2-Stage D - Part 2 - Structural Design Report - FX Rev1

N A T I O N A L L I B R A R Y O F T I M O R L E S T E
STAGE – D PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
PART 2 – BUILDING WORK PACKAGE
STRUCTURE DESIGN REPORT
Doc. No.: 2533-D2-SDR-001

Rev. A
November, 2016
Prepared by :
PT BITA ENARCON ENGINEERING

Engineers • Architects • Consultant
ENI JDPA 06-105 Pty Ltd Project No. : 10-2533
Building/Architectural Specialist Function Rev. : C
Date : February 2016
Page : i
STAGE D - PROJECT DEVELOPMENT REPORT - STRUCTURE
LIST OF CONTENTS
LIST OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................... I
LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ III
LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................V
1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 1
2 DESIGN DATA ................................................................................................................................. 2
2.1 Structure Materials and Standards ........................................................................................... 2
2.2 Codes and Standards ............................................................................................................... 2
2.3 Loads ........................................................................................................................................ 2
2.4 Irregular and Regular Classification (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.2) ......................................... 19
2.5 Limitations and Additional Requirements for Systems with Structural Irregularities (ASCE 7-
10 Section 12.3.3)........................................................................................................................... 21
2.6 Irregularity Design Data .......................................................................................................... 23
2.7 Redundancy (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.4) .............................................................................. 36
2.8 Load Combination .................................................................................................................. 37
3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (ACI 318M-11) .............................................................................. 40
3.1 Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5) ............................... 40
3.2 Special Moment Frame Member Subjected to Bending and Axial Load (ACI 318M-11 CH
21.6) ................................................................................................................................................ 43
3.3 Joints of Special Moment Frames (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.7) ................................................... 48
4 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PROGRAM .......................................................................................... 53
5 PROGRAM ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 54
5.1 Structural Modeling................................................................................................................. 54
5.2 Material and Load Input .......................................................................................................... 56
5.3 Review Terms of Dynamic Analysis ....................................................................................... 69
5.4 Check of PMM Ratio............................................................................................................... 74
5.5 Story Drift ................................................................................................................................ 82
6 BEAM DESIGN .............................................................................................................................. 85
6.1 Beam Reinforcement Calculation ........................................................................................... 85
6.2 Check of Displacement ........................................................................................................ 106
7 COLUMN DESIGN ....................................................................................................................... 108
7.1 Column C1 1200x800 (Interior) ............................................................................................ 108
7.2 Column Design Summary .................................................................................................... 125
8 SLAB DESIGN ............................................................................................................................. 131
8.1 Slab S1, t = 150 mm ............................................................................................................. 131
8.2 Slab S2A, t = 120 mm .......................................................................................................... 134
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8.3 Slab S2B, t = 120 mm .......................................................................................................... 139

9 FOUNDATION DESIGN ............................................................................................................... 144
9.1 Data Availability .................................................................................................................... 144
9.2 Axial and Tension Bearing Capacity .................................................................................... 145
9.3 Bearing Capacity Calculation Based on Reese and Wright Method .................................... 146
9.4 Group Pile Efficiency ............................................................................................................ 147
9.5 Calculation of Pile Group Load Distribution ......................................................................... 149
9.6 Pile Group and Slab Settlements ......................................................................................... 154
9.7 Borepile Design .................................................................................................................... 158

Page : iii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1. Location of Library Building .................................................................................................. 1

Figure 2-1 Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) Brochure ......................................................................... 3
Figure 2-2 Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) + Mortar & Plaster Illustration ......................................... 3
Figure 2-3 Laminated Safety Glass Specification (ASAHIMAS Architectural Glass Brochure and
Specification) ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 2-4 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Gable, Hip Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1) ......... 10
Figure 2-5 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Monoslope Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1) ......... 10
Figure 2-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Mansard Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1) ............ 11
Figure 2-7 Bore hole location ................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 2-8. Indonesian Seismic Zones - Ss (SNI 1726:2012 Figure 9) ................................................. 14
Figure 2-9. Indonesian Seismic Zones – S1 (SNI 1726:2012 Figure 10) ............................................. 15
Figure 2-10. Response Spectrum Design (ASCE 7-10 Fig.11.4-1) ...................................................... 16
Figure 2-11. Specific Response Spectrum for this site ......................................................................... 16
Figure 3-1. dimension provision of flexural member ............................................................................. 40
Figure 3-2. Reinforcement Requirements for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames ............. 41
Figure 3-3. Flexural Combination and Minimum Flexural Strength Requirements ............................... 41
Figure 3-4. Transverse Reinforcements for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames ................ 42
Figure 3-5. Splices and Hoop Reinforcement for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames ....... 42
Figure 3-6. Shear Combinations for Gravitation and Seismic Load...................................................... 43
Figure 3-7. Column Geometry Requirement ......................................................................................... 44
Figure 3-8. “Strong Column-Weak Beam” Frame Requirements for Special Moment Frames ............ 44
Figure 3-9. Typical Lap Splice Details of Columns in Special Moment Frames ................................... 45
Figure 3-10. Confinement Requirements at Column End ..................................................................... 46
Figure 3-11. Transverse Reinforcement in Column .............................................................................. 47
Figure 3-12. Columns Supporting Discontinued Stiff Members ............................................................ 47
Figure 3-13. Loading Cases for Design of Shear Reinforcement in Columns of Special Moment
Frames .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Figure 3-14. Design Shear Forces for Column ..................................................................................... 48
Figure 3-15. Significant Shear Force at Joint........................................................................................ 49
Figure 3-16. Types of Joints of Special Moment................................................................................... 49
Figure 3-17. Free Body of Joint of Special Moment Frames ................................................................ 50
Figure 3-18. Vu design at Joint .............................................................................................................. 50
Figure 3-19. Confined Beam Dimension Requirement ......................................................................... 51
Figure 3-20. Effective Joint Area ........................................................................................................... 51
Figure 3-21. 90-degree hook standard ................................................................................................. 51
Figure 5-1. Display of 3 Dimensional Model of Library Building ........................................................... 54
Figure 5-2. Display Typical Y – Z Axis Frame of Library Building......................................................... 54
Figure 5-3. Display Typical X – Z Axis Frame of Library Building......................................................... 55
Figure 5-4. Display of 3 Dimensional Model of Library Drop Off Building ............................................ 55
Figure 5-5. Display Typical Y – Z Axis Frame of Library Room Building .............................................. 55
Figure 5-6. Display Typical X – Z Axis Frame of Library Roof Building ................................................ 56
Figure 5-7. Display of Material Input Library Building (Concrete f’c 25) [MPa] ..................................... 56
Figure 5-8. Display of Material Input Library Building (Concrete Fc’ 30) [MPa] .................................... 57
Figure 5-9. Display of Material Input for Library Building (Steel A-36) [MPa] ....................................... 57
Figure 5-10. Display Input Brick Load (SDL) at Library Building [kg; m] .............................................. 58
Figure 5-11. Display Input Glass Load (SDL) at Drop Off [kg; m]......................................................... 58
Figure 5-12. Display Input Live Roof at Frame of Drop Off [kg; m]....................................................... 60
Figure 5-13 Wind Load for Library Building (W x) [kg; m] ...................................................................... 65
Figure 5-14 Wind Load for Library Building (W y) [kg; m] ...................................................................... 66
Figure 5-15. Display Input Live Load for Library Building First Floor Area [kg; m] ............................... 66
Figure 5-16. Display Input Live Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m] .......................... 67
Figure 5-17. Display Input Live Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m]............................... 67
Figure 5-18. Display Input Live Roof Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m] ................. 68
Figure 5-19. Display Input Live Roof Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m] ...................... 68

Page : iv
Figure 5-20. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building First Floor Area [kg; m] ..... 68
Figure 5-21. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m] 69
Figure 5-22. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m] .... 69
Figure 5-23. Mode Shape 1 of Library Building, periode T = 0.6159 .................................................... 69
Figure 5-24. Mode Shape 2 of Library Building, period T = 0.4008 ...................................................... 70
Figure 5-25. Mode Shape 1 of Drop Off, period T = 0.8672 ................................................................. 70
Figure 5-26. Mode Shape 2 of Drop Off, period T = 0.7457 ................................................................. 70
Figure 5-27. Display of Concrete PMM Ratio of Library Building ......................................................... 74
Figure 5-28. Display of Concrete PMM Ratio of Drop Off ..................................................................... 75
Figure 5-29 Story Drift Determination (ASCE 7-10 Figure 12.8-2) ....................................................... 83
Figure 5-30 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load ........................................................................................ 84
st
Figure 6-1 Plan Section of 1 floor ........................................................................................................ 85
st
Figure 6-2 Section A of 1 Floor ........................................................................................................... 85
st
Figure 6-3 Section B for 1 Floor .......................................................................................................... 86
st
Figure 6-4 Member schedule of 1 Floor .............................................................................................. 86
Figure 6-5 B1A Moment 3-3 Diagram (kgf;m) ....................................................................................... 87
Figure 6-6 Tie Beam Schedule ........................................................................................................... 104
Figure 6-7 Beam Schedule ................................................................................................................. 104
Figure 6-8 Beam Schedule (cont.) ...................................................................................................... 105
Figure 6-9 Ring Beam Schedule ......................................................................................................... 105
Figure 6-10 Ring Beam Schedule (cont.) ............................................................................................ 106
Figure 6-11. Axial Diagram of Library Building ................................................................................... 106
Figure 7-1 Column C1 (1200x800) ..................................................................................................... 108
Figure 7-2 Column Schedule .............................................................................................................. 130
Figure 8-1 Slab Type S1 schedule ...................................................................................................... 143
Figure 8-2 Slab Type S2A & S2B Schedule ....................................................................................... 143
Figure 9-1. Soil Investigation Location ................................................................................................ 144
Figure 9-2. Soil Investigation Location ................................................................................................ 144
Figure 9-3. End Bearing Capacity Unit for Non Cohesive Soil (Reese & Right)................................. 146
Figure 9-4. Skin Friction Unit for Non Cohesive Soil (Reese & Right) ................................................ 146
Figure 9-5 Pile configuration ............................................................................................................... 148
Figure 9-6 Join Plan from ETABS ....................................................................................................... 149
Figure 9-7 Stress distribution at settlement of group pile ................................................................... 154
Figure 9-8. Plan Slab Dimention ......................................................................................................... 156
Figure 9-9. Bending Moment Graphic ................................................................................................. 159
Figure 9-10. Shear force graphic ........................................................................................................ 159
Figure 9-11. PCACOL result ............................................................................................................... 161
Figure 9-12. PCACOL graphic ............................................................................................................ 161

Page : v
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2-1 Wind Directionality Factor (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.6-1) ............................................................ 5
Table 2-2 Exposure Constants (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.9-1)..................................................................... 6
Table 2-3 Topographic Factor, Kzt .......................................................................................................... 7
Table 2-4 Walls & Roof Internal Pressure Coefficient, (GCp i) for Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and
Open Buildings ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Table 2-5 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kh and Kz ................................................................ 9
Table 2-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp ....................................................................................... 11
Table 2-7. Risk Category of Seismic Load (ASCE 7-10 Table 1.5-1) ................................................... 12
Table 2-8. Importance Factor (ASCE 7-10 Table 1.5-2) ....................................................................... 13
Table 2-9. Site Classification (ASCE 7-10 Table 20.3-1)...................................................................... 13
Table 2-10. Site Coefficient, Fa (ASCE 7-10 Table 11.4-1) .................................................................. 14
Table 2-11. Site Coefficient, Fv (ASCE 7-10 Table 11.4-2) .................................................................. 14
Table 2-12. Seismic Design Category Based on Short Period Response Acceleration Parameter
(ASCE 7-10 Table 11.6-1)..................................................................................................................... 17
Table 2-13. Seismic Design Category Based on 1-s Period Response Acceleration Parameter (ASCE
7-10 Table 11.6-2) ................................................................................................................................. 17
Table 2-14. Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems (ASCE 7-10 Table
12.2-1) ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Table 2-15 Horizontal Structural Irregularities ...................................................................................... 20
Table 2-16 Vertical Structural Irregularities ........................................................................................... 21
Table 2-17 Requirements for Each Story Resisting More than 35% of the Base Shear ...................... 37
Table 5-1. Frame Load (SDL) of Library Modeling ............................................................................... 57
Table 5-2. Modal Participating Mass Ratios ......................................................................................... 71
Table 5-3. Column PMM Ratio Summary of Library Building ............................................................... 75
Table 5-4. Load Combination for Column PMM Ratio Design (LRFD) ................................................. 75
Table 5-5. Load Combination for Column PMM Ratio Design (ASD) ................................................... 78
Table 5-6 Allowable Story Drift, Δa (ASCE 7-10 Table 12.12-1)........................................................ 83
a,b
Table 5-7 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load............................................................................................ 84

Table 5-8 Story Drift Due to Wind Load ................................................................................................ 84
Table 6-1 Beam Reinforcement Calculation Summary....................................................................... 103
Table 6-2 Beam Displacement for Library Building (Beam 700x1300) ............................................... 107
Table 6-3. Beam Displacement of Library Building ............................................................................. 107
Table 6-4. Beam Displacement of Drop Off ........................................................................................ 107
Table 7-1 Column Design Summary ................................................................................................... 125
Table 9-1 Joint Reaction From ETABS ............................................................................................... 150
Table 9-2. OCR Calculation ................................................................................................................ 155
Table 9-3 Pile Group Settlement ......................................................................................................... 155
Table 9-4 Slab Settlement................................................................................................................... 157

Page : 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
This report presents structural design calculation of Library Building for National Library Timor-Leste.
In general, based on ASCE 7-10, the structural design concept adopted is Life Safety Concept. Based
on this concept, when a major earthquake occurs in accordance with the earthquake zone, the
damage to the structure plan may occur as a form of seismic energy dissipation structure absorbed.
However, the building must not collapse and the maximum is in the Life Safety performance level.
In this concept, when major earthquakes occur according to plan, the earthquake damage to the
structure may occur, but the building should not collapse to allow evacuation to proceed. Design of
structures will use SMF (Special Moment Frame) with system that uses portal as structural elements
to withstand earthquakes. With the development of these designs, building plans become more
efficient but still consider the level of adequate safety.
The summary of the mentioned building is as follow:

• Name of the building : Library Building
• Size : 112.5 x 45 m
• Height : approx. 19.2 m
• Building Area
2
: approx. 5064.5 m
Figure 1-1. Location of Library Building
Please replace the Figure1-1 with the attached Figure. The attached Figure shows
the actual Project Site and its surroundings.

Page : 2
2 DESIGN DATA
2.1 Structure Materials and Standards
Materials shall meet the requirement of the specification, the codes and standards listed in below shall
be used.
The materials other than specified below such as coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, brick, concrete
block, architectural finish materials, etc shall meet with specification.
a. Concrete
Quality of concrete that used on structural building design for structure elements are:
• Beam and Slab : 25 MPa (cylinder test) or equal with K-300 (Cube test) or
ASTM Grade 3600
• Column, Pile Cap and Bore Pile : 30 MPa (cylinder test) or equal with K-350 (Cube test) or
ASTM Grade 4300
b. Steel Reinforcement
Steel reinforcement that used on structural building design is steel with specification as follows:
• Yield Stress (Fy) : 400 MPa according to JIS G3112
• Modulus Young (Es) : 200000 MPa
c. Structural Steel : JIS G3192 or ASTM A36/A36M or equal.

d. Bolt
• High Strength Bolt : JIS B 1186 F10T or ASTM A325, or equal
• Common Strength Bolt : JIS B 1180 F10T or ASTM A307, or equal
• Anchor Bolt : JIS G3101 SS400 or ASTM A325, or equal
2.2 Codes and Standards
In principle, the following codes and standards will be applied.

a. Indonesia National Standard – Design Method of Earthquake Resistance for Buildings (SNI 03-
1726-2012)
b. Infrastructure Requirements for National Library of Timor-Leste
c. American Concrete Institute – Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318M-
02)
d. American Standards for Civil Engineer – Minimum Design Load for Building and Other Structure
(ASCE/SEI 7-10)
e. International Building Code (IBC 2006)
f. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC 2011)
g. American Welding Society (AWS)
2.3 Loads
The structure analysis and design for strength, stability and serviceability will take account of relevant
and appropriate action effects directly arising from the following loads:
2.3.1 Dead Load (DL)

Self-weight of dead load will be calculated by software. The unit weights of materials and construction
are:
• Reinforced concrete
3
: 2400 kg/m
• Steel structure
3
: 7850 kg/m

Page : 3
2.3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)

The superimposed dead load that applied to structure model is based on tributary area method:
Ground, first, second and roof floor:
• Floor finishing & Ceiling (ASCE 7-10 Table C3-1 ~ C3-2 ) :
• Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 25-mm mortar bed = 23 psf = 112.29 kg/m ≈120 kg/m
2 2
• Gypsum board 9mm = 1.55 psf = 7.56 kg/m

2
• Mechanical duct allowance = 4 psf = 19.52 kg/m

2
• Candi stone (20 mm) = 39 kg/m

2
Total weight of floor finishing:
• Ground floor = Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 25-mm mortar bed = 112.29 kg/m ≈
2
2
120kg/m
• First, second floor and roof floor (indoor area) = Ceramic or quarry tile (19 mm) on 25-mm
mortar bed + Gypsum board 9mm + Mechanical duct allowance = 139.37 kg/m ≈ 140 kg/m
2 2
• Second floor roof = Gypsum board 9mm + Mechanical duct allowance = 27.08 ≈ 30 kg/m
2
• Roof floor (outdoor area)= Gypsum board 9mm + Mechanical duct allowance + Candi Stone
= 57.08 kg/m ≈ 60 kg/m
2 2
Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) + Mortar & Plaster :
Figure 2-1 Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) Brochure
Figure 2-2 Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) + Mortar & Plaster Illustration

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Lightweight brick area weight is determined by the equation below:

• Weight = 989 kg
• Volume
3
= 1680 m
• Density = weight / volume
3
= 989 / 1680 = 588.69 kg/m
• Thickness = 125 mm
= 0.125 m
• Area Weight = density x thickness
= 588.69 x 0.125
2
= 73.59 kg/m
≈ 75 kg/m
2
Mortar & Plaster weight is determined by the equation below:
• Density
3
= 130 lb/ft (ASCE 7-10 Table C3-2)
3
= 2082.4 kg/m
• Thickness = 26 mm
= 0.026 m
• Area Weight = density x thickness
= 2082.4 x 0.026
2
= 54.142 kg/m
≈ 55 kg/m
2
2 2 2
Total weight of lightweight brick with mortar and plaster = 75 kg/m + 55 kg/m = 130 kg/m
• Weight of glass for drop off area: 40 kg/m

2
Figure 2-3 Laminated Safety Glass Specification (ASAHIMAS Architectural Glass Brochure and
Specification)
2.3.3 Live Load (L)

The live load that applied to structure modeling is (taken from Infrastructure Requirements for National
Library of Timor-Leste):
Ground, first and second floor:
• Floor
2
: 600 kg/m
• Shelving
2
: 750 kg/m
Roof floor
• Roof area (ASCE 7-10 Table 4-1)
2
: 100 kg/m
2.3.4 Wind Load (W)

Below are wind loads requirements using ASCE 7 -10 (Chapter 26 & 27) for Library Building and drop
off at Library building and sign structure:
a) Basic Wind Speed (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.5.1)
The basic wind speed, V, used in the determination of design wind loads on buildings and other
structures is taken from the assumption. The basic wind speed value is 33 m/s.

Page : 5
b) Wind Directionality (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.6)
The wind directionality factor, Kd, shall be determined from Table 2-1. This directionality factor
shall only be included in determining wind loads when the load combinations specified in ASCE
7-10 section 2.4 are used for the design. The Library Building categorized as Building with Main
Wind Force Resisting System, hence Kd = 0.85.
Table 2-1 Wind Directionality Factor (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.6-1)
c) Exposure (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7)
For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure shall be based on ground surface
roughness that is determined from natural topography, vegetation, and constructed facilities.
d) Wind Direction and Sectors (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.1)
For each selected wind direction at which the wind loads are to be determined, the exposure of
the building or structure shall be determined for the two upwind sectors extending 45º either side
of the selected wind direction. The exposure in these two sectors shall be determined in
accordance with section 2.3.4(e) and 2.3.4(f), and the exposure whose use would result in the
highest wind loads shall be used to represent the winds from that direction.
e) Surface Roughness Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.2)
A ground Surface Roughness within each 45° sector shall be determined for a distance upwind
of the site as defined in section 2.3.4(f) from the categories defined in the following text, for the
purpose of assigning an exposure category as defined in section 2.3.4(f).
Surface Roughness B: Urban and suburban areas wooded areas, or other terrain with numerous
closely spaced obstructions having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.

Page : 6
Surface Roughness C: Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less
than 30 ft (9.1 m). This category includes flat open country and grasslands.
Surface Roughness D: Flat, unobstructed areas and water surfaces. This category includes
smooth mud flats, salt flats, and unbroken ice.
f) Exposure Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.3)
For each wind direction considered, the upwind exposure shall be based on ground surface
roughness that is determined from natural topography, vegetation, and constructed facilities.
Exposure B : For buildings with a mean roof height of less than or equal to 30 ft (9.1 m),
Exposure B shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
Surface Roughness B, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than
1,500 ft (457 m). For buildings with a mean roof height greater than 30 ft (9.1 m),
Exposure B shall apply where Surface Roughness B prevails in the upwind
direction for a distance greater than 2,600 ft (792 m) or 20 times the height of the
building, whichever is greater.
Exposure C : Exposure C shall apply for all cases where Exposures B or D do not apply.
Exposure D: Exposure D shall apply where the ground surface roughness, as defined by
Surface Roughness D, prevails in the upwind direction for a distance greater than
5,000 ft (1,524 m) or 20 times the building height, whichever is greater. Exposure
D shall also apply where the ground surface roughness immediately upwind of the
site is B or C, and the site is within a distance of 600 ft (183 m) or 20 times the
building height, whichever is greater, from an Exposure D condition as defined in
the previous sentence. For a site located in the transition zone between exposure
categories, the category resulting in the largest wind forces shall be used.
Table 2-2 Exposure Constants (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.9-1)
g) Topographic Effects (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.8)
• Wind Speed-Up over Hills, Ridges, and Escarpments (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.8.1)
Wind speed-up effects at isolated hills, ridges, and escarpments constituting abrupt changes
in the general topography, located in any exposure category, shall be included in the design
when buildings and other site conditions and locations of structures meet all of the following
conditions:

Page : 7
1. The hill, ridge, or escarpment is isolated and unobstructed upwind by other similar
topographic features of comparable height for 100 times the height of the topographic
feature (100H) or 2 mi (3.22 km), whichever is less. This distance shall be measured
horizontally from the point at which the height H of the hill, ridge, or escarpment is
determined.
2. The hill, ridge, or escarpment protrudes above the height of upwind terrain features within
a 2-mi (3.22-km) radius in any quadrant by a factor of two or more.
3. The structure is located as shown in ASCE 7-10 Fig. 26.8-1 in the upper one-half of a hill
or ridge or near the crest of an escarpment.
4. H /Lh ≥ 0.2.
5. H is greater than or equal to 15 ft (4.5 m) for Exposure C and D and 60 ft (18 m) for
Exposure B.
• Topographic Factor (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.8.2)
The wind speed-up effect shall be included in the calculation of design wind loads by using
the factor Kzt:
2
Kzt = (1 + K1K2K3) ………………….…………………………………….……ASCE 7-10 Eq. 26.8-1
where K1, K2, and K3 are given in Table 2-3
If site conditions and locations of structures do not meet all the conditions specified in Section
2.3.4(g) then Kzt = 1.0.
Table 2-3 Topographic Factor, Kzt
h) Gust-Effect Factor (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.9)
The gust-effect factor for a rigid building or other structure is permitted to be taken as 0.85. To
determine whether a building or structure is rigid or flexible as defined in ASCE 7-10 Section
26.2, the fundamental natural frequency, n1, shall be established using the structural properties
and deformational characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis.
Low-Rise Buildings, as defined in ASCE 7-10 26.2, are permitted to be considered rigid.

Page : 8
i) Enclosure Classification (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.10)
For the purpose of determining internal pressure coefficients, all buildings shall be classified as
enclosed, partially enclosed, or open.
• Building Open
A building having each wall at least 80 percent open. This condition is expressed for each wall
by the equation Ao ≥ 0.8 Ag
where
2 2
Ao = total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure, in ft (m )
2 2
Ag = the gross area of that wall in which Ao is identified, in ft (m )
• Building, Partially Closed
A building that complies with both of the following conditions:

1. The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds the
sum of the areas of openings in the balance of the building envelope (walls and roof) by more
than 10 percent.
2
2. The total area of openings in a wall that receives positive external pressure exceeds 4 ft
2
(0.37 m ) or 1 percent of the area of that wall, whichever is smaller, and the percentage of
openings in the balance of the building envelope does not exceed 20 percent.
• Building Enclosed
A building that does not comply with the requirements for open or partially enclosed buildings.
j) Internal Pressure Coefficients (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.11)
Internal pressure coefficients, (GCpi), shall be determined from Table 2-4 based on building
enclosure classifications determined from Section 2.3.4(i).
Table 2-4 Walls & Roof Internal Pressure Coefficient, (GCp i) for Enclosed, Partially Enclosed, and
Open Buildings

Page : 9
k) Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (ASCE 7-10 Section 27.3.1)
Based on the exposure category determined in Section 2.3.4(f), a velocity pressure exposure
coefficient Kz or Kh, as applicable, shall be determined from Table 2-5 Velocity Pressure
Exposure Coefficient, Kh and Kz. For a site located in a transition zone between exposure
categories that is near to a change in ground surface roughness, intermediate values of Kz or Kh,
between those shown in Table 2-5 are permitted provided that they are determined by a rational
analysis method defined in the recognized literature.
Table 2-5 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kh and Kz
l) Velocity Pressure (ASCE 7-10 Section 27.3.2)
Velocity pressure, qz, evaluated at height z shall be calculated by the following equation:
2 2
qz = 0.613KzKztKdV (N/m )……………………………………………………(ASCE 7-10 Eq.27.3-1)
Where:
Kd = wind directionality factor, see Section 2.3.4 (b)
Kz = velocity pressure exposure coefficient, see Section 2.3.4 (k)
Kzt = topographic factor defined, see Section 2.3.4 (g)
V = basic wind speed, see Section 2.3.4 (a)
qz = velocity pressure calculated using ASCE 7-10 Eq. 27.3-1 at height z
qh = velocity pressure calculated using ASCE 7-10 Eq. 27.3-1 at mean roof height h.
The numerical coefficient 0.00256 (0.613 in SI) shall be used except where sufficient climatic data are
available to justify the selection of a different value of this coefficient for a design application.

