business Opportunity
As one of the primary RO-RO ports of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway and being the largest urban center of the
whole Mindoro Island, Calapan City has the potential for the development of small and big businesses. It offers
opportunities in real estate, tourist facilities, agri-business, manufacturing, trading, and services such as schools, hospitals,
and technology related ventures.
Tourist Spots
 Balite, Parang, and Suqui Beaches  Caluwangan Cave
 Baco-Chico and Horca-Piloto Islets with white  Rizal Park
sand beaches  Holy Infant Cathedral
 Bulusan Nature Park and Cave  Silonay Island
 Halhal Cave
Festivals and Celebrations
Kalap Festival – celebrated every 21st day of March. This is a celebration of culture and history. There are floats along the
main streets detailing the history of the city.
Sto. Niño de Calapan Festival – this religious festival is held every January 1. This is actually a month-long celebration
starting as early as December until it reaches its pinnacle through a series of different religious activities to honor the
53
 city’s patron, the young child Sto. Niño and to reflect the people’s religiosity. The celebration extends towards the
Christmas season laced with nightly cultural presenations, yuletide activities topped by the lighting of the giant Christmas
tree and fireworks,a s well as agro-industrial and tourism fairs.
Harvest Festival – this festival was conceptualize by the city government council in recognition of Calapan City’s
achievement as one of the major exporter of rice in the Philippines. The city was once an importer of rice but now rice is
the most important export of Calapan.
Sinkaw Festival – derives from the word “sining kalabaw” or carabao arts, this festival is a creative artistic competition
with no less than the carabaos are used as the canvasses. This festival honors the city’s native “beast of the burden” as an
eternally indispensable partner in farming and, essentially, a special tribute to the farmer’s industry.
Mardigras – held on many different occasions (fiesta, summer, Foundation Day, Halloween) that add more color to the
already vibrant city. It is ultimate street party that takes place along the entire stretch of J.P. Rizal Street. The hypnotic
lights and upbeat music, together with various fun-filled activities, will bring together a bevy of party-goers to party the
night away.
Puerto Princesa City, Palawan
History
 When the Spaniards came in the country, Puerto Princesa was one of the settlements they obtained. History says that
the place was named after Princess Asuncion, born in 1864 to Queen Isabela II and her consort, Francisco de Cadiz.
When the princess suffered an untimely death, the Queen changed the name to Puerto de la Princesa. Eventually, the
name was reduced to Puerto Princesa as it is known today.
 Spanish Colonizers founded the settlement on 4 March 1872 in the course of their exploration of the province. As they
scanned the Palawan shoreline for a capital site, they came upon a hill with steep declivity. Rowing to shore, they
surveyed the hill and discovered an extensive plateau which they decided as ideal for settlement.
 Soon after, Fr. Antonio Muro levelled a portion of the hill to make way for a chapel. (That section is now occupied by
the Catholic Cathedral, the P.C. Barracks and the Rizal Park. The Old Municipal Building used to be there, as well as
an Elementary School). The first mass celebrated in Puerto Princesa took place at a site where a marker now stands.
 In May 1872, the Port of Puerto Princesa became the center of Spanish Naval Operations in the area because the Bay
met all the Navy’s requirements. Royal Decrees later provided incentives to settlers, and by 1883 the settlement had
flourished into a town of twelve roads, a hospital and well-built port.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Puerto Princesa recorded a total population of 222,673.
 Land area of the city is 2,381.02 km2 (919.32 sq mi).
 The language use in this area is predominantly Tagalog, they sometimes use Visaya and English.
Products and Services
 Primary industries are trading, tourism, farming and fishing. Rice and coconut are the primary agricultural products.
 Puerto Princesa is well-known as the site of the world-famous 8-kilometer long undergound river which is located in
the northwestern part of the city. Its forests are teeming with rare flora and fauna. Its bodies of water such as Puerto
Princesa Bay, Honda Bay, Ulugan Bay and Turtle Bay are very rich in marine life. Its eastern and western coastal areas
have many beaches and diving sites which are too numerous to mention. Over all, the city is by itself a tourism haven.
Aside from being beautiful, it is also peaceful. In fact, it has received several awards for its clean and green as well as
orderly atmosphere.
Business Opportunity
For all its beauty and natural attractions, Puerto Princesa has enormous potential as a world-class destination of choice. It
needs investment in hotels, resorts, restaurants, convention center, golf courses, and amusement parks. A world-class
zoological park, botanical garden, and an ocean park can be viable projects to put up.
To complement its tourism industry, entrepreneurs can make the city a center of non-polluting establishments such as:
 Cut flower and ornamental plants growing especially  Jewelry and other fashion accessories
orchids  Technology-related industries such as business
 Exotic fruit and vegetable plantations process outsourcing, software development, graphic
 Production of furniture and fixtures design, and animation
 Textile and clothing  Organic fertilizer

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 Tourist Spots
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River – this is the most famous landmark in Puerto Princesa. This subterranean river is the
longest navigable river in the world. It features a limestone karst mountain landscape and many stalactites and stalagmites
formations.
Tubbataha Reef – is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, located 181 km southeast of the city in the Sulu Sea near the island
municipality of Cagayancillo. Over 1000 species inhabit the reef; many are already considered as endangered. Animal
species found include manta rays, lion fish, sea turtles, clown fish and sharks.
Honda Bay – contains several islands, including Arrecife Island where the high-end Dos Palmas Resort is located. Several
local guides and boatmen offer island hopping tours in the area where snorkeling is also a popular activity in Pambato
Reef.
Sabang Beach – located just outside the Underground River Park, Sabang Beach is a quiet white sand beach lined by
several resorts facing the vast South China Sea.
Palawan ugong rock crystal
Ugong Rock – a 75-foot limestone formation in the middle of farmlands and karst forests located near the Underground
River. Main activities in the site include spelunking and zip line.
Region 5 – (Bicol)
Bicol Region
 The Bicol Region or Region V (also known as Bicolandia) is one of the 17 regions of the Philippines. Bicol (also
spelled Bikol) is composed of four provinces in the Bicol Peninsula, the southeastern end of Luzon island, and two
island-provinces adjacent to the peninsula. Its regional center is Legazpi City in Albay province.
 The region is composed of six provinces, namely, Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Sorsogon and the island-
provinces of Catanduanes and Masbate.
 The region has the following cities: 1. Legazpi City 2. Ligao City 3. Tabaco City 4. Iriga City 5. Naga City 6. Masbate City 7. Sorsogon City

Legazpi City
“Gateway City of Bicol”
History
 Legazpi City was named after Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Philippines in
1565. The place was named as such by the Spaniards as such to Legazpi was named after Miguel López de Legazpi, the
Spanish conquistador who conquered the Philippine islands in 1565, and whose family name came from Legazpi, a town
in Guipuzcoa, Spain.
 Historically, the city was named Legazpi, to perpetuate to the memory of Adelantado Don Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
This was the agreement made between the original inhabitants of the place and the Spaniards during the former’s quest
for autonomy. It took them 21 years, in which they sought the help and support of the Spaniards, then living in the town.
As a sign of gratitude, the people readily accepted the name, which was also then proposed by the Spaniards upon
fulfillment of their efforts.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Legazpi City - Airport Run WayAs of 2010, Legazpi City had a total population of 182,201and a total land area of
153.70 km2 (59.34 sq mi).
 The city has a tropical rainforest climate with copious amount of rainfall in the whole year. There are also noticeable
wetter and drier periods of the year. The driest month is April.
Products and Services
The city, including the whole Bicol Region, is known for their native delicacy Bicol Express. It is a stew made from long
chillies (siling mahaba in Tagalog, lada panjang in Malay/Indonesian), coconut milk, shrimp paste, onion, pork and garlic.
Tourist Spots
The city is also nicknamed as the “City of Fun and Adventure” because of its natural scenery and the ever-famous Mount
Mayon. The city is also blessed by landscapes that made the visitors and tourists take innumerable photos and postcard.
The Legazpi Boulevard – the second longest boulevard in the country next to Roxas Boulevard in Metro Manila.
Ligñon Hill Nature Park – the best place to view the whole Legazpi City and the Mayon Volcano. This 143 meters high
volcanic hill is the highest location in the downtown area and towers over the adjacent Legazpi Airport. Part includes
nature trails and ziplines.Legazpi City Lignon Hill
The Embarcadero is a major waterfront development in Legazpi fronting the main harbor of Legazpi with views towards
Mayon Volcano. It consists of retail spaces, restaurants, markets, a major civic space and landmark lighthouse.

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 The Japanese Tunnel is an L-shaped tunnel used as an arsenal by the Japanese Imperial Army during the World War II. It
measures 40 metres (130 ft) long and around 7 feet (2.1 m) deep below the ground. The tunnel is located in Brgy. EM’s
Barrio South in the Albay District.
Cagsawa Church Ruins – the ruins of a 17th century church destroyed by Mayon Volcano during its 1814 eruption.
Ligao City
History
 Ligao was once a small settlement known as “Cavasi” during the 16th century. It continued to grow and progress as it
attracted natives from nearby settlements. However, conflict between leaders who aimed for power and possession
caused divisions among the settlement.Ligao City TourismThere were 5 divisions created and was led by the maginoos
(chieftains): Pagkilatan, Maaban, Sampongan, Makabongay and the Hokoman. The clash ended when Chieftain
Pagkilatan was appointed supreme leader over the whole settlement with the approval of the other chieftains.
 The town was founded as a barrio of Polangui in 1606, being ceded to Oas in 1665, and finally becoming an
independent municipality in 1666. It gained city status on March 24, 2001, after a plebiscite with an overwhelming Yes
vote of 17,754 as against 1,387 No votes.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Ligao City has a total population of 104,914 people (2010 census) and is located in the province of Albay, Philippines
almost 500 kilometers south-east of Manila.Ligao city Mayon
 The city has a total land area of 24,640 hectares. 23.05 percent of which are fertile flatlands suitable for high value crops
and 76.95 percent are mountainous and hilly terrain with potential for agriculture and traversed by secondary rivers.
Tertiary rivers originate from Mt. Masaraga and Mayon Volcano located at the south and eastern side of the city.
Ligao’s soil is generally fertile giving great flexibility practically to all types of crops. There are six common soil types
found in the city: Ligao loam; Guinobatan sandy loam; Mauraro gravelly sandy loam; Libon silt; Tigaon clay and
Sevilla clay.
 There is a distinct dialect in Ligao, even more different in spelling, pronunciation and meaning than the local Bicol
dialect. It is quite similar to Kinaray-a of Antique.
Products and Services
Almost 70% of the city’s economy came from agriculture sector. The majority of the population depends upon farming
and related industry. Some own lands which are also being tilled and farmed by the local tenants and farmers. Much of the
products are coconut and rice; root crops and vegetables follow. There are also some with agro-industries, piggery and
poultry and concrete products. Handicrafts, noodles manufacturing and food processing are the leading home industries.
They also export coco coir products, hogs and poultry and organic fertilizers.Ligao City Products
Tourist Spots
Ligao City Last Supper
The city offers lots of tourist attraction to satisfy the different kinds of tourists from the adventurous ones to the nature
lovers. Here are some of those spots:
Malison Lake – located Barangays Pandan and Bonga. Perfect place for swimming where the peak view of the Mayon
Volcano can be seen. Aside from swimming, the lake is also good for fishing and boating. To entertain the guests and the
tourist alike, they have 16 cottages, 4 lodging rooms, a large function room with videoke service.
The twin peaks of Mt. Mayon and Mt. Masaraga – offers a great adventure for those who are mountain climbers.
Underground caves at Barangays Allang and Tula-Tula Pequeño.
Tabaco City
History
 The earliest recorded history of Tabaco City was in 1587, according to the Estado Geografico Estadistico Historico written
by Father De Huerta. It all began during the missionary work of the first Franciscan Fathers. The purpose of the effort was
to convert the people of the town of Cagsawa to Catholisism. The people were living along the seashore and made fishing
and farming as their way of living. However, due to the attacks made by the Moro raiders, they people transferred to San
Vicente and San Carlos and there started the first poblacion in 1703. The fishermen still continued their fishing industry as
they went to and lived in the shores of the bay of what is known as Barangay Cormidal.
 Over the years, Tabaco became the largest and the most strategic settlement and in mid-17th century, the province of Albay
was divided into two. The first was Partido de Tabaco which included the present-day towns of the First District of Albay,
Legazpi, Daraga and Catanduanes. The other division, which was Partido de Iraya, included the towns currently making up
the Third District and parts of Camarines Sur.

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 Known even then for being a town of great charm and character, Tabaco was in fact no stranger to natural calamities. In
1811, a powerful typhoon wreaked unimaginable destruction on Tabaco. Because the storm all but stripped the town bare,
it earned the nickname Bagiong Oguis (white typhoon).
 But the tragedies didn’t stop there. Year 1814, Mayon Volcano erupted violently with floods of molten lava rampaging
down the villages. There were lots of affected during this eruption, including the lives of unnumbered people and the
livelihood of much of the people. For many years, the rice fields were rendered as unproductive due to the eruption.
 The progression of Tabaco City continued throughout the year even though sometimes interrupted by the Wars and
colonizers.
Population/Language/ Area
 Tabaco City is located on the eastern coast of Albay province with an area of 117.14 square kilometers (45.23 sq mi). Its
southern border is the town of Malilipot. The vast rice fields of Malinao capture you in the northeast. The city’s
southwest boundary reaches all the was to the top of Mayon at an elevation of 2,462 m (8,077 ft).
 The City of Tabaco belongs to the Type II climate of the Philippines. It is characterized by no distinct dry season but
with a very pronounced maximum rainfall from November to January.
 The area has pronounced warmness and humidity throughout the year with a mean temperature of 26.0 °C (78.8 °F) and
a humidity range up to 80%. February is the coldest month with a low of 21.0 °C (69.8 °F). The warmest temperature is
experienced during the month of May with a mean temperature of 27.0 °C (80.6 °F).
 The total population as of 2010 was 125,083. The main dialect spoken by the people is Bicol-Naga. However, the
majority of the people still speak Tagalog and English. Other languages spoken are Bicolano Viejo, Spanish and
Chinese.
Products and Services
 Its economy is still heavily dependent on agriculture. Major crops include rice, corn, cacao, pili, root crops, vegetables,
coconuts and abacá. There are also some who raise poultry, livestock, aquaculture and fishing as their main business.
Other livelihood include woodcraft, metal craft, rattan craft, ceramics, hat and mat weaving, ship repair and building,
and trucks, buses and AUV manufacturing.
 Another trademark of Tabaco is the razor-sharp tabak or bolo. Other food products of the city are pili nuts, rice cakes,
ibos and latik
Tourist Spots
Mayon Planetarium and Science Park – Tabaco’s most visited tourist destination. Perched in the heels of Mayon Volcano,
the Planetarium is at least 2,500 feet above sea level, offering visitors a stunning view of mainland Tabaco and itstwo
islands, Natunawan and San Miguel. The height also gives the place a Baguio-like chill ideal for picnics and nature
watching. Added attractions include horseback riding and guided treks within the park grounds.
Marine Sanctuary and Fishery Reserve – At 2.25 sq. km. protected area off the coast of Barangay Sagurong. In 2002, it
was adjudged 2nd Best Managed Coral Reef in the entire Philippines by the environmental organization PhilReefs.
Padyak Race – Being the proud Padyak Capital of the Philippines, Tabaco City has appropriately inaugurated this unique
contest starring no less than the most common mode of transportation in the city. Like the rest of the festival games, the
race is primarily for entertainment.
Iriga City, Camarines Sur
History
 Iriga City ChurchThe Franciscan friars, who sat foot on the Bicol peninsula, saw in the new land a good ground for
evangelization. They soon called it “Iraga”, which means there is land.
 Iraga developed in size and wealth. Soon thereafter, foundation work had been laid down by proclaiming it as visita of
Nabua. More and more people from Nabua came to the place for settlement.
 In 1682, with a population of 8,909, I-raga was converted into Pueblo de la Provincia de Ambos Camarines. Later on,
the Spanish authorities changed the name from I-raga to Iriga and In 1710 Don Bonifacio de los Angeles organized the
first four barrios of Iriga – San Agustin, San Isidro, San Nicolas and San Antonio Abad.
 In 1901, under the American colonization, the first public school in Iriga was established, the Iriga Central School. In
1913 the Manila Railroad Company Station and the public market was established at its present site . With the
establishment of the train station and the public market, Iriga rapidly grew and became the center of trade and
commerce in the Rinconada area.
 The American colonial period temporarily ended in 1942 when World War II broke out. The Japanese Imperial Army
established a garrisoned at Kalbaryo hill overlooking the city proper. Iriga Central School became a concentration
camp; those who could not be accommodated were brought to the Ateneo de Naga.

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 Like in many other places, Bicolano guerilla units spring up in Iriga after the formal American colonialist resistance
has ended. Mt. Iriga became the base of the resistance attracting recruits not only from Iriga but even as far as Albay.
With the help of the Agtas who were very familiar with the terrain, the Japanese army could penetrate the interiors of
the mountain.
 With the end of the Japanese occupation in May 15, 1945, the Iriga Central was reopened and rehabilitation began. In
1948, the first college in Iriga City, the Mabini Memorial College was established by Atty. Felix O. Alfelor. A year
later, Atty. Ortega also established the Saint Anthony College.
 The establishment of these centers for higher learning, including the La Consolacion Academy further spurred the
growth and development of the municipality as it attracts students from all over the region.
 In 1960s, Iriga saw tremendous economic and social progress. On July 8, 1968, the city was converted into a city
through Republic act 5261. However, it was only on September 3 of the same year that the City was formally
organized and inaugurated as the third city of the Bicol Region by then President Ferdinand Marcos.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Iriga city is located on the southern part of Camarines Sur Province in Bicol Region. The city is 400 kilometers
southeast of Manila, 37 kilometers south of Naga, and 61 kilometers north of Legaspi City. It is bounded on the north
by the town of Ocampo and Sagnay, on the east by Buhi, on teh south by Libon, Albay Province, and on the west by
the towns of Baao and Nabua. Iriga City is accessible by land via the National Highway and by air through Legaspi
Airport.
 With an area of 137.4 sq. kilometers, the city is politically subdivided into 36 barangays which are mostly rural areas.
 Iriga City has a total population of 105,919 (2010 NSO Survey) with a growth rate of 2.6% per annum. The city has an
aggregate of 17,061 household and an average household size of 5.21 persons per household.
 The city’s population is a conglomerate of Bicolanos, Tagalogs, Visayans, Pampangos, Ilocanos, Muslim and
foreigners and the dominant dialect is Rinconada.
 Irigueños or people of Iriga speak Riŋkonāda Bikol language. Irigueños of Austronesian lineage are using Iriga variant
while the indigenous and oboriginal groups of Agta/Itom (Negrito) are using Agta variant of the language.
Tagalog/Filipino and English languages are also understood and spoken.
Business Opportunity
The following are some businesses that can be promoted in Iriga City:
 commercial poultry and hog raising  essential oil and fragrances
 production of dairy products  furniture and fixture
 cacao and coffee production and processing  mass housing projects
 production of high value commercial crops like  medium-size commercial complexes
malungay, mushroom, vegetables  hotels and resorts
 demonstration farms  food establishments
 amusement parks  technology-related ventures like business
 food processing such as meat packing, curing, process outsourcing, graphic design, and
and canning software development
 consumer chemicals such as detergents and  financial services
personal care products
Tourist Spots
Some of the tourist attractions in Iriga City are:
Mt. Iriga – also known as Mount Asog, is one of the active volcanoes in the Philippines in the province of Camarines Sur.
It is known for its phreatic (water) explosions. It is also a stratovolcano of about a kilometer from Lake Buhi. It rises
1,196 m (3,924 ft) with a base diameter of 10 kilometers.
Lake Buhi – it has an average area of 18 square kilometers and has an average depth of 8 meters. The lake lies in the
valley formed by two ancient volcanoes, Mt. Asog and Mt. malonao. It was created in 1641, when an earthquake caused a
side of Mt. Asog to collapse. The resulting landslide created a natural dam that blocked the flow of nearby streams. The
lake is famous since it is one of the few bodies of water that contains the sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis) which is the
world’s smallest commercially harvested fish.Lake Buhi Iriga Falls
Tinagba Science and Technology Park – the main feature and centerpiece of the park is a Planetarium Exhibit and
Telescopes for Stargazing from the National Museum in Manila. It also exhibits a mini zoo, a foot spa where little fishes
tug at your toes, an Activity Center for the kids, and a Wall of Wonder/ Science Exhibit where students from local schools
display their science projects.

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Naga City
“The Queen City of Bicol”
History
 Before the coming of Spanish conquerors, Naga was already a flourishing village along the banks of the Naga River.
It was an important village with comparatively sophisticated weaponry and surprisingly advanced culture.
 In 1575, Captain Pedro de Chávez, the commander of the garrison left behind by Salcedo, founded on the site of the
present business centre (across the river from the original Naga) a Spanish city which he named La Ciudad de
Cáceres, in honor of Francisco de Sande, the governor-general and a native of the city of Cáceres in Spain. It was still
by this name that it was identified in the papal bull of August 14, 1595 that erected the See of Cáceres, together with
those of Cebú and Nueva Segovia, and made it the seat of the new bishopric under the Archdiocese of Manila.
 In time, the Spanish city and the native village merged into one community and became popularly known as Nueva
Cáceres, to distinguish it from its namesake in Spain. It had a city government as prescribed by Spanish law, with an
ayuntamiento and cabildo of its own. At the beginning of the 17th century, there were only five other ciudades in the
Philippines. Nueva Cáceres remained the capital of the Ambos Camarines provinces and later of the Camarines Sur
province until the formal creation of the independent chartered city of Naga under the Philippine Republic.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Naga City has a total land area of 8,448 has. and a total population of 174,931 as of 2010.
 The weather in the city from March to May is hot and dry with temperature ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F).
From June to October is the typhoon season and it is generally rainy. From November to February, the climate is
cooler with temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). The average year-round humidity is 77%.
Products and Services
Local products include rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, vegetables, abaca, fruit trees or citrus, legumes, and root crops.
Business Opportunity
Strategically located in the heart of the Bicol peninsula, Naga City accounts for Bicol’s most number of business
establishments, even as it is favored by the country’s largest companies to be the center of their regional operations in this
part of South Luzon. Several international companies are in Naga City. The city is also the center of business and
industries, even in trade for local municipalities surrounding the city. It also serves as the embarkation point of the Bicol
Region and the receiving point of international supplies from Metro Manila. The city is also the major supplier of supplies
from Metro Manila to other municipalities, and cities in the Bicol Region and Region 8 (Samar, and Leyte). Naga City is
also the home of business when it comes to commercialization and industrialization of the Bicol Region.
Tourist Spots
Malabsay Falls – a 40 ft falls located on the slope of Mt. isarog in Panicuason. The Malabsay Ecology Park features
swimming areas beneath the waterfalls, concrete windingstrings, foot bridges and pathways, cottages, and a plant nursery
and camping ground.
University of Nueva Caceres Museum – located inside the University of Nueva Caceres, the UNC museum is one of the
oldest museums outside Manila and recognized by the International Association of Museum. It houses historical artifacts
of the ancient Bicol, its people and culture.
Our Lady Peñafrancia Museum – is located near the banks of Naga River, a few steps away from the Peñafrancia Shrine.
This museum is a fond tribute to the Miraculous Lady. It is a piece to get in touch with Bicol’s historico-religious
tradition. Its centerpiece is the Diorrama, a tri-dimentional presentation of faith and devotion from its roots in San Martin
del Castañar, Spain. The museum was also declared as a National Historical Landmark on September 9, 1988. From a
humble vacation house of the 18th century, it has emerged as a center and well-spring of ecclesiastical education in the
Bicol Region.
Museu del Seminario Concillar de Nueva Caceres – located in the central pavillion of the age-old Holy Rosary Minor
Seminary. On display are materials in four exhibit areas: Gallery of Bicolano Ecclesistics, that showcases memorabilia of
the prominent Bicolano bishops, old scholastic records, directory of the Bicol clergy, books owned by Bishop Jorge Barlin
and the archival materials which all give evidence of the ecclesiastical education of the Bicoloanos; the Ecclesistical
Vessel and Artifacts room, which is a mixed collection of liturgical materials, monstrance, candelabras and other pieces
which are reminders of the devotions of the past; the Marian Room with its collection of pictures of the canonical
coronation in 1924 of the Virgin of Peñafrancia, there are also water color paintings of the different Marian images
venerated in the different parishes of the Archdiocese of Caceres; and the Archeological room with its collection of the
pre-Christian artifacts which consist of Neolithic stone technology unearthed mostly in the Bicol region.

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 Masbate City, Masbate
“Rodeo Capital of the Philippines”
History
 The islands of Masbate, Ticao and Burias were explored by Captain Luis Enriquez de Guzman in 1569. This exploration
work was continued by Captain Andres de Ibarra. Ibalon (Albay) Province assumed jurisdiction over Masbate Islands,
and Masbate was named the town’s capital village; for security reasons, the seat of government had to be moved time
and time again. It was first moved to Mobo and then again, to Guiom. It was later transferred to Palanog near the mouth
of Lumbang River to make it more accessible to Bicol mainland and to the islands of Burias and Ticao. However,
government records were kept inland in Cagay.
 The political history of the town dates back to the 1850s when the Spaniards established their government under a
Spanish Gobernadorcillo. The Masbateños’ vassalage to Spain ended sometime in the early part of 1898 as an offshoot of
the libertarian campaign waged by General Emilio Aguinaldo.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Masbate City had a total population of 85,227. Majority of the people speak Minasbate as the main language
of the city. There are, however, some people who speak Cebuano and Hiligaynon. Source of living of the people are
equaly divided according to the place where they live.
Products and Services
 Masbate City serves as the center of trading activities in the province. Local product such as dried fish, copra, rice,
coconut, crabs, fish, prawn, bangus, livestock are being exported to Manila, Cebu, Iligan, Roxas, Iloilo, Tacloban,
Ormoc, Legaspi, Naga, Daet and Sorsogon. The aquamarine products are also shipped-out to Metro Manila, Cebu,
Batangas, and Lucena. Shrimps, crabs, and prawns are shipped to Japan; mud crabs to taiwan; headless squid to USA
and Japan; crab meat to USA and scallops to Europe.
 The city is importing products mainly from Manila, Lucena, Cebu and Legaspi. These are mostly rice, bakery raw
materials, transport vehicles and appliances, farm inputs, construction materials and basic commodities. These are also
traded by the city to other municipalities in the whole province.
Tourist Spots
Buntod Sand Bar and marine Sanctuary – this is the first established marine sanctuary of the city where hard and soft coral
covers highlights the underwater scenes.
Bugsayon Marine Sancturay – this is a 50-hectarte marine sanctuary where a traveler can experience to see the live corals
and its diverse marine animals.
Tatoo Island – also called as Minalayo Island. It has a number of openings of various sizes that lead to an underground
lagoon where sea snakes and bats reigns.
Festivals and Celebrations
Lapay Bantigue Dance Festival – celebrated annually during the City Anniversary on 30th day of September. This event
highlights the traditional folk dance created by “Lola Felisa” many years ago, when she imitated the graceful movement
of the seagull (locally known as Lapay). The dance has evolved and is now recognized by the Cultural Center of the
Philippines as one of the official folk dances of the country. This dance was also recognized during the Spanish
Colonization.
Rodeo Masbateño – the only rodeo show in Asia. It is celebrated annually in April and showcase 10 competitive rodeo
events. Highlighting this event is the difficult “figure of eight” competition where the cowboy crisscrosses around a group
of barrels. Women participate in heart stopping events like calf wrestling, calf lassoing and carambola.
Sorsogon City, Sorsogon
History
 Sorsogon City was created by virtue of Republic Act 8806, which was signed into law on August 16, 2000 and ratified
during a plebiscite on December 16, 2000. RA 8806, also known as the Cityhood Law, called for the merger of the
municipalities of Sorsogon and Bacon into a component city of the province of Sorsogon.
 The merged municipalities of Bacon and Sorsogon more or less shared the same establishment pattern with Bacon
leading the way. The present-day settlements grew out of the Spanish missionary efforts in the 1600s. They both started
as missions that were later made into parishes and eventually declared as civilian political units. Both places were
already settled when the Spanish missionaries came in the 1600s. Pre-historic artifacts found pointing to human
habitation ranged from the 3,000-year old remains in a cave in Bacon and ancient burial sites dug upstream of rivers in
Sorsogon.
Population/ Language/ Area
The city of Sorsogon is located at the northeastern part of Sorsogon Province in the southern tip of Luzon Island, around
600 kilometers away from Manila. The city center is situated on the coast along Sorsogon Bay where its port is located.
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 The northern part of the city is bounded by Albay Province and Albay Gulf. Neighboring towns include Prieto Diaz in the
east, Gubat in the southeast, Castilla in the west, and Manito town of Albay Province in the north. Most of the city’s land
area of 338 square kilometer is considered rural which are either forested or devoted to agriculture. The northern part of
the city’s terrain is mostly mountainous and hilly while the southern part is flat.
Products and Services
Main agricultural products include rice, coconut, abaca, pili nuts, rootcrops and vegetables. Its marine industry produces
fish, prawn, and seaweed.
Business Opportunity
Sorsogon City serves as the main economic industry of the province. It also has sizable number of residents. Due to that
fact, the city has enough potential to attract investment. It also has raw materials needed by the different industries. Some
of the possible businesses that can be put up into the city are coconut oil and by-products, choco-pili candy, dairy
products, furniture and fixture, ceramic products such as housewares and sanitary wares, and seaweed processing.
Tourist Spots
PNOC-Ecopark – covering a total of 25,100 hectares of forest reservation, straddling the Sorsogon-Albay boundary areas.
This eco-park offers a lot of eco-tour delights and adventures.
Pagurian Island – the island itself is very picturesque with a kind of lagoon at its center with the earth and craggy rock
wall enclosing it, jutting upwards, much like a volcano crater.
Region 6 (Western Visayas)
Region 6 consists the islands of Western Visayas. It consists of six provinces: Aklan, Antique, Negros Occidental, Capiz,
Guimaras and Iloilo. The center of regional office is in Iloilo City. Among the 16 cities in the region that make it as the
region with the highest number of cities, there are also 2 highly urbanized cities that make this up: Bacolod City and the
Iloilo City.
These are the cities that make up Western Visayas Region, also known as Region 6:
1. Roxas City 9. Kabankalan City
2. Iloilo City 10. La Carlota City
3. Passi City 11. Sagay City
4. Bacolod City 12. San Carlos City
5. Bago City 13. Silay City
6. Cadiz City 14. Sipalay City
7. Escalante City 15. Talisay City
8. Himamaylan City 16. Victorias City
Roxas City, Capiz
“Seafood Capital of the Philippines”
The abundance of marine life makes Roxas City the “Seafood Capital of the Philippines.” This environment-friendly city is
home to one of the richest fishing grounds in the country. Being a recipient of the Cleanest and Greenest Component City in
Western Visayas Award in the Gawad Pangulo sa Kapaligiran (GPK) Cleanliness and Environmental contest is a clear
testament of its people’s commitment in ensuring a healthier and brighter future for all its residents and visitors as well.
Recently, Roxas City has been a recipient of major awards from various government agencies. The Department of Health
(DOH) awarded this city with the Red Orchid Award for being “100 percent tobacco-free.” It has also gained the Department
of Interior and Local Government (DILG) Seal of Good Housekeeping and lauded the Best Police Station in the region by the
Philippine National Police.
History
 The City of Roxas, once known as the municipality of Capiz is the capital of the province of Capiz.
 In 1569, Captain Diego de Artieda who was sent by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi from Cebu, landed on the town of Pan-ay and
proclaimed it as the capital. Later the capital was moved to its present site upon discovering that the town of Capiz was near
the sea where they can have better docking facilities. The Spaniards saw the long coastal cover and envisioned a trading and
shipping center. Ports were constructed in Libas and later in Culasi.
 In 1590, the Navy of Acapulco, Mexico made Capiz port its arsenal (naval yard) where they can seek shelter when the sea
was rough. Capiz then eventually grew into a bustling port and several houses of stones were built. The social and political
status enjoyed by the native chieftains of Capiz often resulted in mixed marriages with the Spaniards. The mestizo
descendants became the base of the principalia or influential citizens. Their privileged positions allowed them to build
houses around the favored square of the poblacion – around the church and the government complex.

