8.

22 A 2200/220 V, 50 Hz si ogle-phase transformer has emfper tum ofapproximately Hmax =250 AT/m
12 V. Calculate (a) the number of primary and secondary turns (b) the cross-sectional Mean �ore length, Jc = 120 cm
area of the core if the maximum flux density is limited to 1.5 T.
ATma, =250 x 120 x 10 -2=300
Then
Solution
(a) emf/tum= 12 im(max) = 1J5°5 =0.061 A

Primary turns, N1 = 2200 =183.3=183 (integral)

12
i =
<r�')
OH l = 0.043 A

200 = 183 = 18 (integral) t

Secondary turns, N2=
12 9
lt is 0 ° lagging, /; =0
From the circuit model of Fig. 8.8
(b) </>maxi = V(turn) ___!l 71 = 70+ 72'=-j0.043,+2.91+j 2.l 9
4.44 fX l = 4.44 X 50
9
= 2. 1 +j 2.147 = 3.6163 L36.4199
°

= 0.054 Wb or /1 = 3.66 A, pf= cos 37.3°= 0.7 5 lagging 9

We find that consideration of magnetizing current has made very little
Bma,I = </>A-: difference
2 3-66 37 x
l .5 = 0.054 or Ac=0.036 m 100 = 0.63% increase
A 3�]/
Note: In Power System Analysis magnetizing current is normally ignored.
8.23 A 3300/600V, 50Hz transfonner has silicon laminated steel (B-H value of
7.16) and a maximum flux density of 1.27. The core dimensions are cross- sectional 1.24 A 50 kV A, 2400/240V, 50 Hz transformer draws 375 W at 0.4 power factor
area 24 cm2 and mean length 120 cm. Calculate the primary and secondary turns.
Fig. when 2400V is applied to the HV winding and the LV winding is open-circuited. If
The transformer secondary feeds a load of 20A at 0.8 pf lagging. Calculate the primary 240V is applied to the LV winding with HV open-circuited, what current will flow into
cu�ent assuming the transformer to be ideal. die LV winding and at what pf?
Now calculate the magnetizing current assuming resistances and leakage reactance to
be negligible and ignore core loss. Calculate the net current drawn from the supply. lolution
Comment on the results. . 2400
Tumrano,a :::::�= 10
Solution
HV side:
(a) Maximum flux density, Bmu= 1.2T 375
V/0 cos!f4i=375, /0=
24 00 X 0.4
9
= 0.3 1 A
<Pmv.l = 1.2 =Ac =1.2 x 25 x 10-4= 3 mWb
v, v, LV side:
'I'mul = 4.444 fNi
A,
= 4.444 fN2 =3 X ] o-3
9
/0'=0.3 1 X 10=3. 1A 9
Power factor is the same= 0.4 lagging
3300 600
=3 x io-3
4.44 50 N, = 4.44 fN2
,25 A 220/110 V transformer has an impedance of 0.32 + j0.85 Q in the 220 V
We get winding and an impedance of 0.11 + j0.27 Q in the 110 winding. With 220 V applied
9
N, =4 55 N2= 01 9 ID 1hc HV side, a short circuit occurs on the 110 V. What currents will flow in the two
Secondary load, /2 =20 A, 0.8 lagging : windings?
Assuming IT (Ideal transformer)
I,= /2' = (19
° 1
55
)x 20 = 3.637A,0.8 lagging lolutlon
220
Tum ratio,
. a ::::: """"iw =2
72= 2.91+j2.l9 A
To find magnetizing current (core loss negligible): Total impedance as seen on HV side

J
For Bm.,,. = 1.2, it is found from the B-H curve of Fig. 7.16. =(0.32 +j 0.85)+4 (0.11 +j 0.27)