Page : 10
m) Wind Loads on Enclosed and Partially Enclosed Rigid Building (ASCE 7-10 Section
27.4.1)
Design wind pressures for the MWFRS of buildings of all heights shall be determined by the
following equation:
2 2
p = qGCp – qi(GCpi) (lb/ft ) (N/m ) (27.4-1)
where:
q = qz for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground

q = qh for leeward walls, side walls, and roofs, evaluated at height h
qi = qh for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings and for
negative internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings
qi = qz for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings where height z
is defined as the level of the highest opening in the building that could affect the
positive internal pressure. For buildings sited in wind-borne debris regions, glazing that
is not impact resistant or protected with an impact resistant covering shall be treated as
an opening in accordance with ASCE 7-10 Section 26.10.3. For positive internal
pressure evaluation, qi may conservatively be evaluated at height h(qi = qh)
G = gust-effect factor, see Section 2.3.4 (h)
Cp = external pressure coefficient from Figs.27.4-1, 27.4-2 and 27.4-3
(GCpi) = internal pressure coefficient from Table 2-4 q and qi shall be evaluated using exposure
defined in Section 2.3.4 (f). Pressure shall be applied simultaneously on windward and
leeward walls and on roof surfaces as defined in Figs. 27.4-1, 27.4-2 and 27.4-3.
Figure 2-4 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Gable, Hip Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1)
Figure 2-5 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Monoslope Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1)

Page : 11
Figure 2-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp for Mansard Roof (ASCE 7-10 Figure 27.4-1)
Table 2-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp

Page : 12
n) Minimum Design Wind Loads (ASCE 7-10 Section 27.4.7)
The wind load to be used in the design of the MWFRS for an enclosed or partially enclosed
2 2
building shall not be less than 16 lb/ft (0.77 kN/m ) multiplied by the wall area of the building and
2 2
8 lb/ft (0.38 kN/m ) multiplied by the roof area of the building projected onto a vertical plane
normal to the assumed wind direction. Wall and roof loads shall be applied simultaneously. The
2 2
design wind force for open buildings shall be not less than 16 lb/ft (0.77 kN/m ) multiplied by the
area Af.
2.3.5 Seismic Load
This chapter presents criteria for the design and construction of buildings and other structures subject
to earthquake ground motions. The specified earthquake loads are based upon post-elastic energy
dissipation in the structure, and because of this fact, the requirements for design, detailing, and
construction shall be satisfied even for structures and members for which load combinations that do
not contain earthquake loads indicate larger demands than combinations that include earthquake
loads.
a) Determine of Risk Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 1.5.1)

Buildings and other structures shall be classified, based on the risk to human life, health, and
welfare associated with their damage or failure by nature of their occupancy or use according to
Table 3 for the purposes of earthquake provisions. Each building or other structure shall be
assigned to the highest applicable risk category or categories. Minimum design loads for
structures shall incorporate the applicable importance factors given in Table 2-8. Library Building
categorize as Risk Category II with importance factor = 1.00.
Table 2-7. Risk Category of Seismic Load (ASCE 7-10 Table 1.5-1)

Page : 13
Table 2-8. Importance Factor (ASCE 7-10 Table 1.5-2)
b) Determine Site Classification (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.4.2)
Based on soil investigation data, the average SPT value (NSPT) from BH-2 (closest sample
location from the building) at a depth of 24m is 20, and in accordance with Table 2-9 the site
classified as Site Class D . Details about soil investigation data can be found in chapter 9.
- This figure 2-7 must be removed and should be replaced with the attached Slide
- The locations of each Bore hole (BH1, BH2 and BH3) is not properly located. So, it must be
adjusted
BORE HOLE-3
BORE HOLE-2
BORE HOLE-1
Figure 2-7 Bore hole location
Table 2-9. Site Classification (ASCE 7-10 Table 20.3-1)

Page : 14
c) Determine Acceleration Parameters (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.4.3)
The parameter Ss and S1 shall be determined from the 0.2 and 1s spectral response shown on
Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-9. Site Coefficient (Fa and Fv) are determined from Table 2-10 and
Table 2-11 based on site classification.
Table 2-10. Site Coefficient, Fa (ASCE 7-10 Table 11.4-1)
Table 2-11. Site Coefficient, Fv (ASCE 7-10 Table 11.4-2)
Figure 2-8. Indonesian Seismic Zones - Ss (SNI 1726:2012 Figure 9)

Page : 15
Figure 2-9. Indonesian Seismic Zones – S1 (SNI 1726:2012 Figure 10)
According to Indonesian seismic zones map (SNI 1726:2012), the site (Dili, Timor Leste) is
unspecified in the map, hence the seismic data taken from closest area (Kupang) to the site (Dili,
Timor Leste) :
• Ss : 1.2 g
• S1 : 0.4 g
By interpolating the values in ASCE 7-10 Table 11.4-1 based on Ss value 1.2 Fa value is:
• Fa : 1.02 g
• Fv : 1.6 g
d) Determine Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCER) (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.4.3)
The MCER spectral response acceleration parameter for short periods (SMS) and at 1 second
(SM1), adjusted for Site Class effects, shall be determined from this equation below:
………….………………………………………..….…..…………(ASCE 7-10 Eq.11.4-1)
……………………………….…..………………….…………..…(ASCE 7-10 Eq.11.4-2)
Where:
SS = the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods.
S1 = the mapped MCER spectral response acceleration parameter at period of 1 second.
According to this equation, the site parameter:
SMS = 1.224
SM1 = 0.64
e) Determine Spectral Acceleration Parameters (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.4.4)
Design earthquake spectral response acceleration parameter at short period, SDS, and at 1
second period, SD1, shall be determined from this equation below:
……………………….…………….………………..………………...….…….…(ASCE 7-10 Eq.11.4-3)
………………………………….………………………………………………(ASCE 7-10 Eq.11.4-4)

Page : 16
Where:
SDS = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods.
SD1 = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at 1 second period.
According to this equation, the site parameter:
SDS = 0.816
SD1 = 0.4267
f) Design Response Spectrum (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.4.5)

Where a design response spectrum is required by this standard and site-specific ground motion
procedures are not used, the design response spectrum curve shall be developed as indicated in
Figure 2-10.
Figure 2-10. Response Spectrum Design (ASCE 7-10 Fig.11.4-1)
According to Figure 2-10 and the parameters before, the site specific response spectrum are :
0.9
0.8
Response Spectrum
0.7
Acceleration, Sa (g)
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Period ,T (sec)
Figure 2-11. Specific Response Spectrum for this site
g) Determine Seismic Design Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 11.6)
Seismic design category is taken based on SDS and SD1 values. Based on the tables, seismic
design category is category D.

Page : 17
Table 2-12. Seismic Design Category Based on Short Period Response Acceleration Parameter
(ASCE 7-10 Table 11.6-1)
Table 2-13. Seismic Design Category Based on 1-s Period Response Acceleration Parameter (ASCE
7-10 Table 11.6-2)
h) Determine Structural System Selection (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.2)
The basic lateral and vertical seismic force-resisting system shall conform to one of the types
indicated in Table 10. Each type is subdivided by the types of vertical elements used to resist
lateral seismic forces. The structural system used shall be in accordance with the structural
system limitations and the limits on structural height, h, contained in Table 2-14. The appropriate
response modification coefficient, R, over strength factor, Ω0, and the deflection amplification
factor, Cd, indicated in Table 2-14 shall be used in determining the base shear, element design
forces, and design story drift. Based on table 10, structural system selection with category D for
library building is special moment frames with R, Ω0, and Cd values are 8, 3, and 5.5 respectively.
Table 2-14. Design Coefficients and Factors for Seismic Force-Resisting Systems (ASCE 7-10
Table 12.2-1)

Page : 18
i) Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.8)
Seismic design analysis to be used are modal response-spectrum and equivalent lateral force
procedures. For equivalent lateral force procedure, seismic base shear, V, in a given direction
shall be determined in accordance with the following equation:
……………………………………………………....…...................………….. (ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-1)
Where:
V = Building base shear.
Cs = Seismic response coefficient as determined from one of (ASCE 7-10 Eq.12.8-2 through
12.8-6) as appropriate.
W = Weight of the building (based on specified mass).
The seismic response coefficient, Cs, shall be determined as follow:
……………………………………………….………………………(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-2)
Where:
SDS = the design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short period range as
determined from Section 2.3.5 (e).
R = the response modification factor in Table 2-14.
Ie = the importance factor determined in accordance with Table 2-8.
The value of Cs computed in accordance with ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-2 need not exceed the
following:
………………………………………………………………………(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-3)
Cs shall not be less than,
……………………..……………………..……………...(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-5)
In addition, for structures located where S1 is equal to or greater than 0.6 g. Cs shall not less than
………………………..……...………………..………..……..(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-6)
where Ie and R are as defined in Section 2.3 (e) and,
SD1 = the design spectral response acceleration parameter at a period of 1.0 second, as
determined from Section 2.3 (e)
T = the fundamental period of the structure(s)
S1 = the mapped maximum considered earthquake spectral response acceleration parameter
The lateral seismic force induced at any level shall be determined from the following equations.
And
Where:

Page : 19
Cvx = vertical distribution factor

V = total design lateral force or shear at the base of the structure (kip or kN)
wi and wx = the portion of the total effective seismic weight of the structure (W) located or
assigned to Level i or x
hi and hx = the height (ft or m) from the base to Level i or x
k = an exponent related to the structure period as follows:
• for structures having a period of 0.5 s or less, k = 1

• for structures having a period of 2.5 s or more, k = 2
• for structures having a period between 0.5 and 2.5 s, k shall be 2 or shall be determined by
linear interpolation between 1 and 2.
The seismic design story shear in any story (Vx) shall be determined from the following equation
Where,
Fi = the portion of the seismic base shear induced at level i.
The seismic design story shear shall be distributed to the various vertical elements of the seismic
force-resisting system in the story under consideration based on the relative stiffness of the
vertical resisting elements and the diaphragm.
As for the provisions of modal response spectrum procedure as follow:
• The analysis shall include a sufficient number of modes to obtain a combined modal mass
participation of at least 90 percent of the actual mass in each of the orthogonal horizontal
directions of response considered by the model.
• The value for each force-related design parameter of interest, including story drifts, support
forces, and individual member forces for each mode of response shall be computed using
the properties of each mode and the response spectra defined shall be divided by the
quantity R/I. The value for displacement and drift quantities shall be multiplied by the
quantity Cd/I.
• The value for each parameter of interest calculated for the various modes shall be combined
using the square root of the sum of the squares (SRSS) method and the complete quadratic
combination (CQC) method. The CQC shall be used for each of the modal values where
closely spaced modes have significant cross correlation of translational and torsional
response.
• Where the calculated fundamental period exceeds CuTa in a given direction, CuTa shall be
used in lieu of in that direction. Where the combined response for the modal base shear is
less than 85 percent of the calculated base shear using the equivalent lateral force
procedure, the forces shall be multiplied by:
• Where the combined response for the modal base shear is less than 0.85CsW, and where
Cs is determined in accordance with ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-6, drifts shall be multiplied by
• The distribution of horizontal shear shall be included except that amplification of torsion is
not required where accidental torsion effects are also included in the dynamic analysis
model.
2.4 Irregular and Regular Classification (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.2)
Structures shall be classified as having a structural irregularity based upon the criteria in this section.
Such classification shall be based on their structural configurations.

Page : 20
2.4.1 Horizontal Irregularity (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.2.1)
Structures having one or more of the irregularity types listed in Table 12.3-1 shall be designated as
having a horizontal structural irregularity. Such structures assigned to the seismic design categories
listed in Table 12.3-1 shall comply with the requirements in the sections referenced in that table.
2.4.2 Vertical Irregularity (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.2.2)
Structures having one or more of the irregularity types listed in

Table 2-15 shall be designated as having a vertical structural irregularity. Such structures assigned to
the seismic design categories listed in
Table 2-15 shall comply with the requirements in the sections referenced in that table.
Exceptions:
1. Vertical structural irregularities of Types 1a, 1b, and 2 in Table 2-15 do not apply where no
story drift ratio under design lateral seismic force is greater than 130 percent of the story drift
ratio of the next story above. Torsional effects need not be considered in the calculation of
story drifts. The story drift ratio relationship for the top two stories of the structure are not
required to be evaluated.
2. Vertical structural irregularities of Types 1a, 1b, and 2 in Table 2-16 are not required to be
considered for one-story buildings in any seismic design category or for two-story buildings
assigned to Seismic Design Categories B, C, or D.
Table 2-15 Horizontal Structural Irregularities

Page : 21
Table 2-16 Vertical Structural Irregularities
2.5 Limitations and Additional Requirements for Systems with Structural Irregularities
(ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3)
2.5.1 Prohibited Horizontal and Vertical Irregularities for Seismic Design Categories D
through F (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3.1)
Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category E or F having horizontal irregularity Type 1b of

Table 2-15 or vertical irregularities Type 1b, 5a, or 5b of Table 2-16 shall not be permitted. Structures
assigned to Seismic Design Category D having vertical irregularity Type 5b of Table 2-16 shall not be
permitted.
2.5.2 Extreme Weak Stories (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3.2)
Structures with a vertical irregularity Type 5b as defined in Table 2-16, shall not be over two stories
or 30 ft (9 m) in structural height, hn.
Exception: The limit does not apply where the “weak” story is capable of resisting a total seismic force
equal to Ω0 times the design force prescribed in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.8.

Page : 22
2.5.3 Elements Supporting Discontinuous Walls or Frames (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3.3)
Columns, beams, trusses, or slabs supporting discontinuous walls or frames of structures having
horizontal irregularity Type 4 of Table 2-15 or vertical irregularity Type 4 of Table 2-16 shall be
designed to resist the seismic load effects including overstrength factor of ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.3.
The connections of such discontinuous elements to the supporting members shall be adequate to
transmit the forces for which the discontinuous elements were required to be designed.
2.5.4 Increase in Forces Due to Irregularities for Seismic Design Categories D through F
(ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.3.4)
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or F and having a horizontal structural
irregularity of Type 1a, 1b, 2, 3, or 4 in Table 2-15 or a vertical structural irregularity of Type 4 in Table
2-16, the design forces determined from ASCE 7-10 Section 12.10.1.1 shall be increased 25 percent
for the following elements of the seismic force-resisting system:
1. Connections of diaphragms to vertical elements and to collectors.
2. Collectors and their connections, including connections to vertical elements, of the seismic
force-resisting system.
Exception:
Forces calculated using the seismic load effects including overstrength factor of ASCE 7-10 Section
12.4.3 need not be increased.

Page : 23
2.6 Irregularity Design Data
Calculation Sheet
Horizontal Irregularity of Structures
Horizontal Irregularities
Type 1a (Torsional Irregularity) Notes :
Irregularity is considered when the maximum story drift, including
Story = 4 Story
accidental torsion effects, at one end of the structure transverse to
SDC = D
an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the story drifts.
x Sides
δL δR ∆δL ∆δR ∆Ave. ∆Max. ∆Max./∆Ave. Torsional
Story
mm mm mm mm mm mm Ratio Status
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No
1 4.13 4.0454 4.13 4.0454 4.0877 4.13 1.010 No
2 8.9048 8.7566 4.7748 4.7112 4.743 4.7748 1.007 No
3 12.9502 12.7597 4.0454 4.0031 4.02425 4.0454 1.005 No
4 15.6895 15.2689 2.7393 2.5092 2.62425 2.7393 1.044 No
Check :
Ratio Under limit
hence, Torsional Irregularity → No irregularity
y Sides
Story
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No
1 3.5912 3.8371 3.5912 3.8371 3.71415 3.8371 1.033 No
2 7.5397 7.9727 3.9485 4.1356 4.04205 4.1356 1.023 No
3 10.5452 11.1156 3.0055 3.1429 3.0742 3.1429 1.022 No
4 13.218 14.1485 2.6728 3.0329 2.85285 3.0329 1.063 No
Check :
Ratio Under limit
hence, Torsional Irregularity → No irregularity

Page : 24
Calculation Sheet
Type 1b (Extreme Torsional Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story Notes :
Irregularity is considered when the maximum story drift, including
SDC = D
accidental torsion effects, at one end of the structure transverse to
x Sides an axis is more than 1.2 times the average of the story drifts.

Story
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No
1 4.13 4.0454 4.13 4.0454 4.0877 4.13 1.010 No
2 8.9048 8.7566 4.7748 4.7112 4.743 4.7748 1.007 No
3 12.9502 12.7597 4.0454 4.0031 4.02425 4.0454 1.005 No
4 15.6895 15.2689 2.7393 2.5092 2.62425 2.7393 1.044 No
Check :
Ratio Under limit
hence, Extreme Torsional Irregularity → No irregularity
y Sides
Story
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 No
1 3.5912 3.8371 3.5912 3.8371 3.71415 3.8371 1.033 No
2 7.5397 7.9727 3.9485 4.1356 4.04205 4.1356 1.023 No
3 10.5452 11.1156 3.0055 3.1429 3.0742 3.1429 1.022 No
4 13.218 14.1485 2.6728 3.0329 2.85285 3.0329 1.063 No
Check :
Ratio Under limit
hence, Extreme Torsional Irregularity → No irregularity

Page : 25
Calculation Sheet
Type 2 (Re-entrant Corner Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There isn't any re-entrant corner exists in the plan configuration of a structure and its lateral
force-resisting system Ok Ok
Check :
Re-entrant Corner Irregularity → No Irregularity
Type 3 (Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
Gross Area
Openings Diaph. Diaph.
Diaph.
Story Discontinuity Discontinuity
Ratio Status
m2 m2
0 0 0 0 -
1 5062.5 2499.94 49.38% No
2 5062.5 1129.69 22.31% No
3 2700 0 0.00% No
4 435 0 0.00% No
Ok
Check :
Diaphragm Discontinuity Irregularity → No Irregularity

Page : 26
Calculation Sheet
Type 4 (Out-of-Plane Offset Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There are no discontinuities in a lateral force path.

hence, Out-of-plane Offset Irregularity → No Irregularity
Type 5 (Nonparallel System Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
The vertical lateral-force-resisting elements are parallel to or symmetric about the major
orthogonal axes of the building's lateral-force-resisting system
Example :
The vertical lateral-foree-resisting frame elements located on line 1.16 are parallel to the major
orthogonal axes of the building (i.e., lines 1.A and 1.1).
hence, Nonparallel System Irregularity → No Irregularity

Page : 27
Calculation Sheet
Vertical Irregularity of Structures
Vertical Irregularities
Type 1a (Stiffness-Soft Story Irregularity)
Story = 2 Story Grid : 1.D
SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Height Story- 0.8x(Story- 0.7x(Story- Avg. Story- Soft Story
Displacement Drift
Story
drift Ratio drift Ratio) drift Ratio) drift Ratio Status
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.9008 3.901 0.00076 0.00061 0.00053 - No
2 5150 8.5619 4.661 0.00091 0.00072 0.00063 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00053 < 0.00091 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00061 < - →Ok!
Story = 3 Story Grid : 1.C

SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 4.1926 4.193 0.00081 0.00065 0.00057 0.00083 No
2 5150 8.8876 4.695 0.00091 0.00073 0.00064 - No
3 5150 12.7853 3.898 0.00076 0.00061 0.00053 - No

Page : 28
Calculation Sheet
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00057 < 0.00091 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00065 < 0.00083 →Ok!
Story = 4 Story Grid : 1.B

SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 4.13 4.13 0.00080 0.00064 0.00056 0.00086 No
2 5150 8.9048 4.775 0.00093 0.00074 0.00065 0.00077 No
3 5150 12.9502 4.045 0.00079 0.00063 0.00055 - No
4 3600 15.6895 2.739 0.00076 0.00061 0.00053 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00056 < 0.00093 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00064 < 0.00086 →Ok!

Page : 29
Calculation Sheet
Type 1a (Stiffness-Soft Story Irregularity)
SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Height Story-drift 0.8x(Story- 0.7x(Story- Avg. Story- Soft Story
Displacement Drift
Story
Ratio drift Ratio) drift Ratio) drift Ratio Status
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 2.6634 2.6634 0.00052 0.00041 0.00036 - No
2 5150 6.3363 3.6729 0.00071 0.00057 0.00050 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00036 < 0.00071 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00041 < - → Ok!

SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.6819 3.6819 0.00071 0.00057 0.00050 0.00070 No
2 5150 7.7605 4.0786 0.00079 0.00063 0.00055 - No
3 5150 10.8983 3.1378 0.00061 0.00049 0.00043 - No

Page : 30
Calculation Sheet
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00050 < 0.00079 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00057 < 0.00070 → Ok!

SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.5912 3.5912 0.00070 0.00056 0.00049 0.00068 No
2 5150 7.5397 3.9485 0.00077 0.00061 0.00054 0.00066 No
3 5150 10.5452 3.0055 0.00058 0.00047 0.00041 - No
4 3600 13.218 2.6728 0.00074 0.00059 0.00052 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00049 < 0.00077 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00056 < 0.00068 → Ok!

Page : 31
Calculation Sheet
Type 1b (Stiffness-Extreme Soft Story Irregularity)
SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.9008 3.901 0.00076 0.00053 0.00045 - No

2 5150 8.5619 4.661 0.00091 0.00063 0.00054 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00045 < 0.00091 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00053 < - →Ok!

SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 4.1926 4.193 0.00081 0.00057 0.00049 0.00083 No
2 5150 8.8876 4.695 0.00091 0.00064 0.00055 - No
3 5150 12.7853 3.898 0.00076 0.00053 0.00045 - No

Page : 32
Calculation Sheet
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00049 < 0.00091 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00057 < 0.00083 →Ok!

SDC = D
X Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 4.13 4.13 0.00080 0.00056 0.00048 0.00086 No
2 5150 8.9048 4.775 0.00093 0.00065 0.00056 0.00077 No
3 5150 12.9502 4.045 0.00079 0.00055 0.00047 - No
4 3600 15.6895 2.739 0.00076 0.00053 0.00046 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00048 < 0.00093 →Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h 1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00056 < 0.00086 →Ok!

Page : 33
Calculation Sheet
Type 1b (Stiffness-Extreme Soft Story Irregularity)
SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 2.6634 2.6634 0.00052 0.00036 0.00031 - No

2 5150 6.3363 3.6729 0.00071 0.00050 0.00043 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00031 < 0.00071 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00036 < - → Ok!

SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.6819 3.6819 0.00071 0.00050 0.00043 0.00070 No
2 5150 7.7605 4.0786 0.00079 0.00055 0.00048 - No
3 5150 10.8983 3.1378 0.00061 0.00043 0.00037 - No

Page : 34
Calculation Sheet
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00043 < 0.00079 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00050 < 0.00070 → Ok!

SDC = D
Y Sides
Story Story-
Displacement Drift
Story
mm mm mm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -
1 5150 3.5912 3.5912 0.00070 0.00049 0.00042 0.00068 No
2 5150 7.5397 3.9485 0.00077 0.00054 0.00046 0.00066 No
3 5150 10.5452 3.0055 0.00058 0.00041 0.00035 - No
4 3600 13.218 2.6728 0.00074 0.00052 0.00045 - No
Check :
 δ  (δ − δ )
1 0.70 >
1e 2e 1e
 
 h 1  h 2
0.00042 < 0.00077 → Ok!

2 0.80
δ 1e
 1 
 >  δ 2e
− δ 1e
 
+ δ 3e
− δ 2e
 
+ δ 4e
− δ 3e


No Irregularity
  3      
 h1   h 2   h 3   h 4 
0.00049 < 0.00068 → Ok!

Page : 35
Calculation Sheet
Type 2 (Weight (mass) Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
Weight 1.5 x Weight Check Notes :

Story Mass
Irregularity is considered to exist when the effective
ton ton Status
mass of any story is more than 150 percent of the
0 0 0 -
effective mass of an adjacent story.
1 466.87 700.305 No 0
2 896.26 1344.39 No 0
3 734.094 1101.141 No 0 Check :
4 120.981 181.4715 No 0 Weight Mass Irr. → No Irregularity
OK
Type 3 (Vertical Geometric Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There isn't any horizontal dimension of the lateral-foree-resisting system in any story is more
than 130 percent of that in the adjacent story.
hence, Vertical Geometric Irregularity → No Irregularity
Type 4 (In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical lateral Forces-Resisting Element Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There isn't an in-plane offset of the lateral-forceresisting elements greater than the length of those
elements.
hence, In-Plane Discontinuity in Vertical lateral Forces-Resisting Element → No Irregularity
Irr.

Page : 36
Calculation Sheet
Type 5a (Discontinuity in Lateral Strength-Weak Story Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There isn't any discontinuity in capacity
hence, Discontinuity in Lateral Strength-Weak Story Irregularity → No Irregularity
Type 5b (Discontinuity in Lateral Strength-Extreme Weak Story Irregularity)
Story = 4 Story
SDC = D
There isn't any discontinuity in capacity
hence, Discontinuity in Lateral Strength-Extreme Weak Story Irregularity → No Irregularity
2.7 Redundancy (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.4)
A redundancy factor, ρ, shall be assigned to the seismic force-resisting system in each of two
orthogonal directions for all structures in accordance with this section.
2.7.1 Conditions Where Value of ρ is 1.0 (ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.4.1)
The value of ρ is permitted to equal 1.0 for the following:

1. Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category B or C.
2. Drift calculation and P-delta effects.
3. Design of nonstructural components.
4. Design of nonbuilding structures that are not similar to buildings.
5. Design of collector elements, splices, and their connections for which the seismic load effects
including overstrength factor of ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.3 are used.
6. Design of members or connections where the seismic load effects including overstrength
factor of ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.3 are required for design.
7. Diaphragm loads determined using ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.10-1.
8. Structures with damping systems designed in accordance with ASCE 7-10 Chapter 18.
9. Design of structural walls for out-of-plane forces, including their anchorage.