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 In 1746, Capiz was made the seat of the politico-military government, although it was ecclesiastically controlled by the
Bishopric of Cebu. In the latter part of 1795, under Gobernadorcillo Miguel Bautista, the old road to Baybay Beach was
built as an extension of San Roque Street.
 The town of Capiz was frequently attacked by Muslims that in 1814, stone forts at Baybay Beach (Baluarte) were built
through the initiative of Gobernadorcillo Jose Consolacion.
 Capiz became a chartered city on May 12, 1951 through House Bill 1528 sponsored by Ramon Acuña Arnaldo, the
representative of the First District of Capiz. It was approved by President Elpidio Quirino on April 11, 1951 as Republic Act
608. Consequently, the town was named Roxas City after her greatest son, President Manuel Acuña Roxas, the last
president of the Commonwealth and the first president of the Philippine Republic.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Roxas City is situated just east of the north-central coast of Panay Island with geographic coordinates of 11°35′ N, 122°45′
E. Its boundaries are: the Sibuyan Sea to the north, the municipality of Panitan to the south, the municipality of Ivisan to the
west, and the municipality of Panay to the East. It is located 250 nautical miles (460 km) southeast of Manila and 135
kilometres (84 mi) northeast of Iloilo City (Regional Capital). Travel time to Manila is 45 minutes by air and 18 hours by
sea.
 The language spoken in Roxas City is Capiznon and Hiligaynon.
 Based on the 2010 census, the city has a population of 156,197with a density of 1,542.89/km2 (3,996.07/sq mi) people. And
reaching up to 200,000 during daytime due to the influx of people from neighboring provinces from northern Iloilo, to do
business, study, vacation, etc.
Products and Services
The city usually exports goods through its national port and the port of Iloilo. Exported good are mostly agricultural and
marine products like rice, corn, copra, kapis shells, green mussels or “tahong”, oyster or ‘talaba”, dried fish, prawns, crabs ans
shrimps.
Business Opportunity
 Roxas City has basically an agri-based economy. Farming and fishing are the major economic activities which claim
52.87% of the city’s total land area. Although agricultural, the city is now moving towards commercialization and
industrialization as it is the center of trade and commerce not only in the province of Capiz but also in the northern part of
Panay Island.
 The city has a national port, a fishing port and airport. Visitors or transients in the city could stay at any of the nineteen (19)
available accommodation facilities and they could dine at the twenty-one (21) restaurant and thirty-nine (39) refreshment
parlors.
Tourist Spots
Capiz Bay Resort – this fishing area attracts guests through its sure catch, hands on, fishing experience. The “hook and cook
your catch” theme is one of the resort’s popular attractions.
Iloilo City
“City of Love”
History
 Iloilo started as the settlement of the small group of fishermen. In 1855, this place became the second most important port
for economy because of the place’s shipping of sugar products from and to the neighboring Negros Island. Because of its
continued rising, the place was named by Queen Regent of Spain as “La Muy Noble Ciudad” (The Most Noble City).
During the 20th century, Iloilo City was second to Manila City when it comes to economy with stores along Calle Real
selling luxury products from all over the world. There was also an agricultural experiment station established at La Paz in
1888, a school of arts and trades which opened in 1891, and a telephone network system in 1894.
 In 1900, the Americans reverted the city’s status into a township again. Yet because of its continuous commercial activities
and because it was an important port of call in the Visayas-Mindanao area, it regained the cityhood status on July 16, 1937.
 When the World War II broke out, Iloilo City became under the Japanese Battalions. At the end of the war, the economy of
Iloilo was badly damaged. There were also lots of casualties recorded. By the 1960s towards 1990s the economy in the city
started to move forward again but in a slow pace. Fish ports were constructed, international seaport and other commercial
firms that invested in Iloilo also marked the movement of the city. Now, it is the regional center of the Western Visayas.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Iloilo City has a total population of 424,619 as of 2010. Total land area reaches up to 78.34 km2 (30.25 sq mi). The
people’s main language is Hiligaynon. The language is part of the Austronesian language branch spoken in Western
Visayas. It was heavily influence and based on the Spanish language and its orthography. The Austronesian languages are

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 a family of languages widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members on
continental Asia. Hiligaynon is concentrated in the provinces of Iloilo and Negros Occidental which has mixed Cebuano.
 Iloilo City is located in the southern shores of Panay Island. The city faces Iloilo Strait and Guimaras Island across it, making
it a natural harbor and a safe anchorage for ships. The city lies on a flat alluvial plain, reclaimed mostly from the swampy
areas due to urbanization and industrialization in the late 19th century until the present. Traversing the city are the rivers of
Iloilo, Batiano, Jaro and Dungon Creek. Iloilo River is an estuary that separates the districts of City Proper, Molo and Villa
Arevalo from the rest of the city. On the other hand, Jaro River is fed by its tributary rivers, Aganan and Tigum and passes by
the flood plains of the Jaro and La Paz districts. Iloilo City is 337.6 nautical miles from Manila. The city has a total land area
of 70.3 km² and is divided into 180 barangays with seven aggregate districts.
Products and Services
 Iloilo is historically one of the major agricultural centers of the country exporting sugar, copra, bananas, mangoes, and other
natural resources during the Spanish and American colonial periods.
 Rice is the major crop in the province of Iloilo. Fish and marine products are also considered the main source of livelihood in
districts of Iloilo, as well as Non-traditional products such as processed food, fruits and vegetables, gifts, furniture, and
others. Traditional products include sugar, coco oil, and lime products, among others.
Business Opportunity
The strategic location of Iloilo favorably resulted in making the city the hub of trade, commerce and industry. The place also
boasts of its excellent port facilities, extensive infrastructure, modern telecommunications system and reliable utilities. Iloilo
City has a business-friendly local government that provides incentives to business in preferred investment areas. Identified
investment areas offer attractive incentives such as income tax holidays and free issuance of permits and licenses.
Tourist Spots
Calle Real – this is the place where you can find the Commonwealth era architectures. Located at the Downtown area of
Iloilo.
Museu Iloilo and Antique Collections – this museum houses the rich Iloilo’s cultural heritage.
Sat. Barbara Golf Course – located at 16 kilometers north of Iloilo City propoer. This is a 37 hectares of golf course which is
also the oldest in the country, being built in 1907.
Mantalinga Island – ideal diving spot for scuba divers and a perfect rotunda for sailboat (dilayag) and kayaking contests. This
island was also nicknamed as “Good Luck Island” due to the belief of the local fishermen that it gives them luck every time
they go out to fish after they wrote the name of their boat at the side of the island.
mantalinga island
Culajao Mangrove Eco Park – perfect for educational tours, weekend trips and excursions or for a simple family picnic. It
stretches within 4.69 hectares and is the home of the diverse marine and mangrove species. They have several packages for
tours that include a bamboo raft (banca) ride along the river to get a closer look of the 19 species of mangroves that serve as
habitats for a vast variety of fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, and shells. Listen to a live composo about Mangroves and Culajao.
Watch the herons and other exotic bird species flying around catching fish.
Passi City, Iloilo
Passi City, though a fourth-class city in the province of  The City of Passi is centrally located on the island of
Iloilo, is still the only largest component city in the Province Panay and can be reached by Iloilo – Capiz highway,
of Iloilo when it comes to land area, population and income. within 45 minutes from Iloilo City and one hour to Roxas
History City.
Passi City was just a simple settlement of the locals living Products and Services
there and by the Malay migrants. When the Spaniards came, Passi City is a rice, pineapple, and sugar-rich area. Because
they organized it into a pueblo. A story of its name’s origin of that, the city is named with its slogan “The Sweet City at
was said that the Spanish explorers came to ask a woman The heart of Panay” due to its vast pineapple plantations and
who was winnowing pounded rice. One of the Spaniards annual output in fruit production.
asked her about the name of the place. Not knowing the Tourist Spots
language, she replied, “Pasi”, which means some of the Famous attractions in the city are the wide pineapple
unhusked rice on her basket held in both hands. She must plantations, the cock farms, the Baroque Church of Saint
have thought that the Spaniards were asking what she was William, the old Mascuvado Chimney, the Chameleon
doing and what was inside her basket. From that time on, the Butterfly Garden, the Amorotic caves of Brgy. Magdungao,
place was called “Pasi” until it evolved to “Passi”. the breath-taking highway view with good sunset and the old
Population/ Language/ Area Railway Bridge which needs some preservation and attention
 The City of Passi is located south of Dumarao, southeast spanning the Jalaur River.
of Bingawan, east of Calinog, northeast of Dueñas, north
of San Enrique, and the southwest of San Rafael.

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 Bacolod City
“The City of Smiles”
History
 Bacolod was not established as a town until 1755 or 1756,
after the inhabitants of the coastal settlement of San
Sebastián de Magsung̃ay, was attacked by forces under
Datu Bantílan of Sulu on July 14, 1755 and the villagers
transferred from the coast to a hilly area called Bacólod.
Bernardino de los Santos became the first gobernadorcillo
(English: municipal judge or governor). The town of
Bacolod was constituted as a parroquia (English: parish) in
1788 under the secular clergy, but did not have a resident
priest until 1802, as the town was served by the priest from Business Opportunity
Bago, and later Binalbagan. By 1790, slave raids on
Bacolod by Moro pirates had ceased.
 Bacolod HistoryIn 1846, upon the request of Msgr.
Romualdo Jimeno, bishop of Cebu and Negros at that time,
Gobernador General (English: Governor-General) Narciso
Clavería y Zaldúa sent to Negros a team of Recollect
missionaries headed by Fr. Fernando Cuenca.A decree of
20 June 1848 by Gobernador General Clavería ordered the
restructuring of Negros politically and religiously. The
following year (1849), Negros Island Gobernadorcillo
Manuel Valdevieso y Morquecho transferred the capital of
the Province of Negros from Himamaylan to Bacolod and
the Augustinian Recollects were asked to assume spiritual
administration of Negros, which they did that same year.
Transfer of Bacolod to the Recollects, however, took place
only in 1871. Fray Mauricio Ferrero became the first
Augustinian Recollect parish priest of Bacolod and
successor to the secular priest, Fr. Mariano Ávila. In 1863, Capitol Building where it features sculptural work of a
a compulsory primary public school system was set up.
 In 1889, Bacolod became the capital of Occidental Negros
when the Province of Negros was politically divided into
the separate provinces of Occidental Negros (Spanish:
Negros Occidental) and Oriental Negros.
 In 1899, American forces occupied Bacolod and on October
19, 1938 by virtue of Commonwealth Act No. 326, Bacolod
was made a chartered city. However, on May 21, 1942 the
city was also colonized by the Japanese Forces, the
independence was gained on May 29, 1945.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Bacolod City recorded a total population of
511,820. Natives are called as Negrense, Ilonggo/Ilongga or
Bacolenos. The people mainly speak Hiligaynon as their
language. There are other who speaks English.
 Bacolod City has a total land area of 162.67 km2 (62.81 sq
mi), consists mainly of infrastructures and modern
buildings.
Products and Services
 Bacolod DelicaciesAntiques, handwoven cloth like hablon
(a native developed shimmer fabric), shellcraft, ceramic
ware, woodcraft, leather goods, pottery, baskets and
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children’s garments are among the best buys. Others are
shellcraft, ceramic ware and woodcraft.
 Tourists may visit the ANP Negros Showroom and the
Central Market which features best Negrese handicrafts and
products such as houseware, decorative objects, garments,
gift items and even food delicacies, , textiles, native
delicacies and fresh fruits such as rambutan, mangosteen,
guapple (hybrid guava and apple), durian, atis and golden
mangoes.
 And for antique furniture, heirloom pieces, and wooden
images of saints and curio items, one may visit Casa Grande
Antiques shop.
 Bacolod has been recommended by the Department of
Science and Technology’s Information and
Communication Technology Office (ICTO) and Business
Processing Association of the Philippines (BPAP) as the
best location in the Visayas for business process
outsourcing activities (BPO).
 Bacolod is the Philippines’ third fastest growing economy
in terms of IT-BPO growth.
 Among the notable business process outsourcing
companies operating in the city are Convergys,
Teleperformance, TeleTech, Transcom, Panasiatic, Focus
Direct, and Telequest.
Tourist Spots
Bacolod City Plaza Bandstand – this is the center for cultural
activities of the early Bacolenos during weekends, located at
the Bacolod City Public Plaza.
Capitol Park and Lagoon – this park is located in front of the
woman and a female water buffalo done by a French artist,
as well as a man and male buffalo which was also done by a
native Negrense artist.
The Province Capitol Building – built in 1927 and finished
1933. This building is used to be the current seat of the
Provincial Government of Occidental Negros. The building
boasts its architectural design of Neo-Roman classic style
that was really quite impressive. When the Japanese
occupied the country, the building was used as the General
Headquarters of the Japanese Imperial Army.
Negros Museum Provincial Capitol Building – this museum
was opened last March 18, 1996 and now under the Negros
Cultural Foundation, an NGO organization committed to
preserving the cultural and historical heritage of Negros.
Festivals and Celebrations
Masskara Festival – this famous festival of the city is
celebrated every third weekend of October nearest October
19, the city’s Charter Inauguration Anniversary. The dancers
are wearing colorful clothes and maskara (mask) throughout
the festival. Masskara derived from two words “mass” which
means a multitude of people and cara, meaning faces, thus
forming Masskara which basically means “multitude of
faces”.
 Bago City, Negros Occidental made from indigenous materials. It proves the international
History caliber of Bagonhon human resources and products.
 The earliest recorded history of Bago City dates back from the Business Opportunity
17th century when a group of settlers from Panay crossed the As an investment center, Bago City is a model of agri- industrial
Guimaras Strait and migrated to Negros. Some of those settlers development. It offers good entrepreneurial site for the utilization
went to the banks of Bago River, one of the largest rivers in of its agricultural products, dedicated and industrious human
Negros Island. resources, an access to sea faring crafts and a well developed road
 These settlers made the rapid growth of the community. They networks.
formed a village which capable of establishing its own Tourist Spots
government. When the Spaniards came to the place, they In the field of tourism, the city was awarded as the Best Tourism
petitioned them to make the village as “pueblo” or town and Oriented Local Government Unit in Western Visayas, component
name it Bago. Their petition was granted within that same year. city category.
 Bago experienced lots of oppressions from its colonizers. Balay ni Tan Juan – is being utilized as a museum and a home for
However, the people still continued to live and to fight for the the antiquated materials, tools, equipment and artifacts that were
desired freedom. They joined forces to free themselves from used, created or crafted during the lifetime of Tan Juan. It also
being exiled. One of the noted leaders of the revolutionary houses other works of art of the ancient times. This museum
organizations formed in Bago at that time was General Juan A. becomes the usual host for visiting tourists who want to know
Araneta. about the history, arts and culture of Bago City.
 Since then, Bago continued to aim for freedom and progress Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park – this park covers an area of 24,557.60
which were also reached when it was declared as a city on hectares with rainforest and verdant vegetation sliced among the
February 19, 1966. cities of Bago, San Carlos, Canlaon and the municipalities of
Population/ Language/ Area Murcia and La Castellana.
As of 2010, Bago City had a total population of 163,045, all living Rafael Salas Park and Nature Center – this park serves as the
within a land area of 401.20 km2 (154.90 sq mi). gateway to the Mt. Kanlaon natural Park. It appeals to mountain
Bago City directory - bago city hall climbers and adventure seekers because of the long and
Products and Services challenging trek to the peak of Mt. Kanlaon.
 Bago is an Agri – Industrial City, endowed with vast and long Kipot Twin Falls – Kipot Falls is located at the foot of Mt. Canlaon
stretch of rolling plains-carpeted with rice, sugarcane, corn, in barangay Mailum, western part of Bago City.
coconut, fruit trees and other high value crops. Festivals and Celebration
 Likewise, worthy of consideration is the world-class quality Babaylan Festival – this festival is celebrated every 19th of
barongs made from silk thread produced by the OlSCA-Bago February. Babaylan Festival is based on the rituals performed by
Training Center-Sericulture Project and the Tumandok Crafts, the Babaylans like rituals on marriage, baptism, healing, harvest
Industries Incorporated that produces export quality handicrafts and others. Babaylans get their healing powers from the unseen
spirits.
Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
History
 One can trace the history of Cadiz from the establishment of a traditional settlement in a place known as Cadiz Viejo, near
the banks of Hilaton River. According to historical records, it was on 1861 when Spaniards came and named the settlement
as Cadiz because of its northern location which reminded them of the seaport by the same name in Spain.
 Cadiz became a municipality independent from Saravia (now E.B Magalona) in 1878. When the Spanish-American War
broke up, people of Cadiz took part in the insurrection.
 At the onset of American rule, Cadiz was on its way to prosperity with the operation of two lumber companies in the area.
The war years brought a stop to all these economic activities and much suffering to the people of Cadiz. The resistance
movement put up the civil government in the mountains to deal with civilian affairs.
 On July 1967, Cadiz was inaugurated as a city by virtue of Republic Act No. 4894 which was passed by Congress on June
17, 1967.
Population/ Language/ Area
 According to the 2010 population census, Cadiz City has a total population of 151,500. These people mainly speaks
Hiligaynon as their native language while there are also some who speak Cebuano. Land area, covers a total of 524.57 km2
(202.54 sq mi). It represents 6.5% of the total land area of the province.
 Cadiz is generally used for rural community. Of all the 69,000 hectares of land area, 35,955.1728 hectares are classified as
agricultural land, 16,972.446 as open grassland; 11,621 hectares as forest; 1,028.8215 hectares as aqua-culture; 3,229.8794
hectares as built-up; and 192.6803 hectares as industrial land.
Business Opportunity
Industries that can be developed in the city include food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing.
The manufacture of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are
encouraged. The establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots: -Lakawon Island White Sand Beach -Cadiz Catholic Church

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Escalante City, Negros Occidental
History
Virtually nothing is known of Escalante during the pre-Hispanic era. But archaeological findings in October 1975 and
May 1976 made by a team of Anthropology students led by Professor Lionel Chiong of Silliman University reveal early
record of men who inhabited not only the present city but also the island of Negros during the Pre-Spanish time. The
findings were recovered in nine (9) graves in what seemed to be an ancient burial ground in Brgy. Japitan, a coastal
barangay lying along the Tañon Strait, facing the island of Cebu, some 17 kilometers from the city proper. The artifacts
consists of celadon plate and bowls, stoneware bowls and jars, a Sung Dynasty (960-1280 A.D.) jarlet, gold beads, iron
implements, daggers and a hunting knife with ivory bone handle. Obviously buried with the dead, the plate, bowls, jars
and iron implements were found alongside the skeletal remains, the daggers and hunting knife on top of the breast section,
and the gold beads inside the skulls in-between the upper and lower jaws. When carbon-14 tested, these findings together
with the human skeletal remains were found to date as far back as the 12th century A.D. All this prove that this part of the
island now known as Escalante was inhabited by settlers with a relatively developed culture who were engaged in some
form of trade and commerce with the outside world, such as the Chinese traders who could have brought the jarlet,
stoneware and celadon pieces during the Ages of Contacts and Trade with the East (11th & 12th centuries A.D.)
Population/ Language/ Area
 Escalante City, which is mainly consist of sugarcane farms and lowland hills with a little urban area, has a total land of
192.76 km2 (74.43 sq mi).
 The city is located in the northeastern part of Negros Occidental Province in Western Visayas Region. It is bounded on
the north and west by Sagay City, on the east by the Visayan Sea and on the south by the town of Taboso. Escalante
can reach by air via Bacolod-Silay International Airport or by sea. It has a total land area of 192.7 square kilometers
and is composed of 21 barangays.
Products and Services
Local products of Escalante City are mainly sugar cane. These harvested sugar canes are transferred to the nearest sugar
plantations to extract the sugar from it. Sugars are also shipped to the provinces and cities in the country. There are also
rice and corn products in the city
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Himamaylan City, Negros Occidental
History
 It was in the middle part of 1565 when the Spaniards came and subjugated Himamaylan. Aside from subduing the
people of the settlement, it was also the desire of the Spaniards to introduce the religion to them and the form of
government they bring. They introduced the Encomiends System by which a piece of land including its products and
other resources, and its inhabitants were granted to members of the conquering force as their puppets.
 Himamaylan was founded in the 18th century and it became the second capital of Negros Island from 1795-1849.
 Because of the oppressions that the people were experiencing from the Spaniards, revolutionary movements were
created. On November 4, 1898, these revolutionary forces received orders from Gen. Juan Araneta to disclose the
Spanish Soldiers stationed in the town on November 5, and the rest of the towns in Negros. Because of the lack of
weapons, they were not able to foolow the command. It was only on November 8, 1898 when the Deputy Commander
for Southern Negros showed a copy of the Act of Capitulation tot he Spanish Corporal that the Spanish Soldiers
surrendered and freed the Himamaylan. Himamaylan was the last town to have been liberated from the Spanish
Government.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Himamaylan is located at the center-most cove on the coastline of Negros Island. Himamaylan has a natural harbor
characterized by deep water favorable to access by marine vessels.
 Located in the center of Negros island, with Negros central to Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao, the city is conducive
to operations reaching all parts of the country and the rest of the world from a strategic point. Most portions of the city
are plains and generally have fertile soil, conducive for agriculture. The city’s rivers are 12 feet or deeper, providing
drainage for farmland.
Products and Services
 Major economic activities are resource extractive such as farming, forestry and fishing. These are followed by business
and professional practice.

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  The City’s major agricultural products are sugarcane, palay and corn. Fishponds cover 496.05 has. While the area
devoted prawn production extends to about 155.97 has. The estimated average annual fish production is at 5,850 metric
tonnes. Fishponds are mostly located in Bgys. Caradio-an and Talaban. The major fishery products include fish, talaba,
greenshell, tahong and others.
Tourist Spots
Buenavista Heroes Park – this placed shows the heroism of the Himamaylanons during the Japanese rule.
Acapulco Spring Resort – this is a twin swimming pool nestled along the mountains of barangay Mahalang. The place is
overlooking the view of Himamaylan. It also has a cave, perfect to explore.
Festivals and Celebrations
Himaya-an Festival – this festival is celebrated every April 14-25 in honor and praise to God for the good harvest and
good life endowed to the people of Himamaylan. There are merrymaking and street dancing along the city’s main roads.
Bunlaw Festival – every year (a day after), people in Himamaylan and of nearby town and cities trooped to Batang
Peninsula to celebrate this festival to refresh the body and mind, for them to face the new year with optimism. Many
beach activities are lined up for enjoyment of beach goers.
Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental
History
 Kabangkalan City, Negros OccidentalAccording to historians the first inhabitants of Kabankalan were people who came
from neighboring towns. They derived the name Kabankalan from the word “Bangkal” a species of trees which is
abundant and can be found in the place. The settlers established the Barangay form of government, which every group
has its own leader called the Capitan.
 In early years, Kabankalan started as a barrio of Ilog, a neighboring town of the city today. When Kabankalan turned into
a town in 1903, its first town president was Capitan Lorenzo Zayco, but in mid-1907 a group of rebel called “pulahan”
led by Papa Isio raided the town and burned all the houses. However, the people of Kabankalan quickly recovered and
rebuilt the town from destruction caused by the dissidents.
 During the Spanish regime, the people were taught by the Spanish with their language and introduced the Roman
Catholic religion. When the American came they introduced the democratic form of government. During this time, a lot
of improvements came through to the town and new modern techniques of farming were introduced by the Americans to
the local farmers that give them good products.
 After the American regime, another invaders occupied the town of Kabankalan: the Japanese, and during this time, a
guerilla unit was formed to oppose the foreign aggression and many people fled to the mountain to avoid the Japanese
military abuse but when Americans returned in the island, they helped the people to be freed from the Japanese.
 After the World War II, the town began to move and regain the economy. The establishment of two sugar mills in 1960’s
and early 70’s give the town a boost into the list of top improving towns of Negros.
 The town of Kabankalan was declared by former president Fidel V. Ramos as a chartered city on August 2, 1997, under
Republic Act No. 8297.
Population/ Language/ Area
 With a total land area of 697.35 km2 (269.25 sq mi), Kabankalan City is inhabited by a total population of 167,666 (2010
census).
 Kabangkalan City MapKabankalan occupies the central portion of the Southern Negros Island and its geographically
located at 10° north and 122° east. It is bounded on the north by the City of Himamaylan, on the northwest by Panay Gulf,
on the southwest by Municipality of Ilog and on the southeast by the Province of Negros Oriental. It is 90 kilometers
away from Bacolod City and 100 kilometers from Dumaguete City and the Southern most town of Hinoba-an.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
 City Hall with its interesting architecture  Agustina Falls
 City Plaza  Magballo Cave
 Mag-aso Falls
Festivals and Celebrations
Sinulog (Kabankalan) Festival – this festival happens every January 10-16. This is the city’s version of Sinulog Festival of
Cebu, where the participants wear colorful costumes with bare bodies painted in black soot take to the streets to the
riotous and frenzied beats of drums celebrating the feast of El Señor Sto. Niño.

