Name: ___________________________ Student ID Number: _________________________

Section D
EXAM VERSION B
BioSci 93
Final Exam
KEY
December 12, 2012
1. Ensure that you are sitting at your assigned seat.

2. Record your Name, Student ID # and Seat # on each page of the exam
booklet. Keep your student ID out and visible. We will be checking during
the exam.

3. You must use pencils only; exams completed with pens will not be scored.
Bubble AND write in your student ID # on the scantron card.

4. Select the best answer for each question. Each question is worth 2 points except
question number 1, which is not worth any points but you will likely fail if you get it
wrong.

Acts of dishonesty during the examination will result in disqualification (score of 0

points) and a permanent letter added to your university transcript file.
 1. I am taking exam version
a. A
b. B

Use this representation to answer the following questions.

DNA template strand 5' ____________________________ 3'
DNA complementary strand 3' ____________________________ 5'
2. Given the locally unwound double strand above, in which direction does the RNA
polymerase move?
a. 5' → 3' along the template strand
b. 3' → 5' along the complementary strand
c. 3' → 5' along the template strand
d. 5' → 3' along the complementary strand
e. 5' → 3' along the double-stranded DNA

3. In the transcription event of the previous DNA, where would the promoter be located?
a. to the left of the sense strand
b. at the 3' end of the newly made RNA
c. to the left of the template strand
d. to the right of the sense strand
e. to the right of the template strand

4. Accuracy in the translation of mRNA into the primary structure of a polypeptide

depends on specificity in the:
a. binding of ribosomes to mRNA.
b. shape of the A and P sites of ribosomes.
c. bonding of the anticodon to the codon.
d. attachment of amino acids to tRNAs.
e. bonding of the anticodon to the codon and the attachment of amino acids to
tRNAs.

5. How many molecules of water are needed to hydrolyze a polymer that is 7 monomers
long?
a. 5
b. 6
c. 7
d. 8
e. 9

6. A karyotype can give you the following information, EXCEPT:

a. if the individual has sickle cell anemia
b. number of autosomes of the organism
c. information about nondisjunction events
d. sex of the organism
e. banding patterns of chromosomes
Use the following model of a eukaryotic transcript to answer the next question.
5' UTR E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 UTR 3'
7. Which components of the previous molecule will also be found in mRNA in the
cytosol?
a. 5' UTR I1 I2 I3 UTR 3'
b. 5' I1 I2 I3 3'
c. 5' UTR E1 E2 E3 E4 UTR 3'
d. 5' E1 E2 E3 E4 3'
e. 5' E1 I1 E2 I2 E3 I3 E4 3'

8. One statement below was particularly important to Mendel’s success in discovering

the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
a. Mendel chose pea plant characteristics such as purple flowers, yellow seeds,
and round seeds.
b. Mendel chose pea plant characteristics with codominance relationships.
c. Mendel chose pea plant characteristics where one gene has pleiotropic effects.
d. Mendel chose pea plant characteristics that he quantified in the F2 generation
e. Mendel chose pea plant characteristics in which environment affects flower color.

9. At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present

where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C
5' An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template.
Which of the following represents the primer sequence?
a. 3' G C C T A G G 5'
b. 5' A C G T T A G G 3'
c. 5' G C C U A G G 3'
d. 5' A C G U U A G G 3'
e. 5' G C C T A G G 3'

10. Which of the following help(s) to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being
replicated?
a. primase
b. ligase
c. DNA polymerase
d. single-strand binding proteins
e. exonuclease

11. In the cross PpRrYy X ppRryy, what fraction of the offspring will have purple flowers
and round, yellow seeds? P=dominant allele for purple, R=dominant allele for round,
Y=dominant allele for yellow, p=recessive allele for purple, r=recessive allele for
round, y=recessive allele for yellow
a. 3/16
b. 1/16
c. 1/2
d. 3/8
e. 3/4
12. Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule above?
a. ligase
b. transcriptase
c. a restriction enzyme
d. RNA polymerase
e. DNA polymerase

13. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome:
5' CCG-ACG 3' (mRNA). The anticodon loop of the first tRNA that will complement
this mRNA is:
a. 3' GGC 5'
b. 5' GGC 3'
c. 5' ACG 3'
d. 5' UGC 3'
e. 3' UGC 5'

14. The contraction of muscle sarcomeres is dependent on what cellular structures?

a. Microtubules and motor proteins
b. Actin filaments and microtubules
c. Actin filaments and ribosomes
d. Centrioles and motor proteins
e. Actin filaments and motor proteins

15. Genomic imprinting refers to the ___________________________________ where

as barr body formation refers to ______________________________.
a. silencing of almost all genes on x chromosome; silencing of one allele on x
chromosome
b. silencing of one allele of a certain gene; silencing of one allele on x chromosome
c. silencing of almost all genes on an autosome; silencing of one allele on x
chromosome
d. expression of one allele of a certain gene; silencing of one allele of a certain
gene
e. silencing of one allele of a certain gene; silencing of almost all genes on x
chromosome

16. A couple have one child and then three years later have a second child. The
probability of the first child being male is _______. The probability of the second child
being male is _________.
a. 50%, 25%
b. 25%, 75%
c. 50%, 50%
d. 75%, 25%
17. Which of the following statements is true about protein synthesis in prokaryotes?
a. Extensive RNA processing is required before prokaryotic transcripts can be
translated.
b. Translation can begin while transcription is still in progress.
c. Prokaryotic cells have complicated mechanisms for targeting proteins to the
appropriate cellular organelles.
d. Translation requires antibiotic activity.
e. Unlike eukaryotes, prokaryotes require no initiation or elongation factors.

18. What is the effect of a nonsense mutation in a gene?

a. It changes an amino acid in the encoded protein.
b. It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein.
c. It introduces a premature stop codon into the mRNA.
d. It alters the reading frame of the mRNA.
e. It prevents introns from being excised.

19. True or False: a genotypic ratio of 3:1 dictates a phenotypic ratio of 1:2:1.
a. True
b. False

20. Chemiosmosis in mitochondria is used to generate ATP by creating a high H+

concentration in the _________________, which ultimately yields ATP being
produced in the ________________.
a. intermembrane space; matrix
b. matrix; chloroplast
c. stroma; intermembrane space
d. intermembrane space; stroma
e. mitochondrion; thylakoid space

21. In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy"
nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N. Which of the
results in the figure above would be expected after one round of DNA replication in
the presence of 14N?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. E
22. What is the function of the release factor (RF)?
a. It separates tRNA in the A site from the growing polypeptide.
b. It binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of a tRNA.
c. It releases the amino acid from its tRNA to allow the amino acid to form a peptide
bond.
d. It supplies a source of energy for termination of translation.
e. It releases the ribosome from the ER to allow polypeptides into the cytosol

23. The enzyme telomerase solves the problem of replication at the ends of linear
chromosomes by which method?
a. adding a single 5' cap structure that resists degradation by nucleases
b. causing specific double-strand DNA breaks that result in blunt ends on both
strands
c. causing linear ends of the newly replicated DNA to circularize
d. adding numerous short DNA sequences such as TTAGGG
e. adding numerous GC pairs which resist hydrolysis and maintain chromosome
integrity

24. Cells of endocrine glands make and secrete large amounts of hormones. You would
expect that they would have more of this type of organelle, known to be involved in
the synthesis of oils, phospholipids and steroids:
a. Lysosome
b. Chloroplast
c. Mitochondrion
d. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
e. Peroxisome

25. Cytosine makes up 32% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.
Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?
a. 18%
b. 16%
c. 32%
d. 42%
e. It cannot be determined from the information provided.