Page : 37
2.7.2 Redundancy Factor, ρ, for Seismic Design Categories D through F (ASCE 7-10 Section
12.3.4.2)
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or F, ρ shall equal 1.3 unless one of
the following two conditions is met, whereby ρ is permitted to be taken as 1.0:
a. Each story resisting more than 35 percent of the base shear in the direction of interest shall
comply with Table 2-17.
b. Structures that are regular in plan at all levels provided that the seismic force-resisting
systems consist of at least two bays of seismic force-resisting perimeter framing on each side
of the structure in each orthogonal direction at each story resisting more than 35 percent of
the base shear. The number of bays for a shear wall shall be calculated as the length of shear
wall divided by the story height or two times the length of shear wall divided by the story
height, hsx, for light-frame construction.
Table 2-17 Requirements for Each Story Resisting More than 35% of the Base Shear
2.8 Load Combination
The basic load combination (ASCE 7-10 Section 2.3.2) for the concrete structure analysis and design
is below:
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.5W)
4. 1.2D + 1.0W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S
6. 0.9D + 1.0W
7. 0.9D + 1.0E
The load combination (ASCE 7-10 Section 2.4.1) for the steel structure analysis and design (general)
is below:
1. D
2. D + L
3. D + (Lr or S or R)
4. D + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
5. D + (0.6W or 0.7E)
6a. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.6W) + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
6b. D + 0.75L + 0.75(0.7E) + 0.75S
7. 0.6D + 0.6W
8. 0.6D + 0.7E

Page : 38
ASCE 7-10 Sec.12.4.2 specified that the seismic load effect, E, shall be determined in accordance
with the following:
• For use in load combination 5 in ASCE 7-10 Section 2.3.2 or load combinations 5 and 6 in ASCE
7-10 Section 2.4.1, E shall be determined in accordance with Eq. 12.4-1 as follows:
E = Eh + Ev………………………...…………………………………………………..(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.4-1)
• For use in load combination 7 in ASCE 7-10 Section 2.3.2 or load combination 8 in ASCE 7-10
Section 2.4.1, E shall be determined in accordance with Eq. 12.4-2 as follows:
E = Eh – Ev…………………………………………………………………………….(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.4-2)
Where:
E = seismic load effect

Eh = effect of horizontal seismic forces as defined in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.2.1
Ev = effect of vertical seismic forces as defined in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.2.2
The horizontal seismic load effect (ASCE 7-10 Sec. 12.4.2.1), Eh, shall be determined in accordance
with Eq. 12.4-3 as follows:
Eh = ρQE ………………………………………………………………………….……(ASCE 7-10 Eq.12.4-3)
Where:
QE = effects of horizontal seismic forces from V or Fp. Where required by ASCE 7-10 Section
12.5.3 or 12.5.4, such effects shall result from application of horizontal forces simultaneously
in two directions at right angles to each other.
ρ = redundancy factor, as defined in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.3.4
The vertical seismic load effect (ASCE 7-10 Sec. 12.4.2.2), Ev, shall be determined in accordance
with Eq. 12.4-4 as follows:
Ev = 0.2SDS D ……………………………………………...…………………………..(ASCE 7-10 Eq.12.4-4)
Where:
SDS = design spectral response acceleration parameter at short periods obtained from section 2.3 (e)
D = effect of dead load
Where the prescribed seismic load effect, E, defined in ASCE 7-10 Section 12.4.2 is combined with
the effects of other loads as set forth in Chapter 2, the following seismic load combinations for
structures not subject to flood or atmospheric ice loads shall be used in lieu of the seismic load
combinations in either Section ASCE 7-10 2.3.2 or 2.4.1:
Basic Combinations for Strength Design (ASCE 7-10 Sections 2.3.2)
5. (1.2 + 0.2SDS)D + ρQE + L + 0.2S

7. (0.9 – 0.2SDS)D + ρQE + 1.6H
Basic Combinations for Allowable Stress Design (ASCE 7-10 Sections 2.4.1)
5. (1.0 + 0.14SDS)D + H + F + 0.7ρQE
6b. (1.0 + 0.10SDS)D + H + F + 0.525ρQE + 0.75L + 0.75(Lr or S or R)
9. (0.6 – 0.14SDS)D + 0.7ρQE + H

Page : 39
Where:
D = dead load (SW + SDL)

SDL = superimposed dead load
SW = self Weight
E = earthquake load
F = load due to fluids with well-defined pressures and maximum heights
H = load due to lateral earth pressure, ground water pressure, or pressure of bulk materials
L = live load
Lr = roof live load
R = rain load
S = snow load
W = wind load

Page : 40
3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (ACI 318M-11)

3.1 Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5)
3.1.1 Geometry Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5.1)
Geometry requirements shall apply to members that form part of the seismic-force-resisting system
and are proportioned primarily to resist flexure. These members shall also satisfy these conditions:
• Factored axial compressive force on the member, Pu, shall not exceed Agfc’/10
• Clear span for member, ln, shall not be less than four times its effective depth
• Width of member, bw, shall not be less than the smaller of 0.3 h and 250 mm
• Width of member, bw, shall not exceed width of supporting member, c2, plus a distance on each
side of supporting member equal to the smaller of 2 conditions:
 Width of supporting member, c2, and
 0.75 times the overall dimension of supporting member, c1.
And
Figure 3-1. dimension provision of flexural member
3.1.2 Longitudinal Reinforcement Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5.2)
Longitudinal reinforcement at any section of a flexural member shall be satisfy these conditions:
• For top as well as for bottom reinforcement, the amount of reinforcement shall not be less than
, but not less than
• The reinforcement ratio shall not exceed 0.025

• At least two bars shall be provided continuously at both top and bottom
• Positive moment strength at joint face shall be not less than one-half the negative moment
strength provided at that face of the joint. Neither the negative nor the positive moment strength at
any section along member length shall be less than one fourth the maximum moment strength
provided at face of either joint

Page : 41
0.025 bwd ≥ (As- or As+)

Minimum 2 bars continuous
Figure 3-2. Reinforcement Requirements for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames
Figure 3-3. Flexural Combination and Minimum Flexural Strength Requirements
• Lap splices of flexural reinforcement shall be permitted only if hoop or spiral reinforcement is
provided over the lap length. Spacing of the transverse reinforcement enclosing the lap-spliced
bars shall not exceed the smaller of d/4 and 100mm. The transverse reinforcement for lap splices
at any location is mandatory because of the likelihood of loss of shell concrete.
• Lap splices shall not be used:
 Within the joints
 Within a distance of twice the member depth from the face of the joint; and
 Where analysis indicates flexural yielding is caused by inelastic lateral displacements of the
frame
Lap splices of reinforcement are prohibited at regions where flexural yielding is anticipated because
such splices are not reliable under conditions of cyclic loading into the inelastic range.

Page : 42
3.1.3 Transverse Reinforcement Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5.3)
Transverse reinforcement is required primarily to confine the concrete and maintain lateral support for
the reinforcing bars in regions where yielding is expected. Because spalling of the concrete shell is
anticipated during strong motion, especially at and near regions of flexural yielding, all web
reinforcement should be provided in the form of closed hoops.
Hoops shall be provided in the following regions of frame members:
• Over a length equal to twice the member depth measured from the face of the supporting member
toward mid span, at both ends of the flexural member;
• Over lengths equal to twice the member depth on both sides of a section where flexural yielding is
likely to occur in connection with inelastic lateral displacements of the frame.
The first hoop shall be located not more than 50 mm from the face of a supporting member. Spacing
of the hoops shall not exceed the smallest from:
• d/4;
• 8 longitudinal bar diameters
• 24 tie bar diameters, and
• 300 mm.
Figure 3-4. Transverse Reinforcements for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames
Hoops in flexural members shall be permitted to be made up of two pieces of reinforcement: a stirrup
having seismic hooks at both ends and closed by a crosstie. Consecutive crossties engaging the
same longitudinal bar shall have their 90-degree hooks at opposite sides of the flexural member. If the
longitudinal reinforcing bars secured by the crossties are confined by a slab on only one side of the
flexural frame member, the 90-degree hooks of the crossties shall be placed on that side.
Figure 3-5. Splices and Hoop Reinforcement for Flexural Members of Special Moment Frames

Page : 43
3.1.4 Shear Strength Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.5.4)
The design shear force, Ve, shall be determined from consideration of the statical forces on the
portion of the member between faces of the joints.
Direction of shear force, Ve, depends on relative magnitudes of gravity loads and shear generated by
end moments. End moments, Mpr based on steel tensile stress of 1.25 fy, where fy is specified yield
strength. (Both moments should be considered in both directions, clockwise and counter-clockwise).
End moment, Mpr, for columns need not be greater and moments generated by the Mpr, of the beam
framing into the beam-column joints. Ve should not less than that required by analysis of the structure.
Transverse reinforcement over the lengths identified shall be proportioned to resist shear assuming Vc
= 0 when both conditions occur:
• The earthquake-induced shear force calculated in accordance represents one-half or more of the
maximum required shear strength within those lengths;
• The factored axial compressive force, Pu, including earthquake effects is less than Agfc' /20
Figure 3-6. Shear Combinations for Gravitation and Seismic Load
3.2 Special Moment Frame Member Subjected to Bending and Axial Load (ACI 318M-11 CH
21.6)
3.2.1 Geometry Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.6.1)
Requirements of this section apply to special moment frame members that form part of the seismic-
force resisting system and that resist a factored axial compressive force Pu under any load
combination exceeding Agfc’/10.These frame members shall also satisfy the conditions:
• The shortest cross-sectional dimension, measured on a straight line passing through the
geometric centroid, shall not be less than 300 mm.
• The ratio of the shortest cross-sectional dimension to the perpendicular dimension shall not be
less than 0.4.

Page : 44
Section A
c1 ≥ 300mm
c2 ≥ 300mm
If c1 < c2, then
Figure 3-7. Column Geometry Requirement
3.2.2 Minimum flexural strength of columns (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.6.2)
The flexural strengths of columns shall satisfy the following:
Where
ΣMe = sum of nominal flexural strengths of columns framing into the joint, evaluated at the faces of
the joint. Column flexural strength shall be calculated for the factored axial force, consistent
with the direction of the lateral forces considered, resulting in the lowest flexural strength.
ΣMg = sum of nominal flexural strengths of the beams framing into the joint, evaluated at the faces
of the joint. In T-beam construction, where the slab is in tension under moments at the face
of the joint, slab reinforcement within an effective slab width defined shall be assumed to
contribute to Mg if the slab reinforcement is developed at the critical section for flexure.
The intent of the equation is to reduce the likelihood of yielding in columns that are considered as part
of the seismic-force resisting system. If columns are not stronger than beams framing into a joint,
there is likelihood of inelastic action. In the worst case of weak columns, flexural yielding can occur at
both ends of all columns in a given story, resulting in a column failure mechanism that can lead to
collapse. The nominal strengths of the girders and columns are calculated at the joint faces, and
those strengths are compared directly.
If minimum flexural strength is not satisfied at a joint, the lateral strength and stiffness of the columns
framing into that joint shall be ignored when determining the calculated strength and stiffness of the
structure.
Figure 3-8. “Strong Column-Weak Beam” Frame Requirements for Special Moment Frames

Page : 45
3.2.3 Longitudinal Reinforcement Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.6.3)
Longitudinal reinforcement of a flexural member shall be satisfy these conditions:

• The reinforcement ratio (ρg) shall not be less than 0.01 and shall not exceed 0.06.
• Type 1 mechanical splices shall not be used within a distance equal to twice the member depth
from the column or beam face for special moment frames or from sections where yielding of the
reinforcement is likely to occur as a result of inelastic lateral displacements. Type 2 mechanical
splices shall be permitted to be used at any location.
• Welded splices in reinforcement resisting earthquake-induced forces shall not be used within a
distance equal to twice the member depth from the column or beam face for special moment
frames or from sections where yielding of the reinforcement is likely to occur as a result of
inelastic lateral displacements.
• Lap splices shall be permitted only within the center half of the member length, shall be designed
as tension lap splices, and shall be enclosed within transverse reinforcement.
Figure 3-9. Typical Lap Splice Details of Columns in Special Moment Frames
Required transverse reinforcement shall be provided over a length from each joint face and on both
sides of any section where flexural yielding is likely to occur as a result of inelastic lateral
displacements of the frame. Length o shall not be less than the largest of these conditions:
• The depth of the member at the joint face or at the section where flexural yielding is likely to
occur;
• One-sixth of the clear span of the member; and
• 450 mm.
Transverse reinforcement shall be provided by either single or overlapping spirals, circular hoops, or
rectilinear hoops with or without crossties. Crossties of The same or smaller bar size as the hoops
shall be permitted. Each end of the crosstie shall engage a peripheral longitudinal reinforcing bar.
Consecutive crossties shall be alternated end for end along the longitudinal reinforcement. Spacing of
crossties or legs of rectilinear hoops, hx , within a cross section of the member shall not exceed 350
mm on center.
Spacing of transverse reinforcement along the length lo of the member shall not exceed the smallest
of these conditions:

Page : 46
• One-quarter of the minimum member dimension;

• Six times the diameter of the smallest longitudinal bar; and
• so, as defined,
, The value of so shall not exceed 150 mm and need not be taken less than
100 mm.
The amount of transverse reinforcement required shall be provided in these conditions unless a larger
amount is required.
• The volumetric ratio of spiral or circular hoop reinforcement, ρs, shall not be less than required
, and shall not be less than
• The total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforcement, Ash, shall not be less than
Figure 3-10. Confinement Requirements at Column End
Column ends require adequate confinement to ensure column ductility in the event of hinge formation.
They also require adequate shear reinforcement in order to prevent shear failures prior to the
development of the flexural yielding of the section. The correct amount, spacing, and location of the
transverse reinforcement must be provided so that both the confinement and shear strength
requirements are satisfied. For special moment frames, the transverse reinforcement must be spiral or
circular hoop reinforcement or rectangular hoop reinforcement. Spiral reinforcement is generally the

Page : 47
most efficient form of confinement reinforcement; however, the extension of the spirals into the beam-
column joint may cause some construction difficulties.
Figure 3-11. Transverse Reinforcement in Column
Columns supporting reactions from discontinued stiff members, such as walls, shall satisfy:
• Transverse reinforcement as required shall be provided over their full height at all levels beneath
the discontinuity if the factored axial compressive force in these members, related to earthquake
effect, exceeds Agfc' /10. Where design forces have been magnified to account for the over
strength of the vertical elements of the seismic-force-resisting system, the limit of Agfc' /10 shall be
increased to Agfc' /4.
• The transverse reinforcement shall extend into the discontinued member at least a distance equal
to ld, where ld is determined for the largest longitudinal column bar. Where the lower end of the
column terminates on a wall, the required transverse reinforcement shall extend into the wall at
least ld of the largest longitudinal column bar at the point of termination. Where the column
terminates on a footing, mat, or pile cap, the required transverse reinforcement shall extend at
least 300 mm into the footing, mat, or pile cap.
If the concrete cover outside the confining transverse reinforcement specified in exceeds 100 mm,
additional transverse reinforcement shall be provided. Concrete cover for additional transverse
reinforcement shall not exceed 100 mm and spacing of additional transverse reinforcement shall not
exceed 300 mm.
Figure 3-12. Columns Supporting Discontinued Stiff Members
3.2.5 Shear Strength Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.6.5)
The design shear force, Ve, shall be determined from consideration of the maximum forces that can
be generated at the faces of the joints at each end of the member. These joint forces shall be
determined using the maximum probable moment strengths, Mpr, at each end of the member
associated with the range of factored axial loads, Pu, acting on the member. The member shears
need not exceed those determined from joint strengths based on Mpr or of the transverse members

Page : 48
framing into the joint. In no case shall Ve pr be less than the factored shear determined by analysis of
the structure.
Figure 3-13. Loading Cases for Design of Shear Reinforcement in Columns of Special Moment
Frames
Figure 3-14. Design Shear Forces for Column
3.3 Joints of Special Moment Frames (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.7)
This requirement applies to beam-column joints of special moment frames forming part of the seismic
force-resisting system.
3.3.1 General Requirement (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.7.2)
General requirement for joints of special moment frames shall satisfy:

• Forces in longitudinal beam reinforcement at the joint face shall be determined by assuming that
the stress in the flexural tensile reinforcement is 1.25fy
• Beam longitudinal reinforcement terminated in a column shall be extended to the far face of the
confined column core and anchored both in tension and compression.
• Where longitudinal beam reinforcement extends through a beam-column joint, the column
dimension parallel to the beam reinforcement shall not be less than 20 times the diameter of the
largest longitudinal beam bar for normal weight concrete. For light weight concrete, the dimension
shall be not less than 26 times the bar diameter.

Page : 49
Figure 3-15. Significant Shear Force at Joint
Interior Exterior Edge
Roof Interior Roof Exterior Roof Edge
Figure 3-16. Types of Joints of Special Moment
Where members frame into all four sides of the joint and where each member width is at least three-
fourths the column width, the amount of reinforcement specified shall be permitted to be reduced by
half, and the spacing required shall be permitted to be increased to 150 mm within the overall depth h
of the shallowest framing member.
Longitudinal beam reinforcement outside the column core shall be confined by transverse
reinforcement passing through the column that satisfies spacing requirements, if such confinement is
not provided by a beam framing into the joint.

Page : 50
Figure 3-17. Free Body of Joint of Special Moment Frames
At Joint Beam Dimension
Figure 3-18. Vu design at Joint
3.3.3 Shear Strength (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.7.4)
For normal weight concrete, Vu of the joint shall not be taken as greater than the values specified
below.
• For joints confined by beams on all four faces 1.7 √fc’Aj
• For joints confined by beams on three faces or on two opposite faces 1.2 √fc’Aj
• For other cases 1.0 √fc’Aj
A beam that frames into a face is considered to provide confinement to the joint if it covers at least
three-quarters of the face of the joint. Extensions of beams at least one overall beam depth h beyond
the joint face are permitted to be considered adequate for confining that joint face. Extensions of
beams shall satisfy flexural members requirement.
Aj is the effective cross-sectional area within a joint computed from joint depth times effective joint
width. Joint depth shall be the overall depth of the column, h. Effective joint width shall be the overall
width of the column, except where a beam frames into a wider column, and the effective joint width
shall not exceed the smaller of from these conditions:
• Beam width plus joint depth
• Twice the smaller perpendicular distance from longitudinal axis of beam to column side.

Page : 51
Joint confined effectively at x and y sides Joint confined effectively at x side only
Figure 3-19. Confined Beam Dimension Requirement
Figure 3-20. Effective Joint Area
3.3.4 Development length of bars in tension (ACI 318M-11 CH 21.7.5)
For bar sizes No. 10 through No. 36, the development length, dh, for a bar with a standard 90-degree
hook in normal weight concrete shall not be less than the largest of 8db, 150 mm, and the length shall
be satisfied:
For lightweight concrete, dh for a bar with a standard 90-degree hook shall not be less than the
largest of 10db, 190 mm, and 1.25 times the length required from normal weigh. The 90-degree hook
shall be located within the confined core of a column or of a boundary element.
Figure 3-21. 90-degree hook standard

Page : 52
For bar sizes No. 10 through No. 36, ld, the development length in tension for a straight bar, shall not
be less than the larger from these conditions:
• 2.5 times the length required by 21.7.5.1 if the depth of the concrete cast in one lift beneath the
bar does not exceed 300 mm;
• 3.25 times the length required by 21.7.5.1 if the depth of the concrete cast in one lift beneath the
bar exceeds 300 mm.
Straight bars terminated at a joint shall pass through the confined core of a column or of a boundary
element. Any portion of ld not within the confined core shall be increased by a factor of 1.6.

Page : 53
4 STRUCTURE ANALYSIS PROGRAM

The concrete structural design of Library Building for National Library Timor-Leste is modeled as three
dimensional space frame. The structure system is modeled using ETABS v9.7.0 Program. The
models are made to be similar with real condition. This model is expected to represent the behavior of
the actual building in the real condition.

Page : 54
5 PROGRAM ANALYSIS
5.1 Structural Modeling
Structural modeling for Library Building and Drop Off structure using ETABS program will be
displayed in following section.
5.1.1 Structural Modeling Library Building

Total stories of structural modeling is seven level include ground floor and roof top.
Figure 5-1. Display of 3 Dimensional Model of Library Building
Figure 5-2. Display Typical Y – Z Axis Frame of Library Building

Page : 55
Figure 5-3. Display Typical X – Z Axis Frame of Library Building
5.1.2 Drop Off Modeling for Library Building
Figure 5-4. Display of 3 Dimensional Model of Library Drop Off Building
Figure 5-5. Display Typical Y – Z Axis Frame of Library Room Building

Page : 56
Figure 5-6. Display Typical X – Z Axis Frame of Library Roof Building
5.2 Material and Load Input
Material and Load Input using ETABS program will be displayed in the following section.
5.2.1 Material Input
Material properties used in ETABS and SAP Program is shown in the figure below:
Figure 5-7. Display of Material Input Library Building (Concrete f’c 25) [MPa]

Page : 57
Figure 5-8. Display of Material Input Library Building (Concrete Fc’ 30) [MPa]
Figure 5-9. Display of Material Input for Library Building (Steel A-36) [MPa]
5.2.2 Frame Loads Input
a) Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)

2
Weight of lightweight brick: 130 kg/m (see section 2.3.2 for details)
Table 5-1. Frame Load (SDL) of Library Modeling

Height Brick Load
Story
[m] [kg/m]
Ground Floor 5.2 5.2 x 130 = 676
1st floor 5.2 5.2 x 130 = 676
2nd floor 5.2 5.2 x 130 = 676
Roof Floor 3.9 3.9 x 130 = 507
2
- Weight of glass for drop off : 40 kg/m (see section 2.3.2 for details)

Page : 58
• Library Building
Figure 5-10. Display Input Brick Load (SDL) at Library Building [kg; m]
• Drop Off
Figure 5-11. Display Input Glass Load (SDL) at Drop Off [kg; m]

Page : 59
b) Live Roof (Lr) for Drop Off
4. Loads to be assigned
L r1 = L o x Tributary Width 1 = 0.348 kN/m = 35 kg/m

L r2 = L o x Tributary Width 2 = 0.174 kN/m = 17 kg/m

Page : 60
Figure 5-12. Display Input Live Roof at Frame of Drop Off [kg; m]
c) Wind Loads (W)
Calculation Sheet
MWFRS Wind Loads on Building (ASCE 7-10 Chapter 27)
Determine Wind Load Parameters

● Structure Type = Main Wind Force Resisting System
Urban and suburban areas,wooded areas, or other
● Surface Roughness = terrain with numerous Enclosedly spaced obstructions
having the size of single-family dwellings or larger.
● Topograph factor (K zt ) = 1 (Flat surface)
● Exposure Category = B
● Wind direction factor (K d ) = 0.85
● Basic Wind Speed (V ) = 20 m/s
● Nominal height of atmosfer limit (z g ) = 365.75 (Exposure B)
● Eksponen of wind flow velocity at 3 second (α ) = 7.00 (Exposure B)
● Building Types = Rigid Buildings or other structure
● Wind flow effect factor (G ) = 0.85
Design Parameter
● Roof slope (α ) = 0 o
● Length of axis-x x = 112.5 m

● Length of axis-y y = 45 m
● Total wall and roof area on the all side A gtot = 5062.5 m2
● Wall area that receive external positive wind Ag = 30.0 m2
● Total wall and roof area exclude A g A gi = 5032.5 m2
● Total Opening area on the all side A otot = 0.0 m2
● Opening area that receive external positive wind Ao = 0.0 m2
● Total Opening area exclude A o A oi = 0.0 m2
Building Clasification
i. Open Building Ao ≥ 0.8 A g
0.0 ≥ 24 FALSE
ii. Partially Enclosed Building Ao > 1.1 A oi

0.0 > 0 FALSE
Ao > 0.37 m2
0.0 > 0.37 FALSE

Page : 61
Ao > 0.01 A g
0.0 > 0.3 FALSE
A oi /A gi ≤ 0.2
0.0 ≤ 0.2 TRUE
iii. Building Clasification Justify

Base on the calculation before, justify: Enclosed Building , that affect value of
Internal Wind Compression Coefficient GC pi = 0.18 and -0.18
External Wind Compression Coefficient

● Length of axis-x x = 112.5 m
● Length of axis-y y = 45 m
● Average roof height or the lowest roof height if H = 19.2 m
α ≤ 10°
Calculation Sheet
Condition 1
Z
wx wx
x
Lx = 112.5 m
By = 45 m
- Please remove unnecessary lines shown in condition 1 above
- Please place
Condition 2 the uniform loads appropriately on the truss frame
wy Z
Ly = 45 m
Bx = 112.5 m
i. Compression of wind from axis-x (Wall)

Ratio of horizontal dimension L/B = 2.500
Cofficient of wall comprression Windward C p1 = 0.8
Cofficient of wall comprression Leeward C p2 = -0.275
Cofficient of wall comprression side C p3 = -0.7
ii. Compression of wind from axis-y (Wall)

Ratio of horizontal dimension L/B = 0.400
Cofficient of wall comprression Windward C p1 = 0.8
Cofficient of wall comprression Leeward C p2 = -0.5
Cofficient of wall comprression side C p3 = -0.7

Page : 62
iii. Compression of wind from axis-x (Roof)

Roof slope α = 5 o
Value of comppression wind coefficient, below:

Ratio of vertical-horizontal dimension h/L = 0.171
0 - h/2 C p1 = -0.9 and -0.18
h/2 - h C p2 = -0.9 and -0.18
h - 2h C p3 = -0.5 and -0.18
> 2h C p4 = -0.3 and -0.18
iv. Compression of wind from axis-y (Roof)

Roof slope α = 0 o
Value of comppression wind coefficient, below:

Ratio of vertical-horizontal dimension h/L = 0.427
0 - h/2 C p1 = -0.86 and -0.18
h/2 - h C p2 = -0.86 and -0.18
h - 2h C p3 = -0.86 and -0.18
> 2h C p4 = -0.86 and -0.18
Calculation Sheet
Determine velocity pressure exposure coefficient K z or K h
● For z < 4.6 m ● q z = 0.613 K z K zt K d V 2

2/α
K z = 2.01 (15/zg) ASCE 7-10 Eq. 27.3-1
● q h = 0.613 K h K zt K d V 2
● For 4.6 m ≤ z ≤ zg
K z = 2.01 (z/zg)2/α
● q z = velocity pressure calculated using ASCE 7-10 Eq. 27.3-1 at height z

● q h = velocity pressure calculated using ASCE 7-10 Eq. 27.3-1 at mean roof height h.
● q = q z for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground
● q = q h for leeward walls, side walls, and roofs, evaluated at height h
● q i = q h for windward walls, side walls, leeward walls, and roofs of enclosed buildings and for negative internal pressure evaluation in
partially enclosed buildings
● q i = q z for positive internal pressure evaluation in partially enclosed buildings where height z is defined as the level of the highest
opening in the building that could affect the positive internal pressure. For buildings sited in wind-borne debris regions, glazing that is not
impact resistant or protected with an impact resistant covering shall be treated as an opening in accordance with Section 26.10.3. For
positive internal pressure evaluation, q i may conservatively be evaluated at height h(q i = q h )
External Pressure
● Mean Roof Height = 19.2 m

● Kz = 0.87
● qh = 180.49
qGC p (Wall)
z qz Windward Leeward Side
Kz
(m) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 0.58 119.99 81.60 -42.19 -107.39
2 0.58 119.99 81.60 -42.19 -107.39
4 0.58 119.99 81.60 -42.19 -107.39
6 0.62 129.46 88.03 -42.19 -107.39
8 0.67 140.55 95.57 -42.19 -107.39
10 0.72 149.80 101.86 -42.19 -107.39
12 0.76 157.81 107.31 -42.19 -107.39
14 0.79 164.92 112.14 -42.19 -107.39
16 0.82 171.33 116.50 -42.19 -107.39
18 0.85 177.19 120.49 -42.19 -107.39
19.2 0.87 180.49 122.73 -42.19 -107.39

Page : 63

qGC p (Wall)
z qz Windward Leeward Side
Kz
(m) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 0.58 119.99 81.60 -76.71 -107.39
2 0.58 119.99 81.60 -76.71 -107.39
4 0.58 119.99 81.60 -76.71 -107.39
6 0.62 129.46 88.03 -76.71 -107.39
8 0.67 140.55 95.57 -76.71 -107.39
10 0.72 149.80 101.86 -76.71 -107.39
12 0.76 157.81 107.31 -76.71 -107.39
14 0.79 164.92 112.14 -76.71 -107.39
16 0.82 171.33 116.50 -76.71 -107.39
18 0.85 177.19 120.49 -76.71 -107.39
19.2 0.87 180.49 122.73 -76.71 -107.39

qGC p (roof) (N/m2)
Length from wall C p1 C p2
0 to 9.6 -138.08 -27.62
9.6 to 19.2 -138.08 -27.62
19.2 to 38.4 -76.71 -27.62
> 38.4 -46.03 -27.62

qGC p (roof) (N/m2)
Length from wall C p1 C p2
0 to 9.6 -131.94 -27.62
9.6 to 19.2 -131.94 -27.62
19.2 to 38.4 -131.94 -27.62
> 38.4 -131.94 -27.62
Calculation Sheet
Internal Pressure
q i GC pi (wall)
z GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
(m) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 21.60 -21.60
2 21.60 -21.60
4 21.60 -21.60
6 23.30 -23.30
8 25.30 -25.30
10 26.96 -26.96
12 28.41 -28.41
14 29.68 -29.68
16 30.84 -30.84
18 31.89 -31.89
19.2 32.49 -32.49

q i GC pi (wall)
z GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
(m) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 21.60 -21.60
2 21.60 -21.60
4 21.60 -21.60
6 23.30 -23.30
8 25.30 -25.30
10 26.96 -26.96
12 28.41 -28.41
14 29.68 -29.68
16 30.84 -30.84
18 31.89 -31.89
19.2 32.49 -32.49