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 La Carlota City, Negros Occidental
History
 Even before the Spaniards discovered La Carlota, it was already an agricultural settlement. The natives grew rice for
consumption, and tobacco for export. The earliest known settlement within the jurisdiction of La Carlota was along
banks of Candaguit River. It was only in 1856 when historians mentioned about the village Mampunay, and the shift of
the two settlements in an area which the parish priest appointed to be the area from settlements, the barrio of Simancas.
 In 1856, the barrio of Simancas was placed under the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Valladolid. On July 23, 1864,
however, the people of San Enrique, Pontevedra and Simancas were taken away from Valladolid to form the town of San
Enrique. On October 15, 1869, the King of Spain issued a Royal Decree elevating Pontevedra into a parish and Simancas
into a town. In 1871, King CArlos of Spain issued another Royal Decree changing the name of the town Simancas to La
Carlota.
 By the 1890’s, La Carlota’s agriculture advances became a model for farms in Negros. During this period the sugar
planters of La Carlota had become sophisticated enough to organize a Circulo de Agricultores, the first organization in
the island to under take an anti-locust campaign, and to participate actively during the 1898 revolution.
Population/ Language/ Area
 La Carlota has a total land area of 137.29 square kilometers and is being inhabited by 63,852 population (2010 census).
The city is geographically located at the Southwestern portion of Negros occidental. It is bounded in the North of Bago
City, the mountain ranges of Kanlaon Volcano in the East; the town of La Castellana in the Southeast, the town of
Pontevedra in the South and the town of San Enrique in the East.
 People in La Carlota speaks Hiligaynon as their native language like the rest of the people in Bacolod.
Products and Services
The 2006 Annual General Fund Budget was P 176,243,962.00. Agriculture is the main source of income of the people.
Employment and business are also considerable sources of income. Sugar is the main agricultural product of La
Carlota.
Tourist Spots
Guintubdan Pavillion – Guintubdan is smaller compared to other tourist spots in the province. But with many natural
features it offers such as waterfalls, scenic views, and many other spell-binding attractions.
Muscovado Mill Ruins – this sugar mill was constructed in 1910 and was powered by an A & W Smith Company steam
engine manufactured in 1883 in Glasgow. The mill was constructed before the establishment of Central Azucarera de la
Carlota.
Festivals and Celebrations
Pasalamat Festival – this festival is based on the tradition of giving thanks to gods of elements after a bountiful harvest by
the ancient of Buglas. The city takes on a festive atmosphere during the weeklong celebration, which culminates with a
Mardi Gras like parade of floats and caricatures. This festival is held every last week of April or first week of May.
Sagay City, Negros Occidental sq mi). Sagay City is located along the northeastern
History coast of Negros Island. It is bounded on the north by the
 Sagay City was formerly known as Arguellas. It was Visayan Sea, on the east by Escalante City and the town
founded by Teniente Francisco Rodriguez and Basilio of Toboso, on the south by the town of Calatrava, and on
Cordova on 1860 in the mouth of the Bulanon River. the west by the cities of Cadiz and Silay.
Later, by the order of the Spanish governor, the town Tourist Spots
was transferred to Pueblo de Magallanes (now known as Sagay Marine Reserve – this is a protected marine
Old Sagay) to honor Fernando Magallanes. reserve established in 1999 to protect marine life in
 It was in 1906 that the name of the town was changed Carbin and Maca reefs. Sagay is the largest marine
into Sagay. It was taken from the semi-spherical shell reserve in the Philippines, covering an area of 32,000
called “sigay”, which can be found in the area. At this hectares.
period of Sagay’s history, land trasportation began to Himoga-an River Cruise – this is a community-based
supplant sea travel but the seaside community continued tourism project patterned after the Bohol River Cruise.
to flourish. The first public schools conducted in English This cruise will take up to two hours. This boat also
were established and Mr. Cornelio Pascual Sr. was serves as as floating restaurant.
assigned as the first English teacher in Vito. More Festivals and Celebrations
American missionaries were also sent to tutor more Sinigayan Festival – this festival is held every 3rd week
Filipino English teachers. of March to honor their patron saint Joseph. Sinigayan
Population/ Language/ Area concocted from the spherical shell “sigay” which
As of 2010, Sagay City recorded a population of abounds many islets and shores of the city.
140,740, all living in a land area of 330.34 km2 (127.54

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San Carlos City, Negros Occidental
History
 During the 17th century, San Carlos City’s name was Nabingkalan which believed to have derived from the name of
the chieftain’s daughter in Negrito settlement who governed the barrio at that time. This settlement was later bought by
a native from Cebu and then converted it into a Christian Village.
 When the Spaniards came, the Island of Buglas (Negros) was divided into 2 provinces, the West negros under Iloilo
and the East Negros under Cebu. The barrio of Nabingkalan was under the jurisdiction of Iloilo at that time and it was
renamed into Pueblo.
 In 1890, Negros Island was divided into Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental, making Pueblo a barrio of Calatrava.
A few years later, a parish priest of Calatrava assembled the cabesas de barangay and all agreed to change the name of
the town to San Carlos in honor of Patron Saint Carlos Borromeo. Then on Novemer 4, 1898 th seat of the town was
transferred to San Carlos. In 1925, Calatrava was organized into a municipality.
 During the Spanish regime in 1856, the Island of Buglas (Negros) was divided into two (2) provinces, the West Negros
under Iloilo and the East Negros under Cebu. The barrio of Nabingkalan was under the jurisdiction of Iloilo and since
then the place was renamed to “Pueblo”. Then in 1890, Negros Island was divided into Negros Occidental and Negros
Oriental making Pueblo a barrio of Calatrava. A few years later, a parish priest of Calatrava assembled the cabesas de
barangay and all agreed to change the name of the town to San Carlos in honor of Patron Saint Carlos Borromeo. Then
on November 4, 1898 the seat of the town was transferred to San Carlos. In 1925, Calatrava was organized into a
municipality.
 In the onset of First World War, the residents of San Carlos produced enough staple and sugar crops and when the
ceasefire happened on 1917, most of the planters or residents having sugar plantations gained more wealth due to the
increase in the price of sugar. Then in World War II, residents of San Carlos and Calatrava formed a guerilla
movement under the leadership of Lt. Leonardo Marane and Lt. Alfredo Valdivia to fight the Japanese Imperial Forces.
In March 1945, the local guerilla attacked the Japanese garrison in the compound of San Carlos Milling Company and
succeeded.
 On July 1, 1960, by virtue of Republic Act 2643, the Municipality of San Carlos was converted into the City of San
Carlos. Improvements and city development then paved way since then.
(Population/ Language/ Area)
 Total recorded population of San Carlos City is 129,981 (2010 population census). People of San Carlos speaks
Cebuano as their native language. There are some who still speaks Hiligaynon and a little Tagalog.
 Total land area of San Carlos City is 451.50 km2 (174.33 sq mi). The city is consist of sloping to rolling lands. There
are also steep areas with slope distribution and has a coastline stretch of about 21 kilometers.
(Business Opportunity)
San Carlos City is located just a few kilometers away from other neighboring cities such as Bacolod and Dumaguete
which make it as a strategic business hub. Now, the city already has various commercial and business structures,
residential subdivisions, townhouses and recreation centers. The city is also said to be an ideal investment destination due
to its strategic location and rich assets in terms of agriculture and real estate. The local government supports all business
ventures by giving attractive incentives such as seven (7) years exemption from taxes and other fees and five (5) years
exemption from real estate taxes to various new businesses in the city.
(Tourist Spots)
Sipaway Island – also known as Refugio Island, this island has a century-old Balete tree, white sand beach resort, a
private wharf and a recreation center and a huge public swimming pool.
Codcod Rice Terraces – this is just 28 kilometers away from the city proper. This place serves as the main source of rice
and vegetables in the city.
Hacienda House of Don Teodolfo Infante – located at Hacienda Guadalupe and was built in 1929 with unique
architecture.
(Festivals and Celebrations)
Bailes De Luces (La Castellana) – This is celebrated annually on December 30 to January 5 as a festival of hope and
thanksgiving.
Banana Festival (La Castellana) – This is a harvest festival every first week of April.
Pinta Flores Festival –This is celebrated every year in the month of November with flowers tattooed on the bodies of the
participants and their costumes.

Silay City, Negros Occidental

History

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 In 1565, Silay was first called as “Carobcob”, which means “to scratch” in Kinaray-a. That was because the people
were relying on harvesting tuway clams which involved “scratching” (or raking) the sands for the mullocks at low tide,
as a means of livelihood.
 Carobcob was granted as an encomienda to Cristobal Nuñez Paroja, one of the 17 soldiers of Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
on January 25, 1571. Even though already established encomienda, the settlement was not still safe for the attacks of
the native oppressors. In the second half of the century, Moro slave raiders escalated their incursions on the island,
forcing the Corregidor of Negros to adopt the policy of flight rather than resistance. People left their homes sometime
in 1760 and settled in a new location between two small rivers Matagoy and Panaogao. A paloisades or estacada
(Spanish for “fortification”) was constructed to protect the populace from Moro raiders. The place is now known as
Sitio Estaca, its name derived from the Spanish word estacada.
 In 1760 Silay was recognized as a town being referred to in a letter from Governor Juan Jose de Mijares (1772–1775)
mentioning Silay as a leading town in the north. In 1776, the bishop of Cebu considered Silay as the center of the
parish. In 1760, it became a pueblo or town. By 1896, it had become a leading sugar-producing area because of the
Horno Economico (sugar mill) built in 1846 by a Frenchman who became a permanent resident of Silay, Yves Leopold
Germain Gaston.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Silay City recorded a total population of 120,999. These people are consist of Hiligaynon, Cebuano and
Tagalog speaking natives. There are also some foreigners who live within the city boundary.
 Silay City’s land area reaches up to 214.80 km2 (82.93 sq mi). This component city and fishing port forms a broad
plain that extends 25 km from the coastline to the base of rugged hills and mountain ranges.
Tourist Spots
Cinco de Nobiembre Marker – marks the site of the first exchange of shots between the Filipino and Spanish forces on
Novvember 5, 1898. It was also the location where the northern forces of Gen. Lacson assembled and raised the
Philippine flag.
Ramon Hofilena Museum – located at No. 14 Cinco de Noviember Street, is a typical turn of the century Philippine
ancestral home built in 1934. Now a museum, it displays more than 1,000 works of Goya and Picasso, works of Dr. Jose
Rizal, Juan Luna and Felix Resurrection Hidalgo, imported Chinese pottery, silver picture frames, antiques and a
collection of small dolls (said to be the smallest in the world, you need a magnifying glass to appreciate them). It also
houses the oldest printmaking workshop outside Manila, Silay Printmaking, founded on 1970.
Balay Negrense – is one of the largest ancestral house in Silay City. It was built in a Neo-Renaissance style (1898 to
1912) by Frenchman Yves Leopold Germain Gaston of Lisieux. Gaston, the first sugar baron in the 19th century,
generated wide-scale interest in cultivating sugar on a commercial scale. His horno econonmico is the precursor of today’s
sugar mills. The house built was said said to have been occupied by Japanese military officers in World War II. It was a
venue for a ballet school run by one of the descendants until the early 1970s and was abandoned shortly thereafter. It was
later restored and was opened in 1987 by the Negros Cultural Foundation as a lifestyle museum showcasing Negrense art
and culture. It boasts of 12 bedrooms, a grand W-shaped stairway, calado or carved panels that served as ventilators
between rooms, antique furniture, Gaston memorabilia, etched window glass, fancy-grilled ventanillas and sprawling
gardens. Open Tuesdays-Sundays, 10am-6pm.
Festivals and Celebrations
Kansilay Festival – this festival is celebrated every 12th of June. The festival runs with a story of a Princess named
Kansilay who defended the settlement from the invading pirates. She fought for her people. They were successful in
driving out the pirates but the princess died in the battle.
Adobo Festival – locals as well as foreign visitors flock into Balay Negrense along 5 de Noviembre Street, Silay City, to
taste many kinds of adobo cooked by the locals.
Sipalay City, Negros Occidental
History
 Sipalay City started as a settlement of the wandering Bornean datus. These settlers started their stay almost in the year
1800s. The people were staying near the Canman-og River, known today as Naga River or Sipalay River, and was
being rules by Basilio Debuyan. Houses were built and a village was organized. However, the peaceful village near the
Sipalay River didn’t existed that long. The Sipalay River brought much destruction to the village and the people. The
whole village was swallowed up by the river, making the church and plaza to be carried away by the flood. Because of
that, the people decided to transfer to a flat land area across the river to the north. The selected area was forestland. The
former settlement is now known as Sipalay Diotay. It stands today as the sentimental reminder of a once happy and
prosperous village.

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 Within the new place, the people continued to make their living. Much of the people focused in the agriculture and
aqua-culture industry. Making Sipalay as an already organized settlement even before the Americans came.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Sipalay recorded last 2010 a total population of 67,403. The people speak Hiligaynon as their native language. There
are also lots of natives who can speak English and Tagalog.
 Total land area is 379.78 km2 (146.63 sq mi).
 The City of Sipalay is the second to the southernmost town in the province of Negros Occidental. It is bounded by the
municipalities of Cauayan in the north, Hinobaan in the south, and Candoni in the east. To its west is the Sulu Sea. The
city lies approximately 178 kilometers from the provincial capital of Bacolod City and can be reached via the national
road from Bacolod to Hinobaan within 3 to 4 hours.
Tourist Spots
Sugar Beach – this is a German, Swiss and Filipino-owned resorts line which offers an excellent place for swimming and
various water activities.
Tinagong Dagat – a hidden sea sprinkled with dozen islets covered with lush vegetation. The sea bottom is covered with
patches of sea grass beds, with the shoreline lined by mangroves.
Punta Ballo Beach – located within the proximity of Tinagong Dagat. This has fine white sands, stretching to kilometers.
This is also the nearest jump off point towards the sea, ideal for snorkeling and diving due to the rich marine life.
Festivals and Celebrations
Pasaway sa Sipalay – this festival is annually celebrated every last week of March, marking the Charter Anniversary of
the city. It features street dancing and merry making by performers from seventeen barangays of the city attired in
mardigras and exotic costumes int he semblance of copper minerals.
Handurawan Festival – this festival is held every December 18-20 coupled with the yuletide season. This is a three-day
activity scheduled to give Sipalaynon and other tourist visitors a time to enjoy.
Talisay City, Negros Occidental
History
The primary settlers in Talisay were the Negritos who came from the north mountain ranges of Negros. By 1788, families
of Malay descent settled in the pristine part of Negros Island and named it as Minuluan. Sugar plantations progressed in
the place and lots of traders and buyers came to buy the products that the place is proud of – sugar. Haciendas were also
created where large hectares of sugarcanes were planted.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The people, which are consist of 97,571 (2010 population census) speaks Hiligaynon as their native language.
 Talisay City has a total land area of 20,118 hectares or 201.18 sq. km. Among its 27 barangays, Brgy. San Fernando is
the biggest barangay with its total land area of 4,240 hectares. The smallest barangays are Brgy. Zone 8 and Brgy.
Zone 9 having total land area of only 3 hectares.
 The topography of the City ranges from generally flat terrain to moderately sloping with mountainous areas located at
Brgy. Katilingban, Brgy. San Fernando and Brgy. Cabatangan.
 The soil in the City is primarily composed of fine sandy loam with a small portion of Guimbala-on clay.
 There are two pronounced seasons in the City: wet season from June to December and dry season from January to
May.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
The Ruins or “Don mariano Ledesma Lacson Mansion” – this is one of the latest attractions if the city. This is actually an
old mansion standing in thr middle of sugarcane plantations, debut and other parties are normally held here due to the
romantic and relaxing ambiance of the place.
Nature’s Village Resort – is located along the Talisay National Highway. This is a rustic, country-style resort complete
with restaurants, swimming pools, tennis court, driving range, function rooms and hotel facilities. A children’s park,
complete with bike tracks, horse back ridding, and a playground, also include their amenities. it is an ideal home-away-
from-home setting with resort features.
Campuestuhan – located at 21.9 kilometers away from the city proper in Barangay Cabatangan. This place has a
breathtaking view of the cities of Talisay, Bacolod and Silay. This forest reserve is a home to many rare and endangered

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 forest species. An exciting cable car ride takes you across the ravine and three-hour trek will take you to the mysterious
Tinagong Dagat, a hidden lake rich with lore and history.
Henares Garden and Resort – the resort has a spring swimming pool, and it promotes vermiculture and grows fresh
vegetables, black pepper, and different varieties of herbs and tropical plants.
Festivals and Celebrations
Minuluan Festival – this is an annual culture and arts festival celebrating the unique identity of the Talisaynons. Held
every September 4-10, it inspires the present generation with the cherished traditions and rich culture of the past and the
bravery of its ancestors especially. The festival is also celebrating the feast of its patron saint, San Nicolas de Tolentino
which falls on the 10th of September.
Pasidungog Festival – is the Charter Day, thanksgiving festival of the city celebrated every 11th of February. It is a three-
day festival which showcases the artistry and skills of the Talisaynons. Competitions in vocal solo, composo, cheer and
dance, folk and pop dance, drum and bugle corps, platoon drill, chorale and sports are some of the events. The Pasidungog
Queen Pageant, a beauty talent search highlights the festivities.
Victorias City, Negros Occidental
History
 The town of Victorias was originally located in what is now known as Daan Banwa (Old Town), a fishing village
beside Malihaw River and near its outlet to the sea.
 During the Spanish era, the town was called Malihaw, a name taken from Malihaw trees which grew in abundance
along the riverbanks. It was ruled by Capitan Gregorio Conlu, and Moro pirates and Tulisanes reigned unmolested.
 One day, the Capitan’s household was robbed. He was able to escape together with his Secretary Alfonso Pachera, but
his wife Capitana Tutang and their servant Micay were taken aboard the sailboat which immediately sailed for the open
sea. When Capitana Tutang was asked whether she knew how to swim, she replied that she could not. And so she and
her servant were thrown overboard while their vessel was just outside Malihaw’s river mouth.
 The robbers sailed on believing that the two will be drowned. But that was not the case, for both women were good
swimmers. While struggling in the water, Capitana Tutang saw a beautiful lady she believed was the Blessed Virgin
Mary.
 When she reached home she prayed and promised to buy an image of the Lady who helped her. But having been
divested of their possessions, it took several months of careful savings to be able to purchase the image from
Barcelona, Spain. However, since she did not specify what image she wanted, Capitana Tutang received the statue of
the Nuestra Senora de las Victorias, which to her amazement held the likeness of the Lady who saved her and Micay
from drowning. The inhabitants later proposed to change the name Malihaw to Nuestra Senora de las Victorias to
perpetuate the miraculous incidents. They enjoined Capitan Gorio to ask the Governor to approve the change of name.
The governor gave his consent, but retained only “Victorias” as the official name.
 On February 11, 1998, Victorias became a component city when Republic Act No. 8488 was signed into law by then
President Fidel V. Ramos. Witnessing the signing at Malacanang were officials of Victorias led by Mayor Severo A.
Palanca and key officials of Congress.
 A plebiscite for the ratification was held on March 21, 1998. On March 21, 1999, Victorias City celebrated its first
anniversary.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Victorias City recorded a total population of 88,299 with an average population density of 660/km2
(1,700/sq mi). These people speak Hiligaynon as their local language. There are however a mix of Cebuano and
Tagalog speakers residing in the city.
 The city has a total land area of 133.92 km2 (51.71 sq mi), featuring
 Business Opportunity
 The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The
manufacture of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are
encouraged. The establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
Gawahon Eco-tourism Development project – has seven natural waterfalls that nature lovers and trekkers would love to
explore. Various facilities and other infrastructure projects are being implemented through the Gawahon Eco-tourism
Development Project. There are also two-room staff house, a one-room cottage and open shed house/ picnic cabanas.
The Victorias Public Plaza – is surrounded by different horticultural plants, flowers and trees. This plaza is considered as
one of the tourist attractions in the city. Facilities include an amphitheater, skating rink, SK and Senior Citizens pavilion.
It has a small lagoon with man-made waterfalls as an added attraction.

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 Victorias Milling Company – this is the biggest integrated sugar mill and refinery in the world. The more than 7,000-
hectare compound is self-contained agro-industrial complex with a world famous St. Joseph the Worker Church that
features the Angry Christ Mural. Tours run everyday except weekend and Mondays.
Festivals and Celebrations
The city celebrates the Annual Charter Anniversary every 21st day of March and Annual Fiesta every 26th day of April.
On this occasion, the search for Lin-ay sang Victorias, street dancing and other cultural activities are presented. Visitors
from neighboring towns and cities as well as from other provinces come to Victorias to see the beauty and culture of
Victoriahanons.
Region 7 (Central Visayas)
Central Visayas, designated as Region VII, is a region of the Philippines located in the central part of the Visayas island
group. It consists of four provinces—Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, and Siquijor— and the highly urbanized cities of
Cebu City, Lapu-Lapu City, and Mandaue City. The region is dominated by the native speakers of Cebuano. Cebu City is
its regional center.
There are, as of now, 16 cities that complete the Central Visayas Region; these are:
1. Tagbilaran City 9. Talisay City
2. Bogo City 10. Bais City
3. Carcar City 11. Bayawan City
4. Cebu City 12. Canlaon City
5. Danao City 13. Dumaguete City
6. Lapu-Lapu City 14. Guihulngan City
7. Mandaue City 15. Tanjay City
8. Naga City
Tagbilaran City, Bohol
“The City of Friendship”
Bohol Lovely Girls and CoupleTagbilaran city is the principal gateway to Bohol. The city is also considered by the
Institute for Solidarity in Asia as one of the eigth Philippine Dream Cities, along with Samal, San Fernando, La Union,
Cebu City, Iloilo City, Marikina, Naga, Calbayog City and Surigao City. It was also recognized as one of the “20 Most
Competitive Cities in the Philippines” and “Pinoy Cities on the Rise” in 2005 and 2007 by the Asian Institute of
Management (AIM) Policy Center.
History
 Hundred years before the Spaniards came to the Philippines, the settlement of which eventually became Tagbilaran
City was already made a trading with China and Malaysia.
 The Spaniards arrived and the settlement came in contact with Spanish conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. The
native chieftain Datu Sikatuna pledge peace and cooperation with them through blood compact.
 Tagbilaran was establish as a town on February 9, 1742 as San Jose de Tagbilaran by General Don Francisco Antonio
Calderon de la Barca, Governor of the Visayas, who separated it from the town of Baclayon. The town was dedicated
to St. Joseph the Worker. Since then, it was part of the province of Bohol until it became a chartered city on July 1,
1966 by Republic Act No. 4660.
Population/ Language/ Area
Tagbilaran City is a 2nd class component city in the island of Bohol, Philippines as serves as its capital. It lies on the
southwestern part of the province and has a total land area of 32.7 square kilometers with about 13 kilometers of coastline,
inhabited by 96,792 populations (2010 census). The city is on the south of Cortes, southwest of Corella west of the town
of Baclayon and is about 630 kilometer southeast of Manila and 72 kilometers south of Cebu City.
Products and Services
 Agriculture is the main industry in the province. Products mostly-generated are rice, coconut and corn.
 Fishing can be found in the northern towns, particularly those beside the Camotes Sea. Among the minerals the
province produces are manganese, iron and tin.
 Bohol’s handicrafts are famous throughout the country. These include baskets, items woven with saguran fibers, abaca
mats and slippers, the buntal hats of Talibon, and shellcraft. These crafts are sold in souvenir-shops all over the
country.
Business Opportunity
 The City of Tagbilaran has that relative advantage as Bohol’s main business capital and center of governance,
education and transportation. It is on this climate that commerce and trade is very promising in the city, and business
activities thrive in port towns (e.g. Ubay, Tubigon, Talibon, Jagna) known to be growth centers of the province.
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 Many residents of Tagbilaran City are considerably moneyed, but when it comes to business development, they
become investment-shy. It is observable that dollar earners and entrepreneurs would rather save and bank their money
rather than invest them for business endeavor. In the light of this situation, the inflow of investments from foreign
investors is steadily pouring in to finance business ventures especially in the area of tourism.
 The two local food delicacies, “Peanut Kisses” and “Edelweiss torta”, were started and promoted by the Alvarez
family.
 For a city its size, Tagbilaran has more than 20 banking institutions serving its populace as well as the entire province.
This is due to the “thriftiness” of Bol-anons and remittances received from locals working abroad who hail from the
city and other towns in Bohol. The average household income is P 141,028.00/annum in 12,876 households.
Tourist Spots
The city is a start-off point to Bohol province’s attractions: the Chocolate Hills, Tarsier, white sandy beaches, dive spots,
heritage sites and old stone churches. Home to several hotels, resorts, and restaurants, the city has recently become a
venue for national conventions and gatherings.
These are the tourist spots in Bohol that you can visit:
 Blood Compact Marker  Bilar Man Made Forest
 Baclayon Church & Museum (optional P 50 /  Bohol Habitat (formally Simply Butterflies)
person)  Chocolate Hills Complex Viewing Deck
 Tarsier Conservation Area  Aproniana Souvenir Shop
 River Cruise with Lunch
 Bamboo Hanging Bridge

Bogo City
History
 Bogo’s political community dates back to the arrival of the first waves of early Spanish colonizers in the capital city of
Cebu. Settlements were already thriving along the shorelines of the town wherein seafaring tribes and traders from
distant islands of the Visayas region and as far as the southern islands of Mindanao occasionally come to these
settlements to sell or barter their products with the natives.The year 1600 ushered in the founding of real settlement
which was subsequently transformed into a barangay where small huts made of cogon and bamboos squatted at the site
where the Bogo Central Extension now stands. While the barangay was then a part of another bustling community of
the north, now known as the town of Daan Bantayan. Hence, in January 1850 the Bishop of Cebu appointed Father
Jaime Micalot, a Spanish friar, as the first Parish priest of Bogo and declared Saint Vincent Ferrer as the town’s patron
saint.
 The first mass was celebrated in a hastily built structure made of cogon roofing, mixed with bamboo and lumber
materials on April 5, 1850, which coincided with the death anniversary of the Patron Saint. Unfortunately, this chapel
was gutted by fire of undetermined origin and a new stone church was constructed in the same place where the present
Bogo Town Plaza is located.
 Early historians aver that the town of Bogo derived its name from a lone Bogo tree which stood on the brink of the
shore which is now part of Bogo wharf. Under its foliage, the natives of the place meet incoming traders who rode on
frail sailboats loaded with goods to be sold or bartered with the natives of the town. Some of these traders, however,
remained and married with the natives of the place.
Population/Land/Area
 Bogo City mapPer censal period as of 2007, the population of Bogo is recorded at 69,123. The population density of
Bogo in that same year stood at 741.6 and with a population growth rate of 1.09 for the past 7 years.
 Bogo has an area of 10,545 hectares, which constitutes 2.7% of the total land area of Cebu province. It has 29
barangays or villages, seven of which are located along the coast. The city belongs to the 4th Congressional District of
Cebu. The city has a gentle rolling terrain to nearly level along the northeastern portion consisting of barangays Don
Pedro Rodriguez, Polambato, Cayang, Poblacion, Dakit, Malingin, Gairan, and Nailon. It has a coastal line running
approximately 27 kms., fringed with coral formations with pockets of sandy shores at Nailon, Siocon, and Odlot.
Products and Services
The land form and geologic formations of the area reflect the relatively broad limestone plain/mountain landscape. The
terrain characteristic of this particularly geomorphic mapping unit is level to nearly flat, with common to many rock
outcrops and very thin soils.
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 Tourist Attractions
Kalanggaman Light House
Nailon Beach Resort – Uniquely designed, Nailon features nipa-thatched roofed huts with 19 rooms all fully air-
conditioned, equipped with twin beds and private shower rooms with running hot and cold water. Outside each room is a
spacious balcony furnished with a small sala set, just right for an afternoon or evening laze to take in the fresh breeze or
watch the evening sunset.
Nagano Pension House – is located in the heart of Bogo City. It provides easy access to the must-see heritage sites, urban
beaches, and commercial districts of Metro Bogo and its nearby islands (Capitancillo, Malapascua, Bantayan Island). The
clean, comfy, and well-located rooms at Nagano Pension House provide a great-value to visitors who wants to explore the
queen city of northern Cebu.
Festivals and Celebrations
The Festival involves Creative Street dancing depicting the sangi (Planting) and thanksgiving of the abundant harvest and
merrymaking through dancing the Kuyayang
Carcar City
History
 Carcar was proclaimed as a city July 7, 2007. However, almost one year passed, the Supreme Court ruled that the city,
together with other 16 cities in the Philippines did not meet the qualified requirements for the cityhood of a
municipality. They put a criteria that in order for a municipality to be an independent city, it should have an annual
income of not less than 100 million annually. These 16 cities, including Carcar did not meet the requirement, thus
making it as a municipality again.
 December 10, 2008, CArcar and other 15 cities affected filed a motion for reconsideration to the Supreme Court. More
thaa a half year later, the court reversed its ruling and restored the cityhood of Carcar and the other 15 cities affected.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Carcar City CebuCarcar is located approximately 40 km south of Cebu City. It is bounded on the north by San
Fernando; on the south by Sibonga; on the west by Barili and Aloguinsan; and on the east by the Bohol Strait. It has a
land area of approximately 116.78 km².
 The land is generally level with less than 18% slope composing of 78.7% of the total land area. Areas with slopes
ranging from 18 to 50% cover 19.3% of the total land area and those over 50% slope comprise approximately 1.9%. The
highest recorded elevation is a little over 660 meters above sea level, located within the barangay of Napo.
 The wet season occurs during the months of May to October and the dry season, from January to May.
 The recorded population of the city as of 2010 was 107,323.
Products and Services
 A visit to Carcar wouldn’t be complete without sampling its mouth-watering delights. Surrounding the Rotunda and in
the public market one will find the famous Carcar chicharon, lechon, ampao, bucarillo, gogorias and puso are just some
delectable delicacies worth tasting.
 Carcar Lechon
 Cebu Carcar delicacies
 Carcar City Fruits
Tourist Spots
The Heritage City of Cebu, Carcar is home to various Spanish to American period structures. The Carcar plaza alone hosts
several Heritage structures; the Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria dominates the area. Within the complex various
structures stand. Walking towards Sta. Catalina Street one will surely be astonished with the quaint houses and their
distinctive architectural details.

Cebu City, Cebu

The Queen City of the South
Cebu City is the capital city of the province of Cebu and is the second city of the Philippines. It serves as the center of a
metropolitan area called Metro Cebu, which includes the cities of Carcar, Danao, Lapu-lapu, Mandaue, Naga, and Talisay.
History
 On April 7, 1521, Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan landed in Cebu. He was welcomed by Rajah Humabon, the
king of Cebu, together with his wife and about 700 native islanders. Magellan, however, was killed in the Battle of
Mactan, and the remaining members of his expedition left Cebu soon after several of them were poisoned by Humabon
due to threats of foreign occupation.

