Assingment No : 1

Topic
● GPS technology
● Radio telemetry
● Ariel technology
● Map technology
Submitted by ;
Muhammad Noman Ashraf

Submiitted to
Professor Azeem Tariq

University of central Punjab

Sahiwal campus
 GPS technique
The word GPS means Global Positioning System (GPS).

Which provides users with positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) service .

The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.

This system consists of four segments: the space segment, the control segment, and the user
segment.

Segments of GPS:

● Space segment
● Control segment
● User segment
● Ground segment

Space segment:
● The satellites in the GPS constellation are arranged into six equally-spaced orbital planes
surrounding the Earth.
● Each plane contains four "slots" occupied by baseline satellites. This 24-slot arrangement
ensures users can view at least four satellites from virtually any point on the planet.
● The Air Force normally flies more than 24 GPS satellites to maintain coverage whenever
the baseline satellites are serviced or decommissioned.
● The extra satellites may increase GPS performance but are not considered part of the core
constellation.
● The Space Segment, which includes the constellation of GPS satellites, which
● transmit the signals to the user.

Control segment:
● The Control Segment, which is responsible for the monitoring and operation of the
● Space Segment.
● GPS control segment consists of a global network of ground facilities that track the GPS
satellites, monitor their transmissions, perform analyses, and send commands and data to
the constellation.
● The current Operational Control Segment (OCS) includes a master control station, an
alternate master control station, 11 command and control antennas, and 16 monitoring sites.
The locations of these facilities are shown in the map above.
User segment: User Segment, which includes user hardware and processing software for
positioning, navigation, and timing applications.

Ground segment: which includes civilian tracking networks that provide the User Segment
with reference control, precise ephemerides, and real time services (DGPS) which mitigate the
effects of “ selective availability ”.

Role of GPS in wild life

GPS plays very important role in wild life. Role in the conservation of wild life by enabling
managers to track the movement of animals and figure out the information like population home
ranges and migration rate .
Now a days animals become less in numbers due to urbanization , industrialization and cutting of
trees means deforestation.
For example tracking collar is used to track cheetah.

SYSTEM DESIGN .
It consists of GPS modem, body temperature
sensor, PIC microcontroller, GSM.

GPS
Modem And
GSM
Modem
GSM stands for global system for mobile communication, it is same as mobile to use sim card.

GPS stands for Global Positioning System. To accurately find out the geographical on the earth
by receiving information from the GPS satellites, a GPS navigation device is used. It is being used
in automobiles and Smartphone. It is satellite based navigation system consisting of 24 satellites
placed into orbit by U. S. Department of Defence (DOD) .
Initially GPS was invented for military applications only .But in 1980’s U. S. Government decided
to allow GPS to be used by civilians. GPS receiver will receive string of data from GPS satellites
and sends this data serially using RS232 protocol to the microcontroller.

Microcontroller on the other hand extracts latitude and longitude information from the string. GPS
receiver receives data in the form of GPGGA sentence.
The data is extracted as follows.
Example:
$GPRMC, 132455.970, A, 2651.0145, N, 07547.7051, E, 0.50, 342.76, 301010,,,A*64
Where,
RMC – Recommended Minimum Sentence C 132455.970 – fix taken at 13:24:55.970 UTC A –
Status, A=Active or V=Void 2651.0145, N – Latitude 26 degree 61.0145’ N 07547.7051, E
Longitude 075 degree 47.7051’E 301010 – 30th Oct 2010 *64 – checksum data always begin
with *

GPS MODEM

GSM MODEM

Radio Tracking OR Radio Telemetry

Radio telemetry is the device used to recording and transmitting of information from an instrument
refers to attach radio transmitter to an

The device is used to track or identify the animals or wildlife .You will begin locating animals.
Once you have found the animal you recorded various data related to this animal. Such as
composition , behavior , GPS location and association .
Radio transmitters used to be fairly large and were only used on larger animals, but improvements
in technology have allowed scientists to create much smaller transmitters that can be attached to
small animals. They even make transmitters that can be swallowed by an animal or placed under
an animal's skin!

Radio tracking also describes the exact location of animals and also determine what animal do now
that time .

Types of Radio Tracking

There are three types of radio tracking which are following given below:

● VHF Radio Tracking

● Satellite Tracking
● Global Positioning System (GPS) Tracking

VHF Radio tracking

Scientists have been using VHF radio tracking since 1963. In order to use VHF radio tracking, a
radio transmitter is placed on the animal. Usually, the animal is first sedated. While the animal is
asleep, the scientists gather information about the health and condition of the animal.

Once the radio transmitter is placed on the animal, it begins transmitting a signal to a radio antenna
and receiver. In order to locate an animal using VHF radio tracking, scientists must be close enough
to the animal with the radio antenna so they can pick up the signal from the radio transmitter on
the animal. It works just like radio car

Satellite tracking
It is similar as VHF radio tracking but in this instead of radio signal sent to radio receiver signal
sent to satellite.

In this scientist animal by using the computer. They track animals nearly or far from them.

For example ; This loggerhead turtle is heading out to sea, but scientists will be able to track its
movements using the signal the transmitter on its back sends to a satellite. It a lot easier tracking a
loggerhead this way than by swimming after it!

GPS tracking
is the newest technology being used to track wildlife. In GPS tracking, a radio receiver, not a
transmitter, is placed on the animal. The radio receiver picks up signals from special satellites. The
receiver has a computer that then calculates the location and movement of the animal. The data
gathered by the receiver is then sent to another set of satellites. The second set of satellites then
sends the data to the scientists.

This is only use to track larger animal not small the reason is that small animal are smaller to attach
devices like birds.

Aerial Tracking
It is tracking of animals by using unmanned aerial vehicle.

By the use of cameras like drone by capture pictures to moniter and individual or an animal .

Map technique
Wild animal can be tracked by using google map using internet.
I It is possible to locate exact geographical position of animal with the help of Google map.When
latitude and longitude information is known, after entering this information on the Google map we
can locate it by using internet