Page : 64

qGC pi (roof) (N/m2)
Length from wall GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
0 to 9.6 32.49 -32.49
9.6 to 19.2 32.49 -32.49
19.2 to 38.4 32.49 -32.49
> 38.4 32.49 -32.49

qGC pi (roof) (N/m2)
Length from wall GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
0 to 9.6 32.49 -32.49
9.6 to 19.2 32.49 -32.49
19.2 to 38.4 32.49 -32.49
> 38.4 32.49 -32.49
Determine Wind Pressure

p = qG f C p - q i (GC pi )
i. Compression of wind from axis-x

qGC p - q i GC pi (wall)
GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
z Windward Leeward Side Windward Leeward Side
(N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 60.00 -63.79 -128.99 103.19 -20.59 -85.79
2 60.00 -63.79 -128.99 103.19 -20.59 -85.79
4 60.00 -63.79 -128.99 103.19 -20.59 -85.79
6 64.73 -65.49 -130.69 111.33 -18.89 -84.09
8 70.27 -67.49 -132.69 120.87 -16.89 -82.09
10 74.90 -69.15 -134.36 128.83 -13.78 -78.99
12 78.91 -70.60 -135.80 135.72 -12.50 -77.71
14 82.46 -71.87 -137.08 141.83 -11.35 -76.55
16 85.66 -73.03 -138.23 147.34 -10.29 -75.50
18 88.60 -74.08 -139.29 152.39 -9.70 -74.90
19.2 90.25 -74.68 -139.88 155.22 -9.70 -74.90
qGC p - q i GC pi (roof) (N/m2)

GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
Length
C p1 C p2 C p1 C p2
0 to 9.6 m -170.56 -60.10 -105.59 4.87
9.6 to 19.2 m -170.56 -60.10 -105.59 4.87
19.2 to 38.4 m -109.20 -60.10 -44.22 4.87
>38.4 m -78.51 -60.10 -13.54 4.87
Calculation Sheet
ii. Compression of wind from axis-y

qGC p - q i GC pi (wall)
GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
z Windward Leeward Side Windward Leeward Side
(N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 ) (N/m 2 )
0 60.00 -98.31 -128.99 103.19 -55.11 -85.79
2 60.00 -98.31 -128.99 103.19 -55.11 -85.79
4 60.00 -98.31 -128.99 103.19 -55.11 -85.79
6 64.73 -100.01 -130.69 111.33 -53.41 -84.09
8 70.27 -102.01 -132.69 120.87 -51.41 -82.09
10 74.90 -103.67 -134.36 128.83 -49.74 -80.43
12 78.91 -105.11 -135.80 135.72 -48.30 -78.99
14 82.46 -106.39 -137.08 141.83 -47.02 -77.71
16 85.66 -107.55 -138.23 147.34 -45.87 -76.55
18 88.60 -108.60 -139.29 152.39 -44.81 -75.50
19.2 90.25 -109.20 -139.88 155.22 -44.22 -74.90
qGC p - q i GC pi (roof) (N/m2)

GC pi (+0.18) GC pi (-0.18)
Length
Cp1 Cp2 Cp1 Cp2
0 to 9.6 m -164.43 -60.10 -99.45 4.87
9.6 to 19.2 m -164.43 -60.10 -99.45 4.87
19.2 to 38.4 m -164.43 -60.10 -99.45 4.87
>38.4 m -164.43 -60.10 -99.45 4.87

Page : 65
Calculation Sheet
ii. Compression of wind from axis-y
z= 19.2 m
Wind press. L Tributary Wind Load Wind Load to be Assigned

Wind Direction
(N/m 2 ) (m) (N/m) (N/m)
Windward 770.00 7.5 5775.00 5775
770.00 15 11550.00 11550
770.00 0 0.00 0
770.00 0 0.00 0
770.00 7.5 5775.00 5775
Leeward -770.00 15 -11550.00 -11550
-770.00 0 0.00 0
-770.00 0 0.00 0
-770.00 3.75 -2887.50 -2900
-770.00 7.5 -5775.00 -5775
Side -770.00 0 0.00 0
-770.00 0 0.00 0
-770.00 0 0.00 0
0 to 9.6 m -380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
9.6 to 19.2 m -380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
19.2 to 38.4 m -380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
>38.4 m -380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
-380.00 0 0.00 0
Figure 5-13 Wind Load for Library Building (W x) [kg; m]

Page : 66
Figure 5-14 Wind Load for Library Building (W y) [kg; m]
5.2.3 Area Loads Input
a) Live Load (L)

The live load that applied to structure modeling is (taken from Infrastructure Requirements for
National Library of Timor-Leste):
Ground, first and second floor:
• Floor
2
= 600 kg/m
• Shelving
2
= 750 kg/m
Roof floor
• Roof area (ASCE 7-10 Table 4-1)
2
= 100 kg/m
2
600 kg/m
Figure 5-15. Display Input Live Load for Library Building First Floor Area [kg; m]

Page : 67
2
600 kg/m
Figure 5-16. Display Input Live Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m]
2
600 kg/m
Figure 5-17. Display Input Live Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m]
2
100 kg/m

Page : 68
Figure 5-18. Display Input Live Roof Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m]
2
100 kg/m
Figure 5-19. Display Input Live Roof Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m]
b) Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)

Total weight of floor finishing (see section 2.3.2 for details):
• Ground floor
2
= 120 kg/m
• First, second floor and roof floor (indoor area)
2
= 140 kg/m
• Second floor roof
2
= 30 kg/m
• Roof floor (outdoor area)
2
= 60 kg/m
2
140 kg/m
Figure 5-20. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building First Floor Area [kg; m]
2
140 kg/m

Page : 69
-----kg/m2
2
30 kg/m
2
30 kg/m
Figure 5-21. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building Second Floor Area [kg; m]
2
140 kg/m
2
30 kg/m
2
60 kg/m
Figure 5-22. Display Input Superimposed Dead Load for Library Building Roof Floor Area [kg; m]
5.3 Review Terms of Dynamic Analysis
According to SNI-03-1726-2012 article 6.1.1 irregular building structures can be plotted against the
nominal earthquake loading due to the influence of the earthquake plan in each direction of the main
axis of the structure plan, in the form of equivalent static nominal earthquake load.
From analysis program obtained the deformation/movement for Library Building as follows:
Figure 5-23. Mode Shape 1 of Library Building, periode T = 0.6159

Page : 70
Figure 5-24. Mode Shape 2 of Library Building, period T = 0.4008
Figure 5-25. Mode Shape 1 of Drop Off, period T = 0.8672
Figure 5-26. Mode Shape 2 of Drop Off, period T = 0.7457

Page : 71
Table 5-2. Modal Participating Mass Ratios

Mode Period UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ RX RY RZ SumRX SumRY SumRZ
1 0.603 58.021 0.000 0.000 58.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 98.400 0.055 0.000 98.400 0.055
2 0.402 0.000 55.940 0.000 58.021 55.940 0.000 96.662 0.000 0.156 96.662 98.400 0.211
3 0.343 0.039 0.028 0.000 58.060 55.967 0.000 0.019 0.028 49.256 96.681 98.428 49.467
4 0.224 2.403 0.658 0.000 60.462 56.626 0.000 0.494 0.132 2.601 97.174 98.560 52.068
5 0.218 3.239 1.235 0.000 63.701 57.861 0.000 0.868 0.069 0.149 98.042 98.629 52.217
6 0.202 0.705 1.076 0.000 64.406 58.937 0.000 0.556 0.001 0.922 98.599 98.630 53.139
7 0.186 0.055 1.475 0.000 64.461 60.412 0.000 0.398 0.001 2.900 98.997 98.632 56.039
8 0.174 0.024 0.885 0.000 64.485 61.297 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.885 98.997 98.632 56.923
9 0.164 1.157 0.098 0.000 65.642 61.395 0.000 0.080 0.004 0.278 99.077 98.636 57.201
10 0.158 0.393 0.181 0.000 66.035 61.577 0.000 0.067 0.001 0.817 99.144 98.637 58.018
11 0.149 0.115 0.182 0.000 66.150 61.758 0.000 0.052 0.000 0.871 99.195 98.637 58.889
12 0.127 0.793 0.167 0.000 66.943 61.925 0.000 0.001 0.005 0.004 99.196 98.641 58.893
13 0.122 0.059 3.066 0.000 67.001 64.991 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.106 99.200 98.643 58.999
14 0.118 0.035 0.295 0.000 67.037 65.286 0.000 0.000 0.001 1.021 99.200 98.644 60.020
15 0.113 0.000 0.148 0.000 67.037 65.434 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.064 99.202 98.644 60.083
16 0.103 0.794 0.002 0.000 67.831 65.435 0.000 0.002 0.010 0.001 99.204 98.654 60.084
17 0.101 0.015 0.829 0.000 67.846 66.265 0.000 0.039 0.000 0.004 99.243 98.654 60.088
18 0.099 0.001 0.000 0.000 67.847 66.265 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.054 99.243 98.654 60.142
19 0.095 1.082 0.011 0.000 68.929 66.275 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.066 99.246 98.658 60.208
20 0.095 0.082 0.136 0.000 69.012 66.411 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.009 99.249 98.658 60.216
21 0.090 0.009 0.062 0.000 69.020 66.473 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.007 99.255 98.658 60.223
22 0.089 0.000 0.015 0.000 69.020 66.488 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.402 99.255 98.658 60.625
23 0.089 0.002 0.908 0.000 69.022 67.395 0.000 0.027 0.000 0.013 99.282 98.658 60.637
24 0.089 1.518 0.008 0.000 70.541 67.404 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.002 99.282 98.663 60.640
25 0.087 0.000 0.010 0.000 70.541 67.414 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.016 99.283 98.663 60.656
26 0.087 0.000 0.253 0.000 70.541 67.667 0.000 0.013 0.000 0.004 99.295 98.663 60.659
27 0.079 0.230 0.002 0.000 70.772 67.668 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.084 99.296 98.663 60.744
28 0.078 0.001 0.198 0.000 70.773 67.867 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.703 99.310 98.663 61.446
29 0.076 0.176 0.008 0.000 70.949 67.874 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.025 99.310 98.665 61.471
30 0.075 0.000 0.011 0.000 70.949 67.886 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.311 98.665 61.472

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31 0.071 0.099 0.067 0.000 71.048 67.953 0.000 0.006 0.001 0.006 99.316 98.666 61.479
32 0.069 0.105 0.143 0.000 71.153 68.096 0.000 0.011 0.001 0.761 99.328 98.667 62.240
33 0.069 0.006 0.566 0.000 71.160 68.663 0.000 0.050 0.000 0.062 99.378 98.667 62.302
34 0.066 0.062 0.000 0.000 71.222 68.663 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.229 99.378 98.667 62.531
35 0.065 0.036 0.029 0.000 71.258 68.692 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 99.381 98.667 62.531
36 0.064 0.078 0.027 0.000 71.336 68.719 0.000 0.004 0.001 0.079 99.385 98.667 62.610
37 0.063 0.007 0.044 0.000 71.343 68.762 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.014 99.389 98.667 62.625
38 0.062 0.031 0.327 0.000 71.374 69.089 0.000 0.032 0.001 0.015 99.421 98.668 62.640
39 0.061 0.000 0.079 0.000 71.374 69.168 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.017 99.432 98.668 62.657
40 0.061 0.032 0.008 0.000 71.406 69.176 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.126 99.432 98.668 62.783
41 0.060 0.076 0.027 0.000 71.482 69.203 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.098 99.432 98.669 62.881
42 0.060 0.020 0.010 0.000 71.502 69.212 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.207 99.432 98.669 63.087
43 0.059 0.000 0.002 0.000 71.502 69.214 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.259 99.433 98.669 63.346
44 0.058 0.011 0.014 0.000 71.513 69.228 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.048 99.434 98.670 63.394
45 0.057 0.010 0.003 0.000 71.523 69.232 0.000 0.003 0.001 0.183 99.437 98.670 63.577
46 0.056 0.008 0.009 0.000 71.531 69.240 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.059 99.438 98.671 63.636
47 0.055 0.007 0.004 0.000 71.538 69.244 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.193 99.438 98.671 63.829
48 0.054 0.005 0.930 0.000 71.543 70.173 0.000 0.051 0.000 0.609 99.489 98.671 64.438
49 0.053 0.178 0.000 0.000 71.721 70.174 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.046 99.489 98.671 64.484
50 0.052 0.000 0.042 0.000 71.721 70.216 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.010 99.492 98.671 64.494
51 0.050 0.009 0.540 0.000 71.730 70.755 0.000 0.026 0.001 1.068 99.518 98.672 65.562
52 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.756 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.518 98.672 65.564
53 0.049 0.000 0.005 0.000 71.730 70.761 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 99.518 98.672 65.572
54 0.049 0.000 0.009 0.000 71.730 70.770 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.023 99.518 98.672 65.595
55 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.770 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.518 98.672 65.596
56 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.770 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.518 98.672 65.596
57 0.049 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.770 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.518 98.672 65.596
58 0.049 0.000 0.013 0.000 71.730 70.783 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.037 99.519 98.672 65.633
59 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.783 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.519 98.672 65.633
60 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.784 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.519 98.672 65.633
61 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.784 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.519 98.672 65.633
62 0.048 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.730 70.784 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.519 98.672 65.633
63 0.048 0.016 0.013 0.000 71.746 70.797 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.259 99.520 98.673 65.892
64 0.047 0.002 0.010 0.000 71.748 70.807 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.020 99.520 98.673 65.912
65 0.047 0.002 0.000 0.000 71.750 70.807 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.520 98.673 65.913
66 0.046 0.003 0.033 0.000 71.753 70.840 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.165 99.522 98.673 66.078
67 0.046 0.000 0.002 0.000 71.753 70.843 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.044 99.522 98.673 66.122
68 0.046 0.000 0.051 0.000 71.753 70.893 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.089 99.523 98.673 66.211
69 0.046 0.001 0.006 0.000 71.753 70.899 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 99.523 98.674 66.231
70 0.046 0.001 0.001 0.000 71.755 70.899 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.523 98.674 66.231
71 0.046 0.006 0.004 0.000 71.761 70.903 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.026 99.524 98.674 66.257
72 0.044 0.000 0.779 0.000 71.761 71.682 0.000 0.020 0.000 0.872 99.544 98.674 67.129
73 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.762 71.682 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.544 98.674 67.129
74 0.043 0.012 0.009 0.000 71.774 71.691 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.544 98.674 67.130
75 0.043 0.000 0.025 0.000 71.774 71.716 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.044 99.545 98.674 67.174
76 0.042 0.003 0.162 0.000 71.777 71.878 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.260 99.548 98.674 67.434
77 0.042 0.002 0.008 0.000 71.779 71.886 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.020 99.548 98.674 67.454
78 0.041 0.016 0.030 0.000 71.795 71.916 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.057 99.548 98.674 67.511
79 0.039 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.795 71.916 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.548 98.674 67.511
80 0.039 0.000 0.001 0.000 71.795 71.917 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.549 98.674 67.511
81 0.038 0.016 0.000 0.000 71.811 71.917 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.549 98.674 67.511
82 0.037 0.000 0.141 0.000 71.811 72.058 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.001 99.559 98.674 67.512
83 0.037 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.811 72.058 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 99.559 98.674 67.518
84 0.037 0.000 0.028 0.000 71.811 72.085 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 99.561 98.674 67.518
85 0.036 0.000 0.088 0.000 71.811 72.173 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.001 99.569 98.674 67.519
86 0.036 0.000 0.036 0.000 71.811 72.210 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.001 99.573 98.674 67.520
87 0.036 0.000 0.001 0.000 71.811 72.211 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.046 99.573 98.674 67.566
88 0.036 0.007 0.000 0.000 71.818 72.211 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 99.573 98.674 67.568
89 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.818 72.211 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.573 98.674 67.568
90 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.818 72.211 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.573 98.674 67.568

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91 0.035 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.818 72.212 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.573 98.674 67.568
92 0.035 0.000 0.129 0.000 71.818 72.340 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.001 99.582 98.674 67.569
93 0.035 0.000 0.017 0.000 71.818 72.357 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.028 99.583 98.674 67.597
94 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.818 72.357 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.674 67.597
95 0.034 0.004 0.002 0.000 71.823 72.358 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 99.583 98.674 67.599
96 0.034 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.823 72.359 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.674 67.599
97 0.033 0.003 0.000 0.000 71.825 72.359 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.674 67.599
98 0.032 0.001 0.000 0.000 71.826 72.359 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 98.674 67.600
99 0.032 0.001 0.000 0.000 71.827 72.359 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.675 67.600
100 0.031 0.004 0.001 0.000 71.831 72.360 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 98.675 67.601
101 0.031 0.010 0.000 0.000 71.840 72.360 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 99.583 98.675 67.602
102 0.031 0.051 0.000 0.000 71.891 72.360 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.602
103 0.030 0.002 0.000 0.000 71.894 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 98.677 67.603
104 0.030 0.004 0.000 0.000 71.897 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.603
105 0.029 0.000 0.000 0.000 71.897 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.603
106 0.029 0.001 0.000 0.000 71.898 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.603
107 0.029 0.005 0.000 0.000 71.903 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.604
108 0.028 0.001 0.000 0.000 71.904 72.361 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.604
109 0.028 0.002 0.003 0.000 71.906 72.364 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 99.583 98.677 67.606
110 0.027 0.001 0.000 0.000 71.908 72.365 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.677 67.607
111 0.027 0.032 0.000 0.000 71.939 72.365 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 99.583 98.679 67.607
112 0.027 0.026 0.001 0.000 71.965 72.366 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.005 99.583 98.680 67.612
113 0.027 0.001 0.004 0.000 71.966 72.371 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 99.583 98.680 67.617
114 0.026 0.002 0.000 0.000 71.968 72.371 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.680 67.617
115 0.026 0.008 0.000 0.000 71.975 72.371 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.680 67.617
116 0.026 0.187 0.000 0.000 72.162 72.371 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 99.583 98.688 67.617
117 0.025 0.000 0.000 0.000 72.162 72.371 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.688 67.617
118 0.025 0.004 0.002 0.000 72.166 72.372 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 99.583 98.688 67.620
119 0.025 0.000 0.004 0.000 72.166 72.377 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 99.583 98.688 67.626
120 0.025 0.029 0.000 0.000 72.195 72.377 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 99.583 98.690 67.626
121 0.025 0.004 0.000 0.000 72.199 72.377 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 98.690 67.627
122 0.024 0.007 0.000 0.000 72.206 72.377 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.583 98.690 67.627
123 0.024 0.003 0.001 0.000 72.210 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 98.690 67.628
124 0.024 0.868 0.000 0.000 73.078 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.040 0.001 99.583 98.730 67.629
125 0.024 0.083 0.000 0.000 73.161 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 99.583 98.734 67.629
126 0.024 0.105 0.000 0.000 73.266 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.002 99.583 98.739 67.631
127 0.023 0.092 0.000 0.000 73.358 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 99.583 98.743 67.631
128 0.023 0.793 0.000 0.000 74.151 72.378 0.000 0.000 0.038 0.001 99.583 98.781 67.632
129 0.023 4.569 0.000 0.000 78.720 72.379 0.000 0.000 0.215 0.000 99.583 98.996 67.632
130 0.023 21.045 0.000 0.000 99.765 72.379 0.000 0.000 0.991 0.006 99.583 99.988 67.638
131 0.023 0.000 0.001 0.000 99.765 72.380 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.583 99.988 67.639
132 0.022 0.000 0.009 0.000 99.765 72.388 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.639
133 0.022 0.000 0.004 0.000 99.765 72.392 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.584 99.988 67.640
134 0.022 0.003 0.001 0.000 99.769 72.393 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 99.584 99.988 67.644
135 0.022 0.001 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.393 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
136 0.022 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.393 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
137 0.021 0.000 0.001 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
138 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
139 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644

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140 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
141 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
142 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.770 72.394 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
143 0.021 0.001 0.001 0.000 99.771 72.395 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.644
144 0.021 0.001 0.002 0.000 99.772 72.397 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.013 99.584 99.988 67.657
145 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.772 72.397 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.657
146 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.772 72.397 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.657
147 0.020 0.000 0.001 0.000 99.772 72.398 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.584 99.988 67.658
148 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.772 72.398 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.584 99.988 67.658
149 0.020 0.000 1.511 0.000 99.772 73.908 0.000 0.023 0.000 0.029 99.607 99.988 67.687
150 0.020 0.000 25.243 0.000 99.772 99.152 0.000 0.381 0.000 0.003 99.988 99.988 67.690
151 0.020 0.000 0.017 0.000 99.772 99.169 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 99.988 99.988 67.693
152 0.020 0.000 0.081 0.000 99.772 99.250 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.068 99.989 99.988 67.761
153 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.772 99.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 99.989 99.988 67.770
154 0.019 0.001 0.003 0.000 99.773 99.253 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.171 99.989 99.988 67.941
155 0.019 0.036 0.011 0.000 99.809 99.264 0.000 0.000 0.002 29.692 99.990 99.990 97.633
156 0.019 0.001 0.001 0.000 99.810 99.264 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.587 99.990 99.990 98.219
157 0.019 0.000 0.015 0.000 99.810 99.279 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.046 99.990 99.990 99.266
158 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.810 99.280 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.990 99.990 99.266
159 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.810 99.280 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 99.990 99.990 99.272
160 0.019 0.000 0.001 0.000 99.810 99.281 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.990 99.990 99.272
161 0.019 0.000 0.006 0.000 99.810 99.287 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.990 99.990 99.273
162 0.019 0.000 0.010 0.000 99.810 99.297 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.039 99.990 99.990 99.312
163 0.019 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.811 99.297 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.990 99.990 99.312
164 0.018 0.000 0.002 0.000 99.811 99.299 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.990 99.990 99.312
165 0.018 0.000 0.014 0.000 99.811 99.313 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.990 99.990 99.313
166 0.018 0.000 0.040 0.000 99.811 99.353 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.013 99.991 99.990 99.326
167 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.811 99.353 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.991 99.990 99.327
168 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.811 99.353 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 99.991 99.990 99.328
169 0.018 0.000 0.023 0.000 99.811 99.376 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.022 99.991 99.990 99.350
170 0.018 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.811 99.376 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 99.991 99.990 99.350
5.4 Check of PMM Ratio
LRFD (Load and Resistance Factor Design) method is used to calculate the structural members. To
ensure structural integrity, the PMM ratio should be less than 1.00. From program output that shown
on figure below, the stress ratio of concrete structural element still less than 1.00.
Figure 5-27. Display of Concrete PMM Ratio of Library Building

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Figure 5-28. Display of Concrete PMM Ratio of Drop Off
Table 5-3. Column PMM Ratio Summary of Library Building

Story ColLine SecID StnLoc DesignOpt PMMCombo AsMin As PMMRatio
GROUND C76 K800X1200 0 Check LRFDD508 0.0096 0.01964 0.495
1 C187 K300X450A 5.2 Check LRFDD504 0.0014 0.00284 0.696
2 C187 K300X450A 0 Check LRFDD504 0.0014 0.00284 0.678
ROOF C142 K400X600 0 Check LRFDD508 0.0024 0.00491 0.948
TOP C72 K800X1200 5.2 Check LRFDD508 0.0096 0.01964 0.6
Table 5-4. Load Combination for Column PMM Ratio Design (LRFD)
Combo Case Factor CaseType

LRFDD101 DEAD 1.4 Static
LRFDD101 SDL 1.4 Static
LRFDD201 LIVE 1.6 Static
LRFDD201 LR 0.5 Static
LRFDD201 BOOK 1.6 Static
LRFDD301 LIVE 1 Static
LRFDD301 BOOK 1 Static
LRFDD302 WX 0.5 Static
LRFDD303 WY 0.5 Static

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LRFDD401 WX 1 Static
LRFDD402 WY 1 Static
LRFDD501 SQX 1 Spectrum
LRFDD501 SQY 0.3 Spectrum
LRFDD502 SQX -1 Spectrum
LRFDD503 SQY -0.3 Spectrum

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LRFDD505 SQX 0.3 Spectrum
LRFDD505 SQY 1 Spectrum
LRFDD506 SQX -0.3 Spectrum
LRFDD507 SQY -1 Spectrum
LRFDD601 WX 1 Static
LRFDD602 WY 1 Static

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Table 5-5. Load Combination for Column PMM Ratio Design (ASD)

ASDD101 DEAD 1 Static
ASDD101 SDL 1 Static
ASDD201 LIVE 1 Static
ASDD201 BOOK 1 Static

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ASDD401 LIVE 0.75 Static
ASDD401 LR 0.75 Static
ASDD401 BOOK 0.75 Static
ASDD501A DEAD 1 Static
ASDD501A SDL 1 Static
ASDD501A WX 0.6 Static
ASDD502A WY 0.6 Static
ASDD501B DEAD 1.1142 Static
ASDD501B SDL 1.1142 Static
ASDD501B SQX 0.7 Spectrum
ASDD501B SQY 0.21 Spectrum
ASDD502B SQX -0.7 Spectrum
ASDD503B SQY -0.21 Spectrum

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ASDD601A LIVE 0.75 Static
ASDD601A LR 0.75 Static
ASDD601A BOOK 0.75 Static
ASDD601B LIVE 0.75 Static
ASDD601B BOOK 0.75 Static

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ASDD701 DEAD 0.6 Static
ASDD701 SDL 0.6 Static
ASDD701 WX 0.6 Static
ASDD702 WY 0.6 Static
ASDD703 WX 0.45 Static
ASDD703 WY 0.45 Static
ASDD801 SQX 0.7 Spectrum
ASDD801 SQY 0.21 Spectrum

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ASDD802 SQX -0.7 Spectrum
ASDD803 SQY -0.21 Spectrum
5.5 Story Drift
Story drift for Library Building will be calculated in the following section.
5.5.1 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load (ASCE 7-10 Chapter 12.8.6)
The design story drift (∆) shall be computed as the difference of the deflections at the centers of mass
at the top and bottom of the story under consideration. See Figure 5-29. Where centers of mass do
not align vertically, it is permitted to compute the deflection at the bottom of the story based on the
vertical projection of the center of mass at the top of the story. Where allowable stress design is used,
∆ shall be computed using the strength level seismic forces specified in Section 12.8 without
reduction for allowable stress design.
For structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E, or F having horizontal irregularity Type
1a or 1b of Table 2-15, the design story drift, ∆, shall be computed as the largest difference of the
deflections of vertically aligned points at the top and bottom of the story under consideration along any
of the edges of the structure.

Page : 83
The deflection at Level x (δx) (in. or mm) used to compute the design story drift, ∆, shall be determined
in accordance with the following equation:
………………………………………………………………………(ASCE 7-10 Eq. 12.8-15)
Where:
Cd = the deflection amplification factor in Table 2-14

δxe = the deflection at the location required by this section determined by an elastic analysis
Ie = the importance factor determined in accordance with section 2.3.5 (a)
Figure 5-29 Story Drift Determination (ASCE 7-10 Figure 12.8-2)
Table 5-6 Allowable Story Drift, Δa

a,b
(ASCE 7-10 Table 12.12-1)

Page : 84
Figure 5-30 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load
Table 5-7 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load

Story Displacement
Height Actual Drift (mm) Allow. Drift (mm) Check
Story x y Cd
mm mm mm x y x y x y
Ground 0 0 0 5.5 0 0 0 0 - -
1 5150 4.4383 5.9698 5.5 24.41065 32.8339 128.75 128.75 OK! OK!
2 5150 9.3661 8.3399 5.5 51.51355 45.86945 128.75 128.75 OK! OK!
Story Displacement
Height Actual Drift (mm) Allow. Drift (mm) Check
Story x y Cd
mm mm mm x y x y x y
Ground 0 0 0 5.5 0 0 0 0 - -
1 5150 4.4505 4.5784 5.5 24.47775 25.1812 128.75 128.75 OK! OK!
2 5150 9.4381 10.4072 5.5 51.90955 57.2396 128.75 128.75 OK! OK!
3 5150 13.5261 12.1844 5.5 74.39355 67.0142 128.75 128.75 OK! OK!
5.5.2 Story Drift Due to Wind Load (ASCE 7-10 CC.1.2)
Drifts (lateral deflections) of concern in serviceability checking arise primarily from the effects of wind.
Drift limits in common usage for building design are on the order of 1/600 to 1/400 of the building or
story height (ASCE Task Committee on Drift Control of Steel Building Structures 1988 and Griffis
1993.
Table 5-8 Story Drift Due to Wind Load

Story Displacement Story-Drift
Height Drift Check Check
Story x y x y
mm mm mm mm mm h/400 x y
Ground 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
1 5150 0.6616 0.6463 0.6616 0.6463 12.875 OK! OK!
2 5150 1.1848 2.2165 0.5232 1.5702 12.875 OK! OK!
Story Displacement Story-Drift

Height Drift Check Check
Story x y x y
mm mm mm mm mm h/400 x y
Ground 0 0 0 0 0 0 - -
1 5150 4.4505 4.5784 4.4505 4.5784 12.875 OK! OK!
2 5150 9.4381 10.4072 4.9876 5.8288 12.875 OK! OK!
3 5150 13.5261 12.1844 4.088 1.7772 12.875 OK! OK!