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  On April 3, 1898, local revolutionaries led by the Negrense Leon Kilat rose up against the Spanish colonial authorities
and took control of the urban center after three days of fighting{. The uprising was only ended by the treacherous
murder of Leon Kilat and the arrival of soldiers from Iloilo.
 The signing of the Treaty of Paris at the end of the Spanish-American War provided for the cession of Cebu along with
the rest of the Philippine islands to the United States until the formation of the Commonwealth Era (1935-1946). On
February 21, 1899 the USS Petrel (PG-2) deployed a landing party of 45 men on the shores of Cebu. Cebu’s transfer to
the Commonwealth government was signed by Luis Flores, although others, most notably, Gen. Arcadio Maxilom and
Juan Climaco, offered resistance until 1901.
 Cebu only became a chartered city in February 24, 1937. Many Philippine cities such as Dansalan (now Marawi), Iloilo
City, and Bacolod City were only incorporated as such at that time (see Cities of the Philippines). Until then, Cebu City
had never been more than a town since its original founding in 1565.
Population/ Language/ Religion / Area
 As of 2010, the city had a total population of 866,171.
 People here speak Cebuano as their native language. However, it is easy to find for someone who can speak with you in
English.
 The city is surrounded by Mandaue and Consolacion in the northeast, Toledo, the towns of Balamban and Asturias in
the west, Talisay City and the town of Minglanilla in the south.
 Cebu City Mormon TempleCebu City religion has varied to many type of belief but the majority of its population are
Roman Catholic other believe were known to be Protestant, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints, Inglesia ni
Cristo, Jesus Miracle Crusade, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Baptists, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, Taoist, Islam,
Buddhism, Hinduism and many others.
 The topography of Cebu City is rugged and mountainous with elevation reaching up to 900 meters above mean sea
level. Flat lands are found only along the shorelines that extend a few kilometers inland. Cebu City’s flat land occupies
about 23 square kilometers, representing eight (8%) percent of its total land area but it contains over 40 barangays and
about two thirds of its population.
Products and Services
 Cebu City Fuente CircleThe province of Cebu is especially well known because of the production of locally handmade
acoustic guitars, bandurrias (Filipino mandolins), banjos and ukuleles. Already for generations the Cebuanos have been
making quality guitars. The guitar makers are considered to be among the world’s finest craftsmen. Maribago on
Mactan island, is the center of Cebu’s guitar-making industry. Here you can watch the craftsmen at work.
 Cebu City is also known for its call centers and many business establishment.
 The city is also the Philippines’ main domestic shipping port and is home to about 80% of the country’s domestic
shipping companies.
Business Opportunity
The increasing urbanization of the city now leads to the increasing use of its land for housing, commercial, industrial,
institutional and other related activities. Farmlands remained only in the upland or hilly land areas of Cebu City. Presently
the city’s upland areas and watersheds are mostly covered with grass and shrubs with patches of corn, coconuts, bananas,
cassava and vegetables. Fruit trees are also planted, notably the exotic mango, which is an export product of Cebu.
Tourist Spots
 The city derives significant income from tourism. It hosted the 1998 ASEAN Tourism Forum. The city also hosted the
East Asian Tourism Forum on August 2002, in which the province of Cebu is a member and signatory.
 There are a number of significant Spanish colonial buildings in Cebu City which includes the Basilica Minore del
Santo Nino, Fort San Pedro, Casa Gorordo Museum and Magellan’s Cross.
 The Cebu Reggae Festival is a popular Filipino Reggae and Roots music festival, it now has become one of the
Philippines’ largest annual Reggae Festivals. On Cebuano musical heritage, the Jose R. Gullas Halad Museum in V.
Gullas St. (former Manalili) corner D. Jakosalem St. in Cebu City, holds musical memorabilia of Cebuano composers
in the early 20th century, the likes of Ben Zubiri (composer of Matud Nila), Inting Rubi (Kasadya Ning Taknaa) and
Minggoy Lopez (Rosas Pandan). The Cebu City Sports Complex exhibits sporting and festival events.
 Away from the city is the Cebu Taoist Temple, a Taoist temple in Beverly Hills. Views of Cebu City can also be seen
from villages and gated communities located on the mountains.
 Ayala Center Cebu is a shopping mall at the Cebu Business Park. On average, more than 85,000 people visit this mall
everyday, with the figure increasing to 135,000 on weekends.

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Danao City, Cebu
History
 There is no concrete record to support the story on how Danao got its name. Although in the 1960’s there were
circularized copies of a story concerning the early founding of Danao, but the contents and substance were but clear
reproduction of an old legendary version which related of a Spanish Captain by the name of Manuel Aniceto del
Rosariowho, as the story went, was commissioned by the early Spanish authorities in the province of Cebu to establish
municipalities starting from what is now Danao City towards the northern part of Cebu as far as what is now presently
the municipality of Borbon.
 This developed when in compliance with his commission; Capt. Del Rosario went to said places to perform his duties.
Riding on a horse on his way to the north after a place called Cotcot, he came upon a few natives who were resting and
taking time bathing their carabaos in one of the many lakes in the area. Dismounting from his horse, the Captain took
his rest and in a short while struck conversation with the surprised natives. Pointingvertically his forefinger to the
ground where they stood, the captain inquired just what was the name of the place, with the impression that the
stranger might have asked the name of the small lakes where their carabaos were resting, one of the native instantly
replied: “DANAWAN” (a Cebuano dialect for small lake) which, according to the story, on account of the Captain’s
defective sense of hearing, only heard and recorded the first syllable DA-NAO. Thus begun the early naming of the
place DANAO.
Population/ Language/ Area
Danao City is located 27 kilometers north of Cebu City. It is bounded on the north by the town of Carmen, on the east by
Camotes Sea, on the south by Compostela, and on the south by Asturias town. It has a total land area of 107 square
kilometers. The city is partly urban and partly rural. The coastal area which is around One-fifth of the total land area of
Danao is mostly flat but the interior parts are hilly and mountainous.
Products and Services
 Danao City is well known for its gun industry. It all started around 1905. The organization now, left with proper
permit, is Workers League of danao Multipurpose Cooperative (World MPC) in Dunggan, Danao City.
 Its agricultural products include rice, corn, coconut, rootcrops and vegetables, poultry and hog. Fishing is a major
industry in the coastal barangays. Manufactured products include electronics and cement. Cottage industries produce
clothes and handicraft items.
Business Opportunity
Metal fabrication has a bright prospect in Danao. There are also opportunities in food processing especially meat and fish
processing. The manufacture of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer
goods are encouraged. The establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.

Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu

 Lapu-Lapu City is a first class and a highly urbanized city in the province of Cebu. It occupies most of the Mactan
Island, and also covers the Olango Island group and a few islets. The city is also part of the Cebu Metropolitan Area.
 The city is joined to Mandaue City on mainland Cebu by the Mactan-Mandaue Bridge and Marcelo Fernan Bridge.
Mactan-Cebu International Airport, the second busiest airport in the Philippines, is located at Lapu-Lapu City.
History
 History has it that Mactan Island although small was a thriving community when the great Magellan was in Cebu. The
brave Spanish navigator and soldier, upon learning that some inhabitants on this tiny island across Cebu refused to
recognize the King of Spain, burned one of the villages. Lapu-Lapu was one of the native leaders who refused to
acknowledge the sovereignty of Spain over the Islands.
 When Magellan, with three boatloads of Spaniards and twenty boatloads of Cebuanos, went to Mactan to help a
friendly chief, Lapu-Lapu and his men armed with native fighting elements, wooden shields, bows and arrows, lances,
met them. The invading Spaniards and Cebuanos were driven back to their boats, but their brace leader, Magellan, met
death in the hands of Lapu-Lapu. On what is believed to be the exact spot where Magellan fell and died now stands an
imposing monument in honour of the gallant explorer.
 In the 16th century Mactan Island was colonized by Spain. An Augustinians friar founded the town of Opon in 1730
and became a city in 1961 and was renamed after Datu Lapu-Lapu, a Muslim king who defeated Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan in 1521. This battle is commemorated at the Lapu-Lapu shrine in Punta Engaño.
 Politician Manuel A. Zosa, the representative of the Sixth District of Cebu, sponsored the Bill converting the former
municipality of Opon into the present day City of Lapu-Lapu. This was the Republic Act 3134, known as the City
Charter of Lapu-Lapu which was signed on June 17, 1961 by former Philippine President Carlos P. Garcia.

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 Population/ Language/ Area
Total land area of the city is 58.10 km2 (22.43 sq mi) which is being occupied by a total population of 350,467 (2010
census).
Business Opportunity
 Lapu-Lapu City has been rated as among the country’s most business-friendly places, according to a study of the Asian
Institute of Management, the Canadian and Australian Government, the International Finance Corporation, the World
Bank, the National Competitive Council and the Department of Trade and Industry.
 The city ranked first in the study’s “Cheapest Place to Start a Business.” It also landed second in the “2007 Most
Competitive Metropolitan City in the Philippines,” second in the “Least Procedures to Start a Business” and sixth place
in the” Least Number of Days to Start a Business.”
 Sound practices such as fast-tracked permits, the setting up of “one-stop-shop” and the recognition of top investors and
taxpayers help ensure that investments come and stay.
 Tax holidays at economic zones also contribute to the rise of more businesses in the city.
 Local colleges, universities and training centers ensure a steady reserve of highly-skilled and English-speaking workers.
International schools and distance learning, on the other hand, offer sufficient alternative education for children of
expatriate families.
Tourist Spots
 Punta Engano, is the place in Lapu-Lapu where you  Lapu-Lapu Monument and Maggellan marker
can find fine beaches and resorts at a very low and  Lapu Lapu Shrine - Mactan Shrine
affordable prices.  Tourist Sports Complex
 Olango Island is also a good place for bird watching
 Olango Island in Cebu
Mandaue City, Cebu
“The Furniture Capital of the Philippines”
History
 Mandaue ChurchMandaue was a only a community at that time, established by the group of Austonesian people.
 In 1638, the Jesuits made it as a bulwark for the church in the Northern Cebu. Decades alter it was then managed by
the Recollects. When the Philippine Revolution broke up, a new form of organization outlined with the organic decree
of the Central Revolutionary Government was established in the town. However, that form of government ended when
the American Troops and destroyed almost the whole town in 1901, killing the leader Benito Ceniza.
 Mandaue freed itself from the two oppressors, American and Japanese, on July 4, 1946 together with the entire
Philippines. It became a chartered city June 21, 1969 and was recognized as a highly urban city on 1991.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Mandaue City has a total land area of 3,487 hectares or 34.87 square kilometers. Each of these square kilometers, 8,112
people live.
 Being the 6th smallest government unit in terms of land area, this city has a total population of 331,320 (as of 2010
census). The people here speaks Cebuano as their main language for communication.
Products and Services
Main products of Mandaue City include galvanized iron, stonewares, furniture (one of these are the wicker chairs),
Aluminumware, construction materials, styrofoam and marine products. These products and other made Mandaue City
bustling city when it comes to economy.
Business Opportunity
Mandaue City is a metropolitan wherein about 40 percent of Cebu’s export companies are located. The success of the
business here was due to the low taxes generated from the businesses. The city has now more than 10, 000 business
establishments and is accounting the 75 percent of the country’s export in the furniture sector.
Tourist Spots
There are lots of attractions in the city, from business and other infrastructures to museums and natural features, the city is
rich to it. Here are some of the city’s tourist spots:
 Monkey Caves  Cabancalan-Banilad Sinkholes
 Cansaga Bay  San Miguel Brewery
 Bantayan sa Hari  Cebu International Convention Centre
 Jagobiao Spring  Casili Hills

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Naga City, Cebu
History
The town of Naga was already populous even before the Spaniards came.
When the Spaniards came, they organized the town into a cabeza de barangay, for the purpose of managing the place
properly. A church was also constructed next. That all happened in the year 1829.
When the Spanish-American War broke up, armies of the United States came and camped in Naga at the old Corro
residence with the purpose to recruit natives to join the Philippine Scouts. Many locals, including the people of Naga
joined the recruitment. These recruits and other armies fought bravely in Bataan and Corregidor. There were hundreds of
them who died during the war however; their sacrifice and patriotism were not wasted as the Philippine gained its freedom
years after. Naga City is ranked second to Macabebe, Pampanga in the number of pensionados of the American
Government.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Naga City is in the eastern coast of the province of Cebu, which is 22 kilometers south of Cebu City. Surrounding the
city are Minglanila town in the north, Hohol Strait in the east and southeast, town of San Bernardo in southwest, and
the Pinamungahan town in the west. Terrain is characterized by a narrow coastal plain which gently rises to hills and
mountains in the western and northern part of the city.
 Naga City has a total land area of 101,571 as of 2010. Total land area is reaching to 10,197 hectares.
Products and Services
Main products of the city include rice, corn, coconut, rootcrops and vegetables. There are also some who do livestock and
poultry businesses. The people living near the coastal areas are mostly engaged in fishing. There are also some factories in
the city; these include footwear factory, power plant, cement manufacturing factories and some marble production plants.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Talisay City, Cebu
History
 Talisay City Municapl BuildingTalisay was founded 1648 under the estate of Augustinian. It was then converted into a
municipality with Silverio Fernandez as its first gobernadorcillo in the year 1849.
 During the World War II, Talisay was one of the place for military forces. It served as the center of the guerrilla
operations for the country’s movement in Cebu during the World War II. With the help of the U.S. liberation forces,
Commonwealth forces and Cebuano guerrillas, the Japanese surrendered the Cebu.
 Year 2000, the municipality of Talisay was converted into Talisay City.
Population/ Language/ Area
Total land area of Talisay City is 39.87 km2 (15.39 sq mi). Its population as of 2010 reached up to 200,772. Like in any
parts of Cebu province, much of the people here speak Cebuano as their native language.
Products and Services
Even though Talisay is now an urbanized city, much of its areas are still doing farming and related industry. Main
products of the city are corn, rice, root crops and vegetables. There are also some who do furniture, especially rattancraft,
ceramics, metal craft and garment manufacturing.Cebu Lechon - Talisay City Lechon
Business Opportunity
 The city is now undergoing an effort to be a tourist destination.
 Talisay, Cebu has the potential to become a tourist haven and investors are encouraged to put up world-class tourist
facilities such as Talisay hotels, recreational centers, demonstration farms and food establishments. The city also offers
opportunities in food processing such as meat and fish processing. The manufacture of furniture, clothing and fashion
accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The establishment of commercial
complexes and housing facilities are also welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
 Larawan Beach  New City Hall
 Lagtang Cave  Sta. Teresa De Avila Church
 Igutan and Bucawe Falls

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 Bais City, Negros Oriental
History
When the fertile flat lands and rich fishing grounds were reported to the Spanish colonizers after they arrived in the
Philippines, an expedition headed by a Spanish engineer was sent to the area to get its name and pinpoint its exact
location, as well as prepare a map of the island. They happened to enter the mouth of the river in the area and saw some
people gathering the abundant fresh water eel locally called “bais” that were caught in their fish traps.
Upon seeing the fishermen, the Spaniard asked in his native tongue, “Como se llama este lugar?” (What is the name of
this place?). Failing to understand the engineer of the course, and thinking that he was asking for the name of the fish
caught, the fisherman answered curtly, “Bais”. The Spaniard therefore recorded the name “Bais” as the name of the place.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Bais City recorded a total population of 74,722. These natives speak Bisaya as their native language. There
are however, little Hiligaynon words being spoken by some of the people.
Total land area is 319.64 km2 (123.41 sq mi).
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Festivals and Services
Sipong Festival – a colorful and lively mardi gras festival participated in by the different barangays, local and national
offices in a choreographed street dancing. Magnificent floats and spectacular head dresses can also be viewed during this
event. This biggest annual merry making marks the Charter Day celebration of Bais City.
Bayawan City, Negros Oriental
History
It was in 1751 when the Spanish friars first established their settlement. After 116 years, Tolong Nuevo (Bayawan’s
former name) had existed as early as 1868 as part of Tolong Viejo (now Municipality of Sta. Catalina). It was not until
1872 when it was formally organized into a pueblo. By 1953, the name of Tolong Nuevo was changed into Bayawan.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Bayawan City, as of 2010, has a total population of 114,074. These people speaks Bisaya as their native language, there
are some who speaks Tagalog and English. These two languages are mostly spoken in schools and business
offices.Bayawan Municipal City
 Bayawan City is located about 100 kilometers or 62 miles from the provincial capital Dumaguete City and near the
provincial border with negros Occidental. It is a coastal city with a land area of 69,908 hectares (172,750 acres), the
largest in the province. Mabinay bounds it to the north; Tanjay City and Bais City to the east; Sta. Catalina to the
southeast and Basay to the west and it also shares a boundary with Kabankalan City of Negros Occidental on the
northwest.
 Bayawan City has two distinct climate seasons: the dry season, well pronounced in the months of January to May; and
the wet season, in the months of June to December.
Products and Services
 Bayawan is more of the rural setting than urbanized with only 2.25% of its total land area as urban area. The city is
basically agricultural and its economy sits on agricultural platform. Revenues from land farming, livestock production,
aqua-culture activities and marine fishing are a major income contribution of the City. In 2000, the assessment of City
Agriculture Office (CAO) indicated that agricultural production was valued at Php 2.3 Billion; 91.4% of which came
from crop production, 7.9% from livestock production, and 0.7% from fisheries.
 The most famous delicacy in Bayawan City is “Baye-Baye” which is a concoction of roasted glutinous rice, coconut and
sugar pounded or ground to achieve a unique palatability. The Baye-Baye together with the crunchy Pinipig has become
a favorite and popular merienda.
Business Opportunity
The city of Bayawan has an enormous potential for economic development. It has a vast tracts of land area suitable for
agriculture. It has also some forested land from which wood and other raw materials can be sourced. Fronting Sulu sea, it
has untapped marine resources. Its tourism potential is largely undevelop. Together with nearby towns of Santa Catalina
and Basay towns, Bayawan has a ready market of more than 200 thousand people. Electric power is readily available from
nearby Palinpinon geothermal field in Valencia town. It has rivers ready to be tapped to generate electricity and provide
water for irrigation.
Tourist Spots

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 Lourdes Falls – is located in Barangay Narra, approximately 20 kilometers away from the city proper. The falls cascades
in a crystal clear water that finds its way along multi-tiered levels that drop into a pool like basin, thus nature trekkers and
picnickers often visits this place especially during summer days.
Mag-Aso Spring – This spring is located in Barangay Nangka, local and foreign tourists often visit this place.
Mantapi Falls – is a 4 kilometers away from Bayawan City and is located in Barangay Nangka. It is a source for irrigation
system, and the site is also open for swimming and hiking adventure.Mantapi Falls in Bayawan City
Niludhan Falls – is situated in Barangay Dawis which is 43 kilometers away from the city proper. The place is ideal for
bungee-jumping, swimming, and picnics.bayawan city niludhan falls
Palasanon Falls – is situated in Barangay Cansumalig, 30 kilometers away from the City. Going to the place is already an
adventure and unforgettable especially upon arriving to the magnificent fall.
Festivals and Celebrations
Tawo-Tawo Festival – “Tawo-Tawo” or known as scarecrow is significantly used by most farmers in the vicinity to drive
away birds, thus, farmers achieve bountiful yield during harvest. The festival features street dancing and field
presentation.
Siete Dolores – This composed of seven single ladies dressed in black and goes from one house to other offering prayers
during the Lenten Season. These women represent the 7 sorrows of Blessed Virgin when Jesus Christ was crucified on the
cross.
Hamiling Bayawanon –This is an award that is given to any Bayawanon who made an achievement in the field of
Religion, Business and Entrepreneurship, Politics and Government, Education, Peace and Order, Medicine and Public
Health, Social Services, Culture and the Arts, Sports, Science and Technology and such other fields.
The awardees received a beautifully designed plaque-trophy from the city government.

Canlaon City, Negros Oriental

History
 Canlaon was known before as Sitio Mabigo, of Barrio Panubigan which was then under the Municipality of
Vallehermoso. It was named as such because of the bigo trees abounding the place. This wilderness area was ruled
before by a native chieftain named Saniko. Later on, Mabigo became part of the sprawling property of Don Diego de la
Viña in Vallehermoso. The area soon gained prominence as a hub of commerce and agriculture as migrants from Cebu,
Bohol and Panay settled in the area. In 1941, an Ilocano geodetic engineer, Isidro Bautista Sr., together with the other
residents filed a petition urging the national government for Mabigo’s conversion into a municipality. However, war in
the Pacific broke out and dimmed all hopes for township.
 It was October 11, 1946 that Sitio Mabigo was converted into a municipality. It was then named as Municipality of
Canlaon. It was then changed into a component city on July 2, 1967.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Canlaon City recorded a total population of 50,627. These natives speak Cebuano as their language. English
and Tagalog are used in the school, government offices and other business institutions in the city. There are also some
who talks in Hiligaynon.
 Canlaon has a total land area of 170.93 km2 (66.00 sq mi). This land area features rolling hills and plains, planted
mainly by sugar canes, rice and corns.
Products and Services
Kanlaon Products and LandscapeMain products of the city are vegetables and fruits. These can be purchased in a very low
price. It’s easy to grow plants here since it is situated in the elevated part of the island. You can see sugarcane fields and
rice fields almost at every side of the road, giving you a rural feeling in the middle of the city. Much of the agriculture
products of the city are exported to the neighboring municipalities and islands.
Business Opportunity
 Canlaon is a growing city. Because of its proximity to the Mount Canlaon and to other tourist attractions in the city, a
hotel and restaurant business is perfect here. Business that offers local memorabilia will also give a big boost in the
business.
 Canlaon City is also an ideal place for the production of organic products and herbal plants. Businessmen are also
encouraged to put up tourism facilities especially resorts and demonstration farms. Small scale factories for the
production of processed foods, furniture, and handicraft items are very much welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
Canlaon Volcano – the highest peak in whole Negros Island with a height of 2,465 meters above sea level.
The Oldest Tree – this is one of the main attractions in the city. It will take 42 individuals to embrace the whole trunk of
it.

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 Festivals and Celebration
Pasayaw Festival – this festival derived its name from the combined word of “Pasalamat Pinaagi sa Sayaw” (a
thanksgiving through dance). This Pasayaw expresses the joys and jubilations in praise and thanksgiving to the Almighty
God through the intercession of St. Joseph. The “Pasayaw Street Dancing & Parade” is participated in by 12 contingents
from the 12 barangays.
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
“The City of Gentle People”
History
 In 1890, the island-province of Negros was divided into two politico-military provinces, Occidental and Oriental. As
earlier constituted, in 1898, Dumaguete was included in Negros Oriental. After the Philippine-American War, on May
1, 1901, a civil government was established by the Americans in the Province of Negros Oriental, including
Dumaguete with the first city-mayor Meliton Larena Y Aureola.
 When World War II broke out, the city was occupied by the Japanese Imperial Forces on May 26, 1942. It was
liberated on April 26, 1945 by the combined forces of the United States, Filipino Soldiers and the recognized
guerrillas.
 The establishment of the local military general headquarters and camp base of the Philippine Commonwealth Army
from 1942 to 1946 and the Philippine Constabulary 7th Infantry Regiment from 1944 to 1946 was stationed and
located in Dumaguete during World War II.
 Three years later on June 15, 1948, Republic Act No. 327, created the City of Dumaguete. Later, on June 21, 1969,
pRepublic Act No. 5797 was enacted, otherwise known as the Revised Charter of Dumaguete City.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Dumaguete City had a total population of 120,883. These people speaks Cebuano as their native language.
 The City has a land area of 3,362 hectares (8,310 acres),situated on the plains of the southeastern coast of Negros
Island near the mouth of the Banica River. Of the province’s 19 municipalities and 6 cities, Dumaguete is the smallest
in terms of land area.Dumaguete City map locationIt is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Sibulan; on the
south by the Municipality of Bacong; and on the west by the Municipality of Valencia. As a coastal city, it is bounded
on the east by the Bohol Sea and the Tañon Strait, serving as a natural border to the neighboring provinces of Cebu,
Bohol, and Siquijor.
Tourist Spots
Rizal Boulevard – was named after the Philippines National Hero, Dr. Jose P. Rizal. This is one of the most beautiful and
most captivating landmarks in the city.
Dumaguete Belfry – this was built around 1811 to warn the locals about the coming attacks of the pirates. The belfry
stands proud amidst the modern buildings surrounding it.
Apo Island Marine Sanctuary – is considered to be one of the best dive spot in the world as it has the two-thirds of the
world’s known coral species. Because of the vastness of its marine resources, Apo island has been protected as a fish
sanctuary since 1982.
Guihulngan City, Negros Oriental
History
 There are several versions how the city derived its name. The first, according to old tales, was attributed to a river
flowing directly to the town proper from the main spring in sitio Anahaw, Barangay Nagsaha, hence the name
“GUIPADULNGAN” which means the point where the river flows to an end.
 The second is associated with the gruesome incident in the 19th Century when the Philippines was a colony of Spain.
Men, women and children were said to be captured, beheaded and thrown into the sea, now known as Tañon Strait, by
the Moros. Other accounts claim that the Moros dropped a bell into the sea when they found out that it was used by the
lookout to warn the townsfolk of their coming. Since that time, the place has been called “GUIHULUGAN” which
means, “Place where a thing was dropped”. But in the Spanish writing, “U” and “N” are similar, which is why it became
commonly written and known as GUIHULNGAN.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Total population as of 2010 reached up to 93,675, making it 240 people living within every square kilometer. The people
speaks Cebuano as their native language.
 Guihulngan City has a total land area of 388.56 km2 (150.02 sq mi), comprising mostly of hills and mountainous places.
It also has a body of water where some of the people rely for a living.
Products and Services

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 Guihulngan has large forest lands and vast agricultural areas. Rice, corn, sugar, and coconut are the main products of the
city. Fishing is also an important industry especially for the barangays near the coastal areas. The city has a thriving
livestock and poultry raising industries.
Business Opportunity
Guihulngan has the potential to become an agro-industrial center. Investors can put up commercial farms for the
production of high value crops such as malungay and other fruits and vegetables. Small and medium industrial plants for
the production of processed foods, furniture, organic fertilizer, feeds, and other consumer goods can become winners in
this town.
Festivals and Celebrations
Cara-Bell Festival – this festival is annually celebrated every 24th day of May. Legend has said that marauding pirates
killed the natives of the town and dropped their corpses into the sea. The bell which was also used by the watchman to
warn the local residences of the coming of the pirates are coming was also taken down and flung offshore. The site where
something dropped (guihulugan) forms the backdrop for spectacular revelry to highlight the town fiesta.