26. Anne was given a pet fish for her birthday, but she doesn’t know if it was a freshwater
or a saltwater fish. She decides to test the water in the bowl the fish came in by
submerging a piece of celery. An hour later the celery is super firm. What has she
learned?
a. The celery was hypotonic to the solution, so the fish is a saltwater fish.
b. The celery was hypertonic to the solution, so the fish is a freshwater fish.
c. The celery was hypotonic to the solution, so the fish is a freshwater fish.
d. The celery was hypertonic to the solution so the fish is a saltwater fish.
27. What is the function of DNA polymerase III?
a. to unwind the DNA helix during replication
b. to seal together the broken ends of DNA strands
c. to add nucleotides to the 3' end of a growing DNA strand
d. to degrade damaged DNA molecules
e. to rejoin the two DNA strands (one new and one old) after replication

28. You fill an ice cube tray with water and put it in the freezer. What is happening while
the water turns to ice?
a. Molecular collisions in the ice tray water are increasing
b. Evaporation of the water is increasing
c. Covalent bonds in water molecules are moving farther apart
d. The movement of water molecules is slowing down
e. The density of the water is increasing

29. If nondisjunction occurs in Meiosis I for chromosome ‘n’, what would the haploid cells
look like?
a. n+1, n+1, n, n
b. n+1, n+1, n-1, n-1
c. n-1, n-1, n, n
d. n+1, n-1, n, n
e. all haploid cells are normal: n, n, n, n

30. In the structural organization of many eukaryotic genes, individual exons may be
related to which of the following?
a. the sequence of the intron that immediately precedes each exon
b. the number of polypeptides making up the functional protein
c. the various domains of the polypeptide product
d. the number of restriction enzyme cutting sites
e. the number of start sites for transcription

31. Which of the following would you expect of a eukaryote lacking telomerase?
a. a high probability of somatic cells becoming cancerous
b. production of Okazaki fragments
c. inability to repair thymine dimers
d. a reduction in chromosome length in gametes
e. high sensitivity to sunlight

32. Neural transmission across a mammalian synaptic gap is accomplished by:

a. the movement of sodium and potassium ions from the presynaptic neuron into
the postsynaptic neuron.
b. impulses traveling as electrical currents across the gap.
c. impulses causing the release of a chemical signal and its diffusion across the
gap.
d. impulses ricocheting back and forth across the gap.
e. the movement of calcium ions from the presynaptic into the postsynaptic neuron.
33. What is the function of topoisomerase?
a. relieving strain in the DNA ahead of the replication fork
b. elongating new DNA at a replication fork by adding nucleotides to the existing
chain
c. adding methyl groups to bases of DNA
d. unwinding of the double helix
e. stabilizing single-stranded DNA at the replication fork

34. Assume that you are trying to insert a gene into a plasmid. Someone gives you a
preparation of genomic DNA that has been cut with restriction enzyme X. The gene
you wish to insert has sites on both ends for cutting by restriction enzyme Y. You
have a plasmid with a single site for Y, but not for X. Your strategy should be to:
a. insert the fragments cut with restriction enzyme X directly into the plasmid
without cutting the plasmid.
b. cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and insert the fragments cut with
restriction enzyme Y into the plasmid.
c. cut the DNA again with restriction enzyme Y and insert these fragments into the
plasmid cut with the same enzyme.
d. cut the plasmid twice with restriction enzyme Y and ligate the two fragments onto
the ends of the DNA fragments cut with restriction enzyme X.
e. cut the plasmid with restriction enzyme X and then insert the gene into the
plasmid.

35. A protein is being made that is destined to be secreted by a cell. What is the order of
the pathway this protein will travel as it is being synthesized?
a. ER, Golgi, nucleus
b. Golgi, ER, lysosome
c. Nucleus, ER, cytoplasm
d. ER, Golgi, vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane
e. ER, lysosomes, vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane

36. Which answer below contributes most to genetic variability?

a. codominance relationships
b. cell division
c. chromosome separation at metaphase II
d. crossing over
e. cell cycle inhibition

37. After the depolarization phase of an action potential, the resting potential is restored
by:
a. the opening of sodium activation gates.
b. the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels and the closing of sodium
channels.
c. a decrease in the membrane's permeability to potassium and chloride ions.
d. a brief inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump.
e. the opening of more voltage-gated sodium channels.
38. Why do chromosomes condense during mitosis:
a. to increase their potential energy
b. to provide haploid cell formation
c. to allow chromosomes to move without breaking
d. to allow chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelope

39. The nucleus and most of the organelles in a neuron are located in the:
a. dendritic region.
b. axon hillock.
c. axon.
d. cell body.
e. axon terminals.