Page : 85
6 BEAM DESIGN
6.1 Beam Reinforcement Calculation
Beam reinforcement determined by calculating the internal force for each beam member based on
Special Moment Frame requirement by ACI 318M-11. Tie beam, beam and ring beam calculated
separately depend on beam function and dimension. One example of calculation sheet and summary
of all beam calculation reinforcement will be displayed in the following section. The beam in example
st
is B1A with dimension 700x1300 at 1 floor as shown as below.
st
Figure 6-1 Plan Section of 1 floor
st
Figure 6-2 Section A of 1 Floor

Page : 86
Beam for example
st
Figure 6-3 Section B for 1 Floor
st
Figure 6-4 Member schedule of 1 Floor

Page : 87
6.1.1 B1A (700mm x 1300mm)
If you can insert the beam layout from SANS, showing the beam number B1714, it would be
great.
Figure 6-5 B1A Moment 3-3 Diagram (kgf;m)
+
Value of Mu at support cannot be displayed as a Moment 3-3 Diagram due to software limitation. The
value will be shown on the calculation sheet. The maximum moment value is from Load Combination
number 5 for the basics load combination for concrete from chapter 2.8 with specified seismic effect is
considered, the combination is (1.2 + 0.2SDS) D + QE + L. The calculation sheet will be displayed on
the next page and the forces from combination is as shown as below.

Page : 88

Page : 89
Calculation Sheet
Beam Reinforcement for Special Moment Frames
i) Moments and torsion from maximum moment at LRFD gravity+ earthquake combinations
M u - support = 2804 kN-m (minimum factored moment at support)
M u + support = 575 kN-m (maximum factored moment at support)
M u - midspan = 0 kN-m (minimum factored moment at midspan)
+
M u midspan = 2225 kN-m (maximum factored moment at midspan)
Tu Mmax = 134 kN-m (factored torsional moment at moment maximum)
ii) Maximum shear from combination 1.2D + 1.0 L

Vg = 867.95 kN (shear force at section due to 1.2D + 1.0L)
ii) Maximum torsion at LRFD gravity+ earthquake combinations

T u Tmax = 456.88 kN-m (maximum factored torsion moment at LRFD gravity +
earthquake combinations)
3. Flexural members requirement for special moments frame, ch 21.5.1.1 - 21.5.1.4 ACI 318M-11
i) Factored axial compressive force on the member, P u , shall not exceed 0.1 A g f c ′.
Pu = 0.000 kN (factored axial compressive force)
0.1 A g f c ′ = 0.1 x 700 x 1300 x 25 /1000
= 227.5 kN > Pu OK!
ii) Clear span for member, ln, shall not be less than four times its effective depth.
Assumed to be 1 layer of bar.
d = h-c c -d b trans. - 1/2d b long. (distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid
of longitudinal tension reinforcement)
= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 1/2x25
d = 1234.5 mm Column width parallel to beam = 1200 mm
ln = 15000 - (0.5 x 1200) - (0.5 x 1200) =13800 mm (clear span for member)
ln /d = 13800 / 1234.5
= 11.18 > 4 OK!
iii)b w / h shall not be less than 0.3 and b w shall not be less than 250 mm.
b w /h = 700 / 1300
0.54 > 0.3 OK!
and,
bw = 700 mm > 250 mm OK!
iv) Width of member, b w , shall not exceed width of supporting member, c 2

bw = 700 mm
c2 = 800 mm (dimension of column that perpendicular to beam)
c2 = 800 mm > bw OK!

Page : 90
Calculation Sheet
4. Required Bar Calculations for Flexural Moment
4.1. Top Bar at Support (M u - support )

Assumed to be 2 layers of bar, and as a simplification (conservative) compression bars ignored for the
calculation of bending moment.
d = h-c c -d b trans. -d b long .-1/2s c (distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid
of longitudinal tension reinforcement)
= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40
d = 1202 mm
Assumption :
Refer to MacGregor, J. G., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design , 3rd edition, Section 4-3
j = 0.85 (coefficient of arm moment)
A s req = Mu /(φ flexure f y jd)
= 2804 E+06 / (0.9 x 400 x 0.85 x 1202)
A s req = 7624 mm2
Used 2 Layer 8+7 D25

-
A s - support = area of longitudinal reinforcement at Mu support
- 2
A s support = 15 x 1/4 x π x (25^2) = 7363 mm
d = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40 = 1202 mm
Force equilibrium:
Cc = T (chapter 7 equation 1 PCA Notes on 318-05)
0.85f c ' b w a = A s f y
a = A s f y /(0.85f c ' b w )
Where:
Cc = compression force of concrete
T = tension force of steel
a = depth of equivalent rectangular stress block
a = 7363 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 198 mm
Check of actual nominal moment (φ M n - support ):

φ M n - support = φ A s f y (d-a/2) (chapter 7 equation 2 PCA Notes on 318-05)
= 0.9 x 7363 x 400 x (1202 - 198/2) x10E-06
φ M n - support = 2924 kN-m
-
> M u support OK!
Check As minimum refer to Equation 10-3 ACI 318M-11:

A s,min = 0.25( √ f c ')b w d/f y but shall not less than 1.4 b w d/f y
= 0.25 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 / 400 > 1.4 x 700 x 1202 / 400
= 2629 < 2945
2 -
max A s,min 2945 mm < A s support OK!

Page : 91
Calculation Sheet
Check bar ratio shall not exceed 0.025 (refer to Chapter 21.5.2.1 ACI 318M-11):
Asfy = ρ b w df y (chapter 7 equation 1 PCA Notes on 318-05)
ρ = A s /(b w d) = 7363 / (700 x 1202) = 0.008751 < 0.025 OK!
ρb = β 1 0.85f c '/fy x (600/(600+fy)) (equation B-1 ACI 318M-11)
= 0.85 x 0.85 x 25 / 400 x (600 / (600 + 400))
ρb = 0.027094
Limit for maximum reinforcements is ρ <0.75 ρ b refer to R10.3.5 ACI 318M-11
ρ < 0.75 ρ b
0.008751 < 0.02032 OK!
Where:
ρ = ratio to A s to bd
ρb = ratio to A s to bd producing balanced strain conditions
tension-controlled check:
dt = h-c c -d b trans. -1/2d b long . (distance from compression fiber to centroid of
= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 1/2x25 extreme layer of longitudinal tension steel)
dt = 1234.5 mm
Refer to MacGregor, J. G., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design , 3rd edition, Section 4-3:
a/d t = 198 / 1234.5 = 0.1604
a tcl /d t = 0.375 β1 = 0.375 x 0.85 = 0.3188
a/d t < a tcl /d t hence, design of rebar is under-reinforced
(fs=fy)
where a tcl = depth of equivalent rectangular stress block when tension-controlled
4.2. Bottom Bar at Support (M u + support )

ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.5.2.2 require that positive moment strength at joint face shall be not less than
one-half the negative moment strength provided at the face of the joint.
M u + support > 1/2 x negative moment strength at support
> 1/2 x 2924 kN-m = 1462 kN-m
M u + support = 1462 kN-m max(M u + support ; minimum moments requirement)
Assumed to be 2 layers of bar.

d = h-c c -d b trans. -d b long .-1/2s c
= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40
d = 1202 mm
= 1462 E+06 / (0.9 x 400 x 0.85 x 1202)
A s req = 3975 mm2
Used 1 Layer 7 D25

+
A s + support = area of longitudinal reinforcement at Mu support
+ 2
A s support = 7 x 1/4 x π x (25^2) = 3436 mm
d = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 1/2x25 = 1235 mm
a = A s f y /(0.85f c ' b w )
= 3436 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 92 mm

Page : 92
Calculation Sheet
Check of actual nominal moment (φ M n + support ):

φ M n + support = φ A s f y (d-a/2) (chapter 7 equation 2 PCA Notes on 318-05)
= 0.9 x 3436 x 400 x (1234.5 - 92/2) x10E-06
φ M n + support = 1470 kN-m
+
> M u support OK!

= 0.25 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1234.5 / 400 > 1.4 x 700 x 1234.5 / 400
= 2700 < 3025
max A s,min 3025 mm2 +
< A s support OK!
ρ = A s /(b w d) = 3436 / (700 x 1234.5) = 0.003976 < 0.025 OK!
ρ < 0.75 ρ b
0.0039763 < 0.02032 OK!
dt = 1234.5 mm
a/d t = 92 / 1234.5 = 0.0748
a tcl /d t = 0.375 x 0.85 = 0.3188
a/d t < a tcl /d t hence, design of rebar is under-reinforced (fs=fy)
4.3. Top Bar at Midspan (M u - Midspan )

ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.5.2.2 require that neither the negative nor the positive moment strength at
any section along member length shall be less than one-fourth the maximum moment strength
provided at face of either joint.
M u - midspan > 1/4 x largest moment strength at support
> 1/4 x 2924 kN-m = 731 kN-m
M u - midspan = 731 kN-m max(M u - midspan ; minimum moments requirement)

= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40
d = 1202 mm
= 731 E+06 / (0.9 x 400 x 0.85 x 1202)
A s req = 1987 mm2

Page : 93
Calculation Sheet

-
A s - midspan = area of longitudinal reinforcement at Mu midspan
2
A s - midspan = 7 x 1/4 x π x (25^2) = 3436 mm
d = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40 = 1202 mm
a = A s f y /(0.85f c ' b w )
= 3436 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 92 mm
Check of actual nominal moment (φ M n - midspan ):

φ M n - midspan = φ A s f y (d-a/2) (chapter 7 equation 2 PCA Notes on 318-05)
= 0.9 x 3436 x 400 x (1202 - 92/2) x10E-06
φ M n - midspan = 1430 kN-m
-
> M u midspan OK!

= 0.25 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 / 400 > 1.4 x 700 x 1202 / 400
= 2629 < 2945
< A s support OK!
ρ = A s /(b w d) = 3436 / (700 x 1202) = 0.004084 < 0.025 OK!
ρ < 0.75 ρ b
0.004084 < 0.02032 OK!
dt = 1234.5 mm
a/d t = 92 / 1234.5 = 0.0748
a tcl /d t = 0.375 x 0.85 = 0.3188
4.4. Bottom Bar at Midspan (M u + Midspan )

ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.5.2.2 require that neither the negative nor the positive moment strength at
any section along member length shall be less than one-fourth the maximum moment strength
provided at face of either joint.
M u + midspan > 1/4 x largest moment strength at support
> 1/4 x 2924 kN-m = 731 kN-m
M u + midspan = 2225 kN-m max(M u + midspan ; minimum moments requirement)

Page : 94
Calculation Sheet

= 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40
d = 1202 mm
= 2225 E+06 / (0.9 x 400 x 0.85 x 1202)
A s req = 6049 mm2

-
A s + midspan = area of longitudinal reinforcement at Mu midspan
+ 2
A s midspan = 12 x 1/4 x π x (25^2) = 5890 mm
d = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40 = 1202 mm
a = A s f y /(0.85f c ' b w )
= 5890 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 158 mm
Check of actual nominal moment (φ M n + midspan ):

φ M n + midspan = φ A s f y (d-a/2) (chapter 7 equation 2 PCA Notes on 318-05)
= 0.9 x 5890 x 400 x (1202 - 158/2) x10E-06
φ M n midspan =
+
2381 kN-m
+
> M u midspan OK!

= 0.25 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 / 400 > 1.4 x 700 x 1202 / 400
= 2629 < 2945
< A s support OK!
ρ = A s /(b w d) = 5890 / (700 x 1202) = 0.007001 < 0.025 OK!
ρ < 0.75 ρ b
0.007001 < 0.02032 OK!
dt = 1234.5 mm
a/d t = 158 / 1234.5 = 0.1283
a tcl /d t = 0.375 x 0.85 = 0.3188

Page : 95
Calculation Sheet
5. Probable Moment Capacities (M pr )

R21.5.4.2 ACI 318M-11 require that shear design due to earthquake load are calculated by 1.25fy
bending stress of beam reinforcement and reduction factor = 1.
magnification factor to prevent shear failure = 1.25
φ flexure = 1.00
Longitudinal reinforcements to calculate moment capacities are as follow:

A s - support = 7363 mm2 used 2 Layer 8+7 D25
A s + support = 3436 mm2 used 1 Layer 7 D25
5.1. Probable Moment of Top Bar at Support (M pr-support - )

a pr-support - = Magnification Factor x A s f y /( 0.85f c ' b w ) (Chapter 21.3.4 PCA Notes 318-05)
= 1.25 x 7363 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 247 mm
M pr-support - = Magnification Factor x φ A s f y (d-a pr /2)
= 1.25 x 1 x 7363 x 400 x (1202 - 247/2) x10E-06
M pr-support - = 3970 kN-m
5.2. Probable Moment of Bottom Bar at Support (M pr-support + )

a pr-support+ = Magnification Factor x A s f y /( 0.85f c ' b w ) (Chapter 21.3.4 PCA Notes 318-05)
= 1.25 x 3436 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 115 mm
M pr-support+ = Magnification Factor x φ A s f y (d-a pr /2)
= 1.25 x 1 x 3436 x 400 x (1234.5 - 115/2) x10E-06
M pr-support+ = 2022 kN-m
Reinforcement Configurations and Moment Capacities:

Mu As φ Mn M pr
Location Rebar
[kN-m] [mm2] [kN-m] [kN-m]
Top Support (negative) 2804 8+7 D25 7363 2924 3970
Bott. Support (positive) 1462 7 D25 3436 1470 2022
6. Transverse Reinforcement due to Shear

Vg = 867.95 kN (shear force at section due to 1.2D + 1.0L)
V g is automatic calculated by by program and it's equal to (W u ln )/2
ln = 13.8 m
V sway = (M pr-support- + M pr-support+ )/ln
= (3970 + 2022) / 13.8
V sway = 434 kN

Page : 96

Page : 97
Vu = maximum shear from analysis of moment nominal

= max (1302;-434) (V u , factored shear force at section)
Vu = 1302 kN = 1302107 N
φ shear = 0.75
where φVn ≥ Vu (Eq. 11-1 ACI 318M-11)

Vn = Vc + Vs (Eq. 11-2 ACI 318M-11)
hence, (V n , nominal shear strength)

Vs = V u / φ - Vc (V s , nominal shear stress provided by shear reinforcement)
= (1302/0.75) - 0
Vs = 1736.1 kN = 1736143 N
Vs < 2( √ f c ')b w d / 3 = 2 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 E-03/ 3
Vs < 2805 kN OK!
Vs = Avfyd / s (Eq. 11-15 ACI 318M-11)

A v /s = Vs / fyd (A v , area of shear reinforcement within spacing s )
= 1736143 / (400 x 1202)
A v /s = 3.611 mm2/mm
7. Torsion Design Requirements

A cp = bw x h (area enclosed by outside perimeter of concrete cross section)
= 700 x 1300
A cp = 910000 mm2
P cp = 2 x (b w + h ) (outside perimeter of concrete cross section)

= 2 x (700 + 1300)
P cp = 4000 mm
Threshold torsion for nonprestressed member, refer to chapter 11.5.1 ACI 318M-11
≤ φ 0.083λ (√ f c ' )(A cp /P cp )
2
Tu (T u , factored torsional moments at section)
where
λ = 1 (for normal concrete)
Maximum torsion at LRFD gravity+ earthquake combinations

Tu = 456.88 kN-m
Tu ≤ 0.75 x 0.083 x 1 x (25^0.5) x (910000^2 / 4000) = 64436531 N-mm

456.88 > 64.44 kN-m
hence, need torsion reinforcement

Page : 98

Page : 99
Calculation Sheet
8. Transverse Reinforcement due to Torsion

where φTn ≥ Tu (Eq. 11-20 ACI 318M-11)
Tn = T u / φ (T n , nominal torsional moment strength)
= 256.19/0.75
Tn = 341.59 kN-m = 341591250 N
Tn = 2A 0 A t f y cotθ / s (Eq. 11-21 ACI 318M-11)

A t /s = T n / 2A o f y cotθ (A t , area of one leg of a closed stirrup resisting torsion within
spacing s )
Ao = 0.85A oh (A o , gross area enclosed by shear flow path)

= 0.85 x 732649
Ao = 622752 mm2
θ = 45 ° (for normal prestressed member)
A t /s = 341591250 / (2 x 622751.65 x 400 x 1/tan45)

A t /s = 0.686 mm2/mm
9. Design of Transverse Reinforcement due to Shear and Torsion

Required mimimum area of transverse closed stirrup refer to equation 11-23 ACI 318M-11, shall be
computed by:
(Av +2A t ) > 0.062( √ f c ')b w s/f y ,but shall not be less than: (0.35b w s )/f y
(Av +2A t )/s = 3.611 + (2 x 0.686) = 4.982 mm2/mm

0.062( √ f c ')b w /f y = 0.062 x (25^0.5) x 700 / 400 = 0.543 mm2/mm
(0.35b w )/f y = 0.35 x 700 / 400 = 0.613 mm2/mm
(Av +2A t )/s = max(4.982;0.543;0.613)

(Av +2A t )/s = 4.982 mm2/mm
Determined the required spacing of shear-torsional transverse reinforcement

d b trans. = 13 mm
n legs = 6 (number of legs of transverse reinforcements)
A v+t = n legs x 1/4 x π x d b trans. (A v+t , area of shear-tension reinforcement provided)

6 x 1/4 x π x (13^2)
A v+t = 796.4 mm2
s req = A v+t / ((A v +2A t) / s ) (s req , centre to centre required spacing)

= 796.4 / 4.982
s req = 160 mm

Page : 100
Calculation Sheet
Maximum permissible transverse reinforcement: (Refer to ACI 318M-11 ch. 11.5.6.1 & 21.5.3.2)
p h /8 = 3628 / 8 = 454 mm d/4 = 1202 / 4 = 301 mm
maximum spacing = 150 mm 6xdb long = 6 x 25 = 150 mm
s used-support = 150 mm (The lowest spacing between s req and maximum permissible)
for transverse reinforcement at support, use: 3 D13 - 150
10. Design of Transverse Reinforcement at Midspan

V u-mid = 44.86 kN
Vc = ( √ f c ')b w d / 6
Vc = (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 / 6 = 701167 N = 701.17 kN
Minimum area of shear reinforcement, A v,min , shall be provided where V u exceeds 1/2φ V c refer to
ACI 318M-11 Chapter 11.4.6.
1/2 φ V c = 1/2 x 0.75 x 701.17 = 262.94 kN
V u-mid < 1/2 V c Hence, do not required shear reinforcement
Vs = V u-mid / φ - Vc = (44.86 / 0.75) - 701.17

= 0.00 kN
V s shall not be taken greater than 2 x √ f c ' x b w d /3 refer to ACI 318M-11 Chapter 11.7.4.9.
Vs < 2( √ f c ')b w d / 3 = 2 x (25^0.5) x 700 x 1202 E-03/ 3
Vs < 2805 kN OK!
A v /s = Vs / fyd = 0 x 1000 / (400 x 1202) = 0.000 mm2/mm
A cp = 910000 mm2
P cp = 4000 mm
λ = 1 (for normal concrete)
Torsion at midspan
T u -mid = 165.43 kN-m
Threshold torsion for nonprestressed member, refer to chapter 11.5.1 ACI 318M-11
≤ φ 0.083λ (√ f c ' )(A cp /P cp )
2
Tu (T u , factored torsional moments at section)
Tu ≤ 0.75 x 0.083 x 1 x (25^0.5) x (910000^2 / 4000) = 64436531 N-mm
165.43 > 64.44 kN-m
hence, need torsion reinforcement
Torsion type : Compatibility

= 0.33λ (√ f c ' )(A cp /P cp ) =
2
T cr 0.33 x 1 x (25^0.5) x (910000^2 / 4000)
= 341591250 N = 341.59 kN-m

Page : 101
Calculation Sheet
For compatibility torsion, Tu = reduction factor x Tcr

Tu = 0.75 x 341.59 = 256.19 kN-m
A oh = 732649 mm2
ph = 3628 mm
Tn = Tu/φ = 256.19/0.75 = 341.59 kN-m = 341591250 N
Ao = 0.85A oh = 0.85 x 732649 = 622752 mm2

θ = 45 ° (for normal prestressed member)
A t /s = T n / 2A o f y cotθ = 341591250 / (2 x 622751.65 x 400 x 1/tan45)

= 0.686 mm2/mm
Required mimimum area of transverse closed stirrup refer to equation 11-23 ACI 318M-11, shall be
computed by:
(Av +2A t ) > 0.062( √ f c ')b w s/f y ,but shall not be less than: (0.35b w s )/f y
(Av +2A t )/s = 0 + (2 x 0.686) = 1.371 mm2/mm

0.062( √ f c ')b w /f y = 0.062 x (25^0.5) x 700 / 400 = 0.543 mm2/mm
(0.35b w )/f y = 0.35 x 700 / 400 = 0.613 mm2/mm
(Av +2A t )/s = max(1.371;0.543;0.613)

(Av +2A t )/s = 1.371 mm2/mm
Determined the required spacing of shear-torsional transverse reinforcement

d b trans. = 13 mm
n legs = 2 (number of legs of transverse reinforcements)
A v+t = n legs x 1/4 x π x d b trans. = 2 x 1/4 x π x (13^2) = 265.5 mm2

s = A v+t / ((A v +2A t) / s ) = 265.5 / 1.371 = 194 mm
Max. spacing at midspan: s max = d /2 = 1202 / 2 (Refer to Ch.11.4.5.2 ACI 318M-11)

= 601 mm
s req = min(194; 601) = 194 mm
s used-midspan = 200 mm
for transverse reinforcement at midspan, use: D13 - 200

Page : 102
Calculation Sheet
11 Design of Longitudinal Reinforcement due to Torsion

Al = (A t /s)p h( f yt /f y ) cot2θ (Eq. 11-22 ACI 318M-11)
= (0.686) x 3628 x (400/400) (cot^2 (45))
Al = 2488 mm2 (A l , total area of longitudinal rebar to resist torsion)
Used for Longitudinal Torsional Rebar is 1 leg of D13 - 150,

At = 1/4 x π x (13^2) = 133 mm2 ; s = s used-support = 150 mm2
2
A t /s = 133 / 150 = 0.885 mm /mm, should not be taken less than 0.175b w /f yt
2
0.885 > 0.175 x 700 / 400 = 0.306 mm /mm
The minimum total area of longitudinal torsional reinforcement refer to eq. 11-24 ACI 318M-11, shall
be computed by:
A ,min
l = 0.42( √ f c ')A cp /f y - ((A t / s )p h f yt /f y )
= 0.42 x (25^0.5) x 910000 / 400 - ((0.885) x 3628 x 400 / 400)
Al ,min = 1567
Al req = max(2488; 1567) = 2488 mm2
Torsional rebar at side used: 6 D25 with As = 2945 > 2488 mm2 OK!

Page : 103
6.1.2 Beam Reinforcement Calculation Summary
Beam reinforcement calculation summary for all beam type shown in the following table and drawing:
Table 6-1 Beam Reinforcement Calculation Summary

Schedule Schedule
Name Type Dimension Section Name Type Dimension Section
Support Middle Support Middle
Top 3 D19 3 D19 Top 4+4 D19 4 D19
Side bar - - Side bar 4 D19 4 D19
TB1 Tie Beam 350x700 B5 Beam 350x600
Bottom bar 3 D19 3 D19 Bottom bar 4 D19 4+3 D19
Stirrup D10 - 100 D10 - 200 Stirrup D10 - 150 D10 - 200
Top 2 D19 2 D19 Top 3+3 D19 3 D19
Side bar 4 D10 4 D10 Side bar 2 D10 2 D10
TB2 Tie Beam 350x500 B6 Beam 250x400
Bottom bar 2 D19 2 D19 Bottom bar 3 D19 3 D19
Top 8+7 D25 5+2 D25 Top 4+4 D25 4 D25
B1A Beam 700x1300 RB1 Ring Beam 550x950
Bottom bar 7 D25 7+5 D25 Bottom bar 4 D25 4+2 D25
Stirrup 3D13 - 150 D13-200 Stirrup 2D13 - 150 D13 - 200
Top 7+4 D25 7 D25 Top 5+3 D19 5 D19
B1B Beam 700x1300 RB2 Ring Beam 450x850
Stirrup 3D13 - 150 D13 - 200 Stirrup 2D10 - 100 D10 - 200
Top 4+3 D25 4 D25 Top 3+2 D19 3 D19
B2 Beam 550x950 RB3 Ring Beam 350x700
Bottom bar 4 D25 4+2 D25 Bottom bar 3 D19 3 D19
Stirrup 2D13 - 100 D13 - 200 Stirrup D10 - 100 D10 - 200
Top 5+2 D25 3 D25 Top 4+3 D19 2 D19
B3 Beam 450x850 RB4 Ring Beam 350x500
Top 3+2 D19 3 D19 Top 2 D19 2 D19
B4A Beam 350x700 RB5 Ring Beam 200x400
Top 4+4 D19 3 D19 Top 2 D13 2 D13
Side bar 6 D13 6 D13 Side bar - -
B4B Beam 350x700 RB6 Ring Beam 150x250
Top 4+2 D19 3 D19
Side bar 6 D13 6 D13
B4C Beam 350x700
Bottom bar 3 D19 3+2 D19
Stirrup D13 - 100 D13 - 200

Page : 104
Figure 6-6 Tie Beam Schedule
Figure 6-7 Beam Schedule

Page : 105
Figure 6-8 Beam Schedule (cont.)
Figure 6-9 Ring Beam Schedule

Page : 106
Figure 6-10 Ring Beam Schedule (cont.)
6.2 Check of Displacement
Displacement check of Library Building structure due to service combination [1DL + 1SDL + 1 LIVE]:
cantilever
δ max = L/240 δ max = L/180

Figure 6-11. Axial Diagram of Library Building

Page : 107
Table 6-2 Beam Displacement for Library Building (Beam 700x1300)

Deflection fromETABS Beam Span Allowable Deflection
Beam Dimension U3 L Lall Remarks
(mm) (mm) (mm)
Beam 700x1300 6.571 15000 62.50 OK
Table 6-3. Beam Displacement of Library Building

Allowable Actual
Name Type Dimension (mm) Span Distance (mm) Check
Deflection (mm) Deflection (mm)
TB1 Tie Beam 350x700 Simple Span 7500 31.25 0.46 OK!
TB2 Tie Beam 350x500 Simple Span 3175 13.23 0.25 OK!
B1A Beam 700x1300 Simple Span 15000 62.50 6.57 OK!
B1B Beam 700x1300 Simple Span 15000 62.50 3.94 OK!
B2 Beam 550x950 Simple Span 15000 62.50 10.15 OK!
B4A Beam 350x700 Simple Span 7500 31.3 0.44 OK!
B4B Beam 350x700 Simple Span 7500 31.25 1.77 OK!
B4B Beam 350x700 Canti. Span 2400 13.33 0.35 OK!
B4C Beam 350x700 Simple Span 7500 31.25 1.24 OK!
B5 Beam 350x600 Canti. Span 2400 13.33 0.35 OK!
RB1 Ring Beam 550x950 Simple Span 15000 62.50 5.75 OK!
Table 6-4. Beam Displacement of Drop Off

Beam Distance Allowable Deflection Actual Deflection
No. Beam Type Remark
Dimention (mm) (mm) (mm)
1 IWF 350x175x7x11 Simple Span 15000 62.5 41.95 OK
2 H 125x125x6.5x9 Simple Span 1450 6.0 0.01 OK

Page : 108
7 COLUMN DESIGN
Column design is calculated based on Special Moment Frame requirement by ACI 318M-11. One
example of calculation sheet and summary of all column design will be displayed in the following
section.
7.1 Column C1 1200x800 (Interior)
Figure 7-1 Column C1 (1200x800)
Column design calculation for C1 Column (1200x800) will be displayed in the next page.