Tanjay City, Negros Oriental

History
 The first map of the island, dated around 1572, by Diego Lopez de Povedano, identified the place as Buglas. It was
derived from the tall cane-like grass which ranged thick and persistent over the island. Here, in much earlier times, lived
men who had relics and artifacts dating back to 200-500 AD and the 12th century Sung Dynasty have turned up in recent
excavations were said to have ventured perhaps int he area now known as Tampi in Amlan. Here, in 1565, Esteban
Rodriguez of the Legazpi expedition, caught by storm on his way back to Cebu from Bohol, sought refuge in the eastern
shore of the island and came upon squat negroid inhabitants called ata, agta, of ati.
 When he returned to Cebu, he reported what he found out about the island. This lead Fray Andres de Urdaneta to visit the
island. He landed in what is now Escalante in Negros Occidental. In the same year, Capitan Mateo de Cadiz led a small
expedition which reached an area near Tanjay. Capitan Miguel de Loarca followed with a bigger expedition and forced
and proceeded to lay claim to what the Spaniards now call Negros. Both Diego Lopez de Povedano and Capitan manuel
de Loarca pointed to Tanjay to Dumaguete area as the most densely populated in the eastern half of the island. Tanjay,
considered as the more important settlement, was made the Administrative Capital of Oriental Negros. It was however,
remained under the jurisdiction of the province of Cebu. It was the first archdeacon of Cebu. In June 11, 1580, the
mission of Tanjay was founded. It became the center of religious supervision for Dumaguete, Marabago, Siaton and
Manalongon.
Population/ Language/ Area
Tanjay City has a total land area of 276.05 km2 (106.58 sq mi). It is bounded on the north by Bais City, on the south by
the Municipality of Amlan, on the east by the Tañon Strait and west by the Municipality of Pamplona. It has recorded a
79,098 population as of 2010. Majority of the population are Cebuanos with some migrants from other cultural groups
such as Ilonggos and Boholanos. Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially sugar-based foods, meat and fish processing. The manufacture
of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
 Tiongson Ancestral Home (Poblacion)
 Luparan Falls and caves (Bulon, Sta. Cruz Nuevo)
 Rice Terraces (Canque, Pal-ew)
 Mambulong Lakes (Pal-ew)
 Mainit Hot Springs (San Isidro)
 Red Land Scenic Views (Bulon, Sta. Cruz Nuevo)
 Casa de las Dueñas, Hacienda Santa Escolástica (San José, Tanjay)
Festivals and Celebrations
 Children’s Festival (January)  Pasko sa Tanjay (December)
 Festival of Hearts (February)  Budbod Festival (December)
 Sinulog de Tanjay (July)  Park Cafe (Fridays)
 Paaway sa Kabayo (July)  Sugbaanay sa Parque (Saturdays)

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 Region 8 (Eastern Visayas)
Eastern Visayas or Region VIII is one of the two regions
of the Philippines having no land border with another
region, MIMAROPA being the other. It is composed of
two main islands, Leyte and Samar, connected by the
famous San Juanico Bridge. It consists of six provinces
namely, Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar,
Samar, Southern Leyte.
Eastern Visayas directly faces the Pacific Ocean. The
land area of the region is 2,156,285 hectares. As of 2010,
it has a population of 3,912,936.
There are 7 cities that helps the economy of the region
grow stronger; these are:
1. Borongan City
2. Baybay City
3. Ormoc City
4. Tacloban City
5. Calbayog City
6. Catbalogan City
7. Maasin City
Borongan City, Eastern Samar
History
 Borongan was just a small town back in 1600 and
was called as Guiborongani. It was called on its
present name due to the heavy fog that usually
covered the place.
 Borongan developed because of the help of the
religious missions established by the Jesuits during
the 1604-1768, and the Franciscans from 1768 to
1868.
 During the Philippine Revoluton, Borongan served as
the site for the uprisings of the Pulahanes. Public
officials were also first appointed in the place and
was called as “president” and “vice president”. Whe
the Japanese left the country, the town was organized
into a municipality, led by a mayor and vice mayor. It
was then made as the capital of Eastern Samar.
 On June 21, 2007, Borongan became the first city in
Eastern Samar.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Borongan is bounded on the north by the municipality
of San Julian, in the south by the municipality of
Maydolong; in the west by th Samar municipalities of
Hinabanagan, Calbiga, Pinabacdao and Basey; and in
the east by the Pacific Ocean.
 According tot he 2007 census conducted by the CBMS,
the City of Borongan has a total population of 59,354
people whose the majority of them speaks Waray-
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Waray as their common language. Much of the
population can speak Tagalog and English.
Products and Services
 Borongan City has a wet market that sells foodstuffs
like rice and corn, grains, dried and fresh fish. These
products are mainly from the city itself and from the
nearby towns. There are also pork, beef, chicken,
preserved meats, vegetables, fruits, condiments and
spices, root crops, native cakes and others.Philippines
Oil Process - Copra - Borongan City Products
 The place also sells locally-made and beautiful native
basketware. It also has the largest and the only
shopping mall in Eastern Samar. It opened in 2005 for
business operations and is located along the national
highway in Brgy. Songco at the northern fringe of the
city. Appliance stores, mini-groceries and ‘sari-sari’
stores also abound throughout the length and breadth
of the city selling items ranging from basic necessities
to supplies for recreational and entertainment
activities. Several hardware stores also operate
catering to the needs of the city’s construction
industry. The city has numerous restaurants and
eateries offering local cuisine randomly located
throughout the city limits while nightspots can be
found mostly along the length of Baybay Blvd. at the
eastern edge of the city immediately abutting the
shoreline of Borongan Bay. Major and new oil
companies have their own oil refueling stations within
the city limits selling engine lubricants, kerosene as
well as regular, unleaded and premium gasoline and
diesel fuels.
Business Opportunity
Borongan’s main product is copra. It has lively
commercial activity throughout the year not only
catering to the needs of the local city populace but
serving as well as the central business hub of the entire
province of Eastern Samar. Many families rely on
coastal and deep-sea fishing as well as lowland and
upland farming as means of livelihood.
Tourist Spots
Borongan City has many of the Philippines’ most
wonderful natural attractions from resorts to beautiful
white- as well as black-sand beaches. Its pristine and
undisturbed forests contain spectacular streams, river
rapids, waterfalls and caves so very sought after by
nature lovers, trekkers and spelunkers – locals and
foreign visitors alike. Many more of its scenic spots can
be found by those who have the time and the energy to
search for them within the vast, idyllic territorial expanse
of the city.
 Baybay City, Leyte
 The City of Baybay is a component city in Leyte province, Philippines. It is situated in the western part of Leyte coast.
It is bounded by Camotes Sea on the west; Albuera on the north; Inopacan on the south; Burauen, La Paz and
MacArthur on the northeast; Javier on the east; and Abuyog and Mahaplag on the southeast.
 History
 Some claim that Baybay was the only settlement on the western coast of Leyte known to the first Spanish conquistadors
that came with Magellan. The settlement became a place for religious organizations such as the Jesuits and
Augustinians. Places of worship and schools were erected in the place, to own the hearts of the people. The people
responded in a positive way and accepted the religious teachings of these organizations and others that followed.
 Baybay, aside from those religious friars, also became a place of interest for those hoping to invade the place. The
Chinese attempted to conquer the community, but the brave and staunch natives foiled several attempts. The Moro came
next. On October 22, 1605, these Moro raided the place. The pirates left countless dead and carried almost 60 men as
captives. And again, on November 4, 1663, the Moros under the dreaded Corralat left many of the people dead and took
much of them as captives after mercilessly killing those men who tried to defend the town, even with the aid of the
parish priests.
 The administration of Baybay continued to be in the Spanish conquistadors. However, in the early of 1898 the whole
place, including the administration of it were handled to the locals as part of granting the Philippines its independence.
 After that and throughout the years, Baybay continued to develop and became one of the biggest towns in Leyte.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Baybay City Plaza - LeyteIt has a Type 4 climate, which is generally wet. Its topography is generally mountainous in
the eastern portion as it slopes down west towards the shore line.
 According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 102,841 people. Also, it is the 2nd largest city after Ormoc City in
the province in terms of land area. Before, Baybay was the biggest town in Leyte in terms of land area. Covering an area
of 46,050 hectares (459.3 km2), Baybay is composed of 92 barangays, 23 of which are in the poblacion, with one
barangay jointly located. The remaining 68 are rural barangays.
Products and Services
Baybay - Saltfarm - Leyte Salt FarmGenerally an agricultural city, the common means of livelihood are farming and
fishing. Some are engaged in hunting and in forestal activities. The most common crops grown are rice, corn, abaca, root
crops, fruits, and vegetables. Various cottage industries can also be found in Baybay such as bamboo and rattan craft,
ceramics, dress-making, fiber craft, food preservation, mat weaving, metal craft, Philippine furniture manufacturing and
other related activities.
Tourist Spots
 Jungle Valley Park
 Bakwitan Falls
Festivals and Celebrations
Binaybayon Festival – celebrated every 27th day of December, this serves as the city’s festival. This is being hel for the
honor of their Patroness, Our Lady of Immaculate Conception. This festival also shows the rich history of the city and the
main livelihood.
Halaran Festival – celebrated every October in honor for the Holy Rosary. Also shows the history of Brgy. Rosario.
Sirong Festival – celebrated by Brgy. Pomponan every 13th day of June for Saint Anthony Padua. The history of the place
is shown in this festival.
Ormoc City, Leyte
Ormoc City is a 1st class city in the Leyte province, Philippines. It is the first non-provincial city of the Philippines. It is
also the economic, cultural, commercial and transportation hub of western Leyte. The city is also an independent
component city, which is not subject to regulation form the Provincial Government of Leyte. Even though it is an
independent city, it is still art of the IV Congressional District of Leyte together with Albuera, Kamanga, Merida and
Isabel Leyte.
History
 It is believed that Ormoc was first called as “Ogmok” by the natives of the town before. The place was used during the
Spanish occupation and the migration of the neighboring towns to settle in the more fertile plains of Ogmok. Much of
the settler in the town was the Malayans. These people had a constant trading with the Chinese, Javans and Indonesians.
Their living, however, was always threatened by the attack of the Moro pirates. It is said that the people in Ogmok
developed a warning system communication through people manning watch towers to inform and warn the people of
the coming of these pirates.

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 July 16, 1595, Jesuit missionaries arrived in Leyte. On May 1507, a mission in Ormok was established by these
missionaries. That year, the locals were converted to Christianity. Their years of peace was shortly felt when in year
1634, a ruler of Sulu by the name of Raja Bungsu captured 300 natives form Ormoc after the invasion of the notorious
pirates in the town. The towns of Sogod, Kabalian, Inopacan and Baybay were also invaded and plundered. More locals
of Ogmok still fought this Raja and his men but because they were outnumbered, they were massacred up to the last
man.
 In the year 1950, Ormoc City transformed into modern infrastructures, wide concrete roads and bridges, well-equipped
government and hospital facilities, airport facilities, banks, commercial and trade establishments, house projects,
factories, industrial plants, thus, the start of progress for this city.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Ormoc pierOrmoc City is a port city and is the largest city in Leyte by land area and the second largest in Eastern
Visayas after Calbayog City in Samar. Fronting Ormoc Bay, the city’s terrain is mostly of gently rolling plains. It is
bounded on the northwest by the towns of Matag-ob and Merida, in the north by Kananga, in the northeast by the towns
of Jaro, Pastrana and Dagami, and in the south by the town of Albuera. High mountain ranges separate Ormoc from the
eastern portion of Leyte. Numerous rivers and streams traverse Ormoc. Among them are the Bao River in the north,
Pagsangahan River in the west, the Bagong-bong River in the south, the Panilahan River also in the south and the
Anilao and Malbasag Rivers which border the eastern and western flanks of Ormoc City Proper.
 The people of Ormoc are called Ormocanons and the native language used is Cebuano (or Kana). The townsfolk relate
more to neighboring towns and Cebu than to eastern Leyte. According to 2010 population census, the city is being
inhabited by 191,200 people, all living is a total land area of 613.6 km2 (236.9 sq mi).
Products and Services
Ormoc City serves as the center for commerce and industry in Leyte. It has an organized industry in geothermal energy,
suga-based alcohol and industrial gases. It’s fertile soil is used as fishing ground, as most of the people are engaging in
fishing and farming. Products that the city provides include cut flowers, dry goods, metal crafts, processed foods, crafts,
novelty items, decors and furniture. Sugarcane, rice, pineapple, wood crafts, corn, fish, coconut, abaca and coco
handicrafts, vegetables, root crops and livestock serves as the city’s major local products.
Tourist Spots
Leyte Golf and Country Club – this golf course is surrounded by mountains and rolling hills. This golfing resort covers 80
hectares of terrain situated on a plateu with plams, coconut, fruit-bearing trees and flowering shrubs. This is located just 7
kilometers aways from Ormoc City.
Pineapple Plantation – the city is famous for its pineapples with a distinct sweetness. This is a 210 hectares, located in the
north of Hibunayon and Kananga communities. Visitors usually buy bundles of this famous product as ‘pasalubong’ or
gifts to their loved ones and friends.
Tongonan Hot Springs National Park – the geothermal power plant which supplies electricity to the whole region is
located in this valley. Recreational activities are provided for the visitors such as boating, swimming, camping, trekking,
biking, picnic and scientific studies.
Festivals and Celebrations
Buyogan Festival – this is celebrated every August. Main attractions include the colorful costumes worn by the residents
of Buyogan, a small town in Ormoc. This festival is named from buyog or bees, which is also the center of this event.
Dance competitions are part of this festivals wherein the participants used to imitate the movement of the bees.
Sunduan ha Carigana – this is celebrated every Holy Week, where the main event is during the Eastern Sunday. The focus
of this event is to commemorate the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Recreational activities are conducted. At least one
member of family of the locals are invited to join the recreational activities provided. Tourist are also much welcomed to
join.

Tacloban City, Leyte

History
 Tacloban was first known as Kankabatok, an allusion to the first inhabitants of the place – Kabatok. They established
their dwelling in the vicinity of the present day Sto. Niño church. Others who came later were Gumoda, Haraging and
Huraw who erected their own settlements in nearby sites. Huraw’s domain is the hill where the city hall now sits. The
combined settlements acquired the name Kankabatok, meaning Kabatok’s property.
 By the end of the 16th century, Kankabatok was under the political administration of Palo and part of the parish of
Basey, Samar. It was discovered in 1770, by the Augustinian Mission, who were superseded by the Franciscans in 1813.
During this period, Kankabatok was renamed to Tacloban.

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 Population/Language/ Area
 According to the 2010 census, tacloban City has a population of 221, 174. These people speak Waray, officially named as
Lineyte-Samarnon. The place is culturally and linguistically diverse. Most of its residences are Iberian and some has
Spanish-Filipino blood. Foreigners such as Spanish and Chinese mestizos also make up these population.
 Total land area is 201.72 km2 (77.88 sq mi).
Products and Services
Tacloban is the economic center of Eastern Visayas region, with an economy largely focused on commerce, tourism,
education, culture, and government in the region. Several regoinal broadcasters are based in the city, including ABS-CBN.
Business Opportunity
Tacloban City is the largest urban center in Eastern Visayas. As such, the city is perfect for investment opportunities to
mass housing projects, food establishments, fish canning and processing, furniture making, financial services and
technology-related businesses.
Tourist Spots
San Juanico Park Golf and Country Club – this is an 18-hole course located at 10 kilometers north of Tacloban.
Balyu-an Amphitheater – this amphitheater is located along the shores of Cancabato Bay. Various musical, cultural, social
and religious performances and gatherings are usually held here.
Sto. Niño Shrine and Heritage Museum – is a showcase of Filipino ingenuity. Displayed are collections of art objects,
priceless furnitures, fine procelain and ivory sculptures from within the country and abroad.
Calvary Hill – placed in this hill is the larger-than-life statues of Jesus Christ and other personages, in tableaux, depicting
the Christ’s sacrifice and sufferings. From the hill, a view of the whole city can be seen.
San Juanico Bridge – this is an S-shaped span of bridge connecting the islands of Leyte and Samar. This bridge expands
up to 2.16 kilometers.
Festivals and Celebrations
Sangyaw Festival – is a religious and socio-cultural event in the Philippines. It was revived in 2008 by the city
government of Tacloban, Philippines. Sangyaw means “to herald news” in Waray language. Various festival-participants
from different parts of the country participate in this tribal procession.
Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival – The Pintados-Kasadyaan Festival is a merry-making event lasting a whole month,
highlights of which include the Leyte Kasadyaan Festival of Festivals, the 17th Pintados Festival Ritual Dance
Presentation and the “Pagrayhak” Grand Parade.
Calbayog City, Samar (Western)
History
 Calbayog’s early history has been associated with the introduction and spread of Catholicism in the country. Calbayog
started as one of the small settlements in the Island of Samar, an area assigned to the Jesuit missionaries. Jesuit
chroniclers, as early as the 17th century, notably Fr. Ignacio Alcina, wrote many accounts about it and its people. Jesuit
records and reports referred to the settlement initially as Ibatan and Jibatang (Hibatang). In the annual report of 1739 the
name Calbayog appeared for the first time. Fr. de Huerta, a 19th century Franciscan writer, noted in his work Estado
Geografico that in earlier times, Calbayog was called Tiayban for having been founded near a river of the same name.
Then it was transferred due to a flood to the shore of the Hibatang River, whose name it took. Then again the settlers
transferred to the place that they permanently occupied and took the name Calbayog.
 Hibatang had already been a small settlement at the beginning of the 17th century. It slowly occupied a prominent place
among the several small settlements. It became a visita (a large barrio with a chapel) of Capul under the jurisdiction of the
Parish priest of that town. After the expulsion of the Jesuit missionaries from the Philippines in the 18th century, the
administration of the parishes in Samar was handled over to the Franciscan friars.
 Calbayog as a town and parish during the Spanish period was composed of several villages, the most populated of which are called
visitas. Calbayog grew from visita size and became a pueblo (town). It was created a separate parish in 1785. Separated from the
ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the parish priest of Capul, it was later given its own minister, becoming a religious center. Its parish
priests cared for the spiritual needs of the people living in what are now Calbayog City, the municipalities of Sta. Margarita, Sto. Niño
and Almagro. By the late 19th century a number of visitas became the poblaciones when new towns were created from Calbayog.
They were Caybago (later called Oquendo), Sta. Margarita, Weyler (later called Tinambacan) and Sto. Niño.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Calbayog City had a total population of 172, 778 as of 2010.
 The city has a total land area of 90,300 hectares which is .301% of the archipelago’s total land area, 4.21% of the regional
land area, 6.724% of the island of Samar, and 16.10% of the Samar province area. Forty percent of the city’s land area is
plain and hilly terrains with elevation ranging from 5 to 20 meters above sea level. The rest are rugged mountain ranges
with elevations from 300 to 700 meters above sea level located beyond 21 km. Northeast of the city proper. Flooding is
minimized because of many rivers, brooks, streams and natural water conveyors that flow towards the sea.
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Products and Services
Agriculture is the main economic activity in the city, aside from the wholesale and retail trading which are mostly
concentrated in the center of the city. Main agriculture products includes abaca, rice, corn, root crops, vegetables,
livestock and poultry. Fishing is also the source of livelihood for those living near the coastal areas. There is a ten hectare
mari-culture park which is now a major employer and producer of fish products.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in agribusiness and food processing especially sweets, meat and fish processing. Producing
items from abaca and coconut is a priority. The manufacture of furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry,
personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities
are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
Saints Peter and paul Cathedral – this cathedral as constructed in 1800s and is now the central church of the Diocese of
Calbayog. This is also considered as the biggest church in Samar. The structure reveals some of the old structures of the
Spanish architecture. The old dome, the spire and the thick walls are some of the old structures that can be found in the
church.
Handumanan Museum – used formerly as a jail but was renovated with a 2-storey 19th century Filipino building look.
This museum houses much of the city’s history. This is also the regular host of art exhibits in the city.
Guinogo-an Cave – its large entrance leads to a natural tunnel with an uneven ceiling, some portions touching one’s head
giving him an eerie trip through the dark, cool interior.
Mapaso Hot Spring – “Mapaso” means hot. This hot spring is abundant in crustaceans (pokot). They are naturally pinkish
resembling scaled shrimps due to the high temperature.
Tabokno Falls – this is a beautiful scenic falls is a wonderful picnic site of local residents and their source of potable
water.
Pan-as Falls – more than a beauty spot, this falls is the primary source of water for its residents. At places where the
cataract is so high, the water falling into the pool becomes a mere mist.
Ton-ok Falls – a scenic waterfalls hidden in lush tropical vegetation. Nature has places it out of easy reach to preserve its
beauty. This is also the source of hydroelectric power.
Festivals and Celebrations
Sarakiki-Hadang Festival (September 1 to 8) – this is a festival shows the merriment in the evening before awedding
ceremony, which redound to one of the most well-liked tradition, the so called pamalaye or pamamanhikan.
Karakol (either on January 27 or every last Sunday of October) – this is a less popular but a more traditional celebration of
the folks from Brgy. Matobato about merry dancing at the shortes bearing the image of Nuestra Señora de Porta Vaga,
more popularly known as “Soleda”.

Catbalogan City, Samar (Western)

History
 The original name of the Catbalogan was Katbalaugan or Kabalaugan. It was first organized by the priests of the Jesuits
Order or the Society of Jesus sometime in October 1596. On the first decades of the Spanish colonization of the country,
Samar was under the jurisdiction of Cebu. Later, it was declared as a separate province. In 1735, Samar and Leyte were
united into one province with Cariaga, in Leyte, as the capital. But the union did not prove satisfactory. In 1768,
Catbalogan City became the provincial capital when Samar separated from Leyte and became an independent province.
 From the colonization of Spaniards to the governance of Americans and to the oppressions of the Japanese troops,
Catbalogan suffered much. Even though there were little developments when it comes to economy and infrastructures,
the natives still hoped for the freedom they have been longing for. As early as 1960, Catbalogan already agitated to
become a city. On March 15, 2007, Catbalogan finally attained its cityhood.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Catbalogan City has a total population of 274.22 km2 (105.88 sq mi). The city is bounded on the north by the towns of
Tarangan and San Jorge, on the east by Jiabong, on the south by Maqueda Bay, and on the west by Samar Sea. Most of
land areas are rural. Topography is characterized by hills and mountains except for some narrow coastal plains.
Products and Services
 Catbalogan’s economy is agricultural although wholesale and retail trading dominate the economic activities in the
poblacion. Rice, coconut, abaca, rootcrops and vegetables are the main farm outputs. Fishing is an important industry
in the coastal barangays. Aside from fish, other marine products include seaweed, mollusk, oyster, crabs and shells.
Fishing areas are mostly concentrated within Maqueda bay and Samar Sea.

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 Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially meat and fish processing. The manufacture of furniture,
clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The establishment of
commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
Pieta Park – is located to St. Bartholomew Church and St. Mary’s College of Catbalogan. It has a memorial honoring
Catbaloganons and more than four thousand others who perished in the December 1987 tragic collision of the passenger
ship MV Doña Paz and the oil tanker MT Vector. Historians describe the Doña Paz tragedy not only as the world’s worst
ferry disaster but also the worst peace-time maritime disaster in history.
The Obelisk – is located at the heart of Catbalogan City’s Samar Provincial Capitol Park. It depicts four major events in
the history of Samar: the 1901 Balangiga Encounter that saw local revolutionaries inflicting the “worst single defeat” of
the Americans during the Philippine-American War (1899-1902), the 1649 Agustin Sumoroy Rebellion in Palapag against
the Spaniards, the October 15, 1596 arrival of the first Jesuit missionaries to Samar, and Queen Isabella II of Spain
carrying a Royal Decree of August 11, 1841 declaring Samar as an independent province.
Burii Baras Cove Beach resort – located on Buri Island, it is 12 km from the city proper. The beach has a long stretch and
is ideal for swimming and diving.
Festivals and Celebrations
The Manaragat Festival – held during the annual August month-long Fiesta celebration (August 1–31), the Manaragat
Festival is a tribute to the fishermen of Catbalogan City. Local fishermen share their catch of fish and other marine
products which they trade in the market. The Manaragat is a festive dance characterized by varied movements and
intricate steps of the different species of fish and sea shells inhabiting Maqueda Bay and beautifully presented by dancers
in exotic and colorful costumes. The Manaragat Festival of Catbalogan City honors its Patron Saint, St. Bartholomew,
every 24 August. St. Bartholomew, the miraculous Saint, is believed by the local folks to have maintained the richness of
Maqueda Bay as the major fishing ground of the province of Samar.
Kaadlawan Han Samar (Samar Day) – is celebrated every August 11. It marks the celebration of Samar’s Foundation
Day. The festival is participated by the province’s two cities and twenty-five municipalities and includes cultural dance
competitions, Mutya Han Samar Pilipinas (Miss Samar Philippines) beauty pageant, agro-fisheries trade fair and civic-
military parade.
Maasin City, Southern Leyte
History
 One of the oldest towns in Southern Leyte is Maasin, nowadays called Maasin City. Little is known about its pre-Spanish
existence. When the Spanish missionaries became active in their missions, they discovered that the Maasin community
was already organized, with its people friendly and interested in embracing the Catholic faith. The community was
formally established as a parish by the missionaries of the Society of Jesus in the 18th century and was called “nipa”.
This was authenticated by a piece of stone from a long destroyed convent that bears the inscription: “Pa. De Tagnipa –
año 1776.”
 The town grew rapidly in the 18th century after the Jesuit priests built the first church of which ruins still exists today
between the two districts of Abgao and Mantahan. The Jesuit administration prevailed from 1700 through 1768.
Subsequently, Augustinian fathers took over the parish from 1768 to 1843 during which the townspeople, with the
guidance of the Spanish ecclesiastical authorities, built the town’s second concrete church located approximately one
kilometer away from the ruins of the first one. The church stands to this day.
 The arrival of the Americans at the beginning of the 20th century and the suppression of all resistance to the American
rule stopped all dreams of Philippine independence. However, the epoch-making announcement of President McKinley
that the Philippines was not theirs to exploit but to train in the art of self-government and independence brough about
new hope for the Filipinos. True to their word, the Americans instituted in this country their democratic institutions.
Maasin was one of the beneficiaries of this enlightened American policy. Schools were established; businesses began to
uprise and prosper; and, Maasin became the most progressive town in southwestern Leyte (and still is).
Population/ Language/ Area
 With the recent census, the city reached a total population of 81,737 with the people speaking Cebuano and Boholano as
their native language.
 The province has a total land area of approximately 173,480 hectares characterized by flat lands along the coastal areas
and mountainous towards the interior. Additionally, the land has numerous small and major rivers.

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Products and Services
Maasin City has a thriving food processing industry producing macapuno tarts, pickled vegetables, processed meat, virgin
coconut oil, banana chips, and other delicacies.
Business Opportunity
The city offers opportunities in food processing especially fruit, vegetables, meat and fish processing. The manufacture of
furniture, clothing and fashion accessories, jewelry, personal care and other consumer goods are encouraged. The
establishment of commercial complexes and tourist facilities are welcomed in this city.
Tourist Spots
Maasin Cathedral – this church was built in the 1 7th century. This is probably not only the biggest but also the oldest
church in Maasin City. It is a diocesan seat since 1968. It shares its history with Don Anatalio Gaviola Plaza which is
dedicated to a former mayor of Maasin. It is still one of the highly recommended stumping points for tourists as well as
for locals.
The Guinsohotan Cave – is a large subterranean cave, 15 km from the city center and 276 meters above sea level. Those
who enter the cave by wadding or swimming can find small “in-cave” waterfalls, bats, and impressive rock formations.
The water coming out of Guinsuhotan Cave flows down in cascades forming a natural lagoon.
Abiera Museo d’Art – shows rare collections of artifacts, antiques, paintings, preserved animals, coins, gems, and other
historical relics. Although it is privately owned by the Abiera Family, it can be visited by interested ones. It is located at
Barangay Tunga-tunga in the heart of the city.
Region 9 (Zamboanga Peninsula)
Zamboanga Peninsula is a peninsula and an administrative region in the Philippines. Designated as Region IX, the region
consists of three provinces, namely, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, and Zamboanga Sibugay. The region was
previously known as Western Mindanao before the enactment of Executive Order No. 36 on September 19, 2001.
Pagadian City is the regional center.
The cities that make up the Zamboanga Peninsula Region, also known as Region 9, are:
1. Isabela City 2. Dapitan City 3. Dipolog City 4. Pagadian City 5. Zamboanga City
Isabela City
Isabela City is a 4th class city and the capital of the province of Basilan, Philippines. The city is located on the northern
shore of Basila. Across the Basilan Strait to the north is Zamboanga City.
History
 Isabela was first referred to by its ethnic groups (the Yakans, Samal Bangingih, Badjaos and Tausogs) as
“PASANGAN”, which name it still holds among the natives. In 1844 the Spaniards occupied “Pasangan”, and in July
of the following year was named Isabela, in honor of Queen Isabel II of Spain by Don Ramon Lubo, Marine Chief of
Zamboanga and Don Catyetano Suarez de Fiqueroa, Governor of the District.
 During the Spanish regime and the American occupation, Basilan was part of the Zamboanga Province, which then
also included the Province of Zamboanga del Sur and Zamboanga del Norte. In 1937, the City of Zamboanga brought
into existence and made Basilan as part of the newly created City.
 On July 1, 1948 by virtue of Republic Act No. 288, sponsored by then Congressman Juan S. Alano, Basilan island
became a chartered City, separating it from City of Zamboanga, with three Districts, namely – Isabela, Lamitan and
Maluso. Mayor Nicasio Valderoza was the first appointed City Mayor, who served until December 31, 1953, when he
retire, Leroy S. Brown took his oath as the next appointive Mayor of the City, who later became the first and the last
elective Mayor of the City of Basilan.
 On December 27, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos issued Presidential Decree No. 356 creating Basilan Province.
The Province had three Municipalities: Lamitan, Maluso and Isabela, the latter being its capital. Basilan City which
previously had an area of about 1,359 square kilometers was left with an area of barely one square kilometer.
 On December 2, 1974, P.D. 593 was issued amending P.D. 356 and increasing the area of Basilan Province to about 3
square kilometers and creating ten municipalities to comprise the province – Isabela, Lamitan, Maluso, Lantawan,
Sumisip, Tipo-Tipo,Tuburan, Tapiantana, Malamawi and Pilas.
 On December 11, 1975, Presidential Decree No. 840 was issued by President Marcos reducing the number of
municipalities comprising the province from ten to seven, namely: Isabela, Lamitan, Maluso, Lantawan, Sumisip,
Tipo-Tipo and Tuburan. The former City of Basilan and the Municipality of Malamawi were absorbed by the
Municipality of Isabela with an area of about 22,373 hectares.
 On December 12, 1975, Atty. Ricardo G. Mon, number one Councilor of the defunct City of Basilan, took his oath of
office as Mayor of the Isabela Municipality before regional Commissioner Rear Admiral M. Espaldon in Zamboanga
City. On January 1, 1976, Atty. Mon, officially assumed as Mayor of the Municipality of Isabela.