40. Which of the following can be determined directly from X-ray diffraction photographs
of crystallized DNA?
a. the diameter of the helix
b. the rate of replication
c. the sequence of nucleotides
d. the bond angles of the subunits
e. the frequency of A vs. T nucleotides

41. When does independent assortment NOT hold true for two genes?
a. when two genes are close together on the same chromosome
b. when two genes are far apart on the same chromosome
c. when two genes are on different autosomes
d. when two genes are on different sex chromosomes

42. If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to:
a. be replicating nearly continuously.
b. be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis.
c. have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription.
d. be very actively transcribed and translated.
e. induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it.

43. A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA. The anticodon on
the tRNA that binds the mRNA codon is:
a. TTT.
b. UUA.
c. UUU.
d. AAA

44. Why do histones bind tightly to DNA?

a. Histones are positively charged, and DNA is negatively charged.
b. Histones are negatively charged, and DNA is positively charged.
c. Both histones and DNA are strongly hydrophobic.
d. Histones are covalently linked to the DNA.
e. Histones are highly hydrophobic, and DNA is hydrophilic.
The following questions refer to this table of codons.

45. A peptide has the sequence NH2-gly-tyr-phe-pro-thr-phe-asp-COOH. Which of the

following sequences in the coding strand of the DNA could code for this peptide?
a. 3' UUU-CCC-AAA-GGG-UUU-CCC
b. 5' GGG-AAA-TTT-AAA-CCC-ACT-GGG
c. 3' AUG-AAA-GGG-TTT-CCC-AAA-GGG
d. 5' GGG-TAC-TTT-CCC-ACT-TTT-GAC
e. 5' ACT-TAC-CAT-AAA-CAT-TAC-UGA

46. A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for
the polypeptide sequence leu-pro-ser-ala would be:
a. 5' TTG-CTA-CAG-TAG 3'.
b. 3' AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA 5'.
c. 3' AAC-GGG-AGC-CGC 5'.
d. 3' AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA 5'.
e. 5' AUG-CTG-CAG-TAT 3'.
 47. What type of bonding is responsible for maintaining the shape of the tRNA molecule?
a. covalent bonding between sulfur atoms
b. ionic bonding between phosphates
c. hydrogen bonding between base pairs
d. van der Waals interactions between hydrogen atoms
e. peptide bonding between amino acids

48. Morgan hypothesized that the eye color gene in Drosophila is located on the X
chromosome because of the unique inheritance pattern observed in males. If a white
eyed female was crossed to a red-eyed male, what would the offspring look like?
a. no white eyed females; all white eyed males
b. ½ of females would have white eyes; no males would have white eyes
c. no white eyed females; ½ of males would have white eyes
d. ½ of females would have white eyes; ½ of males would have white eyes
e. all off spring regardless of sex will have white eyes

49. Which of the following investigators was/were responsible for discovering that in DNA
from any species, the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine, and the
amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine:
a. Frederick Griffith
b. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
c. Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod
d. Erwin Chargaff
e. Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

50. The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves:

a. sodium and potassium ions into the cell.
b. sodium and potassium ions out of the cell.
c. sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell.
d. sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell.
e. sodium and potassium ions into the mitochondria.

51. What type of inheritance is characterized by one gene affecting more than one
phenotypic character?
a. recessive inheritance
b. epistasis
c. codominance
d. pleiotropy
e. incomplete dominance

REMEMBER TO WRITE AND BUBBLE IN YOUR STUDENT ID NUMBER ON YOUR

SCANTRON!