Page : 109

Page : 110
Calculation Sheet
Special Moment Frame Design of Concrete Column
A rebar = 0.25 x 3.14 x 25^2

2
= 490.87 mm
A st = n x A rebar
= 40 x 490.87
2
A st = 19634.95 mm
Based on ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.6.3 area of longitudinal reinforcement shall not less than 0.01 Ag or
more than 0.06 Ag
ρg = A s t /A g
= 19634.95 / 960000 = 0.0205
0.01 < ρ g < 0.06
0.01 < 0.0205 < 0.06 OK!
4. Strong Column Weak Beam

Based on ACI 318M chapter 21.6.2.2 the flexural strength of the column shall satisfy equation ∑Mnc ≥
(6/5)∑Mnb.
4.1. Left-Beam Capacy

Type = B1
l = 15 m (span length of beam)
b w- l = 700 mm (web width beam 1)
hl = 1300 mm (overall thickness or height of member 1)
f c ' -beam = 25 MPa (specified compressive strength of concrete)

β1 = 0.85 (factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compres stress
block to neutral axis depth, chapter 10.2.7.3 ACI 318M-11)
d b trans. = 13 mm (nominal diameter of transversal bar)
sc = 40 mm (clear spacing between bars)
cc = 40 mm (clear cover of reinforcement, chapter 7.7.1 ACI 318M-11)
Top Reinforcement of Left Beam

Layer d b long. n
1 25 8 A s l-t = 15 x 1/4 x pi x 25^2 = 7363 mm2
2 25 7 d l-t = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 25 - 1/2x40 = 1202 mm
Bottom Reinforcement of Left Beam

Layer d b long. n
1 25 7 A s l-b = 7 x 1/4 x pi x 25^2 = 3436 mm2
2 25 0 d l-b = 1300 - 40 - 13 - 1/2x25 = 1235 mm

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Page : 119
Calculation Sheet
7. Shear Reinforcement Design x Direction
Based on ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.6.5.1, The design shear force (Ve) shall be determined from
consideration of the maximum forces that can be generated at the faces of the joints at each
of the member. These joints forces shall be determined using the maximum probable moment
strengths (Mpr) at each end of member associated with the range of factored axial loads (Pu).
The member shears need not exceed those determined from joints strengths based on Mpr of the
tranverse members framing into the joint. In no case shall Ve be less than the factored shear
determined by analysis of the structures.
M pr-top = (Probable flexural strength of members) M pr-bot = (Probable flexural strength of members)
M pr-1 = 3969.637 kN-m M pr-3 = 3970 kN-m
M pr-2 = 2021.726 kN-m M pr-4 = 2022 kN-m
M pr-top = M pr-1 + Mpr-2 M pr-bot = Mpr- 3 + M pr-4
= 5991.362 kN-m = 5991 kN-m
Ve Ve
Column
Pu Pu
Mpr-top Mpr-bot
ln
DF = 0.5 (Momen distribution factor in top and bottom designing column, Due to
stifness between bottom floor and top floor is same DF is used 0,5)
ln = 3.95 mm (length of clear span measured face to face of support)
Vsway = ((Mpr -top .D f )+(M pr-bot .D f ))/ln
= ((5991.36209947671x0.5) + (5991.36209947671x0.5)) / 3.95
= 1516.8 kN
Ve sap = 215 kN (Gravitational combination load)
Ve taken = max (Vsway;Ve sap) (Design shear force for load combinations including
= 1516.8 kN earthquake)
Based 6n ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.5.4.2, the transverse reinforcement over the lengths shall be
proportioned to resist shear assuming Vc = 0 when :
a. The earthquake induced shear force represents one half or more pf the maximum required
shear strength within those length.
V tot = V sway + V e sap = 1516.8 + 215 = 1732 kN
1/2 V tot = 865.90 kN
V e >1/2V tot = 1516.8>865.9 Calculated Vc
b. The factored axial compressive force (Pu) including earthquake effects is less than Ag.fc'/20
A g .f c' /20 = ((960000x30) / 20) / 1000
= 1440 kN
øP n = max (Pntop;Pnbot)
= max(4974,5;7466,8)
= 7467 kN
øP n > Ag.fc'/20 Calculated Vc

Page : 120
Calculation Sheet
d = b wx -c c -d blong
= 1200-40-25
= 1135 mm
Vc = (√f c' .b wx .d)/6 (nominal shear strength provided by concrete)
= ((√30x1200x1135) / 6) / 1000
= 1243.33 kN
Checking Shear Reinforcement
Vu = 1516.8 kN
Ø f shear = 0.75
V u /Øf shear = 2022 kN
0,5 Vc = 621.7 kN
(V u / Øfshear)>(0,5.V c ) = 2022.4>621.7 Need shear reinforcement
Checking minimum shear reinforcement
Vc+(1/3.bw.d) = 1243.33 + (1/3x1200x1135)/1000
= 1697.33 kN
(V u / Øfshear) > (V c +(1/3.b w .d)) min. shear reinforcement not required
When (V u /Øf shear) <(V c +(1/3.b w .d))

Av-min = 1/3.(b w .s/f y )
= -
= - mm2
A sh = - mm2
A sh >A v-min = - -
When (V u /Øf shear )>(V c +(1/3.b w .d))

Vn = Vu/Ø Vs = Vn - Vc
= 2022 kN = 2022 - 1243 = 887 kN
Av = (Vs.s)/(fy.d) = 887400.7 N
2
= (887401x100)/(400x1135
2
= 195.46 mm
A sh = 796.39 mm
A sh >A v = 796.4>195.5 Hence, the requirements of shear reinforcement are fullfiled
For span outside lo

Based on ACI 318M-11 equation 11-4 Vc number if there are a axial load is :
Vc = 0,17.(1+(Nu/14Ag)).λ.√fc'.bw.d
where :
Nu = 3024.6 kN (factored axial force normal to cross section occuring
simultaneously with Vu or Tu. Based on 0,9D +1,0E load
combination)
λ = 1 (Modification factor reflecting the reduced mechanical properties
of lightweight concrete in certain concrete anchorage applications
see ACI 318M-11 chapter 8.6.1)
Vc = (0.17(1+(3024.6/14x960000)x1x30^0.5x1200x1135)/1000
= 1553.60 kN
V c >(V u /Øf shear ) = 1553.6>2022.4 need hoops reinforcement

Page : 121
Calculation Sheet
8. Shear Reinforcement Design y Direction
Based on ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.6.5.1, The design shear force (Ve) shall be determined from
consideration of the maximum forces that can be generated at the faces of the joints at each
of the member. These joints forces shall be determined using the maximum probable moment
strengths (Mpr) at each end of member associated with the range of factored axial loads (Pu).
The member shears need not exceed those determined from joints strengths based on Mpr of the
tranverse members framing into the joint. In no case shall Ve be less than the factored shear
determined by analysis of the structures.
M pr-top = (Probable flexural strength of members) M pr-bot = (Probable flexural strength of members)
M pr-1 = 3969.637 kN-m M pr-3 = 3970 kN-m
M pr-2 = 2021.726 kN-m M pr-4 = 2022 kN-m
M pr-top = M pr-1 + Mpr-2 M pr-bot = Mpr-3 + M pr-4
= 5991.362 kN-m = 5991 kN-m
Ve Ve
Column
Pu Pu
Mpr-top Mpr-bot
ln
DF = 0.5 (Momen distribution factor in top and bottom designing column)
ln = 3.95 mm(length of clear span measured face to face of support)
Vsway = ((Mpr -top .DF)+(M pr-bot .DF))/ln
= ((5991.36209947671x0.5) + (5991.36209947671x0.5)) / 3.95
= 1516.8 kN
Ve sap = 215 kN (Gravitational combination load)
Ve taken = max (Vsway;Ve sap) (Design shear force for load combinations including
= 1516.8 kN earthquake)
Based 6n ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.5.4.2, the transverse reinforcement over the lengths shall be
proportioned to resist shear assuming Vc = 0 when :
a. The earthquake induced shear force represents one half or more pf the maximum required
shear strength within those length.
V tot = V sway + V e sap = 1516.8 + 215 = 1732 kN
1/2 V tot = 865.90 kN
V e >1/2V tot = 1516.8>865.9 Calculated Vc
b. The factored axial compressive force (Pu) including earthquake effects is less than Ag.fc'/20
A g .f c' /20 = ((960000x30) / 20) / 1000
= 1440 kN
øP n = x (Pntop;Pnbot)
= max(4974,5;7466,8)
= 7467 kN
øP n > Ag.fc'/20 Calculated Vc

Page : 122
Calculation Sheet
d = h-c c -d blong
= 800-40-25
= 735 mm
Vc = (√f c' .b w .d)/6 (nominal shear strength provided by concrete)
= ((√30x800x735) / 6) / 1000
= 537 kN
Checking Shear Reinforcement
Vu = 1516.8 kN
Ø f shear = 0.75
V u /Øf shear = 2022 kN
0,5 Vc = 268.4 kN
(V u / Øfshear)>(0,5.V c ) = 2022.4>268.4 Need shear reinforcement
Checking minimum shear reinforcement
Vc+(1/3.bw.d) = 536 + (1/3x800x735)/1000
= 732.77 kN
(V u / Øfshear) > (V c +(1/3.b w .d)) min. shear reinforcement not required
When (V u /Øf shear) <(V c +(1/3.b w .d))

Av-min = 1/3.(b w .s/f y )
= -
= - mm2
2
A sh = - mm
A sh >A v-min = - -
When (V u /Øf shear )>(V c +(1/3.b w .d))

Vn = Vu/Ø Vs = Vn - Vc
= 2022 kN = 2022 - 537 = 1486 kN
Av = (Vs.s)/(fy.d) = 1E+06 N
2
= (1485633x100)/(400x735) = 505.32 mm
2
A sh = 796.39 mm
A sh >A v = 796.4>505.3 Hence, the requirements of shear reinforcement are fullfiled
For span outside lo

Based on ACI 318M-11 equation 11-4 Vc number if there are a axial load is :
Vc = 0,17.(1+(Nu/14Ag)).λ.√fc'.bw.d
where :
Nu = 1000 kN (factored axial force normal to cross section occuring
simultaneously with Vu or Tu. Based on 0,9D +1,0E load
combination)
λ = 1 (Modification factor reflecting the reduced mechanical properties
of lightweight concrete in certain concrete anchorage applications
see ACI 318M-11 chapter 8.6.1)
Vc = (0.17(1+(1000/14x960000)x1x30^0.5x800x735)/1000
= 588.24 kN
V c >(V u /Øf shear ) = 588.24>2022.4 need hoops reinforcement

Page : 123
Calculation Sheet
6. Beam Column Joint
6.1. Joint Dimension

Refer to ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.7.4.1:
Aj = bw x h (effective cross-sectional area within a joint)
= 800 x 1200
= 960000 mm2
Refer to ACI 318M-11 chapter 21.7.2.3:

The column dimension parallel to the beam reinforcement shall not be less than 20 times of the largest
longitudinal beam.
Column Dimension = 800 mm > 20 x 25 mm = 500 mm OK!
6.2. Joint Shear Calculation and Shear Strength Check

Probable moments of beam refer to PCA Notes 318-05 Chapter 21.3.4:
apr = 1.25A s f y /( 0.85f c ' b w )
M pr = 1.25A s f y (d-a pr /2)
Moment probable of top left beam

a pr l-t = 1.25 x 7363 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 247 mm
ØM pr l-t = 1.25 x 7363 x 400 x (1202 - 247/2) x10E-06 = 3970 kN-m
Moment probable of bottom left beam
a pr l-b = 1.25 x 3436 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 115 mm
ØM pr l-b = 1.25 x 3436 x 400 x (1235 - 115/2) x10E-06 = 2022 kN-m
Moment probable of top right beam
a prr-t = 1.25 x 7363 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 247 mm
ØM prr-t = 1.25 x 7363 x 400 x (1202 - 247/2) x10E-06 = 3970 kN-m
Moment probable of bottom right beam
a prr-b = 1.25 x 3436 x 400 / (0.85 x 25 x 700) = 115 mm
ØM prr-b = 1.25 x 3436 x 400 x (1235 - 115/2) x10E-06 = 2022 kN-m
At the joint, stiffness of top column and bottom column are equal, hence DF =0.5 for each column
M e1 = DF x (ØM pr l -t + ØM prr-b ) = 0.5 x (3970 + 2022) = 3970 kN-m or;
M e2 = DF x (ØM prr -t + ØM pr l -b ) = 0.5 x (3970 + 2022) = 2996 kN-m
lu = ln - h beam = 3950 - 1300 = 2650 mm = 2.65 m

V sway1 = (M e1 + M e1 ) / lu = (3970 + 3970) / 2.65 = 2996 kN
V sway2 = (M e2 + M e2 ) / lu = (2996 + 2996) / 2.65 = 2261 kN
use V sway = min(2996; 2261) = 2261 kN

Page : 124

Page : 125
7.2 Column Design Summary
Column design summary for all column type shown in the following table:
Table 7-1 Column Design Summary

Column Special moment Frames Requirement
Joint Type Dimension Section Strong Column Beam-Column
(mm) Weak Beam Joint
Ground to 1st Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled
C2 Edge 800x1000
1st Floor to 2nd Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled
C4 Edge 800x1000
C6 Edge 800x1000
C8 Edge 800x1000
C10 Edge 800x1000
C12 Edge 800x1000
C14 Edge 800x1000
C16 Edge 800x1000
C18 Edge 800x1000
C20 Edge 800x1000
C22 Edge 800x1000
C24 Edge 800x1000
C26 Edge 800x1200 1st Floor to 2nd Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled
2nd Floor to Top Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled
C28 Interior 800x1200 1st Floor to 2nd Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled

Page : 126

C42 Edge 800x1000
C44 Edge 800x1000
C46 Edge 800x1000
C48 Edge 800x1000
C64 Interior 800x1200

Page : 127


Page : 128

C94 Edge 800x1000
C96 Edge 800x1000
C98 Edge 800x1000
C100 Edge 800x1000
C102 Edge 800x1000
C104 Edge 800x1000
C106 Edge 800x1000
C108 Edge 800x1000
C110 Edge 800x1000
C112 Edge 800x1000
C114 Edge 800x1000
C116 Edge 800x1000
C132 Edge 800x1200 Ground to 1st Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled

Page : 129

Top Floor To Roof Floor Fullfiled Fullfiled

Page : 130
Figure 7-2 Column Schedule

Page : 131
8 SLAB DESIGN
8.1 Slab S1, t = 150 mm
Slab Reinforcement Analysis

ID : 10 - 2533 Date : 2/16/2016
Title :
Client : ENI Location : Timor Leste
Building : Library Building
Section : t = 130mm
Engineer : Paa
Material Forces
fc' = 25 N/mm2 Mx ± |Mxy| My ± |Mxy|

Value
fy 2 kNm/m kNm/m
= 400 N/mm
Max 12.9794 12.8021
Dimension Min -14.3521 -14.4457
B = 1000 mm
tp = 150
150 mm Reduction Factor
cCcc = 25 mm ø flexure = 0.9
D = 13 mm ø shear = 0.75
Slab reinforcement (Y-direction):

Top Reinforcement
Top reinforcement (z-direction)
dc = 31.5 mm
d = 118.5 mm
Bottom reinforcement (z-direction) As min = 141.75 mm2
Illustration of Slab reinforcement As max = 2407.96 mm2
Section Properties Muy = 14.4457 kNm/m'

β1 = 0.85 a = 6.555 mm
ρmin = 0.0019 ≥ 0.0014 As req = 348.257 mm2

ρb = 0.0271 Max(As min, As req) = 348.257 mm2
ρmax = 0.0203 sreq = 381.133 mm
Percentage
Required D13 - 200
52.48%
As req = 663.661 mm2

Page : 132
Bottom Reinforcement
dc = 31.5 mm
d = 118.5 mm
Section Properties Muy = 14.4457 kNm/m'

β1 = 0.85 a = 6.555 mm
ρmin = 0.0019 ≥ 0.0014 As req = 348.257 mm2

ρmax = 0.0203 sreq = 381.133 mm
Percentage
Required D13 - 200
52.48%
As req = 663.661 mm2
Slab reinforcement (X-direction):

Top Reinforcement
dc = 44.5 mm
d = 105.5 mm
Section Properties Mux = 14.3521 kNm/m'

β1 = 0.85 a = 7.371 mm
ρmin = 0.0019 ≥ 0.0014 As req = 391.564 mm2

ρmax = 0.0203 sreq = 338.980 mm
Percentage
Required D13 - 200
59.00%
As req = 663.661 mm2

Page : 133
Bottom Reinforcement
dc = 44.5 mm
d = 105.5 mm
Section Properties Mux = 14.3521 kNm/m'

β1 = 0.85 a = 7.371 mm
ρmin = 0.0019 ≥ 0.0014 As req = 391.564 mm2

ρmax = 0.0203 sreq = 338.980 mm
Percentage
Required D13 - 200
59.00%
As req = 663.661 mm2
Summary
Y Direction
Mu a As req As min Steel Used
Location of
Reinforcement kNm mm mm2 mm2 Bar As (mm2)
Top 14.4457 6.555 348.257 141.75 D13 - 200 663.661
Bottom 14.4457 6.555 348.257 141.75 D13 - 200 663.661
X Direction
Mu a As req As min Steel Used
Location of
Reinforcement kNm mm mm2 mm2 Bar As (mm2)
Top 14.3521 7.371 391.564 141.75 D13 - 200 663.661
Bottom 14.3521 7.371 391.564 141.75 D13 - 200 663.661

Page : 134
8.2 Slab S2A, t = 120 mm
a. Thickness Slab Calculation
note :
lx pin support
fix support
ly
Long span, ly = 5 m
Short span, lx = 3.75 m
ln = 5 m
β = ly = 1.3
lx
Concrete strength, fc' = 25 N/mm2
Steel strength, fy = 400 N/mm2
Beam Mod.El.=Eb = 23500 N/mm2

Slab Mod.El.=Ep = 23500 N/mm2
Beams dimension
b1 = 800 mm h1 = 1500 mm I1 = 2.25E+11 mm4
b2 = 400 mm h2 = 600 mm I2 = 7200000000 mm4
b3 = 300 mm h3 = 500 mm I3 = 3125000000 mm4
b4 = 400 mm h4 = 600 mm I4 = 7200000000 mm4
bp = 5000 mm hp = 120 mm Ip = 720000000 mm4

α= Eb x Ib
Ec x Ip
α1 = 312.50 αm = α1 + α2 + α3 + α4
α2 = 10.00 4
α3 = 4.34
α4 = 10.00 αm = 84.21
Slab thickness required :
h= ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))
36 + (5 x β (αm - 0.12 x (1+1/β)))
h= 9 mm
but not less then :
hmin = ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))

36 + ( 9 x β )
hmin = 111 mm

Page : 135
and not more then :
hm = ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))
36
hm = 148 mm
From all condition slab thickness not less then :

- αm < 2.0 = 120 mm
- αm > 2.0 = 90 mm
Take slab thicness h= 120 mm
b. Reinforcement Slab Calculation
Loading
Dead Load, QD
3
concrete weight per volume, γc = 25 kN/m
3
mortar weight per volume, γm = 22 kN/m Mortar
30 mm
- self weight = 3 kN/m2 Thickness =
- mortar weight = 0.66 kN/m2
- floor finished weight = 1.1 kN/m2
- plafond & support weight = 0.1 kN/m2
- M/E weight = 0.1 kN/m2
- water proofing = 0 kN/m2
2
Total QD = 4.96 kN/m SDL: 1.3 kN/m2
Live Load, QL
2
QL = 7.56 kN/m
Load Combinations
Service Load, Qs = Qd + Ql = 12.52 kN/m2
Ultimate Load, Qu = 1.2 Qd + 1.6 Ql = 18.05 kN/m2
Internal Forces
To find internal forces, Bares Table were used :
µ = 0.15
a = 3.75
b = 5
γ = a/b = 0.8
Used Table Bares 1.12
Service Moment
Mxs = 0.0315 x Qs x a2 = 5.5460 kNm/m'
Mxvs = 0.0704 x Qs x a2 = 12.3948 kNm/m'
Mx0s = Mxbs = 0.0048 x Qs x a2 = 0.8451 kNm/m'
Mx0min = Mxbmin = 0 x Qs x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Mxvmin = 0 x Qs x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'

Page : 136
Service Moment
Mys = 0.0098 x Qs x b2 = 3.0674 kNm/m'
Myvs = 0.0320 x Qs x b2 = 10.0160 kNm/m'
My0s = Myas = 0.0106 x Qs x b2 = 3.3053 kNm/m'
My0min = 0 x Qs x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Myvmin = 0 x Qs x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Ultimate Moment
Mxs = 0.0315 x Qu x a2 = 7.9947 kNm/m'
Mxvs = 0.0704 x Qu x a2 = 17.8675 kNm/m'
Mx0s = Mxbs = 0.0048 x Qu x a2 = 1.2182 kNm/m'
Mx0min = Mxbmin = 0 x Qu x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Mxvmin = 0 x Qu x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Ultimate Moment
Mys = 0.0098 x Qu x b2 = 4.4218 kNm/m'
Myvs = 0.0320 x Qu x b2 = 14.4384 kNm/m'
My0s = Myas = 0.0106 x Qu x b2 = 4.7647 kNm/m'
My0min = 0 x Qu x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Myvmin = 0 x Qu x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Deflection Check
Allowable deflection = 0.02083333 m
E = 2.4E+07 kN/m2
4 3
ws = 0.0231 (Qs x a ) / (E x h )
= 0.00141 m ---> OK !
Reinforcement
t = 130 mm
D1 = 13 mm (reinforcement diameter)
cover = 30 mm
fy = 400 Mpa
fc' = 25 Mpa
d = 93.5 mm
Field reinforcement x-direction

Mxs = 7.9947 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mxs
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 4.6 mm
Asx = Mxs
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 243 mm2
Asmin = 0.0018x b x h
= 234 mm2
As used = 243 mm2
Field reinforcement x-direction φ 13 - 545 take S = 200

Page : 137
Support reinforcement x-direction

Mxtump. = 17.8675 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mxtump.
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 10.6 mm
Asx = Mxtump.
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 563 mm2
= 234 mm2
Aspakai = 563 mm2
Support reinforcement x-direction φ 13 - 236 take S = 200
Field reinforcement y-direction

Mys = 4.4218 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mys
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 2.5 mm
Asy = Mys
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 133 mm2
= 234 mm2
Aspakai = 234 mm2
Field reinforcement y-direction φ 13 - 567 take S = 200
Support reinforcement y-direction

Mytump. = 14.4384 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mytump.
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 8.5 mm
Asy = Mytump.
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 449 mm2
= 234 mm2
Aspakai = 449 mm2
Support reinforcement y-direction φ 13 - 295 take S = 200
c. Crack Width Control to fs actual

dc = cover+D/2 = 36.5 mm
h1 = d - a = 94 - a mm
S = 200 mm
n = Es/Ec = 8.94

Page : 138
Abar = 132.7 mm2

S 1/2 a2 = n Abar h1
100 a^2 = 110846 - 1186 a
a = 27.89 take a = 28
= -39.74
h1 = d - a = 65.5 mm
h2 = h - a = 102 mm
βh = h2 / h1 = 1.56
Mservice = 12.3948 kNm/m'
z = d - 1/2a = 79.50 mm
m = 1000/S = 5
fs = Mservice
m Abar z
= 235.0423 N/mm2
ω = 11. 10E-6 β h fs (2 dc2 S)1/3
= 0.326 mm
ωall 0.4 mm ---> OK!