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 On March 5, 2001 Republic Act No. 9023 “An Act Converting the Municipality of Isabela, Province of Basilan into a
component city to be known as the City of Isabela” was signed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. Then on April
25, 2001 the Isabeleños ratified Isabela City.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Even though the island province of Basilan is part of the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), Isabela
City itselt is not part of it but is placed under the Zamboanga Peninsula region.Isabela City location
 While administratively, the island province of Basilan is part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM), Isabela City itself is in not part of this region and is placed under the Zamboanga Peninsula region.
 The physical feature of the whole area of the city is an irregular, rolling terrain. The steepest grades of over 60% are
found in some parts of the barangays of Menzi, Busay, Panunsulan, Calvario, Kapayawan and Kapatagan on the main
island of Basilan and in the barangays of Panigayan and Sta. Barbara on the offshore Malamawi Island.Isabela City
Map
 Climate of the whole area is classified under Type III zone with no pronounced rain periods and short dry season
lasting from 1 to 3 months.
 As of May 2010, Isabela had a total population of 97,857 living in a total land area of 223.73 km2 (86.38 sq mi). 73%
of which profess Christian faith (much are Roman Catholic) and 27% are Muslims. The biggest ethnic grouping are the
Zamboangueño (from nearby Zamboanga City), followed by the Tausugs (from Sulu), and the Bisaya (from the rest of
MIndanao and the Visayas). There are also other groups such as Yakan, Samal/Badjao, Maranao, Ilocano, Ilonggo and
Tagalog.
 Local dialect includes Chavacano, Visayan Tauso and Tagalog.
Products and Services
Agricultural products is the major product of the city. These include copra, with annual production of 10,744.06 tons;
rubber with 3,170.10 metric ton; cassava, 1,168.44 tons; corn, 1,046.56 tons; and rice with 646.3 tons. The marine
products follows with a total annual production of 3,445.6 metric ton. Fruit crops production, such as lanzones, durian,
mangosteen and marang, follows.
Tourist Spots
Kaumpurnah Mosque – historic seat of Islamic faith and teaching in Basilan, can be seen as you enter the Isabela Channel
Alano White Beach Resort – located on the northern part of scenic Malamawi Island, features white sand beaches, day
cottages and basic amenities for a day of fun with family and friends
Barandino Farm – located on the eastern part of city, it is 12 kilometers from the main city and has hectares coconut and
fruit trees
Cabunbata Falls – a natural watering hole for the environmentally conscious and the eco-friendly traveler.
Cathedral of Santa Isabel de Portugal – it is a seat of the Diocese of Basilan and Prelature of Isabela, In 1960s this was
design as a mod-art style with a distinctively Classical Roman mosaic for an altar wall.
Dapitan City, Zamboanga Del Norte
History
 The beginnings of the settlement now known as the city of Dapitan predate the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores on
the island of Mindanao. The Subanens, a nomadic tribe of Indo-Malayan stock, were the earliest known settlers who
lived along river banks or “suba”, from which word they received their present tribal identity as Subanen. However, it is
believed that the timid Subanens were forced to move further into the hinterlands of the Zamboanga peninsula out of
fear that pirates may seek shelter during foul weather in the natural harbors of Dapitan’s irregular coastlines. They are
now mainly found in the mountainous areas of Zamboanga del Sur and Misamis Occidental.
 Various historical accounts also indicate that trading voyages and commercial relations existed with the nascent but
thriving settlement of Dapitan. This interaction with traders from the different cultures in the region may have had some
influence on the cultural evolution of Dapitan itself. The influence of the Spaniards, the Americans, the Japanese, and
the different Visayan ethnolinguistic groups that settled here could not also be discounted in their contributions toward
the evolution and emergence of a distinctly Dapitanon culture.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Famous for being the place where the National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal was exiled, Dapitan City is located on the
northeastern coast of Zamboanga Del Norte Province. Dapitan is bounded on the north by Sulu Sea, on the east by the
towns of Sibutad and Rizal, on the south by La Libertad and Mutia, and on the west by Dipolog City and the towns of
Polanco and Pinan. Terrain is characterized by hills and mountains in the interior and a narrow coastal plain where the
city center is found.

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 Dapitan has a total land area of 390.5 square kilometers. It is about 650 kilometers southwest of Manila. It is accessible
by air via Dipolog domestic airport which is 15 kilometers away. It can also be reached by boat through its own port.
Travelling to Dapitan using vehicles is made possible through the Roll On Roll Off (RO-Ro) service of the western
Strong Republic Nautical Highway.
 Most of the people of Dapitan are migrants from the Visayas provinces and therefore Cebuano and Ilonggo are the
major dialects spoken. English and Tagalog however, are widely used especially as a medium of instruction and for
business and government transactions. Majority of the residents are Roman Catholics while the rest belong to the Iglesia
Ni Cristo, Protestant, and Islam.
Products and Services
Dapitan’s economy is basically anchored on farming, fishing and tourism. Coconut is the main farm product. Fishing is
greatly supported with the fish port in Taguilon District. With the opening of Pulauan Port to RO-Ro Service, tourist
arrivals have greatly increased.
Business Opportunity
Being the main gateway to Mindanao using the western nautical highway and considering raw materials available, the
following industries or businesses are recommended:
 Hotels and resorts
 Industrial estate and commercial complexes
 Cold storage facilities especially for the fishing industry
 Organic products such as fertilizer and high value commercial crops
 Cut flower and ornamental plants
 Rubber processing – Zamboanga peninsula is a major rubber producer
 Halal foods for export seaweed processing – nearby Sulu and Tawi-Tawi are known seaweed producing provinces
 Oleochemical products – an offshoot of the coconut industry
 Consumer goods such as processed foods, apparel, fashion accessories using native designs jewelry especially pearls
Tourist Spots
Rizal Shrine – this is considered as a major historical landmark in Dapitan and of the Philippine archipelago where
hundreds of visitors come and see for themselves the beauty of this 16-hectare sanctuary. This was acquired by Dr. Jose
Rizal by purchase during his exile and built several structures like the Casa Cuadrada, Casa Relonda, CAsa Redonda
Pequena, CAsitas Hospitales, Aquaduct, Mi Retiro Rock, Amphitheater and the Rizalina.
Ilahan Hill – is where Fort de Daptan was strategically constructed on its top by the Spanish Government as a military
fortress in order to protect and guard thriving settlements from foreign attacks. At the top of the Ilihan Hill and Foot Trail
at Talisay City Square, tourists will be amazed gazing the panoramic view of Dapitan.
Sta. Cruz Beach – was put as a symbol of Christianity when Jesuit priest F. Pascual Acuna arrived in Dapitan in 1607 and
baptized the natives. This is also the place where Rizal first set his foot in Dapitan. The Sta. Cruz Beach is part of a clean
stretch of beaches of the famous Dapitan Bay also known as the Sunset Boulevard nestled on the northern section of the
poblacion.
Festivals and Celebrations
Kinabayo Festival – which is celebrated every July 25 in the city portrays a mysterious and colorful pageant re-enacting
the Spanish-Moorish Wars, mainly the Battle of Covadonga where the Spanish forces under GEneral Pelagio took their
stand against Saracan. They were able to overturn the tide through the miraculous spirit of St. James. The addition of local
color and modernism has made this annual celebration a popular attraction which brings thousands of tourists to the
Dapitan City.
Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte
History
 During the Spanish regime in 1834, the settlement is already governed by a Spanish Provincial Government of Misamis.
Appointed “Capitan” who is the town executive together with a “Teniente” and “Aguacil” maintains law and order in
the area. As time goes by, more and more Boholanos, Cebuanos and pioneers from Negros settlers came to stay in the
town. In 1903, Dipolog and other neighboring township were separated and were annexed to the Provincia Mora which
later became Zamboanga province under the decree approved by the President of the Second Philippine Commission,
Judge William H. Taft. Then on March 4, 1904 an American Provincial Secretary delivered a written order converting
Dipolog into Barangay of Dapitan to be represented by two councilors and two policemen to maintain peace and order.
Residents disapprove of this move, thus protests were presented. A few years later, Dipolog regained back its township
and a town hall was constructed after a few months.

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 On July 1, 1913, Dipolog townhood was formally announced from the balcony of the Town Hall. Then on June 6, 1952,
a bill was passed and was later approved as Republic Act 711 creating Dipolog as the capital of Zamboanga Del Norte
and Zamboanga del Sur with Pagadian as the capital town. It was only on June 1, 1970 when Dipolog officially became
a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act 5520 signed by President Ferdinand E. Marcos.
Population/ Language/ Area
Currently the City has a population of 99,862 people in 20,461 households. The predominant language used is Cebuano
by about 97.00% of the population.
Dipolog City has a total land area of 137 km² or 13,628 hectares, surrounded by hills to the south and the Pacific Ocean in
the north. Dipolog is an agricultural community that comprises 9,093.99 hectares or 71.82% and 89.538 hectares of
fishpond used for agricultural purposes. Other land use is based on residential which composed of 14.09% of the total land
area, commercial, industrial, and use of institutional facilities. The city has an elevation of 2.5 meters above the sea level.
Products and Services
The City is now is now one of the major options of local and foreign investors. Dipolog is abundant with economic and
natural resources in terms of agriculture with fishpond areas and fishing grounds; fish production with approximately 56
fish species being produced, as well as livestock production such as carabao, cattle, horse, goat and pig.
Business Opportunity
Potential investment areas range from agri-based processing such as activated charcoal, dessicated coconut, broiler
contract growing, livestock raising, cattle fattening; construction, furniture, marble, low-cost housing projects, feed mill;
food processing or packaging such as meat and fish processing, mango processing and packaging.
Tourist Spots
3003 Steps to Linabo Peak – This is Dipolog’s highest elevation point – 486 meters above sea level. It has a concrete step
winding along a tunnel of verdant trees that leads to peak. Fourteen Stations of the Cross punctuate the way up. At the
peak, one can find a community chapel for prayer and contemplation and is a favorite retreat during Lenten season.
Sicayab Beach – The beach is a seven-kilometer stretch of fine gray sand and is situated four kilometers away from the
city proper. This is a favorite hangout of foreign and local tourists during holidays and weekend.
Pamansalan – Oisa Forest Park – This park is a 64-hectare lush forest ideal for trekkers and nature buffs. The park is a
joint project of the City Government of Dipolog and the OISCA (Organization for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural
Advancement) of Japan and features the Agro-Forestry Training Center, an Eco-Tech Secondary Education Building and
a mini Research Center. Also found in the park is the famous Sungkilaw Falls.
Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur
History
 The first settler of the city were the Subanon tribe along its riverbanks and was followed by the Muslims who settled on
the coastal areas which is now the communities of Muricay, Tawagan Sur and was named “Tolpokan” meaning a place
with abundant springs.
 Pagadian was first known as a sition of Margosatubig. On 1934, Director Teofisto Guingona Sr. was commissioned to
find out the possibility of transferring the seat of governance of the Labangan municipality to another place. A
conference was called together with the datus and the proposed transfer of Labangan government to Pagadian was
greatly opposed by majority of the Christians. Later on the designated committee led by Datu Balimbingan and with the
consent of Datu Macaumbang surveyed the western part of Pagadian and found Tolpokan as the final place for the
transfer of Labangan government. At the same time Datu Macaumbang donated two hundred sixty hectares of land to
Christians who were willing to transfer to Pagadian. With this recommendation on March 23, 1937 by virtue of
Executive Order no. 77 of the late President Manuel L. Quezon created the Pagadian municipality.
 Then on June 6, 1952 by virtue of Republic Act No. 711, Zamboanga was divided into into two provinces: Zamboanga
Del Sur and Zamboanga Del Norte. It was on September 17, 1952 when the Province of Zamboanga del Sur was
formally approved and Pagadian became its capital town. Pagadian became a chartered city on June 21, 1969 by virtue
of Republic Act No. 5478.
Population/ Language/ Area
Rural areas has a total population of 52,196 or 42%. Overall total population is approximately 125,182 as of the year
1995. Growth rate is said to be 3.75 persons per hectare or 375 persons per square kilometer.
Pagadian City is consist of 333.8 km2 (128.9 sq mi) land area. About 45% of it is steeply sloping terrain of hills and
mountains on the northwestern portion that covers an estimated 15,090 hectares. Mt. Palpalan, Mt. Timolan, Mt. Pinokis,
and Mt. Sugar Loaf are the four tallest peaks. Areas in the direct north and central part, have gentle to moderate slopes,
making up 47% of the total. The remaining 8% is level or nearly level which makes up most of the eastern and the
southern parts of the city. The urban area covers about 845.48 hectares. Elevation of the urban area of the city ranges from
1 MSL near Pagadian Bay to about 100 MSL in the area of Barangay San Jose.

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Products and Services
Pagadian City products are seaweeds, coco processing, cassava; manufacture of furnitures and decors made out of wood,
bamboo, rattan, steel and plastic; handicrafts made out of bamboo, rattan, coco shell, wood, marine shell, ceramics, and
weaving.
Tourist Spots
Bomba Beach – this is a 2 kilometer away from the city proper with the ambiance offering a perfect spot for fishing and
swimming. Coral reefs can also be found here.
Lourder Waterfalls – this is just 32 kilometers away from the city proper. The place is always visited by the tourists.
Manga Falls – this is a two layered cascading falls surrounded by huge trees and a home to white monkeys.
Zamboanga City, Zamboanga del Sur
The City of Zamboanga is a highly urbanized city located in Mindanao, Philippines. It is considered as the Zamboanga
City6th most populous and 3rd largest city by land area in the Philippines.
History
 During the era before the Spaniards found their way into the Philippines, Zamboanga City was a vast track of land and
nameless. However, due to its proximity with the other islands in Southeast Asia, it became a barter trading post among
the Chinese-Malays, the native Tausugs, Subanons, Samals, and the Badjaos. This barter trading took place as early as
in the 13th and 14th centuries. Archeological findings of pottery prove of Chinese presence in the region. The
inhabitants then were the Subanons along the river banks in the hinterlands, the Samals and Badjaos living in the coastal
areas.
 The origin of the word Zamboanga came from the early Malays who came to settle at the tip of the Zamboanga
peninsula. These Malays discovered the place to be profusely blooming with flowers and called it “Jambangan”
meaning “land or pot of flowers.” These Malays who built their settlements by the riverbanks were Subanons, meaning
“People of the River.” Their chief, Saragan, lived with his family atop the legendary rock Mt. Pulumbato that lords over
the city.
 However, the early Badjaos and Samals who settled on and off the shorelines were confused with the name
“Jambangan” and called the place “Samboangan” instead. The name “Samboangan” appeared on the 16th Century map
of the Philippine Archipelago, and was said to have derived from the native word “Sabuan” meaning a wooden paddle.
 Zamboanga City was founded by a Spanish Mission who sailed into the southern part of the Philippine Archipelago in
1635. The group landed at Caldera Bay, a fishing village along the west coast, now known as Recodo. The Spanish
settlement at La Caldera later moved to the tip of the peninsula which they found to be strategically located, and a fort
was built to ward off invading natives.
 The Federal Government of the United States built the City Hall in Zamboanga in 1905, which was completed in 1907.
It became the official residence of the Military Governor of Mindanao, which included Generals like Leonard O. Wood,
Tasker H. Bliss, Ralph W. Hoyt, and John “Blackjack” Pershing of World War I fame. Today, it still serves as City Hall
of Zamboanga City.
Population/ Language/ Area
Zamboanga City has a total population of 807,129, as of 2010, making it the 6th most populous city in the Philippines.
Considered as the 3rd largest city in the Philippines, Zamboanga City has a total land area of 1,483.3849 km2 (572.7381
sq mi). The overall topography of the city could be described as rolling to very steep. There are some flat lands, mostly
narrow strips along the east coast. The urban center is mostly flat with a gentle slope to the interior, ranging from 0 to 3%.
The highest registered elevation is 1,200 metres. In terms of slope, a large portion of Zamboanga, about 38,000 hectares,
have slopes ranging from 18–30%. Another 26,000 hectares have been described as having slopes pf less than 3% while
about 37% of the area or a total of 52,000 hectares have slopes ranging from 30% to more than 50%.
Products and Services
Zamboanga is noted as the Sardines Capital of the Philippinesbecause 8 out of 11 sardines companies in the country are
operating in the city. The canning factories are converged in the west coast of Zamboanga. Sardine fishing and processing
account for about 70 percent of the city’s economy. Situated at the western tip of the Mindanao mainland, Zamboanga is a
natural docking point for vessels traversing the rich fishing grounds of the Zamboanga peninsula and the Sulu
archipelago. Zamboanga’s eight canneries, which employ around 15,000 workers, process 1,000 tonnes of sardines daily.
Tourist Spots
Numerous landmarks in Zamboanga include Fort Pilar, Great Santa Cruz Island, Metropolitan Cathedral of the
Immaculate Conception, Pasonanca Park, Paseo del Mar, Pettit Barracks, and Zamboanga Golf and Country Club.

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Festivals and Celebrations
The Día de Zamboanga (Day of Zamboanga) is celebrated every February 26, the day when Zamboanga was declared as a
chartered city under the Commonwealth Government in 1937. The Hermosa Festival, a month-long festival held every
October, is celebrated in honor of the miraculous image of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of Zamboanga City.
Region 10 (Northern Mindanao)
Northern Mindanao is a region of the Philippines, composed of five provinces and two cities classified as highly-
urbanized, all occupying the north-central part of Mindanao island, and the island-province of Camiguin. The regional
center is Cagayan de Oro City. Lanao del Norte was transferred to Northern Mindanao from Region XII (then called
Central Mindanao) by virtue of Executive Order No. 36.
There are 9 cities that occupy the Region 10 area, these are:
1. Malaybalay City 6. Tangub City
2. Valencia City 7. Cagayan de Oro City
3. Iligan City 8. El Salvador City
4. Oroquieta City 9. Gingoog City
5. Ozamiz City

Malaybalay City, Bukidnon

“South Summer Capital of the Philippines”
Legend says that Malaybalay got its name during an encounter of the local children of the place to the Spanish explorers.
These explorers met children playing at the lower part of the Sawaga. The saoldiers asked these children about the name
of the place. Thinking that the explorers were asking about what they were doing, the children answered “tagbalaybalay
kay” (we are playing house). The soldiers thought the name of the place was Malaybalay, so they record the name
Malaybalay as the name of the place since then.
History
 Original inhabitants of Malaybalay came from the seashores of Northern Mindanao who were driven towards the
mountains due to the attacks of the pirates and the arrival of the Spanish colonizers. In 1850, Kalasungay (an old
settlement of Malaybalay) was burned down by the Spaniards during their final battle with the lumads. All male adults
were killed and thw women and children were taken as hostages. This battle was the last recorded fight between the
locals and the Spanish conquerors. Few days after their defeat, the survivors of the battle who fled to Silae slowly
returned to the area and established a new settlement near the Sacub River (present day Rizal Prk) under the lead of
Datu Mampaalong. They then accepted the Spanish dominion and embraced Christianity on June 15, 1877.
 August 20, 1907, the Philippine Commission Act No. 1693 was enacted creating the Province of Agusan and the sub-
province of Bukidnon. Malaybalay became an independent municipality on October 19, 1907. When Bukidnon was
declared as a regular province, Malaybalay was designated as its provincial capital.
 During the Second World War in 1942, the Japanese occupation troops entered Bukidnon and occupied Malaybalay,
establishing a camp in Casisang. In 1945, American libertation forces, together with the Philippine Commonwealth
Forces and Filipino guerrillas liberated Malaybalay.
 On February 11, 1998, President Fidel Ramos signed the act (R.A. 8490) that converted Malaybalay to a city, making it
the first component city of Bukidnon.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Malaybalay City, the capital city of Bukidnon is in the central part of the province. It is bounded in the east by the
municipality of Cabanglasan and the Pantaron Range, which separates Bukidnon from the provinces of Agusan del Sur
and Davao del Norte; on the west by the municipality of Lantapan and Mount Kitanglad; on the north by the
municipality of Impasug-ong; and on the south by Valencia City and the municipality of San Fernando.[9][10]
 The whole eastern and southeastern border adjoining Agusan del Sur and Davao del Norte is elevated and densely
forested mountains, which is one of the few remaining forest blocks of Mindanao.
 The nearest seaports and airports are in Cagayan de Oro City, which is 91 kilometers away.
 The total land area of the city is reaching up to 984.38 km2 (380.07 sq mi) with a total population of 153, 085 as of
2010.
Products and Services
Major industries in Malaybalay are agri-based such as poultry and piggeries. Big corporations can also be found here such
as San Miguel, Purefoods, Monterey, Swift, Asian Hybrid Philippines (feeds processing), Rubbertex (rubber shoes
manufacturing), and Monastery Farms (peanuts and other preserved foods). Cattle ranches can also be found here.

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Tourist Spots
Mt. Capistrano – this mountain served as the evacuation area during the World War II. Now it is characterized by its
unique rock formations and challenging caves.
Kaamulan Grounds – located at Brgy. 1, Kaamulan Grounds. This place is serving as an activity area, place of refuge,
picnic and other outdoor activities. Pine trees are around the park. The Folk Arts Theater where some provincial activities
and events are held, is also found here.
Bukidnon Forest Inc., (BFI) Industrial Tree Plantation – This 39,000-hectare reforestation project (21,000 hectares of
which are plantable) demonstrates the compatibility of nature with economic objectives. Funded with the assistance of the
New Zealand government under the auspices of DENR, the project has been operational since 1990. The City of
Malaybalay and the municipalities of Impasugong, Manolo Fortich and Malitbog are the areas covered by the plantation.
Its 5-hectare nursery is capable of producing 5.2 million fast-growing seedlings every year.
Bird Watch Tower – this tower can be found in Barangay Dalwangan. Variety of birds, some of which are already
endangered, can be found here.
Mount Katinglad – very ideal for mountain climbing. The mountain is said to be the 2nd highest peak in the Philippines
with 9,636 feet above sea level. The place is also a national park and serves as the protected habitat for the endangered
Philippine eagle.
Valencia City, Bukidnon
“The City of Golden Harvest”
The City of Valencia is a 2nd class component city in the province of Bukidnon, Philippines. It is the most populous
among all cities and municipalities,and the 6th largest in terms of area, in the whole province of Bukidnon.
History
 The territory that now comprises the city of Valencia were the former thirteen barangays of the City of Malaybalay,
Bukidnon.
 The earliest inhabitants in the area presently comprising part of the Poblacion were Bukidnon natives who founded a
settlement along the banks of Pulangi River and the confluence of the Panglibatuhan River. The pioneers were led by
Datu Sebastian Manangkila together with the families of the Binalhays, Laugas, Dongogans, Gua-ans, Lanayans, and
the Arenzos. The first site of the settlement was a sitio named “Panglibatuhan” because the area was thickly forested by
tree species called by the natives as “Malibato trees”. In 1911, on-room barrio school was opened, and its first teacher
was the late Leon Galorport. That school site is approximately the present location of the Poblacion Barangay High
School. Galorport, who came from his hometown, Valencia, Bohol named the school “Valencia School”. When the sitio
became a barrio of Malaybalay, the resident agreed to name it “Valencia”. Finally, when the southern portion of
Malaybalay was separated as a new municipality, the petitioners agreed to name the municipality as “Valencia”. The
barrio which was Valencia is now Barangay Poblacion and is the seat of the city government of Valencia.
 The rich natural resources found in the territory eventually attracted Christian settlers from the highly populated coastal
areas of Mindanao, Visayas and Luzon islands. Immigration of Christian settlers to the area started in the middle
1930’s. During the Second World War, the continued migration of Christian settlers further increased the population of
the area from 13,898 in 1960 to 64,541 in 1975. The population grew to 181,556, according to the latest census
conducted by the National Statistics Office in 2010.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Valencia City has a total land area of 607.13 km2 (234.41 sq mi) with a total population of 181,556 (2010 population
census). The city is located in the central part of the Province of Bukidnon. It is bounded on the north by the
municipality of Lantapan and Malaybalay City; on the east by the municipality of San Fernando; on the west and
southwest by the municipalities of Pangantucan and Talakag; and on the south by the municipalities of Maramag and
Quezon.
 From its core, which is the Poblacion, the city is 27 kilometers from the provincial capital of Malaybalay City and 118
kilometers from the regional center of Cagayan de Oro City. The means of transportation is by bus and private vehicles
and covers approximately two to three hours ride.
 The relative distance of the barangay from the city proper varies: four barangays are more or less 5 kilometers away, 20
barangays are 6 – 15 kilometers away, while the remaining 7 barangays considered as the most interior, are situated 16
kilometers or more from the city proper.
 There are no seaports or airports in the city, but the nearest are in Cagayan de Oro City.
 Most of the people speak Cebuano. There are some who speak Ilonggo and Ilocano. English and Tagalog are widely
used in schools, business and government offices.

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Products and Services
Farming is the main economic activity in the city of Valencia. Rice, corn, banana, root crops, and vegatables are the main
farm products. Wholesale and retail are the dominant commercial establishment in the city center. Cottage industries
produce wood articles, processed food, and handicrafts.
Business Opportunity
Valencia City is the center of trade and commerce in Bukidnon because of its central location in the heart of Mindanao,
and of its fast economic growth. The city is noted for its Valencia Rice, a variety of rice.
Tourist Attraction
Lake Apo – a crater lake in Barangay Guinoyoran, located at the hilly area, about 640 meters (2,100 ft.) in elevation,
about 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) west southwest of the Barangay Poblacion, the city proper. The lake was awarded as the
cleanest inland body of water in Northern Mindanao Region late 1990s. The green body of water has a estimated area of
24 hectares (59 acres) with maximum depths reaching up to 26 m (85 ft.).
Kasanayan Cave – located six kilometers from Sition Tungan-tungan, Barangay San Vicente. The cave has several huge
stalactites and are found 400 meters deep from the cave’s mouth. The cave also has a river inside it.
Iligan City, Lanao del Norte
“Industrial City of the South” and “City of Majestic Waterfalls”
History
Iligan City had its beginnings in the village of Bayug, four (4) kilometers north of the present Poblacion. It was the
earliest pre-Spanish settlement of native sea dwellers. The monotony of indigenous life in the territory was broken when
in the later part of the 16th century, the inhabitants were subdued by the Visayan migrants from the island kingdom of
Panglao. In the accounts of Jesuit historian Francisco Combes, the Mollucan King of Ternate invaded Panglao. This
caused Panglaons to flee in large numbers to Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte. In Dapitan, the surviving Prince of Panglao
Pagbuaya, received Legazpi’s expedition in 1565. Later, Pagbuaya’s son Manook was baptized Pedro Manuel Manook.
The Christianized Manook subdued the Higaunon village in Bayug and established it as one of the earliest Christian
settlements in the country. The settlement survived other raids from other enemies, and, because of their faith in God and
in their patron saint, Saint Michael the Archangel, the early Iliganons moved their settlement from Bayug to Iligan. The
name Iligan is from the Higaonon word iligan or ilijan’ meaning “fortress of defense” against frequent attacks by pirates
and other hostile Mindanao tribes.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Total population of the city as of 2010 is 322,821. The land area of the city is 813.37 km2 (314.04 sq mi) which is
bounded on the north by three municipalities of Lugait, Manticao and Opol; on the south by another 3 municipalities of
Baloi, Linamon and Tagoloa and another two municipalities of Kapai and Tagoloan II; on the northeast by Cagayan de
Oro City; to the east by the municipality of Talakag, Bukidnon; and to the west by Iligan Bay.
 Iliganons compose of the Cebuano speaking locals and the minority that compose of the Maranao, Tagalog and some
other cultural minorities and immigrants from other places.
Products and Services
Iligan City is considered as the Industrial Center of the South as it produces hydroelectric power using the Maria Cristina
Falls for the whole Mindanao region through the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR). It also houses industries like
steel, tinplate, cement and flour mills. The National Steel Corporation, one of the largest steel manufacturers in the
Southeast Asian region, now Global Steelworks International Incorporated was re-opened in 2003.
Tourist Spots
Known to be the City of Iligan Majestic Waterfalls, Iligan City has 23 waterfalls surrounding it. The most famous is the
Maria Cristina Falls which is the main source for hydroelectric power in the whole Mindanao region. Other famous falls
good for vacationers are the Tinago Falls, accessible through a 300-step staircase; Mimbalut Falls; Abaga Falls;
Dodiongan FAlls; and Timoga Springs.
Festivals and Celebrations
Diyandi Festival – this monthlong celebration is usually held every the 29th day in the month of September. This festival
is for the honor of their patron saint Miguel de Archangel whom they regard as the protector from evil.
Oroquieta City, Misamis Occidental
 Oroquieta was called before as Layawan. The now city was then a barrio in the province of Misamis since 1861 to 1879.
The early settlers were Boholano peddlers. Since much of the animals can be found along the river, the named the place
Layawan, which means place of many stray animals.
 After some years, Misamis was divided into two provinces, Misamis Occidental and Misamis Oriental. In 1880,
Layawan converted into a town and the name of the place was changed to Oroquieta. Some folks say that the the place

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 was named after the famous barrio in Spain where Father Toas Tomas Casado, the first parish priest and General
Domingo Mariones y Murillo, a hero in the battle of Oroquieta, were born.
 Many years had passed, Oroquieta progressed by leaps and bounds until finally it became the capital town (cabecera) on
January 6, 1930. As capital town, people of various neighboring provinces came and inhabited in the place where they
earn their living through fishing, farming, merchandising and other forms of businesses. Soon afterwards its income
increased simultaneously with increase in population.
Population/ Language/ Area
 2010 Population Census states that Oroquieta City has a total populace of 68,945 all living in a land area of 23,788
hectares. The people speaks Cebuano as their native language. The city has lowland plains and wide coastal lowlands on
its eastern side and rolling to wide highlands and mountains on its western side.
 Oroquieta City has lowland plains and wide coastal lowlands on its eastern side and rolling wide highlands and
mountains on its western side. The Bureau of Soils has classified the city’s land features into four slope categories,
namely 5-8%, gently sloping or undulating; 8-15%, moderately sloping or rolling; 0-2%, level to nearly level and 2-5%,
very gently sloping.
Products and Services
Oroquieta City is known for its hospitality and peace loving people. The city is also a major agricultural trading center,
such as coconut and several ‘coconut-processing’ factories. Oroquieta is also a leading producer of copra since it became
a city.
Tourist Spots
Ambak-Ambak Falls – offers relaxation to both locals and tourists due to its greenery background and fresh air. One can
surely frolic in this falls.
Layawan River – this river was awarded as the cleanest river in the Philippines last 2002.
Mount Malindang – this is a national park where endangered species such as the Philippine Eagle is housed. The
mountain’s peak is 2,402 meters high and 7,233 feet above sea level.
Sebucal Hot Spring – this is one of the most interesting spot to visit in Oroquieta City. Most avid mountaineers and
trekkers will truly enjoy the route starting from Oroquieta, seeing the nature in its splendid form. Mount Sebucal is
approximately 4,500 feet above sea level and the mountain is also noted for its constant change in temperature and feeling
of thinner air to breathe.
Festivals and Celebrations
Tabanog Festival – held every summer time, this is a kite-flying festival where every legal residents of the town are
invited to participate.
Inug-ong Festival – is the Suban-on’s version of the Sinulog of Cebu. This is a weeklong fiesta every October 2nd week.
Street dancing featuring tribal dance is presented as a tribute to Oroquieta City’s patron saint, Our Lady of the Holy
Rosary.
Ozamiz City, Misamis Occidental
“Pilgrimage Destination”
History
Before Ozamiz was created, it was then a part of a town called Misamis.
The development of the old Spanish town, Misamis, was all because of the presence of the Spanish garrison stationed at
the stone fort named Nuestra Señora dela Conception del Triunfo which was constructed about 18th century in so that the
piratical activities will be controlled, which was originating in the nearby Lanao area. In 1850, the town of Misamis
became the capital of the District of Misamis.
After the Second World War, Misamis became a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act 321 on July 16, 1948. RA 321
also renamed Misamis to Ozamiz after a WW-II hero José Ozámiz who hailed from the province of Misamis Occidental
and who at one time also served as its governor.
Population/ Language/ Area
Last 2010, Ozamiz City recorded a total population of 131,527, inhabiting a land area of 16,407 hectares. The city is
characterized by its low flat elevation in urban areas rising in slope upward to the west as it approaches the interior. The
terrain toward the western border is particularly rugged and very sparsely settled as hills and rolling lands are among its
physical features.
Products and Services
Ozamiz City is agricultural by resources, but it has become the center for Commerce, Health, Transportation and
Education in this part of Mindanao, considering its strategic location and its peaceful atmosphere. The city has good
harbor location, its local port is the principal outlet of mineral deposits, agricultural and forest products of the provinces of
Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, parts of Lanao del Norte and Misamis Occidental.

