Technical Information

Epoxy Curing with INVISTA Diamines

NH 2

H2N NH 2
NH 2
DYTEK® A amine
2-Methylpentamethylenediamine
DYTEK® DCH-99 amine
1,2-Diaminocyclohexane

H2N NH 2

DYTEK® EP diamine
1,3-Pentanediamine

Epoxy resins cured with DYTEK® amines have
excellent properties for use in coating, civil
engineering, adhesive, and composite
applications. These properties include greater
flexibility for DYTEK® A amine, better chemical
resistance and extremely low odor and low color
for DYTEK® EP diamine, best chemical
resistance and higher glass transition
®
temperature for DYTEK DCH-99 amine, and a
lower adduct viscosity for DYTEK® A amine,
DYTEK® EP diamine, and DYTEK® DCH-99
amine versus competitive amines.
Three series of tests, summarized in Tables 1–3,
were done for each of the amines to measure
their performance with a standard epoxy resin
and with two basic epoxy formulations.
Isophoronediamine (IPDA) was included in the
test series for comparative purposes.
Stoichiometric amounts of each amine were
used to cure the resin in all three series. A 24-hr
cure at 23°C followed by a 16-hr post-cure at
70°C was used for all formulations. The
stoichiometry and cure schedule used may not
be optimal in each case. For example, the
DYTEK® EP diamine, DYTEK® DCH-99 amine,
and IPDA formulations reported in Tables 1 and
2 were not completely cured using the test cure
schedule.
Table 1 summarizes the process properties,
mechanical properties, and chemical resistance
of Epon® 828 resin cured with DYTEK® A amines
and DYTEK® EP diamines, and with DYTEK®
DCH-99 amine and IPDA.
Table 2 summarizes the properties of an Epon®
828 and Grilonit® RV 1812 (hexanediol
diglycidylether) resin blend cured with the same
diamines.
Table 3 summarizes the properties of the same
resin blend cured with four amine adducts.
These adducts were prepared by reacting each
diamine with Epon® 828 resin in benzyl alcohol
using a 5:1 molar ratio of diamine to resin.
These amine adducts have low viscosities.
Higher levels of adduction, 4:1 molar ratio of
diamine to resin, are recommended to optimize
surface properties.
The DIN test methods used are listed at the
bottom of page 5 along with reference to similar
ASTM methods.

14 March 2012
 Table 1
Properties of a Standard Epoxy Resin Cured with Amines
Test Method DYTEK® A DYTEK® EP DYTEK® DCH-99 IPDA
amine diamine amine

Resin
®
Epon 828 (EEW = 188), wt% 100 100 100 100
®
Grilonit RV 1812 (EEW = 142), wt% 0 0 0 0
Resin EEW 188 188 188 188
Amine
Class Aliphatic Aliphatic Cycloaliphatic Cycloaliphatic
HEW 29.0 25.5 28.5 43
Curative Formulation
Amine, wt% 100 100 100 100
Concentration, phr 15.4 13.6 15.2 22.9
Process Properties
Viscositya, cP ISO 2431 900 600 1400 1900
Gel Timeb, tgel, min ASTM D2471 55 73 145 145
Potlifec, t40°C, min ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 37 41 65 73
Maximum Temperature
Tmax., °C 252 230 230 210
Time to Exotherm, tTmax., min ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 50 55 88 100
Cure Conditions
Cure, 24 hr, °C 23 23 23 23
Post-Cure, 16 hr, °C 70 70 70 70
Mechanical Properties
Tg, (DSC), 2nd run, °C ASTM E1356 115 133 176 158
Tg, (DSC), 1st run, °C ASTM E1356 97 99 100 107
HDT, °C DIN 53461 84 92 94 97
Shore D Hardness DIN 53505 78 82 86 86
Izod Impact Strength,
Unnotched, ft-lbf/in2 ISO 180-82 8.8 6.2 6.0 7.1
Charpy Impact Strength,
ft-lbf/in2 5.9 4.3 4.8 6.9
Flexural Strength, psi X 103 DIN 53452 14.8 16.7 12.8 12.1
Elasticity Modulus, psi X 103 DIN 53452 370 415 439 377
Tensile Strength, psi X 103 DIN 53455 10.0 10.9 4.4 6.4
Elongation at Break, % DIN 53455 6.6 5.3 2.4 2.1
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion DIN 53752
αT X 106, m/m°C
Temperature Range, °C:
–20 to 20 58.7 55.2 54.4 53.0
23 to 40 65.4 64.1 61.4 58.8
–20 to 40 60.6 57.7 56.4 54.6
Chemical Resistance ISO 175 % weight gain after 4 weeks immersion at 23°C
Demineralized Water –0.17 –0.22 –0.15 –0.01
10% Sodium Hydroxide 0.66 0.88 0.75 0.80
10% Hydrochloric Acid 1.56 1.26 0.59 1.63
10% Acetic Acid 7.44 0.59 2.01 4.09
Gasoline (DIN 51600d) 0.20 –0.05 0.66 0.41
Xylene 0.22 –0.23 0.12 0.47

aViscosity was measured immediately after mixing the resin and amine.
bGel time: Time for a 120 mL sample at 23°C to reach the gel point.
cPotlife: Time for a 100 mL sample at 23°C to reach 40°C.
dGerman specification for premium (high octane) leaded gasoline.
 Table 2
Properties of an Epoxy Resin Blend Cured with Amines