Page : 139
8.3 Slab S2B, t = 120 mm
a. Thickness Slab Calculation
note :
lx pin support
fix support
ly
Long span, ly = 5 m
Short span, lx = 3.75 m
ln = 5 m
β = ly = 1.3
lx
Concrete strength, fc' = 25 N/mm2
Steel strength, fy = 400 N/mm2
Beam Mod.El.=Eb = 23500 N/mm2

Slab Mod.El.=Ep = 23500 N/mm2
Beams dimension
b1 = 700 mm h1 = 1300 mm I1 = 1.28158E+11 mm4
b2 = 350 mm h2 = 600 mm I2 = 6300000000 mm4
b3 = 700 mm h3 = 1300 mm I3 = 1.28158E+11 mm4
b4 = 350 mm h4 = 600 mm I4 = 6300000000 mm4
bp = 5000 mm hp = 120 mm Ip = 720000000 mm4

α= Eb x Ib
Ec x Ip
α1 = 178.00 αm = α1 + α2 + α3 + α4
α2 = 8.75 4
α3 = 178.00
α4 = 8.75 αm = 93.374
Slab thickness required :
h= ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))
36 + (5 x β (αm - 0.12 x (1+1/β)))
h= 8 mm
but not less then :
hmin = ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))

36 + ( 9 x β )
hmin = 111 mm

Page : 140
and not more then :
hm = ln x (0.8 + (fy/1500))
36
hm = 148 mm
From all condition slab thickness not less then :

- αm < 2.0 = 120 mm
- αm > 2.0 = 90 mm
Take slab thicness h= 120 mm
b. Reinforcement Slab Calculation
Loading
Dead Load, QD
concrete weight per volume, γc = 25 kN/m3
mortar weight per volume, γm = 22 kN/m3 mortar thick. = 30 mm
- self weight = 3 kN/m2
- mortar weight = 0.66 kN/m2
- floor finished weight = 1.1 kN/m2
- plafond & support weight = 0.1 kN/m2
- M/E weight = 0.1 kN/m2
- water proofing = 0 kN/m2
2
Total QD = 4.96 kN/m SDL: 1.3 kN/m2
Live Load, QL
2
QL = 1.00 kN/m
Load Combinations
Service Load, Qs = Qd + Ql = 5.96 kN/m2
Ultimate Load, Qu = 1.2 Qd + 1.6 Ql = 7.55 kN/m2
Internal Forces
To find internal forces, Bares Table were used :
µ = 0.15
a = 3.75
b = 5
γ = a/b = 0.8
Used Table Bares 1.12
Service Moment
Mxs = 0.0315 x Qs x a2 = 2.6401 kNm/m'
Mxvs = 0.0704 x Qs x a2 = 5.9004 kNm/m'
Mx0s = Mxbs = 0.0048 x Qs x a2 = 0.4023 kNm/m'
Mx0min = Mxbmin = 0 x Qs x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Mxvmin = 0 x Qs x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'

Page : 141
Service Moment
Mys = 0.0098 x Qs x b2 = 1.4602 kNm/m'
Myvs = 0.0320 x Qs x b2 = 4.7680 kNm/m'
My0s = Myas = 0.0106 x Qs x b2 = 1.5734 kNm/m'
My0min = 0 x Qs x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Myvmin = 0 x Qs x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Ultimate Moment
Mxs = 0.0315 x Qu x a2 = 3.3453 kNm/m'
Mxvs = 0.0704 x Qu x a2 = 7.4765 kNm/m'
Mx0s = Mxbs = 0.0048 x Qu x a2 = 0.5098 kNm/m'
Mx0min = Mxbmin = 0 x Qu x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Mxvmin = 0 x Qu x a2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Ultimate Moment
Mys = 0.0098 x Qu x b2 = 1.8502 kNm/m'
Myvs = 0.0320 x Qu x b2 = 6.0416 kNm/m'
My0s = Myas = 0.0106 x Qu x b2 = 1.9937 kNm/m'
My0min = 0 x Qu x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Myvmin = 0 x Qu x b2 = 0.0000 kNm/m'
Deflection Check
Allowable deflection = 0.02083333 m
E = 2.4E+07 kN/m2
4 3
ws = 0.0231 (Qs x a ) / (E x h )
= 0.00067 m ---> OK !
Reinforcement
t = 120 mm
D1 = 10 mm (reinforcement diameter)
cover = 30 mm
fy = 400 Mpa
fc' = 25 Mpa
d = 85 mm
Field reinforcement x-direction

Mxs = 3.3453 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mxs
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 2.1 mm
Asx = Mxs
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 111 mm2
= 216 mm2
As used = 216 mm2
Field reinforcement x-direction φ 10 - 363 take S = 200

Page : 142
Support reinforcement x-direction

Mxtump. = 7.4765 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mxtump.
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 4.7 mm
Asx = Mxtump.
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 251 mm2
= 216 mm2
Aspakai = 251 mm2
Support reinforcement x-direction φ 10 - 312 take S = 200
Field reinforcement y-direction

Mys = 1.8502 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mys
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 1.1 mm
Asy = Mys
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 61 mm2
= 216 mm2
Aspakai = 216 mm2
Field reinforcement y-direction φ 10 - 363 take S = 200
Support reinforcement y-direction

Mytump. = 6.0416 kNm/m'
a = d - d2 - 2 x Mytump.
φ x 0.85 x f'c x b1
= 3.8 mm
Asy = Mytump.
φ x fy x (d - a/2)
= 202 mm2
= 216 mm2
Aspakai = 216 mm2
Support reinforcement y-direction φ 10 - 363 take S = 200
c. Crack Width Control to fs actual

dc = cover+D/2 = 35 mm
h1 = d - a = 85 - a mm
S = 200 mm
n = Es/Ec = 8.94

Page : 143
Abar = 78.5 mm2

S 1/2 a2 = n Abar h1
100 a^2 = 59627 - 701 a
a = 21.16 take a = 22
= -28.18
h1 = d - a = 63 mm
h2 = h - a = 98 mm
βh = h2 / h1 = 1.56
Mservice = 5.9004 kNm/m'
z = d - 1/2a = 74.00 mm
m = 1000/S = 5
fs = Mservice
m Abar z
= 203.146841 N/mm2
ω = 11. 10E-6 β h fs (2 dc2 S)1/3
= 0.274 mm
ωall 0.4 mm ---> OK!
Figure 8-1 Slab Type S1 schedule
Figure 8-2 Slab Type S2A & S2B Schedule

Page : 144
9 FOUNDATION DESIGN
9.1 Data Availability
Data used for the analysis in this project is taken from soil investigation at site. This data contains of 3
boreholes which are conducted Standard Penetration Test.
Please make sure to change this figure to match with figure in Page 19
B B
H H
BORE HOLE-3
B
H BORE HOLE-2
3
BORE HOLE-1 2
1
Figure 9-1. Soil Investigation Location
NSPT vs Depth
0 20 40 60 80 100
0
10
20
BH 1
BH 2
Depth (m)
BH 3
30
40
50
60
Figure 9-2. Soil Investigation Location
Based on the soil description from borelog, shown that the sub-soil at the project area is dominated
with clay and sand where the hard layer is found from 40 – 46 meter depth. The ground water level is
at 1.5 - 4.0 meter depth depends on borehole data. The summary of SPT result and the soil
stratification are shown above.

Page : 145
9.2 Axial and Tension Bearing Capacity
Analysis conducted in this report consists of allowable bearing capacity analysis using Reese &
Wright Method (1977) due to the soil type. The result of bearing capacity with Mayerhoff Method
(1967) which is on soil investigation report is preliminary analysis. In Meyerhoff Method, the soil type
is not considered but only SPT value.
Axial and Tension Bearing Capacity
The following equation is standard formula to analyse bearing capacity of foundation. Ultimate bearing
capacity is total capacity of foundation, meanwhile allowable bearing capacity is effective capacity of
foundation.
Ultimate Bearing Capacity:

Qu = Qp + Qs
Allowable Bearing Capacity:

Qa = Qp / Fke +Qs / Fks
Where:
Qp = Ultimate End Bearing Capacity (ton)
Qs = Ultimate Skin Friction Capacity (ton)
FSe = Safety Factor of End Bearing
FSs = Safety Factor of Skin Friction
End Bearing Capacity

Formula of end bearing capacity pile is as follow :
Qp = qp . A
Where:
Qp = Ultimate End Bearing Capacity (ton)
qp = End Bearing Capacity unit (ton/m2)
A = Area of Pile (m²)
Cohesive Soil
qp = 9.cu
Where:
2
cu = soil cohesion (ton/m )
Non Cohesive Soil

End bearing capacity unit pile of non cohesive soil is taken from Reese & Wright Graph as below :
50
ULTIMATE END BEARING CAPACITY (kg/cm2)
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
NSPT

Page : 146
Figure 9-3. End Bearing Capacity Unit for Non Cohesive Soil (Reese & Right)
Skin Friction Capacity

Formula of skin friction capacity pile is as follow :
Qs = fs . L . p
Where:
Qs = Ultimate Skin Friction Capacity (ton)
2
fs = unit of skin friction (ton/ m )
L = Length of Pile (m)
p = Perimeter of Pile (m)
Cohesive Soil
fs = α . cu
Where:
α = adhesion factor (0.55, based on Reese’s Research)
2
cu = soil cohesion (ton/ m )
Non Cohesive Soil

Skin friction unit pile of non cohesive soil is taken from Reese & Wright Graph as below :
3.0
ULTIMATE SKIN FRICTION (kg/cm2)
2.0
1.0
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
NSPT
Figure 9-4. Skin Friction Unit for Non Cohesive Soil (Reese & Right)
Tension Capacity Pile

Formula of end bearing capacity pile is as follow :
Qa(tension) = Qs / FS
where :
Qa = allowable Tension Capacity (ton)
Qs = ultimate Skin Friction Capacity (ton)
FS = safety Factor
9.3 Bearing Capacity Calculation Based on Reese and Wright Method
The calculation of this method is employed of bore pile (diameter of 400 mm from bearing capacity
calculation). The allowable axial bearing capacity is 114.3 ton at 24 meter depth. The calculation use
the SPT data since Reese and Wright method fits to be used using SPT data.
Example bearing capacity calculation at 2 m length of pile
Depth = 2m
Soil type = Clay
N-SPT =4

Page : 147
γ = 17 (kN/m3)
cu = 24 (kPa)
qp = 9 . cu
= 216 (kPa)
fsaxial = cu . 0,55
= 13,2 (kPa)
Fs = fs . parimeter of pile . length
= 33,175 (kN)
Qp = qp . area of pile
= 27,130 (kN)
Qult = Fs + Qp
= 60,305 (kN)
Qall axial = ((Qp/FSend) + (Fs/FSfriction))/10
= 2,4 (ton)
fstension = fs / 10 . 0,9
= 1,188 (ton)
Qstension = fstension . perimeter of pile . length
= 2,986 (ton)
Qalltension = Qstension . FSfriction
= 1,8 (ton)
BEARING CAPACITY BOREDPILE - METODE REESE&WRIGHT, 1977
BH : 2
Diameter (B) : 0.40 m FS Friction 2.5
Perimeter (p) : 1.26 m FS End 2.5
Area (Ap) : 0.13 m2
Inertia (I) : 0.0013 m4
γ cu qp fs Fs Qp Qult Qall axial QStension Qall tension

Depth (m) Soil N-SPT φ
(kN/m3) (kPa) (kPa) (kPa) (kN) (kN) (kN) (ton) ton (ton)
0
2 Clay 4 17 24.00 - 216.00 13.200 33.175 33.175 27.130 60.305 2.4 2.986 1.8
4 Clay 7 17 42.00 - 378.00 23.100 58.057 91.232 47.477 138.709 5.5 8.211 4.5
6 Clay 18 17 108.00 - 972.00 59.400 149.288 240.520 122.083 362.604 14.5 21.647 10.5
8 Clay 13 17 78.00 - 702.00 42.900 107.819 348.340 88.171 436.511 17.5 31.351 15.0
10 Clay 15 17 90.00 - 810.00 49.500 124.407 472.747 101.736 574.483 23.0 42.547 20.0
12 Clay 14 19 84.00 - 756.00 46.200 116.113 588.860 94.954 683.814 27.4 52.997 24.8
14 Clay 25 19 150.00 - 1350.00 82.500 207.345 796.205 169.560 965.765 38.6 71.658 32.9
16 Sand 27 19 0.00 33.000 1723.68 258.552 649.812 1446.017 216.494 1662.512 66.5 101.221 45.3
18 Clay 39 19 234.00 36.633 2106.00 105.336 264.738 1710.756 264.514 1975.269 79.0 153.968 67.0
20 Clay 11 19 66.00 26.489 594.00 86.184 216.604 1927.360 74.606 2001.966 80.1 173.462 75.4
22 Clay 14 19 84.00 - 756.00 46.200 116.113 2043.473 94.954 2138.426 85.5 183.913 80.2
24 Clay 54 19 324.00 40.456 2916.00 178.200 447.865 2491.338 366.250 2857.588 114.3 224.220 96.9
26 Sand 41 19 0.00 37.181 2617.44 114.912 288.805 2780.144 328.750 3108.894 124.4 194.610 85.7
28 Sand 25 19 0.00 32.321 1596.00 76.608 192.537 2972.681 200.458 3173.138 126.9 208.088 91.7
30 Sand 15 15 0.00 28.416 957.60 38.304 96.268 3068.949 120.275 3189.224 127.6 214.826 95.0
32 Clay 24 15 144.00 - 1296.00 79.200 199.051 3268.000 162.778 3430.778 137.2 294.120 127.3
34 Clay 21 15 126.00 - 1134.00 69.300 174.170 3442.170 142.430 3584.601 143.4 309.795 134.2
36 Clay 48 15 288.00 - 2592.00 158.400 398.103 3840.273 325.555 4165.828 166.6 345.625 149.1
38 Sand 29 15 0.00 33.655 1851.36 95.700 240.520 4080.793 232.531 4313.324 172.5 285.656 125.7
40 Sand 53 20 0.00 40.219 3383.52 134.064 336.940 4417.733 424.970 4842.703 193.7 309.241 135.8
42 Sand 54 19 0.00 40.456 3447.36 134.064 336.940 4754.672 432.988 5187.661 207.5 332.827 145.8
44 Sand 70 19 0.00 43.983 3830.40 134.064 336.940 5091.612 481.098 5572.710 222.9 356.413 155.8
9.4 Group Pile Efficiency
For calculated group pile efficiency, we are used formula from Converse – Labere :
Where :
Eg = reduction of capacity pile
n = number of pile in a row of columns
m = number of pile in a row of line
D = diameter of pile
S = distance between pile

Page : 148
Reduction of pile capacity is used at all group pile configuration, in this project there are 6 type of
group pile configuration. The value reduction of pile capacity is used as multiplier of allowable
capacity pile.
Figure 9-5 Pile configuration
Calculation sample :
3 pile groups
m =3
n =2
D = 0.40 m
s = 3.D = 1.2 m
3 pile group capacity is :
Qall efficiency compression = Qall compression . Eg

= 114,3 ton . 0,795
= 80,89 ton
Qall efficiency tension = Qall tension .Eg

= 96,9 ton . 0,795
= 77,069 ton

Page : 149
9.5 Calculation of Pile Group Load Distribution
The joint reaction in calculation of load distribution in pile group table is obtain from structural
modelling using ETABS Program.
Figure 9-6 Join Plan from ETABS

Page : 150
Table 9-1 Joint Reaction From ETABS

F1 F2 F3 M1 M2
Joint
Ton Ton Ton Tonm Tonm
1 7.4 13.1 90.5 -46.3 -26.1
2 7.7 -12.2 88.9 42.5 -27.2
3 7.5 -11.5 87.7 39.3 -26.5
4 6.5 12.1 90.2 -42.1 -24.0
5 -7.6 -12.7 85.0 60.4 26.9
6 -7.1 12.9 84.5 -62.9 25.9
7 -7.3 -12.4 84.6 58.5 26.0
8 -6.4 12.7 84.7 -60.9 23.0
9 8.4 -11.9 82.0 57.9 27.5
10 8.7 12.2 82.1 -60.7 26.7
11 8.5 -11.8 82.4 57.0 26.8
12 6.3 12.1 82.2 -59.8 23.0
13 9.8 -23.5 213.5 86.1 36.2
14 9.1 20.9 364.2 -84.0 37.9
15 8.7 23.7 325.1 -89.3 36.7
16 7.1 21.4 184.4 -85.6 27.9
57 9.8 -27.5 258.0 92.6 34.6
58 9.8 21.4 506.8 -84.1 34.1
59 9.7 26.7 387.3 -92.0 33.8
60 7.3 10.6 127.4 -74.0 27.1
61 -10.2 -25.2 205.1 87.7 -34.2
62 -9.3 -21.4 479.7 80.5 -35.5
63 10.1 26.3 369.5 -91.7 -33.6
64 -7.1 5.9 82.9 -44.7 28.0
65 -7.5 -13.0 88.8 45.8 27.7
66 -7.2 13.3 90.2 -47.0 26.7
67 -7.3 -11.5 87.6 39.3 26.9
68 -6.6 11.5 89.8 -39.4 24.2
69 7.8 -12.7 84.3 61.9 26.0
70 7.4 12.9 84.9 -63.2 -25.0
71 7.5 -12.4 84.3 58.6 -25.2
72 6.6 12.4 84.3 -59.1 -22.8
73 -7.4 -13.1 83.3 63.9 26.2
74 -7.1 13.4 83.8 -65.4 -25.2
75 -7.2 -13.0 83.4 61.8 -25.4
76 -6.1 13.1 83.5 -62.7 -22.6
77 -8.3 -12.1 81.7 60.2 -26.6
78 -8.3 12.4 82.3 -62.1 -25.8
79 -7.9 -12.1 82.0 59.2 -25.9
80 -6.2 12.2 82.0 -60.5 -22.3
81 -8.1 -22.3 368.7 -87.8 -35.7
82 -8.9 26.3 334.2 -96.5 -33.9
83 -6.9 22.3 184.8 -89.5 -27.1
84 -9.4 -25.2 207.8 92.5 -35.5
85 -9.6 -28.4 248.8 96.7 34.1
86 -9.4 -21.8 507.8 -85.7 31.2
87 -8.8 27.7 402.7 -98.0 -31.0
88 -7.1 10.9 127.7 -75.7 26.4
89 10.3 -26.7 227.2 92.3 34.3
90 9.1 -21.1 580.6 -82.8 33.2
91 8.8 27.1 372.8 -95.4 33.4
92 7.2 6.0 83.1 -45.4 -27.2
109 -6.8 5.5 106.6 -44.2 26.9
113 6.9 5.4 106.4 -43.5 -26.7
213 -9.4 -20.6 357.6 80.5 32.0
214 9.1 13.3 335.1 -65.6 32.1
215 9.3 -22.6 478.3 82.9 33.8
216 -10.2 24.5 356.0 -88.4 32.8
217 9.0 11.5 229.2 -62.2 32.4
218 10.4 24.4 367.9 -88.7 33.0
219 9.2 -13.2 144.9 59.4 -34.9
220 9.4 -14.7 222.1 66.0 32.9
221 -8.7 -15.4 226.1 68.7 36.7
222 6.3 4.4 108.9 -41.1 25.7
223 6.5 5.5 106.1 -45.8 -25.8
224 -6.5 5.4 105.6 -45.1 26.1

Page : 151
3 pile group calculation

CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS IN PILE GROUPS
Pile diameter : 400 mm PILE ARRANGEMENT

Formula
2 2 2 2
No X (m) Y (m) X (m ) Y (m ) 1.20
1 -0.75 -0.433 0.5625 0.187489 Preaction Mx Ymax My Xmax
2 0.75 -0.433 0.5625 0.187489 1.00
0.00 Ppile =
n pile ± Σ
± Σ
Yi2 Xi2
3 0 0.866 0 0.749956 0.80
Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
CL COLUMN Y-DIRECTION
0.60
0.40 Ppile = 0.333 Preaction ± 0.770 Mx ± 0.6667 My

0.20
TOTAL 1.125 1.124934

0.00 0.00
-1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00
X max = 0.75 m -0.20
Y max = 0.866 m
-0.40
n pile = 3 pile
-0.90 0.90
-0.60
CL COLUMN X-DIRECTION
Pload Mx My PILE REACTION DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON PILES

Joint Joint F3 M1 M2
(kg) (kgm) (kgm) CALCULATION Pmax Pmin P1-a P1-b P1-c P1-d Pcompression Check Ptension Check
1a 80,269.61 17,282.00 29,972.00 26,756.54 ± 13,304.08 ± 19,981.33 = 60,041.95 -6,528.88 123.16 40085.83 13427.24 53389.91 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 1a 73.36 -17.282 -29.972
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
P2
40085.83 123.16 53389.91 13427.24 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
P3
40060.62 40060.62 13452.46 13452.46 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok
2a 96,349.61 13,232.00 28,681.00 32,116.54 ± 10,186.30 ± 19,120.67 = 61,423.50 2,809.57 7902.72 46144.06 18089.02 56330.35 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 2a 89.44 13.232 28.681
3a 81,579.61 22,627.00 29,766.00 27,193.20 ± 17,418.78 ± 19,844.00 = 64,455.99 -10,069.58 -1360.19 38327.81 16058.60 55746.60 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 3a 74.67 22.627 -29.766
4a 76,389.61 4,730.00 27,035.00 25,463.20 ± 3,641.26 ± 18,023.33 = 47,127.80 3,798.61 5619.24 41665.91 9260.50 45307.17 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 4a 69.48 4.73 -27.035
5a 90,279.61 38,961.00 30,584.00 30,093.20 ± 29,993.07 ± 20,389.33 = 80,475.61 -20,289.20 -5292.66 35486.00 24700.41 65479.07 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 5a 83.37 38.961 30.584
6a 89,559.61 31,239.00 29,703.00 29,853.20 ± 24,048.50 ± 19,802.00 = 73,703.70 -13,997.29 -1973.04 37630.96 22075.45 61679.45 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 6a 82.65 -31.239 29.703
7a 89,489.61 23,378.00 29,311.00 29,829.87 ± 17,996.92 ± 19,540.67 = 67,367.46 -7,707.72 1290.74 40372.08 19287.67 58369.00 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 7a 82.58 23.378 29.311
8a 90,459.61 46,854.00 26,046.00 30,153.20 ± 36,069.28 ± 17,364.00 = 83,586.49 -23,280.08 -5245.44 29482.56 30823.85 65551.85 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 8a 83.55 -46.854 26.046
9a 88,499.61 36,770.00 31,145.00 29,499.87 ± 28,306.39 ± 20,763.33 = 78,569.59 -19,569.85 -5416.66 36110.01 22889.73 64416.40 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 9a 81.59 36.77 31.145
10a 88,099.61 27,759.00 30,587.00 29,366.54 ± 21,369.52 ± 20,391.33 = 71,127.39 -12,394.31 -1709.55 39073.11 19659.96 60442.63 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 10a 81.19 -27.759 30.587
11a 88,279.61 20,962.00 30,087.00 29,426.54 ± 16,137.03 ± 20,058.00 = 65,621.57 -6,768.49 1300.02 41416.02 17437.05 57553.05 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 11a 81.37 20.962 30.087
12a 89,029.61 44,067.00 25,991.00 29,676.54 ± 33,923.79 ± 17,327.33 = 80,927.66 -21,574.58 -4612.69 30041.98 29311.10 63965.77 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 12a 82.12 -44.067 25.991
64a 90,349.61 20,912.00 25,547.00 30,116.54 ± 16,098.54 ± 17,031.33 = 63,246.41 -3,013.33 5035.94 39098.60 21134.47 55197.14 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 64a 83.44 -20.912 -25.547
65a 81,069.61 22,721.00 31,351.00 27,023.20 ± 17,491.15 ± 20,900.67 = 65,415.02 -11,368.61 -2623.04 39178.30 14868.11 56669.45 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 65a 74.16 22.721 31.351
66a 75,609.61 4,750.00 30,595.00 25,203.20 ± 3,656.66 ± 20,396.67 = 49,256.53 1,149.88 2978.21 43771.54 6634.87 47428.20 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 66a 68.7 4.75 30.595
67a 78,259.61 5,916.00 30,105.00 26,086.54 ± 4,554.27 ± 20,070.00 = 50,710.81 1,462.27 3739.40 43879.40 8293.67 48433.67 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 67a 71.35 5.916 30.105
68a 75,779.61 7,734.00 27,188.00 25,259.87 ± 5,953.81 ± 18,125.33 = 49,339.02 1,180.73 4157.63 40408.30 10111.44 46362.11 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 68a 68.87 7.734 27.188
69a 90,889.61 44,740.00 29,644.00 30,296.54 ± 34,441.88 ± 19,762.67 = 84,501.08 -23,908.01 -6687.07 32838.27 27754.81 67280.14 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 69a 83.98 44.74 29.644
70a 90,459.61 45,920.00 28,837.00 30,153.20 ± 35,350.27 ± 19,224.67 = 84,728.14 -24,421.73 -6746.60 31702.74 28603.67 67053.01 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 70a 83.55 -45.92 -28.837
71a 89,799.61 38,117.00 28,433.00 29,933.20 ± 29,343.34 ± 18,955.33 = 78,231.88 -18,365.47 -3693.80 34216.87 25649.54 63560.21 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 71a 82.89 38.117 -28.433
72a 90,209.61 47,245.00 25,814.00 30,069.87 ± 36,370.28 ± 17,209.33 = 83,649.49 -23,509.75 -5324.60 29094.06 31045.68 65464.35 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 72a 83.3 -47.245 -25.814
73a 89,459.61 46,242.00 29,845.00 29,819.87 ± 35,598.15 ± 19,896.67 = 85,314.69 -25,674.95 -7875.87 31917.46 27722.28 67515.61 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 73a 82.55 46.242 29.845
74a 90,109.61 47,798.00 29,020.00 30,036.54 ± 36,796.00 ± 19,346.67 = 86,179.20 -26,106.13 -7708.13 30985.21 29087.87 67781.20 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 74a 83.2 -47.798 -29.02
75a 89,619.61 40,999.00 28,636.00 29,873.20 ± 31,561.97 ± 19,090.67 = 80,525.84 -20,779.43 -4998.45 33182.89 26563.52 64744.86 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 75a 82.71 40.999 -28.636
76a 89,909.61 48,920.00 25,705.00 29,969.87 ± 37,659.74 ± 17,136.67 = 84,766.28 -24,826.53 -5996.66 28276.67 31663.07 65936.41 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 76a 83 -48.92 -25.705
77a 87,489.61 20,121.00 30,303.00 29,163.20 ± 15,489.61 ± 20,202.00 = 64,854.81 -6,528.40 1216.40 41620.40 16706.01 57110.01 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 77a 80.58 20.121 -30.303
78a 88,359.61 44,052.00 29,659.00 29,453.20 ± 33,912.24 ± 19,772.67 = 83,138.11 -24,231.70 -7275.58 32269.75 26636.66 66181.99 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 78a 81.45 -44.052 -29.659
79a 87,979.61 38,053.00 29,100.00 29,326.54 ± 29,294.07 ± 19,400.00 = 78,020.61 -19,367.53 -4720.50 34079.50 24573.57 63373.57 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 79a 81.07 38.053 -29.1
80a 88,839.61 44,671.00 25,432.00 29,613.20 ± 34,388.76 ± 16,954.67 = 80,956.63 -21,730.22 -4535.84 29373.49 29852.92 63762.25 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 80a 81.93 -44.671 -25.432
92a 70,549.61 23,922.00 30,913.00 23,516.54 ± 18,415.70 ± 20,608.67 = 62,540.91 -15,507.83 -6299.98 34917.35 12115.72 53333.06 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 92a 63.64 -23.922 -30.913
109a 114,539.61 154.00 26,691.00 38,179.87 ± 118.55 ± 17,794.00 = 56,092.42 20,267.32 20326.60 55914.60 20445.15 56033.15 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 109a 107.63 0.154 -26.691
113a 94,899.61 1,223.00 29,805.00 31,633.20 ± 941.49 ± 19,870.00 = 52,444.70 10,821.71 11292.46 51032.46 12233.95 51973.95 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 113a 87.99 1.223 -29.805
222a 115,079.61 20,494.00 28,890.00 38,359.87 ± 15,776.75 ± 19,260.00 = 73,396.62 3,323.12 11211.50 49731.50 26988.25 65508.25 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 222a 108.17 -20.494 28.89
223a 111,089.61 3,105.00 28,981.00 37,029.87 ± 2,390.30 ± 19,320.67 = 58,740.84 15,318.90 16514.05 55155.39 18904.36 57545.69 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 223a 104.18 -3.105 -28.981
224a 111,379.61 24,442.00 29,204.00 37,126.54 ± 18,816.01 ± 19,469.33 = 75,411.88 -1,158.81 8249.20 47187.87 27065.21 66003.88 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 224a 104.47 -24.442 29.204

Pile diameter : 400 mm Dimensi pile cap

PILE ARRANGEMENT
Formula A 5.29
No X (m) Y (m) X2 (m2) Y2 (m2) tf 0.7
1
1 -0.75 0.75 0.5625 0.5625 -0.9 0.9 Preaction Mx Ymax My Xmax 2400
Ppile = ± ±
2 0.75 0.75 0.5625 0.5625 0.8
n pile Σ Yi2 Σ Xi2
3 -0.75 -0.75 0.5625 0.5625 0.6
4 0.75 -0.75 0.5625 0.5625 Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
0.4
0.2
Ppile = 0.250 Preaction ± 0.333 Mx ± 0.33333 My
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-0.2
TOTAL 2.25 2.25
-0.4
X max = 0.75 m -0.6
Y max = 0.75 m -0.8

n pile = 4 pile -0.9 0.9
-1
Pload Mx My PILE REACTION DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON PILES