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Tourist Spots
Naomi’s Botanical Garden and Tourism Inn – this garden is situated on a 12 hectare property of local and imported
tropical flowers, plants and fruit seedlings. There are fully air-conditioned private rooms, a function halls, tennis court,
golf range, ceramics factory, pottery and a bakery inside.
Mt. Malindang Golf and Country Club – before, this golf club was used as a prewar army facility.
golf ozamis - Ozamiz Golf
Festivals and Celebrations
The feast of Our Lady of Triumph at Cotta Shrine is celebrated every July 16 which is also the Charter City anniversary.
Subayan Keg Subanon festival is also held on the same day. The Cotta entertainment area has free live band concerts and
other musical variety shows each weekend. Fireworks displays are held at Cotta during Fiesta and holidays. It can be seen
across Panguil bay as far as Lanao del Norte.
The feast of Immaculate Conception is celebrated every December 8 while every 4th Sunday of January is the Sr. Sto.
Niño Fluvial Parade held at Panguil Bay. Balanghoy Festival is held annually at Cotta area
Tangub City, Misamis Occidental
“Christmas Symbols Capital of Mindanao”
History
 Tangub came from the word “tangkub”, a Subanen word for rice container made of tree bark woven together by rattan
strips. A Spanish soldier on patrol in the area found a dead man whom the Subanens described as bitten by a snake
inside the “tangkub” when he checked if there was still rice in the container. Not understanding the dialect, the soldiers
reported that there was a dead man from “tangkub” and the name stuck, which later on was changed to Tangub.
 Trade and commerce emerged when many agricultural products were harvested, and the Subanos bartered their land
for goods brought in by other Christian settlers. Years after, Chinese merchants settled in this place and helped to
hasten the transportation of the settlements into a civilized communities. Tangub became successful during the years
1898-1910.
 Tangub became a municipality in the 19th century by virtue of an executive order by American Governor-General
Dwight Davis. There was also a time that the name of the municipality was changed to “Regidor”; however the orginal
name was also restored a few years later. Then on June 17, 1967 under Republic Act No.5136, Tangub became a
chartered city.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Tangub City recorded a total population of 31,326.
 Tangub City is located at the southern part of the province of Misamis Occidental, forming a D-shape. It is bounded by
Mt. malindang in the north, Ozamiz City in the east, Panguil Bay in the south and the municipality of Bonifacio in the
west. Travelers can reach the place through plane for just an hour and a half from Manila; 30 minutes by plane from
Cebu City; and an overnight travel by boat from Cebu City; and three hours and thirty minutes by public utility bus
from Cagayan de Oro City.
 Sheltered by the mighty Mt. Malindang Range and embraced by the placid Panguil Bay, Tangub City is composed of
fifty-five barangays spread over a land area of 16,572 hectares. The topography is approximately 40% plain along the
coast of Panguil Bay and 6% rolling and hilly, gradually rising to the Mt. Malindang National Forest Reservation area.
The city does not have high rise buildings and traffic congestion.
Products and Services
The city was greatly damaged during the World War II, and this has declined the progress of the city for some time. The
growth and development of the city after the war underwent a very slow process; however with the cooperation of the
local residents agricultural lands were tilled again and agricultural products grown abundant again. Vegetables, bananas
and root crops were raised with copra as the major agricultural crop. Other residents were also engaged in fishing. The
output was estimated as 1,900 metric tons from January 1980 to December 1980, collecting revenues amounting to P
8,062.80 in that year for fishing permits alone. Grant loans under the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) Fishing
Development Program greatly helped many fishermen that became the major factor for the fishing industry to boost.
Tourist Spots
Tangub City was nicknamed as the “Christmas Symbols Capital of Mindanao”, as many visitors prepare lots of activities
and Christmas decorations and lanterns are being made and displayed in the city plaza, highways, barangays as part of
competition. Other worth visiting destinations in Tangub City are:
Hoyohoy Highland Park – here every tourist can see the panoramic views of Panquil Bay and the surrounding cities and
towns of the city.
Memorial Hill – this is a small hill located inside the prison reservation compound. This hill has a World War II Vintage
Japanese canon. It is also a burial site of Eriberto Misa, the famous Prison’s Director from years 1937 to 1949.
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Festivals and Celebrations
Dalit Cultural Festival –This is celebrated every February 28 in lieu of the City Charter Anniversary day. Various
activities are highlighted on this day, such as serenade or “mañanita”, colorful public parade, and ethnic dances. “Dalit”
means to offer and the festival is opened with the offering of a live goat killed by the wildlife hunters after the blessings of
the tribal head are made. Selected beauties dressed in their ethnic costumes are also being offered as a modern version of
the festival. This is a revival of the old tribal custom of expressing thanks for peace, a bountiful and all the blessings
bestowed by God.
Harvest Festival –This festival showcases various agricultural products for selling and promotion. The festival is a venue
to promote the agri-tourism program of the city, creating business-matching opportunities for the people of Tangub City.
Cagayan de Oro City, Misamis Oriental
“The New Adventure Capital of the Philippines”
Cagayan de Oro City serves as the capital city of the province of Misamis Oriental in the north-southern Phillipines. It is
also the regional center for the Northern Mindanao (Region X), and is part of a growing Metropolitan Cagayan de Oro.
History
 Cagayan de Oro before was just an area inhabited by island natives who called the place as Himologan. These settlers
were living in this area around 377 C.E. (during the late Neolithic period). In 1622, two Spanish Augustinian Recollect
missionaries came in contact with these natives of Himologan who then converted them into Christianity.
 In the year 1738, the influence of the Spaniards were felt throughout Cagayan de Oro. When Misamis gained status of
province in 1818, one of its four districts was Partidos de Cagayan. In 1871, the “Partidos” became a town and was
made a permanent capital of Misamis. One year after, Cagayan was declared as the permanent capital of Segundo
Distrito de Misamis. The name of the town was changed into Cagayan de Misamis.
 On June 15, 1950, President Elpidio Quirino signed Republic Act No. 521, which granted the status of a chartered city
to the Municipality of Cagayan de Misamis.This was made possible through the efforts of then Cagayan de Oro
Congressman Emmanuel Pelaez.
 Cagayan de Oro was then declared a highly urbanized city by the Ministry of Local Government on November 22,
1983.
Population/ Language/ Area
Total land area of Cagayan de Oro reaches up to 488.86 km2 (188.75 sq mi) which is being inhabited by 602,088 of
population (2010 census), making the city as the 10th most populous city in the Philippines. Much of these population
speaks Cebuano as their main language due to the influx of Cebuano speakers from the Visayas. However, English is still
used for business and in the academe. Most of the local population can also speak Tagalog.
Products and Services
Cagayan de Oro is famous for its hams (Jamon de Cagayan). Chicharon or pork rind is becoming a popular snack along
with local meat products like beef jerky. Cashew nuts from Lumbia district are also abundant in the city.
Tourist Spots
Museo de Oro – located within the campus of Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, where exhibits of the artifacts dug
from Huluga Cave and repertoire of Bukidnon and Maranao cultures which have survived the ravages of time.
Monigue Cave – located at Barangay Mambuaya. This cave has a flowing water from underground which serves as the
entrance in the cave. It only has a small opening and a narrow passage so all who desires to come inside it should
submerge themselves in the water in order to enter. Inside, the cave will offer its visitors a beautifu; sparkling formations
of Calcites. There are also other formations such as flowstone, gurpool-resembling terraces, transparent crystals and
picturesque speleothems such as cathedral drapes and icons.
Palalan Falls – is surrounded by boulders and stones dubbed by the city as “oro” stone similar in characteristics with the
Mangima stone.
Mapawa Nature Park – is for horseback riding, biking, zipline and nature trekking adventures.
Cagayan de Oro River – is one of the rivers draining the northern central part of the island of Mindanao in the Philippines.
The river has its headwaters in the Kalatungan Mountain Range found in the central part of the province of Bukidnon. It
traverses the Municipalities of Talakag, Baungon and Libona, picking up tributaries along the way. It finally empties into
the Macajalar Bay at Cagayan de Oro City in the Province of Misamis Oriental.

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El Salvador City, Misamis Oriental
History
 El Salvador was created from the barrios of El Salvador and Molugan with their sitios known as Sala, Sambulawan,
Sinaloc, Lagtang, Talaba, Kalabaylabay and Hinigdaan, formerly part of Cagayan de Misamis, Misamis Oriental, in
1948.
 El Salvador City was one with the other 15 cities which lost its cityhood after the Supreme Court of the Philippines
granted a petition filed by the League of Cities of the Philippines, and declared the Cityhood Law RA 9435 which
allowed the town to acquire its city status, unconstitutional.
 However, on February 15, 2011, El Salvador city regained its cityhood.
Population/ Language/ Area
 El Salvador is located in the Province of Misamis Oriental in Northern Mindanao (Region X). It is bordered by the
Municipality of Alubijid to the west, Opol to the east and Manticao and Naawan to the south. On the north, lies
Macajalar Bay in the Bohol Sea.
 According to the 2007 population census, El Salvador had a total population of 41,905. Majority of the people speaks
Cebuano. There are also some who speaks English especially in schools, government institutions and in business
offices.
Products and Services
El Salvador hosts several plants and factories west of Misamis Oriental. These are Asia Brewery, Tanduay Rhum, Virgin
Cola Bottling Plant (Visayas and Mindanao region distributor), The Aoso, Zest-O Corporation, WL Foods Corporation,
Universal Robina Corporation, Timber Industries of the Philippines, Inc. (TIPI) and Union Plywood Corporation.
Business Opportunity
Because of its proximity to Cagayan de Oro and Laguindingan, where an international airport is situated, El Salvador
offers a wonderful business opportunity to the following industry: food processing such as meat packing, curing and
canning; rubber processing; hotels, resorts and amusement parks; food establishments; and fish canning, bottling and
deboning.
Tourist Spots
Divine Mercy Shrine – The shrine was completed in 2008 and is noted for having a 15.24 metre (50-feet) statue of the
Divine Mercy Jesus. It serves as a pilgrimage site for Divine Mercy devotees.
Festivals and Celebrations
Tagnipan-on Festival – this is street dancing parade using nipa (palm) as the major decorative item for costumes. This
festival is usually held every January 18.
Region 11 (Davao Region)
Davao Region / Southern Mindanao, designated as Region XI,is one of the regions of the Philippines, located on the
southeastern portion of Mindanao. Davao Region consists of four provinces, namely: Compostela Valley, Davao del
Norte, Davao Oriental, and Davao del Sur. The region encloses the Davao Gulf and its regional center is Davao City.
Davao is the Hispanicized pronunciation of daba-daba, the Bagobo word for “fire” (the Cebuano translation is “kalayo“).
Davao Region has six (6) cities, namely:
1. Panabo City 2. Samal City 3. Tagum City 4. Davao City 5. Digos City 6. Mati City
Panabo City, Davao Del Norte
“Banana Capital of the Philippines”
History
Even before the Spaniards came to posses the country, Panabo was already a thriving community with an open trade with
nearby country. The place was inhabited by the Aetas. These people were living through hunting and were spending all
their days in the wild forests of the area.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Population of the city reached to 164,035 as of 2010, all living in a total land area of 251.23 km2 (97.00 sq mi).
 The City of Panabo is located between the two (2) bustling cities of Tagum and Davao City. It is within the latitude of
125º to 44” North and longitude of 7˚, 14” and 7˚ and 23” East. It is bounded on the North-East and North-West by
the Municipality of Carmen, on the South-West by Davao Gulf and on the West by Davao City.
 It is the doorstep of Davao City towards the Province of Davao del Norte. It could be reached by all types of land
transportation passing through the Daang Maharlika (Pan-Philippines Highways) plying from Davao City to the
northern part of Davao and finally to Butuan City and Cagayan de Oro City. It is thirty-two (32) kilometers away from
Davao City and twenty-eight (28) kilometers from Tagum City. It is also forty-five (45) minutes ride from Davao and
thirty minutes (30) from Tagum City.

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Products and Services
 Because of its nearness to Davao City and its rich agricultural lands, it is a ready market for products such as processed
foods, fertilizer, feeds, farm implements, furniture, fashion items, and other consumer goods. There are also lots of
investors putting housing projects, commercial complexes, and tourist facilities like hotels and resorts, amusement parks
and demonstration farms.
 Bananas and other related products and services are the features of the city that make it popular.
Business Opportunity
Nicknamed as the Banana Capital of the Philippines, much of the possible businesses here might be related to it. In
addition to that, there are also banana plantations scattered throughout the city. The city itself cultivated 40% of its land or
around 10,000 hectares into planting export-quality bananas, which is known as “cavendish bananas”.
Tourist Spots
Freedom Park
Samal City, Davao Del Norte
“Island Garden City”
History
 The island of Samal was originally called as Sama. That was also the ethnic name of the inhabitants living in the island
before. They were ruled by Datu Taganiyug, a native of Peñaplata. The island was already an established community,
with regards to trade, as it joined the trading with China.
 When the Spaniards came, the free and peaceful place of Samal was guarded with arms and weapons. Their freedom
from its conqueror didn’t stop at the surrender of the Spaniards of the whole Philippines as the Japanese took over the
whole country.
 During the World War II, the island didn’t escape the tragic events of it. The Japanese figter planes bombed some of
the areas in Samal resulting to the death of many of its inhabitants and destruction of much of its place. The people
were forced by these Japanese soldiers to work for four years until they were expelled by the Allied forces.
 After the war, the city continued to move forward as infrastructures were built like schools, churches and market places
in the area.
 July 8, 1948, the entire island was converted into a municipality. That progress alone did not stop the municipality to
flourish as it was changed to be a chartered city on January 30, 1998.
Population/ Language/ Area
The total land area of Samal City is 30,130 with a total population of 82,609.
Business Opportunity
Samal City, Davao Del NorteThe city is the largest resort city of the Philippines, due to its good beaches, and it also
houses many beach resorts, such as Kaputian Resort, Pearl Farm, Paradise Island, and many more. It has also numerous
marine reefs and tranquil waters that lure the tourists to visit them. Because of these, the Department of Tourism named it
one of the best visiting islands in Mindanao and now the fastest growing tourist destination in the country. Thus, tourism
is the main source of income in the city. Biggest taxes are imposed to tourism and resort industry.
Tourist Spots
Vanishing Island – half of the 80 hectare shoal emerges as sand bar during low tide but vanishes during high tide.
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
“Music Capital of Mindanao”
History
 The city’s former name was Magugpo.The place was just a vast wilderness where Mansakas, Manguangans, Mandayas
and the Kalagans in the coastal barangays. Most of these people were gaining their food through hunting. The only
recorded transformation of this vast wilderness was during October 1929 when a man named Sulpicio Quirante from
Moalboal Cebu came and lived in the place. More people from neighboring places came and built habitation there. They
also organized themselves into the Magugpo Homesteader’s Association. This organization bought the homestead of a
native in Magugpo and subdivided it into lots of 750 square meters each. These lots were sold to the newcomers in the
price of one peso and fifty centavo (P1.50). The accumulated amount from the buyers were also used as membership fee
to the association. This association financed the construction of the first infrastructures in Magugpo like school building,
teacher’s cottage, rest house and chapel.
 From being a district of Davao City, Magugpo became a municipality and was called as Tagum on June 23, 1941. The
economy and the physical structure of the municipality continued to flourish until it was converted into a chartered city
on March 7, 1998 and it was continued to be called as City of Tagum.

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Population/ Language/ Area
 The total land area of the city reaches up to 195.00 km2 (75.29 sq mi). This place is predominantly occupied by lands
used in agriculture purposes. The city is located 55 kilometers north of Davao City, an hour and a half minute travel.
 The city has a total population of 242,801 as of 2010.
 Tagum City is typhoon-free due to its location. The city enjoys a weather that remains balmy all year round. It is
characterized by a uniform distribution of rainfall, temperature, humidity, and air pressure. It has no pronounced wet or
dry season. Weather predictability makes it highly conducive to agricultural production. Temperature ranges from 20 to
32 degrees Celsius and average rainfall is up to 2,000 mm yearly.
Products and Services
Since much of the lands here are used for agriculture purposes, the main products of the city are coconut, rice, Cavendish
banana, and other fruits.
Tourist Spot
 Barret Beach Resort  Mangroove River Cruise
 Underwater Marine Park  Fishing Village
 Banana Plantation
Davao City, Davao Del Sur
“Durian Capital of the Philippines”
History
 Davao was but a small village consisted by various organized barangays. It was ruled by Datu Bago. This chieftain
held his settlement near Davao River.
 The first recorded attempt of the Spaniards to posses the place was when Don Jose Cruz de Uyanguren, native of
Vergara, Guipuzcoa, Spain, together with other 70 men and women. Uyanguren, with his party, planned to defeat Datu
Bago for them to get the place. As they were passing the narrow channel of the Davao River bend, their ship was
outmaneuvered. Three months later, still in the plot to dethrone the Datu and to subject the whole place to subjection,
Datu Bago’s warriors attacked them which resulted to a battle. Few weeks after, Don Manuel Quesada, the Navy
General of Zamboanga, arrived with a company of infantry and joined in the attack against Datu Bago’s settlement.
When Datu Bago was defeated, they renamed the whole region as Nueva Guipuzcoa and founded the town Nueva
Vergara, which is Davao now, in the year 1848. He became the first governor.
 Nueva Vergara continued to progress as many people engaged to local businesses. The few numbers of Catholic
converts however made Marquis de Solana, under Governor General Blanco’s order, to replace Uyanguren in the
position. The natives continued to send petition to the local government to rename the place as “Davao”. Fortunately,
their request was granted.
 Davao continued to progress even in the arms of the next invaders, American and Japanese. Because of the increasing
influence of the Japanese in the trade and economy of the region, town of Davao was converted into a city in march 16,
1936.
Population/ Language/ Area
Estimated population of Davao City as of 2011 was 1,530,365 and a land area of 2,444 km2 (944 sq mi). People living in
the city are a mixture of Filipino, Chinese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Arabic races. Inhabitants, who speak mainly
Cebuano as their native language, are called as Davaoeños.
Products and Services
Davao City is a leading producer of mangoes, pomeloes, bananas, coconut products, papayas and mangosteens. Durians
are also one of the most notable export products of the city has since become an informal icon for Davao that it has been
nicknamed, The Durian Capital of the Philippines.
Business Opportunity
Davao City is considered the primary financial hub of Mindanao.One Network Bank is based in the city and is the largest
rural bank in the Philippines in terms of assets, most of them located throughout the provinces of Mindanao, including
seventeen localities where it is the sole provider of financial services. Government-controlled social insurance agencies
like Social Security System and Government Service Insurance System also operate in Davao. In the city there are many
Davao Affordable Hotels or Davao Luxurious Hotels where you can stay to transact business opportunity.
Tourist Spots and Destinations
The Philippine Eagle, the country’s national bird and considered the largest eagle in the world, is endemic to Davao. The
orchid species Waling-waling and fruits like the durian and mangosteen are also popular flora in the city.
1. Philippine Eagle Foundation and Nature Center 3. Davao Crocodile Farm
2. Mt. Apo 4. Pearl Farm Resort

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Davao City Major Festivals
1. Araw ng Dabaw (Day of Davao) – which is held every March 16, Davao’s cityhood day.
2. Kadayawan Festival – held during August.
Digos City, Davao del Sur
“City of Sweet Mangoes”
History
In the early days, Digos was a watercourse, a meeting place of inhabitants belonging to the Austronesians settled along the
southern foothills of Mt. Apo. The rivers near the place was used by the people for fishing and bathing.
Digos in later years, before its conversion into a city, was regarded as the capital town of the Province of Davao del Sur,
long before it gained the status of a First Class Municipality in 1993, being center for trade, commerce and education,
accruing to its strategic location at the cross point of two principal thoroughfares in the south.
Municipality of Digos was changed into a component City of Davao del Sur, which was signed by President Joseph E.
Estrada on July 14, 2000 and ratified by the Digoseños on September 8, 2000.
Population/ Language/ Area
Digos City’s land area ranges from hilly to mountainous in the north-northeast portion and flat and slightly rolling at the
coastal barangays. The urban areas and the surrounding barangays in the south portion are flat. Climate in Digos falls
under fourth type while wind direction is prevalent from northeast to southwest.
Products and Services
Agriculture is a major component of Digos City economy. Some 9,330 households or 37% of the total households are
dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Of the total households dependent on agriculture, 91% are engaged in
farming and the remaining 9% in fishing. The total area devoted to agriculture covered 8, 944.1 hectares, representing
31% of the total land area of Digos. The more important agricultural crops grown in the area include coconut, sugarcane,
mango and banana. Among the agricultural crops, the staple crops rice and corn are the most widely grown.
Business Opportunity
Being the largest urban center in Davao del Sur, Digos City is a good place for investment in the businesses such as
housing projects, hotels, resorts, amusement parks, food establishments and processing, clothing and fashion accessories,
financial services and electronics related businesses.
Mati City, Davao Oriental
“The Coconut Capital”
History
 Mati comes from the Mandayan word Maa-ti which refers to the town’s creek that easily dries up even after heavy rain.
Pioneer settlers were tribes Kalagan, Mandayan, and Maranao which carried strong Arabic and Indo-Malayan
influences.
 Captain Prudencio Garcia, the pioneer political-military head in 1861, and his comrade Juan Nazareno founded Mati
and two other towns in Davao Oriental. By 1903, Mati was declared a municipality by virtue of Act No. 21. By 1907,
Act No. 189 further reaffirmed the establishment of its local government. Bonifacio Serrano was the first appointed
mayor while the first elected mayor was Patricio Cunanan in 1923. Mati became the capital of Davao Oriental since
1967.
 The Japanese Imperial forces landed in town and occupied most of eastern Davao region in 1942. Mati was liberated in
1945 by the Allied Philippine Commonwealth troops of the 6th, 10th, 101st, 102nd, 103rd, 104th, 106th, 107th and
110th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army, 10th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary
and the Davaoeño guerrilla units.
 Mati celebrated its grand centennial in 2003.
Population/ Language/ Area
The recorded population of Mati City as of 2010 was 126,143 and the total land area is 682.00 km2 (263.32 sq mi).
Products and Services
Agriculture products are the main source of living here. Products include coconut, which is planted almost anywhere int
he city; bananas; pineapples; and fishes.
Business Opportunity
Mostly, the local people rely on agriculture and agro-industries for living. Different products like banana, pineapples,
coconut and fish are exported to other countries. This region is linked to the markets of Mindanao, Malaysia and

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Indonesia. Because of its tropical nature and beaches, tourism is a rapidly growing business here. And with its large
deposits of copper on its outskirts, mining is also contributing to the city’s economy.
Tourist Spots
Cinco Masao Beach Resort
Pujada Island
Dahican Beach
Region 12 (SOCCSKSARGEN)
SOCCSKSARGEN is a region of the Philippines, located in central Mindanao, and is officially designated as Region XII.
The name is an acronym that stands for the region’s four provinces and one of its cities: South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan
Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City. The region is more formally known by its older name Central Mindanao.
The regional center is Koronadal City located in the province of South Cotabato. Cotabato City, though geographically
within the boundaries of the province of Maguindanao, itself is part of SOCCSKSARGEN, and is independent of that
province. Maguindanao province is, in fact, a part of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) which has
its seat in Cotabato City. SOCCSKSARGEN and the province of Maguindanao were once part of the original Cotabato
province.
The region has five (5) cities, namely:
1. Kidapawan City 2. Cotabato City 3. General Santos City 4. Koronadal City 5. Tacurong City
Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
“The City of Fruit and Highland Springs”
History
 The original name of Kidapawan City was Pikit. In 1942, the Japanese Imperial forces Kidapawan. Three years passed,
local Filipino soldiers and guerrillas fought for the liberation of the town. After that, Kidapawan was declared as a
separate municipality, dated August 18, 1947.
 Kidapawan City was legally created by virtue of Republic Act. No. 8500, signed by then President Fidel V. Ramos on
February 12, 1998, making it the first component city of Cotabato Province. The people overwhelmingly ratified the
said Act on March 21, 1998 during a plebiscite conducted for the purpose.
Population/ Language/ Area
Kidapawan City has a total land area of 340.07 km2 (131.30 sq mi). Its population reached up to 125,447 as of 2010.
Local ethnic groups that reside the city are Cebuanos, Ilocanos and the Ilonggos. There are also some Maguindanaons and
Manobos. Cebuano language is the local language of the city. English is widely used in the schools, business and
government offices and other private institutions.
Products and Services
Kidapawan city also prides itself as the Second Fruit Basket of the Philippines, after Davao City. Exotic fruits like Durian,
Mangosteen, Lanzones, Marang, Singkamas, Rambutan, Banana, and the like are grown and harvested in abundance from
the rolling highlands of Mt. Apo, passing through the wide plains of the rural communities of Kidapawan City, and down
into the backyard of every household.
Crops abundantly grown in the area include abaca, rubber, corn, rice, coconut, and vegetables.
Business Opportunity
The flower-cutting industry is a good source of livelihood among Cotabateños, especially those residing in Kidapawan
City. In addition to ornamental and forest tree seedlings, flowers such as roses, anthuriums and orchids are abundantly
grown locally providing a very promising and highly profitable source of livelihood and business in the area.
Tourist Spots
Mt. Apo – the tallest mountain in the Philippines with a total height of 10,311 feet above sea level. This mountain serves
is where the Philippine eagle can be found. There are also moss-covered century-old-trees, captivating flora and fauna,
sulfur craters, and massive boulders in the mountain.
Lake Venado – this falls stands at an elevation of 7,200 feet above sea level. It has a crystal clear water where the Mt. Apo
can be seen.
Lake Agko – it has a hot and cold springs. It stands at an elevation of 4,200 feet above sea level.
The Marbel Falls – is a hidden twin falls of about 60 to 70 feet in height, is surrounded by hot springs.
Mawig Falls – is located in Barangay Balabag, is the source of the crystal-clear waters of Matingao River.