Test Method DYTEK® A DYTEK® EP DYTEK® DCH-99 IPDA

amine diamine amine

Resin
®
Epon 828 (EEW = 188), wt% 80 80 80 80
®
Grilonit RV 1812 (EEW = 142), wt% 20 20 20 20
Resin EEW 179 179 179 179
Amine
Class Aliphatic Aliphatic Cycloaliphatic Cycloaliphatic
HEW 29.0 25.5 28.5 43
Curative Formulation
Amine, wt% 100 100 100 100
Concentration, phr 16.2 14.3 16.0 24.0
Process Properties
Viscositya, cP DIN 53211 160 160 290 280
Gel Timeb, tgel, min ASTM D2471 45 60 135 115
Potlifec, t40°C, min ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 20 24 52 66
Maximum Temperature
Tmax., °C 255 222 223 203
Time to Exotherm, tTmax.,min ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 40 40 77 95
Cure Conditions
Cure, 24 hr, °C 23 23 23 23
Post-Cure, 16 hr, °C 70°C 70°C 70°C 70°C
Mechanical Properties
Tg, (DSC), 2nd run, °C ASTM E1356 83 96 130 120
Tg, (DSC), 1st run, °C ASTM E1356 81 87 100 104
HDT, °C DIN 53461 60 78 94 91
Shore D Hardness DIN 53505 78 84 84 85
Chemical Resistance ISO 175 % weight gain after 4 weeks immersion at 23°C
Demineralized Water 0.29 0.00 0.10 0.14
10% Sodium Hydroxide 0.87 0.82 0.94 0.94
10% Hydrochloric Acid 4.41 3.42 1.62 3.17
10% Acetic Acid 12.52 3.71 7.09 6.75
Gasoline (DIN 51600d) 0.20 0.34 0.45 0.44
Xylene 0.25 0.25 0.45 0.45
a
Viscosity was measured immediately after mixing the resin and amine.
b
Gel time: Time for a 120 mL sample at 23°C to reach the gel point.
c
Potlife: Time for a 100 mL sample at 23°C to reach 40°C.
d
German specification for premium (high octane) leaded gasoline.
 Table 3
Properties of an Epoxy Resin Blend Cured with Amine Adducts

Test Method DYTEK® A DYTEK® EP DYTEK® DCH-99 IPDA

amine diamine amine
Resin
Epon® 828 (EEW = 188), wt% 80 80 80 80
Grilonit® RV 1812 (EEW = 142), wt% 20 20 20 20
Resin EEW 179 179 179 179
Amine
Class Aliphatic Aliphatic Cycloaliphatic Cycloaliphatic
HEW 29.0 25.5 28.5 43
Curative Formulation
Amine, wt% 38.8 35.8 38.8 48.2
Epon® 828 (EEW = 188), wt% 25.1 26.3 25.1 21.3
Benzyl Alcohol, wt% 36.1 37.9 36.1 30.6
Molar Ratio (diamine:resin) 5:1 5:1 5:1 5:1
Adduct Viscosity, 21.5°C, cP 7.5 6.5 17.5 86.5
Adduct HEW 83 79 82 98
Concentration, phr 46.5 44 46 55
Process Properties
Viscositya, cP DIN 53211 730 680 700 1330
Gel Timeb, tgel, min ASTM D2471 20 40 80 60
Potlifec, t40°C, min ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 7 20 20 27
Maximum Temperature
Tmax., °C 207 181 170 176
Time to Exotherm, tTmax., ZTV-SIB-TP-OS 17 35 40 54
min.
Dry Time, Dust-free, hr DIN 53150 3.5 7 7 4
Cure Conditions
Cure, 24 hr, °C 23°C 23°C 23°C 23°C
Post-Cure, 16 hr, °C 70°C 70°C 70°C 70°C
Mechanical Properties
Tg, (DSC), 2nd run, °C ASTM E1356 43 52 83 74
Tg, (DSC), 1st run, °C ASTM E1356 38 43 70 41
HDT, °C DIN 53461 35 40 52 50
Shore D Hardness DIN 53505 78 81 80 83
Chemical Resistance ISO 175 % weight gain after 4 weeks immersion at 20°C
Demineralized Water 1.11 1.18 0.63 0.72
10% Sodium Hydroxide 1.54 1.60 1.35 1.42
10% Hydrochloric Acid 5.63 3.76 1.85 2.83
10% Acetic Acid 30.9 7.31 6.54 4.80
Gasoline (DIN 51600d) 0.70 0.63 0.60 0.64
Xylene –0.54 0.52 0.54 0.56
a
Viscosity was measured immediately after mixing the resin and amine.
b
Gel time: Time for a 120 mL sample at 23°C to reach the gel point.
c
Potlife: Time for a 100 mL sample at 23°C to reach 40°C.
d
German specification for premium (high octane) leaded gasoline.
Test Method Equivalents

DIN ASTM Test

53150 D1640 Drying Time

53461 D648 Heat Deformation Temperature

53505 D2240 Shore D Hardness

53452 D790 Flex Properties
53455 D638 Tensile Properties
53752 D3386 Thermal Expansion

For Samples and Information:

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