13a 204,687.20 30,018.00 40,643.00 51,171.80 ± 10,006.00 ± 13,547.67 = 74,725.47 27,618.13 47,630.13 74,725.47 27,618.13 47,630.13 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 13a 195.8 30.018 40.643
P1
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
74,725.47 47,630.13 54,713.47 27,618.13 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok
P2
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
27,618.13 54,713.47 47,630.13 74,725.47 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok
P3
P4-a P4-b P4-c P4-d
54,713.47 27,618.13 74,725.47 47,630.13 P4 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok
16a 185,657.20 36,088.00 31,562.00 46,414.30 ± 12,029.33 ± 10,520.67 = 68,964.30 23,864.30 47,922.97 68,964.30 23,864.30 47,922.97 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 16a 176.77 -36.088 31.562
60a 134,177.20 45,942.00 30,744.00 33,544.30 ± 15,314.00 ± 10,248.00 = 59,106.30 7,982.30 38,610.30 59,106.30 7,982.30 38,610.30 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 60a 125.29 -45.942 30.744
61a 181,457.20 4,661.00 38,769.00 45,364.30 ± 1,553.67 ± 12,923.00 = 59,840.97 30,887.63 33,994.97 59,840.97 30,887.63 33,994.97 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 61a 172.57 -4.661 -38.769
83a 186,357.20 39,791.00 30,762.00 46,589.30 ± 13,263.67 ± 10,254.00 = 70,106.97 23,071.63 49,598.97 70,106.97 23,071.63 49,598.97 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 83a 177.47 -39.791 -30.762
84a 192,407.20 13,893.00 40,059.00 48,101.80 ± 4,631.00 ± 13,353.00 = 66,085.80 30,117.80 39,379.80 66,085.80 30,117.80 39,379.80 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 84a 183.52 -13.893 -40.059
88a 131,197.20 13,832.00 30,127.00 32,799.30 ± 4,610.67 ± 10,042.33 = 47,452.30 18,146.30 27,367.63 47,452.30 18,146.30 27,367.63 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 88a 122.31 -13.832 30.127
217a 207,467.20 23,227.00 36,352.00 51,866.80 ± 7,742.33 ± 12,117.33 = 71,726.47 32,007.13 47,491.80 71,726.47 32,007.13 47,491.80 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 217a 198.58 -23.227 36.352
219a 126,787.20 17,648.00 39,655.00 31,696.80 ± 5,882.67 ± 13,218.33 = 50,797.80 12,595.80 24,361.13 50,797.80 12,595.80 24,361.13 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 219a 117.9 -17.648 -39.655
220a 187,237.20 26,248.00 37,530.00 46,809.30 ± 8,749.33 ± 12,510.00 = 68,068.63 25,549.97 43,048.63 68,068.63 25,549.97 43,048.63 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 220a 178.35 26.248 37.53
221a 182,727.20 27,996.00 41,392.00 45,681.80 ± 9,332.00 ± 13,797.33 = 68,811.13 22,552.47 41,216.47 68,811.13 22,552.47 41,216.47 P1 90,890.41 ok 77,069.79 ok 221a 173.84 27.996 41.392

Page : 152

PILE ARRANGEMENT
Pile diameter : 400 mm
1 Formula
No X (m) Y (m) X2 (m2) Y2 (m2) -0.9 0.9
0.8
1 -1.061 1.061 1.125721 1.125721 Preaction Mx Ymax My Xmax
2 1.061 1.061 1.125721 1.125721 0.6 Ppile =
n pile ± Σ
± Σ
Yi2 Xi2
3 -1.061 -1.061 1.125721 1.125721
0.4
4 1.061 -1.061 1.125721 1.125721 0.2

Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
5 0 0 0 0
0 0
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
-0.2
-0.4
TOTAL 4.502884 4.502884
-0.6
X max = 1.061 m -0.8

-0.9 0.9
Y max = 1.061 m -1
n pile = 5 pile CL COLUMN X-DIRECTION
Pload Mx My PILE REACTION DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON PILES Joint F3 M1 M2

Joint
14a 328,304.16 17,435.00 42,664.00 65,660.83 ± 4,108.15 ± 10,052.78 = 79,821.77 51,499.90 59,716.21 79,821.77 51,499.90 59,716.21 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 14a 313.97 17.435 42.664
P1
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
79,821.77 59,716.21 71,605.46 51,499.90 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P2
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
51,499.90 71,605.46 59,716.21 79,821.77 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P3
P4-a P4-b P4-c P4-d
71,605.46 51,499.90 79,821.77 59,716.21 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P4
57a 232,434.16 38,723.00 39,098.00 46,486.83 ± 9,124.18 ± 9,212.54 = 64,823.54 28,150.12 46,398.47 64,823.54 28,150.12 46,398.47 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 57a 218.1 38.723 39.098
85a 228,764.16 47,731.00 38,696.00 45,752.83 ± 11,246.70 ± 9,117.81 = 66,117.35 25,388.32 47,881.72 66,117.35 25,388.32 47,881.72 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 85a 214.43 47.731 38.696
89a 215,354.16 43,863.00 38,931.00 43,070.83 ± 10,335.30 ± 9,173.19 = 62,579.32 23,562.35 44,232.94 62,579.32 23,562.35 44,232.94 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 89a 201.02 43.863 38.931
213a 371,934.16 18,226.00 270.00 74,386.83 ± 4,294.53 ± 63.62 = 78,744.99 70,028.68 78,617.75 78,744.99 70,028.68 78,617.75 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 213a 357.6 18.226 0.27
214a 349,434.16 10,993.00 753.00 69,886.83 ± 2,590.25 ± 177.43 = 72,654.50 67,119.16 72,299.65 72,654.50 67,119.16 72,299.65 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 214a 335.1 -10.993 0.753
60a 139,624.16 45,942.00 30,744.00 27,924.83 ± 10,825.16 ± 7,244.11 = 45,994.11 9,855.56 31,505.89 45,994.11 9,855.56 31,505.89 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 60a 125.29 -45.942 30.744

PILE ARRANGEMENT
Pile diameter : 400 mm
Formula
X2 (m2) Y2 (m2)
1.5
No X (m) Y (m)
1 -0.60 1.20 0.36 1.44 -0.60 0.60 Preaction Mx Ymax My Xmax
2 -0.60 0.00 0.36 0
Ppile =
n pile ± Σ
± Σ
Yi2 Xi2
1
3 -0.60 -1.20 0.36 1.44

4 0.60 1.20 0.36 1.44 0.5 Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
5 0.60 0.00 0.36 0
6 0.60 -1.20 0.36 1.44 -0.60 0 0.60
-0.80 -0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80
TOTAL 2.16 5.76 -0.5
X max = 0.60 m -1
Y max = 1.20 m -0.60 0.60
n pile = 6 pile -1.5

Pload Mx My PILE REACTION DISTRIBUTED LOADS ON PILE

(kg) (kgm) (kgm) CALCULATION Pmax Pmin P1-a P1-b P1-c P1-d P1 Pcompression Check Ptension Check
14a 328,485.20 17,435.00 42,664.00 54,747.53 ± 3,632.29 ± 11,851.11 = 70,230.94 39,264.13 46,528.71 70,230.94 39,264.13 62,966.35 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 14a 313.97 17.435 42.664
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
P2
42,896.42 66,598.64 42,896.42 66,598.64 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
P3
39,264.13 62,966.35 46,528.71 70,230.94 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok
P4-a P4-b P4-c P4-d
P4
70,230.94 46,528.71 62,966.35 39,264.13 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok
P5-a P5-b P5-c P5-d
P5
66,598.64 42,896.42 66,598.64 42,896.42 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok
P6-a P6-b P6-c P6-d
P6
62,966.35 39,264.13 70,230.94 46,528.71 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok
59a 322,535.20 43,026.00 37,818.00 53,755.87 ± 8,963.75 ± 10,505.00 = 73,224.62 34,287.12 52,214.62 73,224.62 34,287.12 55,297.12 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 59a 308.02 -43.026 37.818
63a 292,005.20 3,088.00 37,566.00 48,667.53 ± 643.33 ± 10,435.00 = 59,745.87 37,589.20 38,875.87 59,745.87 37,589.20 58,459.20 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 63a 277.49 3.088 -37.566
81a 359,945.20 32,066.00 40,218.00 59,990.87 ± 6,680.42 ± 11,171.67 = 77,842.95 42,138.78 55,499.62 77,842.95 42,138.78 64,482.12 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 81a 345.43 -32.066 -40.218
82a 341,885.20 14,951.00 37,571.00 56,980.87 ± 3,114.79 ± 10,436.39 = 70,532.05 43,429.69 49,659.27 70,532.05 43,429.69 64,302.46 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 82a 327.37 14.951 -37.571
87a 339,125.20 731.00 34,737.00 56,520.87 ± 152.29 ± 9,649.17 = 66,322.33 46,719.41 47,023.99 66,322.33 46,719.41 66,017.74 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 87a 324.61 0.731 -34.737
91a 317,875.20 44,785.00 37,404.00 52,979.20 ± 9,330.21 ± 10,390.00 = 72,699.41 33,258.99 51,919.41 72,699.41 33,258.99 54,038.99 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 91a 303.36 -44.785 37.404
215a 492,795.20 9,471.00 2,235.00 82,132.53 ± 1,973.13 ± 620.83 = 84,726.49 79,538.58 83,484.83 84,726.49 79,538.58 80,780.24 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 215a 478.28 9.471 2.235
216a 291,385.20 41,353.00 36,725.00 48,564.20 ± 8,615.21 ± 10,201.39 = 67,380.80 29,747.60 46,978.02 67,380.80 29,747.60 50,150.38 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 216a 276.87 -41.353 36.725
218a 309,575.20 40,768.00 36,947.00 51,595.87 ± 8,493.33 ± 10,263.06 = 70,352.26 32,839.48 49,826.14 70,352.26 32,839.48 53,365.59 P1 86,988.23 ok 73,760.96 ok 218a 295.06 -40.768 36.947

Page : 153


Formula
No X (m) Y (m) X2 (m2) Y2 (m2) 1.5
Ppile = ± ±
Σ Σ
-0.60 0.60
2 0.6 1.2 0.36 1.44 n pile Yi2 Xi2
1
3 -1.2 0 1.44 0
4 0 0 0 0 Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
5 1.2 0 1.44 0 0.5
6 -0.6 -1.2 0.36 1.44 Ppile = 0.143 Preaction ± 0.208 Mx ± 0.2778 My

7 0.6 -1.2 0.36 1.44 -1.20 0 0.00 1.20
-1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
0 0
-0.5
TOTAL 4.32 5.76
X max = 1.2 m -1
Y max = 1.2 m -0.60 0.60


58a 522,398.98 2,833.00 1,787.00 74,628.43 ± 590.21 ± 496.39 = 75,715.02 73,541.83 74,970.44 75,466.83 73,790.02 74,286.41 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 58a 506.77 -2.833 1.787
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
P2
75,466.83 74,970.44 74,286.41 73,790.02 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
P3
74,132.04 75,124.81 74,132.04 75,124.81 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P4-a P4-b P4-c P4-d
P4
74,628.43 74,628.43 74,628.43 74,628.43 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P5-a P5-b P5-c P5-d
P5
75,124.81 74,132.04 75,124.81 74,132.04 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P6-a P6-b P6-c P6-d
P6
73,790.02 74,286.41 74,970.44 75,466.83 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
P7-a P7-b P7-c P7-d
P7
74,286.41 73,790.02 75,466.83 74,970.44 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok
62a 382,368.98 28,172.00 40,354.00 54,624.14 ± 5,869.17 ± 11,209.44 = 71,702.75 37,545.53 54,888.58 66,098.03 43,150.25 54,359.70 P1 83,086.04 ok 70,452.13 ok 62a 366.74 28.172 -40.354


Formula
2 2 2 2
No X (m) Y (m) X (m ) Y (m ) 1.5
2 0 1.044 0 1.089936
Ppile =
n pile ± Σ
± Σ
-1.20 1 0.00 1.20 Yi2 Xi2
3 1.2 1.044 1.44 1.089936
4 -0.6 0 0.36 0 Ppile which to be calculated is in position Xmax and Ymax
5 0.6 0 0.36 0 0.5
6 -1.2 -1.044 1.44 1.089936 Ppile = 0.125 Preaction ± 0.160 Mx ± 0.1852 My

7 0 -1.044 0 1.089936 -0.60 0 0.60
-1.50 -1.00 -0.50 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50
8 1.2 -1.044 1.44 1.089936
-0.5
TOTAL 6.48 6.539616
X max = 1.2 m -1.20

-1
0.00 1.20
Y max = 1.044 m

86a 448,544.40 29,617.00 35,787.00 56,068.05 ± 4,728.13 ± 6,627.22 = 67,423.40 44,712.70 54,168.96 67,423.40 44,712.70 57,967.14 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok 86a 428.67 29.617 35.787
P2-a P2-b P2-c P2-d
P2
60,796.18 60,796.18 51,339.92 51,339.92 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P3-a P3-b P3-c P3-d
P3
67,423.40 54,168.96 57,967.14 44,712.70 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P4-a P4-b P4-c P4-d
P4
52,754.44 59,381.66 52,754.44 59,381.66 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P5-a P5-b P5-c P5-d
P5
59,381.66 52,754.44 59,381.66 52,754.44 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P6-a P6-b P6-c P6-d
P6
44,712.70 57,967.14 54,168.96 67,423.40 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P7-a P7-b P7-c P7-d
P7
51,339.92 51,339.92 60,796.18 60,796.18 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok
P8-a P8-b P8-c P8-d
P8
57,967.14 57,967.14 57,967.14 57,967.14 79,964.29 Ok 67,805.07 Ok
90b 468,214.40 28,367.00 38,087.00 58,526.80 ± 4,528.58 ± 7,053.15 = 70,108.52 46,945.08 56,002.23 70,108.52 46,945.08 61,051.37 P1 79,964.29 ok 67,805.07 ok 90b 448.34 28.367 38.087

Page : 154
9.6 Pile Group and Slab Settlements
The settlement of a pile group is exactly equal to the displacement of the pile point plus the elastic
shortening of the pile between initial elevation cap and end elevation cap. Settlement of pile group
estimation can be estimated using the following procedure:
• Work load at the top of pile group must be moved to 2/3 depth of pile. Settlement between top
pile to 2/3 pile can be ignored.
• Work load at 2/3 pile distributed to the bottom of pile with spread assumption vertical :
horizontal is 1 : 2.
Figure 9-7 Stress distribution at settlement of group pile
Settlement calculation formula use from Terzaghi and Peck (1967)
Normally consolidation
Over consolidation
• Case 1 (P’0 + ΔP) < Pc
• Case 2 (P’0 + ΔP) > Pc
Where :
Sg = settlement of group pile
Cc = compression index
Cr = recompression index
H = thick of layers
e0 = initial void ratio
P’0 = initial effective stress
ΔP = additional stress
Pc = pre-consolidation stress

Page : 155
Table 9-2. OCR Calculation

BH2
Depth (m) γ Cr Cc P'0 Pc ΔP OCR
3.5 7 0.23 0.7142 24.5 124.5 0.605917 5.081633
11.5 8.6 0.14 0.625 98.9 131.55 0.06508 1.330131
31.5 5.5 0.5556 0.7142 173.25 136.25 - 0.786436
Based on lab results, from two samples at a depth of 3.5 m and 11.5 m has been have over
consolidation with OCR value greater than 1. So the settlement calculation using a formula over
consolidation case 1 because the value (P'0 + ΔP) <Pc.
Table 9-3 Pile Group Settlement
Settlement Pile Calculation - Terzaghi and Pack (1967)

P 57.6 kN
b 0.4 m
l 0.4 m
z0 0m
Thick of
No Depth z (m) γ (kN/m3) σ v' (kN/m2) Cr eo ∆σ (kN/m2) Settment (m)
layers (m)
1 0.5 1 7 3.5 0.23 1.36 11.3777778 0.061179204
2 1.5 1 7 10.5 0.23 1.36 2.55290859 0.009200973
3 2.5 1 7 17.5 0.23 1.36 1.09583829 0.002567772
4 3.5 1 7 24.5 0.23 1.36 0.60591716 0.001032844
5 4.5 1 7 31.5 0.23 1.36 0.38384007 0.000512048
6 5.5 1 7 38.5 0.23 1.36 0.26475151 0.000289729
7 6.5 1 7 45.5 0.23 1.36 0.19357278 0.000179479
8 7.5 1 7 52.5 0.23 1.36 0.14766864 0.000118747
9 8.5 1 7 59.5 0.23 1.36 0.11634895 8.25895E-05
10 9.5 1 7 66.5 0.23 1.36 0.09403122 5.97375E-05
11 10.5 1 7 73.5 0.23 1.36 0.07756923 4.4594E-05
12 11.5 1 8 92 0.14 0.94 0.06508015 2.21146E-05
13 12.5 1 8 100 0.14 0.94 0.05538129 1.73147E-05
14 13.5 1 8 108 0.14 0.94 0.04769939 1.38091E-05
15 14.5 1 8 116 0.14 0.94 0.04151164 1.11894E-05
16 15.5 1 8 124 0.14 0.94 0.03645425 -
17 16.5 1 8 132 0.14 0.94 0.03226778 -
18 17.5 1 8 140 0.14 0.94 0.02876315 -
19 18.5 1 8 148 0.14 0.94 0.02579995 -
20 19.5 1 8 156 0.14 0.94 0.02327214 -
21 20.5 1 8 164 0.14 0.94 0.02109842 -
22 21.5 1 8 172 0.14 0.94 0.01921561 3.4936E-06
23 22.5 1 8 180 0.14 0.94 0.01757404 3.05316E-06
24 23.5 1 8 188 0.14 0.94 0.01613417 2.68375E-06
25 24.5 1 8 196 0.14 0.94 0.01486428 2.37161E-06
26 25.5 1 8 204 0.14 0.94 0.01373861 -
27 26.5 1 8 212 0.14 0.94 0.01273614 -
Total 0.000381698 m
0.381697776 mm

Page : 156
From calculation, the pile settlement is 0,38 mm. Maximum settlement allowed for pile is 2,5 cm. So
the pile settlement is in safe limits because the result is smaller than 2,5 cm.
45 m
7.5 m
Figure 9-8. Plan Slab Dimention

Page : 157
Table 9-4 Slab Settlement

Settlement Slab Calculation - Terzaghi and Pack (1967)
P 15 kN
b 3.75 m
l 22.5 m
z0 0m
Depth z Thick of ∆σ Settment

No γ (kN/m3)σ v' (kN/m2 Cr eo
(m) layers (kN/m2) (m)
1 0.5 1 7 3.5 0.23 1.36 12.94757 0.06542
2 1.5 1 7 10.5 0.23 1.36 10.04464 0.028377
3 2.5 1 7 17.5 0.23 1.36 8.1 0.016082
4 3.5 1 7 24.5 0.23 1.36 6.714191 0.010239
5 4.5 1 7 31.5 0.23 1.36 5.681818 0.007011
6 5.5 1 7 38.5 0.23 1.36 4.886583 0.005052
7 6.5 1 7 45.5 0.23 1.36 4.25778 0.003782
8 7.5 1 7 52.5 0.23 1.36 3.75 0.002917
9 8.5 1 7 59.5 0.23 1.36 3.332785 0.002304
10 9.5 1 7 66.5 0.23 1.36 2.984965 0.001856
11 10.5 1 7 73.5 0.23 1.36 2.691388 0.00152
12 11.5 1 8 92 0.14 0.94 2.440935 0.000819
13 12.5 1 8 100 0.14 0.94 2.225275 0.000688
14 13.5 1 8 108 0.14 0.94 2.038043 0.000585
15 14.5 1 8 116 0.14 0.94 1.874306 0.000501
16 15.5 1 8 124 0.14 0.94 1.730178 -
17 16.5 1 8 132 0.14 0.94 1.602564 -
18 17.5 1 8 140 0.14 0.94 1.488971 -
19 18.5 1 8 148 0.14 0.94 1.387366 -
20 19.5 1 8 156 0.14 0.94 1.296083 -
21 20.5 1 8 164 0.14 0.94 1.213738 -
22 21.5 1 8 172 0.14 0.94 1.139176 0.000206
23 22.5 1 8 180 0.14 0.94 1.071429 0.000186
24 23.5 1 8 188 0.14 0.94 1.009673 0.000168
25 24.5 1 8 196 0.14 0.94 0.95321 0.000152
26 25.5 1 8 204 0.14 0.94 0.901442 -
27 26.5 1 8 212 0.14 0.94 0.853854 -
Total 0.054068 m
54.06779 mm
The requirement of stiffness L / 300, slab settlement have limit in 7,5 cm. From the slab settlement
calculation, slab decrease is 5,4 cm. So slab settlement is in safe limits because the result is smaller
than 7,5 cm.

Page : 158
9.7 Borepile Design
The ultimate lateral capacity can be calculated using LPILE Version 4. The ultimate lateral capacities
determined based on lateral deflection of each pile which is limited 0.5 inch or 0.0127 m.
The pile lateral capacity are 10 ton, and depends on table below, therefore for each column is
supported by one pile based on lateral capacity. Pile bending moment from lateral capacity as seen
on diagram below is 130.6871 kN-m at pile head and 100.0950 kN for maximum shear force from
lateral capacity at pile head.

Page : 159
Figure 9-9. Bending Moment Graphic
Figure 9-10. Shear force graphic

Page : 160
Tabel 1 Lateral Pile Check

Max Lateral Number Max Lateral Force Lateral Capacity
Joint Check !
Force (ton) of Pile for 1 Pile (ton) for 1 Pile (ton)
4 12.1 3 4.03 10 Ok!
3 -11.5 3 -3.82 10 Ok!
1 13.1 3 4.35 10 Ok!
2 -12.2 3 -4.06 10 Ok!
8 12.7 3 4.23 10 Ok!
7 -12.4 3 -4.14 10 Ok!
6 12.9 3 4.30 10 Ok!
5 -12.7 3 -4.22 10 Ok!
12 12.1 3 4.05 10 Ok!
11 -11.8 3 -3.94 10 Ok!
10 12.2 3 4.07 10 Ok!
9 -11.9 3 -3.97 10 Ok!
16 21.4 4 5.35 10 Ok!
15 23.7 5 4.74 10 Ok!
14 20.9 6 3.48 10 Ok!
13 -23.5 4 -5.87 10 Ok!
60 10.6 5 2.12 10 Ok!
59 26.7 6 4.45 10 Ok!
58 21.4 7 3.06 10 Ok!
57 -27.5 5 -5.49 10 Ok!
64 -7.1 3 -2.36 10 Ok!
63 26.3 6 4.38 10 Ok!
62 -21.4 7 -3.06 10 Ok!
61 -25.2 4 -6.29 10 Ok!
216 24.5 6 4.09 10 Ok!
213 -20.6 5 -4.11 10 Ok!
217 11.5 4 2.88 10 Ok!
214 13.3 5 2.65 10 Ok!
218 24.4 6 4.07 10 Ok!
215 -22.6 6 -3.77 10 Ok!
92 7.2 3 2.39 10 Ok!
91 27.1 6 4.52 10 Ok!
90 -21.1 8 -2.64 10 Ok!
89 -26.7 5 -5.33 10 Ok!
88 10.9 4 2.71 10 Ok!
87 27.7 6 4.62 10 Ok!
86 -21.8 8 -2.72 10 Ok!
85 -28.4 5 -5.69 10 Ok!
83 22.3 4 5.59 10 Ok!
82 26.3 6 4.39 10 Ok!
81 -22.3 6 -3.72 10 Ok!
84 -25.2 4 -6.30 10 Ok!
80 12.2 3 4.07 10 Ok!
79 -12.1 3 -4.02 10 Ok!
78 12.4 3 4.13 10 Ok!
77 -12.1 3 -4.04 10 Ok!
76 13.1 3 4.36 10 Ok!
75 -13.0 3 -4.33 10 Ok!
74 13.4 3 4.45 10 Ok!
73 -13.1 3 -4.38 10 Ok!
72 12.4 3 4.15 10 Ok!
71 -12.4 3 -4.13 10 Ok!
70 12.9 3 4.30 10 Ok!
69 -12.7 3 -4.24 10 Ok!
68 11.5 3 3.83 10 Ok!
67 -11.5 3 -3.82 10 Ok!
66 13.3 3 4.42 10 Ok!
65 -13.0 3 -4.33 10 Ok!
113 6.9 3 2.29 10 Ok!
109 -6.8 3 -2.28 10 Ok!
224 -6.5 3 -2.17 10 Ok!
222 6.3 3 2.11 10 Ok!
223 6.5 3 2.18 10 Ok!
219 -13.2 4 -3.31 10 Ok!
220 -14.7 4 -3.68 10 Ok!
221 -15.4 4 -3.84 10 Ok!
From the calculation with PCACOL program, numbers of rebar that used in borepile is 8 with diameter
of rebar is 25 milimeter for pile head and 6 with diameter of rebar is 25 milimeter . Stirrup bar use
diameter 13 mm with 150 mm spacing.

Page : 161
Figure 9-11. PCACOL result
Figure 9-12. PCACOL graphic

BITA ENARCON ENGINEERING
HEAD OFFICE
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Phone : +62 227202748 (Hunt), Fax: +62 22 7202749
Email : bita@bita.co.id
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Phone : +62 21 5790 1030, 7093 1291, Fax: +62 21 5790 1291
Email : bita‐eng@indo.net.id
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Jl. Attaka
Jl Attaka Besar (Pasir Ridge), Komplek
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Blok F No 7 Balikpapan 76111
Phone : +62 542 – 7070515 / 7070514, Fax : +62 542 418394
Email : bita_bpn@bita.co.id
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Phone / Fax : +62 274 885370
E il bi
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N A T I O N A L L I B R A R Y O F T I M O R L E S T E

Doc. No.: 2533-D2-SDR-001

PT BITA ENARCON ENGINEERING

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8.3 Slab S2B, t = 120 mm .......................................................................................................... 139

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Figure 1-1. Location of Library Building .................................................................................................. 1

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T:\prj_adm\B E E\Prj\ON-GOING\10-2533\Report\SENT\2016-02-19_Progres Stage D\STRUCTURE-18FEB2016\REPORT\Stage D - PDR Str_Rev C_19-02-16_Rev2-.docx BITA

Table 5-7 Story Drift Due to Seismic Load............................................................................................ 84

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The summary of the mentioned building is as follow:

Figure 1-1. Location of Library Building

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c. Structural Steel : JIS G3192 or ASTM A36/A36M or equal.

2.2 Codes and Standards

In principle, the following codes and standards will be applied.

2.3.1 Dead Load (DL)

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2.3.2 Superimposed Dead Load (SDL)

• Gypsum board 9mm = 1.55 psf = 7.56 kg/m

• Mechanical duct allowance = 4 psf = 19.52 kg/m

• Candi stone (20 mm) = 39 kg/m

Total weight of floor finishing:

Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) + Mortar & Plaster :

Figure 2-1 Lightweight Brick (Hebel AAC-B2) Brochure

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Lightweight brick area weight is determined by the equation below:

Mortar & Plaster weight is determined by the equation below:

• Weight of glass for drop off area: 40 kg/m

2.3.3 Live Load (L)

2.3.4 Wind Load (W)

a) Basic Wind Speed (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.5.1)

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b) Wind Directionality (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.6)

Table 2-1 Wind Directionality Factor (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.6-1)

c) Exposure (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7)

d) Wind Direction and Sectors (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.1)

e) Surface Roughness Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.2)

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f) Exposure Category (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.7.3)

Table 2-2 Exposure Constants (ASCE 7-10 Table 26.9-1)

g) Topographic Effects (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.8)

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• Topographic Factor (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.8.2)

where K1, K2, and K3 are given in Table 2-3

Table 2-3 Topographic Factor, Kzt

h) Gust-Effect Factor (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.9)

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i) Enclosure Classification (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.10)

• Building, Partially Closed

A building that complies with both of the following conditions:

j) Internal Pressure Coefficients (ASCE 7-10 Section 26.11)

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k) Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient (ASCE 7-10 Section 27.3.1)

Table 2-5 Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient, Kh and Kz

l) Velocity Pressure (ASCE 7-10 Section 27.3.2)

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q = qz for windward walls evaluated at height z above the ground

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Table 2-6 External Pressure Coefficients, Cp

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