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Cotabato City, Maguindanao
“Stone Fortress of Mindanao”cotabato city area map
History
Cotabato City had witnessed more history than any other place in Mindanao. Its history dates back to the 15th century
when Shariff Kabunsuan, an Arab missionary, landed along the banks of the Rio Grande de Mindanao and introduced
Islam to the natives. Islam was the faith that moved the early settlers to communal life, and to establish the Sultanate of
Maguindanao with its golden age ushered in by Sultan Dipatuan Qudarat during the 17th century the time when Cotabato
City developed as the capital town of Maguindanao.
In the nineteenth century, when Sultan Makakua ruled, roads and wharfs were constructed which gave rise to the birth of
modern day Cotabato. However, the then Municipality of Cotabato was first organized at the later part of the 19th century
when the Spaniards established a military post at what is now Barangay Tamontaka, one of the earliest Christian
settlements founded south of the Phiippines. Cotabato was then officially founded in 1862 when the Pueblo de Cotabato
was established; Christianity was introduced in the area in around the year 1870.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Cotabato City had a total population of 271,786 and it continues to increase as some immigrants from other
nearby provinces and towns come to live in the city.
The city is situated in the lowest portion of Maguindanao province. The City of Cotabato with its 37 barangays spans an
area with marked landscapes of flat, level to nearly level, very gently sloping to gently undulations to moderately sloping
or rolling. It is basically a delta formed by two big rivers, the Tamontaka River and the Rio Grande de Mindanao.
Basically 70% of its total land area is below sea level. There are only 2 existing elevated areas in the city, the PC Hill and
the Timako Hill with an altitude of 90 and 150 feet, respectively.
Tourist Spots
Rio Grande de Mindanao – this is the largest river in the Philippines and the longest in the whole Mindanao region. With
the estimated long of 182 kilometers and 96 meters wide, this river is crisscrossing the whole area of the city. This river is
good for water sports and boat racing.
Kutang Bato Caves – this is the only cave in the country that is right in the heart of the city. It has various entrances are all
within the roads.
Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Masjid – this is the largest mosque in the Philippines.
Festivals and Celebrations
Shariff Kabunsuan Festival – this festival is celebrated every December 15-19, which is celebrated in honor of Shariff
Mohammad Kabunsuan, an Arab missionary from Johore who planted the seed of Islam in Central Mindanao. On this
event, certain presentations are performed such as dances. There are also many recreational activities and sports.
Highlights in this festival are Dance Parade, Banca Race and the re-enactment of Shariff’s arrival.
Araw ng Kutabato (Cotabato Day) – celebrated every June 12-25, this is the biggest celebration in all of the city’s
festivals. This festival is held to commemorate the city;s charter day.
General Santos City, South Cotabato
“Tuna Capital of the Philippines”GenSan City map location
History
 Organized under the National Land Settlement Administration (NLSA) of the Commonwealth Government headed by
President Manuel L. Quezon, General Paulino Santos led the relocation of 62 Christian settlers from Luzon to the shores
of Sarangani Bay aboard the steam ship “Basilan” of Compania Maritima on February 27, 1939. The 62 pioneers
(mostly agricultural and trade graduates) were the first big batch of settlers to land in GenSan with the mission to
industriously cultivate GenSan’s fertile expanse of land. After this first influx of pioneers, thousands more from Luzon
and the Visayas have subsequently migrated into the area. This started the displacement of some native B’laan tribe to
the mountains and lost their livelihood.
 The Blaan people are the original settlers of GenSan which they called Dadiangas during the time. The B’laans live a
nomadic way of life in and around GenSan. Evidence of their early occupancy are the names of the places in the city
which were derived from their native terms. One significant name is Dadiangas, their native call for a tree which has
thorns on its trunk and stems that abundantly thrive in GenSan during the time. Under Indigenous Peoples Right Act
IPRA law RA 8371, these Dadiangas trees are now protected and it is proven under the Philippine jurisprudence of the
Supreme Court. In the present time, the B’laan tribe live side by side in harmony with the new generation of settlers and
other immigrants.
 In March 1939, the first formal settlement in the city was established in ’’Alagao’’ which is now known as Barangay
Lagao. Lagao district was known then as the “Municipal District of Buayan” under the jurisdiction of the deputy
governor of the Municipal District of Glan. Until it officially became an independent Municipal District of Buayan on

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 October 1, 1940 appointing Datu Sharif Zainal Abedin—an Arab mestizo married to a daughter of a very influential
datu of lower Buayan—as the first district municipal mayor.
 June 1954, the Municipality of Buayan was renamed General Santos as a tribute to its great pioneer. This was made
possible by Republic Act No. 1107authored by Congressman Luminog Mangelen of Cotabato Province.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Population in General Santos reached up to 538,086, with a growth rate of 5.05% in 84,045 households, making General
Santos as one of the most populous cities in the Philippines. Natives speak Ilonggo, a Hiligaynon dialect, followed by
the Cebuano and Ilocano dialects.
 General Santos City has a total land area of 536.01 km2 (206.95 sq mi), with land use based on built-up areas such as
commercial, institutional, industrial, livestock at 5,843.81 hectares of the total land area; special land uses such as agro-
industrial, parks and recreation, pastureland and vacant lots in 23,320.95 hectares of the total land area; agriculture lands
at 17,489 hectares or 32.63% of the total land area. Other land uses are based on forest areas and bodies of water in the
city.
Products and Services
 Commodities due to its fertile soil, good rainfall and typhoon-free climate. General Santos City is the largest producer
of corn, coconuts, copra, pineapples, asparagus and rice and it also produces other high value crops such as exotic fruits,
potatoes, vegetables, cut flowers and okra. The city also has the largest total daily fish landings in the Philippines and is
the leading producer of sashimi grade tuna.
 Additional economic factor in the City is the presence of major economic infrastructure support facilities which has a
standard comparable to international benchmarks. There is also the current International Standard Airport with a 3,200-
meter runway capable of handling wide-bodied jets like Airbus 300 series and Boeing 747, catering direct flights and
connecting flights to various cities in the Philippines.
 General Santos also boast of its world class Fishport Complex which has a 750-meter quay, 300-meter wharf for 2,000
GT reefer carriers, refrigeration facilities with 1,500 cold storage capacity, 60 tons/day ice plant, brine, air blast and
contact freezers. The Makar Wharf is one of the most important ports in Mindanao and has now expanded.
 The City has 59 banks operating. There are also 49 pawnshops providing emergency loan assistance and 48 lending
institutions. Since the year 2000, General Santos City registered 1,505 new medium to large enterprises businesses. The
total investments were based on social and personal services, wholesale/retail trade business, manufacturing and mining
& quarrying.
Business Opportunity
It would do well to diversify the city’s industry to avoid over-dependence on its tuna industry. A modern agro-industrial
estate with a cold storage terminal should be put up to support the outlying farm lands.
Festivals and Celebrations
General Santos City celebrates the Kalilangan every month of February. “Kalilangan” means festival, festivity or
jubilation. It is a social gathering marked by exchanging of amenities among traditional leaders, elders, allies and
subordinates in varying tones. In a broader perspective, Kalilangan projects a positive and dynamic meaning for it engulfs
the artistic, humane and altruistic aspects of social interaction that takes place in any occasion or celebration. Kalilangan
is a noble tradition. It is a complete work of art nourished and nurtured by rich cultural heritage that has withstand the test
of time from generation to generation.
Koronadal City, South Cotabato
History
 Kironadal’s name was believed to have been derived from the two B’laan words koron or kolon meaning cogon grass,
and nadal or datal meaning plain which aptly described the place to the natives. Native settlers at that time were the
B’laans and some of the Maguindanaos. It was on August 18, 1947 when President Manuel Roxas signed the
Executive Order creating the municipalities in the entire province of South Cotabato, one of which was Koronadal. The
same order likewise mandated the official function of the municipal government which began after the qualification
and election of the first municipal official.
 Koronadal was converted into a component city of South Cotabato, now known as the City of Koronadal by virtue of
Republic Act 8803 on October 8, 2000. At present, Koronadal is a fast developing growth center composed of twenty
seven (27) barangays including the four (4) zones in the poblacion. Being the capital city of South Cotabato, it is the
center of the province in terms of political, cultural and socio-economic activities.

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Population/ Language/ Area
 The people in Koronadal City are comprised of the people speaking Hiligaynon language, which comprised of 80% of
the population. Twenty percent of the population speaks Cebuano due to its proximity in GenSan and Davao City. There
are also others who speak Tacurong.
 The city is not a sectarian city thus making the Christians and the Muslims live together in harmony.
 Koronadal City is comprising a total land area of 284.25 km2 (109.75 sq mi). Koronadal City is located on the northern
part of South Cotabato province in Southern Mindanao. It is the seat of the provincial government of South Cotabato
and one of only two cities of the province. The other is General Santos City. The city is bounded on the northwest by
the town of Tantangan, on the northeast by Lutayan, Sultan Kudarat, on the southeast by Tampakan town, and on the
southwest by Banga town. The city is situated on the southern part of the great plain of Central Mindanao. Mountain
ranges however, defined the city’s terrain in the east and in the southwest.
Business Opportunity
Located amidst a wide expanse of agricultural fields coupled with its proximity to the markets of General Santos City and
neighboring towns, this city is an ideal location for businesses ranging from small to large enterprises. It is a good location
for a provincial or regional branch. Investing in real estate business maybe a good deal particularly medium-size
sudivisions, commercial complexes, and industrial zones. Tourism-related ventures such as hotel and golf course are good
bets considering its proximity to the tourism spots of nearby provinces.
Tourist Spots
 Saravia Falls  El Gawel Zoo & Resort
 The Farm @ Carperter Hill  Supon Falls
 Paraiso Verde and Water Park (Mindanao’s
Biggest Water Park)
Festivals and Celebrations
Hinugyaw Festival – this festival celebrates every month of January and it coincides with the foundation anniversary of
the city.
Tacurong City, Sultan Kudarat
History
 The place which later became the city of Tacurong was once a barangay of the municipality of Buluan of the then
empire province of Cotabato. The place was originally called “Pamansang”, after a creek that flows from south to north
of the area. In the 1940s, the place became the way station of the 19-C Survey Team due to is strategic location and
suitability for the purposes of the survey team. During those years, the place also became a stopover point for travelers
and the Oblate missionaries on their way to the different points of Cotabato Province.
 The name “Pamansang” was changed to “Talakudong”, the maguindanao term for head covering which was worn by
most of the early settlers and people in the area. How the place came to be associated with head covering cannot be
ascertained. Eventually, the name was later shortened / changed to Tacurong. It can only be deduced that the present
name Tacurong must have originated from the word “Talakudong”
 Tacurong was separated from its mother town of Buluan and was created a municipality by Executive Order Number
462 signed by the late President Elpidio Quirino on August 3, 1951.
 After 49 years of existence as municipality of Buluan, Tacurong was converted into a city. It was also then accepted by
the people on September 18, 2000.
Population/ Language/ Area
 The population census of 2010 reported that the city had a population of 89,188.Majority of these people speaks
Hiligaynon as their native language and is followed by Cebuano speaking people.
 Tacurong is located at the center of Central Mindanao. It is 92 km from Gen. Santos City, 96 km from Cotabato City
and 178 km from Davao City. It is situated at the crossroads of the Davao-Gen. Santos-Cotabato highways, and is the
financial, commercial, education, and rest and recreation center of the area.
Products and Services
The city’s economy is primarily agricultural with rice, corn, and palm oil as the main farm products. Large industries are
limited to rice and corn milling, including the one operated by the National Food Authority (NFA). There are a number of
cottage industries which produce processed foods, fabricated metals, furniture, pottery, and handicrafts.
Business Opportunity
Tacurong has the potential to become an agro-industrial center. Projects that have bright prospect in the city are food
processing especially meat, fruit and vegetables, sweet corn canning, dairy farming, production of feed, fertilizer, and
farm implements, corn and cassava starch, production of household goods, essential oil, furniture, and metal fabrication.

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Investors are also encouraged to explore the tourism potential of the city by putting up tourist facilities such as hotels,
restaurants, amusement parks, and demonstration farms.
Tourist Spots
Baras Bird Sanctuary – where more than 20,000 herons and cattle egrets inhabit this more than one hectare bird sanctuary.
Festivals and Celebrations
Inugyunay Festival – this is a thanksgiving festival celebrated every December wherein tress, buildings and streets are
designed by lights and many colorful decorations.
Talakudong Festival – or also known as “The Festival of Hats”, is the city’s main festival where the participants wear
colorful headgears or “talakudong” and costumes.
Region 13 (Caraga Region)
Caraga is an administrative region of the Philippines, on the northeastern portion of the island of Mindanao, also called
Region XIII. The Caraga Region was created through the Republic Act No. 7901 on February 23, 1995. The region is
composes of five provinces: Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Surigao del Norte, Surigao del Sur and Dinagat Islands. It
also has six cities:
1. Butuan City 2. Cabadbaran City 3. Bayugan City 4. Surigao City 5. Bislig City 6. Tandag City
Butuan City, Agusan del Norte
“Timber City of the South”
History
The natives of Butuan already established a trading relations with the Kingdom of Champa, now southern Veitnam, and
Srivijaya Empire of Sumatra as early as 10th century and by 11th century, the town was already a center of trade and
commerce in the Philippines.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Butuan City has a total land area of 81,728 hectares km2. A total of 4.1% of that area is of Caraga region. The land
can be divided into agriculture areas (397.23 square kilometers), grass/shrub/pasture land (61.14 square kilometers),
forestland (268 square kilometers) and of other use (90.242 square kilometers). The total forest land area is divided
into two: the production forest area (105 square kilometers) and protection forest areas (167.5 square kilometers). In
the production forest, individual tree species are mostly grown in the area while in the protection forest, trees are
preserved to support and sustain necessary ecological balance.
 Total population in the city as of May 2012 is 309, 709, an average density of 367 persons per square kilometers,
higher that the regional average density of 101 persons per square kilometers. Much of these people speak
Cebuano/Bisaya. Some of the old native-born inhabitants still speak a language called Butuanon. However, most of the
people understand Tagalog (Filipino) and English.
Products and Services
 The city is known for its lugging services, which earned the city a nickname “Timber City of the South”. This industry
helped the city be a highly urbanized city. One major factor for the continuous growth of the trees in the city is the
Agusan River.
 The city also take pride of their delicacy called “Palagsing”. It is made from lumbiya (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) where
Unaw or lumbiya starch is harvested from the palm tree. Another popular ingredient is young coconut meat taken from
coconut trees. The unawyoung coconut and brown sugar are mixed then it is wrapped in a banana leaves and boiled for
30 minutes. The outcome is a soft, chewy and delicious palagsing.
Tourist Spots
Balangay Shrine Museum – this museum displays a 1,678-year old graveyard and other ancient materials discovered in
the city.
Butuan National Museum – a repository of historical and cultural materials and artifacts of Butuan’s prehistory times.
There are two exhibit galleries: the Archaeological Hall with stone crafts, metal crafts, wood crafts, potteries, materials for
goldsmiths making, burial coffins and other archaeological diggings, while Ethnological Hall exhibits contemporary
cultural materials used for living by Butuanon people.
Mt. Mayapay – this mountain plateau is 2,214 feet above the sea level. This mountain was named from the ancient
Madjapahit Empire.
Cabadbaran City, Agusan del Norte
History
 Cabadbaran’s pre-Spanish history can be traced down to 1,200 AD due to some traces of 12th century villages along
waterways of the city. There are also artifacts of these pre-Spanish villages that can be found at the Cabadbaran City

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 Artifacts Gallery, housed at the City Library. However, we have no records of what transpired in the city during the pre-
Spanish years in the city.
 Archival records showed that Cabadbaran was first mentioned in history as a small village chosen by Spanish
authorities to become a new reduction which they called “La Reunion de Cabarbaran” in 1867. Added to the existing
small population at that time were the inhabitants of Bunawan, Talacogon & Solibao who were coerced by Spanish
authorities to migrate to La Reunion. Ten years later, in 1879, La Reunion was disbanded. Those from upper Agusan
went back to their places of origin and the remnant population were attached to the town of Tubay.
 The industry in Cabadbaran grew as they continued to produce abaca and rice. By 1930, local transportation became
known in the town as the Agusan-Surigao road became serviceable. Among the bus lines that contributed to the towns
economy was the MASTRANCO. When the Japanese entered the town and when the World War II started, the whole
economy was affected.
 When the independence was granted to the Philippines, the economy in Cabadbaran also boomed. Gold mining and
logging contributed much for this growth. And by July 28, 2007, Cabadbaran became a city upon issuance of R.A.
9434.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Screen Shot 2016-10-18 at 9.30.02 AMCabadbaran lies 9 degrees north latitude and 125 degrees and 30 minutes east
longitude on the northeastern part of Mindanao. Its boundaries are Tubay to the north, Butuan Bay to the west,
Magallanes to the south, Madrid, Surigao del Sur to the east. It is 29 kilometers away from Butuan City. It is generally
flat with rolling hills and swamplands in its western part. The highest of all mountains in Caraga Region, Mt. Hilong-
hilong (located 2,012 meters above sea level), rises in this city.
 As of 2010, Cabadbaran has a population of 69, 241. Its land area spans up to 327.46 square kilometers.
 The city belongs to the Second Climatic Type of the Corona Classification. No definite dry season in the place and
maximum rainfall occurs from October to January. The average annual rainfall is 171.29 mm, average annual
temperature 27.5 degrees.
Business Opportunity
 The city has also a booming economy based on agro industry, commerce and trade, source of several export and
industrial products; it has also varied ecotourism destinations ranging from Caraga’s highest peak, mile long tunnels to
adventure tourism sites.
 Easily accessible from the cities of Surigao and Butuan, the City has modern transport, communications, banking and
accommodation facilities that could provide all the convenience a modern traveler needs.
Tourist Spots
Cabadbaran Ancestral Houses – an old Spanish architecture houses. The most prominent among them is the Atega
Ancestral Home, the biggest and most beautifully preserved house, located at Caraga.
Cabadbaran Museum – a repository to the town’s old documents, as well as artifacts from Cabadbaran’s 4 archeological
sites.
Centennial Bitaug Tree – a 500-year old tree announced by the Philippine Centennial Commission as a centennial tree.
Bayugan City, Agusan del Sur
“The City of Rice, Corn and Flowers”
History
 Bayugan was formerly a sitio of Barangay Maygatasan, Esperanza. By year 1942, Japanese troops entered the sitio. Six
years later, the Department of Public Works and Highways conducted a survey for a national highway that would
connect Butuan with Davao City. By this survey, possible town sites were identified and among them was the Barangay
Maygatasan. However, the National highway passed through the sitio of Bayugan instead of Barangay Maygatasan.
Migrants started settling in the sitio of Bayugan, thus, prompting the transfer of the proposed town site.
 In the early part of 1960, the people of Bayugan passed a resolution creating the sitio of Bayugan into a barrio. A year
later, barangay officials worked out the creation of Bayugan into a regular and independent municipality. Their petition
was granted by Executive Order No. 440 on August 6, 1961. Year 2007, Bayugan became a city.
Population/ Language/ Area
 As of 2010, Bayugan City has a total population of 99,361 living in a total land area of 505.00 km2 (194.98 sq mi).
 The city is geographically situated below the typhoon belt but is usually affected by depressions forming in the typhoon
regions of Visayas and the province of Surigao del Norte. The climate map of the Philippines based on the modified
coronas classification shows that the city falls under Type II, which also is the weather classification of the province of
Agusan del Sur.

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 Type II climate has no dry season with very pronounced wet season of heavy precipitation. Maximum rainfall generally
occurs from December to January although there is no single dry month. Its average monthly rainfall is 355 mm. and
average temperature is 27.15 degree Celsius. Areas characterized by this climate type are generally along or very near
the eastern coast thus are open to the northeast monsoon.
Products and Services
Bayugan City, also called as the province’s “cutflower capital” is conducive to high yield cutflower. The city is also one
of the major producers of rice, and vegetables in the whole province. Year 2008, the city had a total financial resources of
PHP 405,151,000. And in the same year, the city’s Internal Revenue Allotment amounted to PHP 385,000,000.
Business Opportunity
There are lots of institutions in the city that can be a great source for business. Form financial sectors to shopping centers
and restaurants, Bayugan City is a great source for business in the south.
Tourist Spots
Green Haven Adventure Farm – facilities include: 2 swimming pools, a three-point zipline, mini zoo, mini forest for
trekking and hiking, garden and covered hall venue, and a restaurant.
Pinagalaan Falls – the tallest and biggest falls in the city and known to be the most beautiful place in the province.
Mangrove Base Park – has airsoft gamesite, picnic sheds, trekking and hiking venue and bar.
Surigao City, Surigao Del Norte
History
 Surigao City was known before as “Banahao”, according to the writings of Fray San Juan Francisco de San Antonio
written on 1738. He described Banahao as located at the northern head of Mindanao within there is a good port for
ships called Bilan-bilan.
 Before, banahao was part of the old district of Caraga which became the Politico-Military District with Tandang
(presently, the capital of Surigao de Sur) as its capital. In its original size during the Spanish era, Surigao de Sur,
Surigao de Norte up to Gingoog River in Misamis Oriental according to the Philippine Commission Report of 1901,
Surigao was ten time bigger that Rhodes Island as three times bigger that Connecticut. Because of repeated attacks by
Moro pirates, the provincial capital was within the defensive perimiter of the Spanish Naval Squadron in Cebu and
Ozamis.
 Surigao officially became a town when it became the permanent residence of the Recollects on February 1, 1751 when
all the canonical books were moved from Siargao to Surigao. “The first canonical books bore the signature of Fr.
Lucas dela Cruz.” Previously, the place was Justa “Vista” of the Parish in Caolo (Siargao).
 Surigao is named after the old province (district) of the same name (Surigao). There are many versions regarding the
meaning of Surigao: how this was derived. Like Sulo which names current (Sulog). Surigao probably came from
Spanish word Surgir, meaning swift water or current. With the division of Surigao into two province, Surigao del Sur
and Surigao del Norte, the municipality of Surigao became the capital of Surigao del Norte. It became a chartered City
on August 31, 1970.
Population/ Language/ Area
 Year 2011 was marked by the rapid growth in the population of Surigao City with the total of 132,151. These natives
speak Surigaonon as their native language. It has a similarity with the Cebuano dialect but staunch Cebuano speakers
can hardly understand people who speak Surigaonon. There is no doubt Surigaonon existed as pure and distinct, slowly
pelted overtime by Visayan words as migrants settled in the area. Today, Surigaonon is the most widely spoken
language inherent in the entire Caraga region.
 Surigao City, with a total land area of 245.34 km2 (94.73 sq mi), is marked by rolling hills that gently buffers its
eastern and western boundaries. To the southwest towers the Kabangkaan Ridge which divides the city from the
municipality of San Francisco (formerly Anao-aon). Kinabutan River ( otherwise known as Surigao River) meanders
Surigao valley before it empties to the Surigao tidal basin, a shrinking mangrove swamp fast overtaken by the city’s
expansion. It has an average elevation of 19 meters or 65.5 ft. above sea level. The highest elevation on the mainland at
the Kabangkaan Ridge has a peak elevation of 465 meters above sea level. Along the border of Tagana-an is Mapawa
Peak with an elevation of 245 meters above sea level. Barangays Cabongbongan, Nabago and Capalayan are at the foot
of its slopes.
Products and Services
The city’s primary agricultural produce includes rice, corn, vegetables, rootcrops, coconut, copra and bananas. It is a
major supplier of fish and crustaceans; its exports reach buyers as far as Hong Kong, Japan and China. A tuna canning
factory is planned, a first in the Caraga region.

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Business Opportunity
Surigao City offers exciting opportunities for the courageous businessman. The city’s tourism potential is enormous.
There are also fertile agricultural areas surrounding the city. In addition, the city is near forested mountains which
provides raw materials for various industries such as furniture and wood carving. The fishing industry can be developed
further by introducing mariculture.
Festivals and Celebrations
Pasayan Festival ( September 10-11) – pasayan is the local word for shrimp, which is bountiful in the area. The city
celebrates this festival through cook-off. This culinary cookfest uses large quantities of shrimp prepared in a variety of
recipes. Other highlights of this festival include shrimp eating contest, senior citizen backward marathon, palm wine
(tuba) drinking contest and threading-the-needle contest.
Kinilaw Festival (October 2) – this festival showcases different styles in preparing kinilaw, a dish consisting of raw fish
marinated in citrus, vinegar or coconut milk mixed with spices and served as an appetizer, similar to the South American
ceviche. It also features other marine products abundant in the city.
Bonok-Bonok Marajao Karadjao Festival (September 9) – this is a day long festival marked by street dancing anf
festivities featuring the ethnic Mamanwa tribal dance, Bonok-bonok commemorating thanksgiving after a bountiful
harvest, worship of gods and tribal wedding.
Bislig City, Surigao del Sur
“The Booming City by the Bay”
History
Bislig City’s name was derived from the forest vine of rattan family that grew in abundance along the banks of its rivers.
By 1624, Bislig was already a missionary outpost. It became a town on December 28, 1920 by virtue of Exec. Order No.
62 and was inaugurated as such on January 1, 1921. Due to its ongoing progress and the investments that was placed on it,
Bislig was converted as a component city on July 2000 by virtue of Republic Act No. 8804. This was unanimously
approved by the natives on a plebiscite held on September 18 on that same year.
Population/ Language/ Area
Population of Bislig City reached up to 111,133 as of 2010. These population sometimes speaks Kamayo dialect but the
majority of them prefers Cebuano dialect.
Bislig City is bounded by the municipality of Hinatuan on the north; municipality of Tagbina on the northwest; Pacific
Ocean on the Northeast; municipality of Lingig on the southeast; and the province of Aurora del Sur on the southwest.
Business Opportunity
Bislig has the potential to become the center not only of heavy industries but also small and medium scale factories. It’s
surrounding agricultural and forest areas, not to mention its fishing grounds, can provide raw materials for various
industries especially food processing, furniture, and construction materials. Bislig can become a tourist haven if its
tourism potential is developed.
Festivals and Celebrations
Karawasan Festival – this is celebrated as part of the Charter Day Celebration of the city. Karawasan is a fetival of ethnic
dances depicting the movement of crabs.
Tourist Spots
 Bislig’s main tourist attraction is the Tinuy-an Falls, known as the “Niagara Falls” of the Philippines. It is a white water
curtain that flows in three levels about 55 meters high. Its critically acclaimed majestic and unique natural formation
was once appeared in the International Travel Magazine. It is also known as the widest waterfalls in the Philippines.
 Other known tourist attractions include the white-sand beaches of Hagonoy Island; the Lawigan Beach which faces and
considered as part of Pacific Ocean; the underground river of the educational Delot and Hinayagan Cave; the Togonan
Cold Spring which is a 30-minute ride from the city proper; the wild sanctuary of the Forester’s Park; the wide range
water of the Mone River or the man-made Lake 77 which offers a boat ride tour and a floating cottage for picnic and
fishing; the Kamayo Heritage Park; the Florland Highland Resort at Brgy. San Vicente; the Ocean View Park;
International Doll House; and the City Baywalk Park.
Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
History
 Before Tandag became a bustling city, it was first inhabited by the Manobos and the Mamanwas who lived along the
river banks under the leadership of their chieftain, Suba. When the Spaniards introduced Christianity, Suba and his
people were converted. After Legaspi’s final conquest to the Philippines particularly on 1609, the Spanish government
sent missionaries to subdue the hostile natives. One of these missionaries was Fr. dela Vega who erected a stone fort and
built a small settlement about a size of a football field enclosed by a stone wall. Out of this settlement rose the town of
Tandag, which later on became a center of faith.
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 By 1650, Tandag became the capital town of Surigao of Caraga, then a district that covered the present provinces of
Agusan, the two Surigaos and a part of Davao. As center of faith and capital town, Tandag was fortified with cottas
which were erected sometime in the 18th century, within the northern part of the town and near the old cemetary at the
western side. These fortifications served as a protection against the attacks of the Moro pirates. However, Tandag still
didn’t escape the attacks of these pirates where the town was almost destroyed.
 It was through the Republic Act 2786, an act that created Surigao del Sur and whose salient measure made Tandag the
capital and seat of the provincial government of Surigao del Sur. On June 23, 2007, Tandag became a city by virtue of
RA 9293.
Population/ Language/ Area
As of 2010, Tandag reached the total population of 52,114.
The municipality of Tandag is located between the coordinates of 9.0833° N, 126.2000° E. It is bounded on the North by
the municipalities of Cortes and Lanuza, on the West and South by the municipality of Tago, and, on the East by the
Pacific Ocean. It consists of twenty-one (21) barangays. Six of which are urban barangays, five are coastal barangays,
four are built-up expansion and six are hinterland barangays. The urban barangays comprise 1,594.10 hectares; 3,464.61
hectares for coastal barangays; 2,233.15 hectares for built-up expansion barangays and 4,964.34 hectares for Hinterland
barangays.
Products and Services
Farming and fishing are the main economic activity for most of the people in Tandag. Chief farm products are rice, corn,
coconut, abaca, and cacao. Livestock and poultry raising are also important sources of income.
Business Opportunity
Even though Tandag has a smal population, it still offers great investment opportunities in medium-sized commercial
complexes, hotels, resorts and amusement parks, food establishments, food processing, fish canning and deboning,
clothing and fashion accessories, and demonstration farms.
Tourist Spots
Tandag Boulevard – is best visited at night due to its clorful lamp posts, windy air and various stalls that offer Filipino
street foods like fish balls, kwek-kwek, pork barbeque, isaw and lot more.
Mabua Beach – is the main beach in the city where plenty of locals flock to especially during the Summer because of its
accessibility.
Goldbar Restaurant – this restaurant faces the Pacific Ocean. Some of the restaurant’s best-sellers include Crispy Pata,
various seafood dishes like King Crab and Prawns and the classic Halo-Halo.
Festivals and Celebrations
Diwatahan Festival – an annual event every 3rd Sunday of January in honor of Sr. Sto. Niño depicting the history.
Customs and traditions of Tandaganons performed through dances and rituals. Usually participated and supported by the
different sectores of Tandag City in celebration of peace, good health, prosperity and love.
Summer Kite Festival – is celebrated by the City Government of Tandag enhancing the artistic talent and creativity among
the teenagers through the making of fantastic designs of kite enjoying the sun, sand and sea during summer time.

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