Unit-1 : Unix Operating System

1. What is windowing system of UNIX known as?

2. Name three UNIX Flavors?
3. Where did UNIX development start?
4. Describe operating system services.
5. What are the basic characteristics of UNIX OS?
6. Can you login in UNIX without a password?
7. What does Kernel perform in UNIX architecture?
8. Explain UNIX system structure.
9. What is Sun’s version of UNIX known as?
10. Who is the father of Linux?
11. Who runs Free Software Foundation?
12. Under Which license Linux is distributed?
13. Is source is available freely with Linux OS?
14. What does POSIX stands for?
15. What are the various functions of UNIX OS?
16. Explain the kernel data structure.
17. Briefly explain the history of UNIX operating system.

Unit-2 : The Buffer Cache

1. What are advantages and disadvantages of buffer cache?
2. How data is read from data block?
3. What are Buffer headers?
4. What data is stored in buffer Cache?
5. If Kernel doesn’t find data in Buffer Cache where does it look for it?
6. When a process wants to access data from a file, what does Kernel performs?
7. What is Buffer Cache used for?

8. Define structure of Buffer pool?

9. What is function of Hash Queue?
10. From Where Buffer Cache intakes the data?
11. With examples, explain the different scenarios for retrieval of buffer.
12. How is the block that is ahead read? Explain.
13. Draw a diagram of a buffer header.
14. What is a free list?

Unit- 3 : Internal Representation of Files

1. Does each file in a File System have separate inode number?
2. Write the command to view the inode of a file?
3. What description an inode contains?
4. Write the structure of a regular file?
5. Is directories are also files of UNIX system? Define.
6. What does a pathname holds?
7. What do you mean by listing of a file?
8. Give description of UNIX File System?.
9. What are the naming conventions used for naming a file in UNIX?
10. What is super, inode and data block?
11. How will you list the files in a parent directory?
12. How do you identify directories from the listing of files?
13. Do files in different file system have same inode no.?
14. Does more than 1 file in a file system have same inode no.?
15. What is the command to view only directories on a particular directory?
16. How is the allocation of disk blocks done?
17. Describe the directory structure.
18. In inode assignment to a new file, what happens if inode list in super block is empty?
Unit-4 : The Structure of a Process
1. What is PID and PPID?
2. What are the system calls is used to create a process?
3. Describe various process states.
4. What is User Address Space?
5. State of a process changes from “run” to “blocked/wait” when:
A) Waiting for disk read occurs
B) Time slice expires
C) Waiting for CPU occurs
D) All of the above.
6. Explain Layout of System Memory?
7. What are various contexts of a process?
8. Define Program Counter.
9. Define various process States transitions.
10. How is the context of the process saved?
11. Briefly explain layout of system memory.
12. What does PSW do?

Unit- 5 : Process Control

1. What functions a Fork System call performs?
2. How a process is terminated?
3. What does an init process performs?
4. How a process is scheduled in UNIX system?
5. What are signals used for?
6. When a wait() system call is executed?
7. Define user id of a process?
8. What are system processes?
9. What does init do when a user logs out?
10. What is the output ps -e command?
11. What command is used for long listing of processes?
12. What key is used to generate interrupt signal?
13. How are signals generated?
14. List a few functions that a fork system call must perform.
15. Briefly describe shell.
16. What is the command to view the jobs under execution?

Unit-6 : Inter-Process Communicationand I/O Subsystem

1. What is Inter-process communication (IPC)?
2. Define Process Tracing?
3. Describe various mechanisms of System V IPC?
4. What do you mean by network communication in UNIX?
5. What are basic Internet Protocol?
6. What do you mean by sockets?
7. Define TCP and UDP?
8. What are Port Numbers?
9. What is the contribution of Berkley software distribution?
10. What are driver interfaces?
11. What is the use of Disk Drivers?
12. Write a short note on: Terminal Drivers & Disk Drivers?
13. What are streams in UNIX?
14. Define semaphores.
Unit - 7: Unix Commands
1. What is the logout command used for?
2. Display the output of following commands:-
A. hostname.
B. login
C. passwd
D. cp d1 d2
E. echo $HOME
3. How you print current working directory?
4. Define Relative pathname?
5. Give the steps to change the password of a user currently logged in?

6. What are virtual consoles?

7. What is mkdir and cat command used for?
8. How will you move files from one directory to other?
9. What is the difference between renaming and moving a file? Write commands?
10. How will you delete a directory in a file system?
11. How will you get online help in UNIX?
12. Define and explain different types of wildcards?
13. Explain Redirection of standard output and input?
14. Does the output is shown on terminal for cat new > test command? Explain.
15. Write a note on different types of filters available.
16. How will you change ownership of a file in UNIX?
17. What is pipe and what are its advantages?
18. What is job control? How you will print currently running jobs?
19. What will kill -9 sort do?
20. How will you start background jobs?
21. What is the advantage of man command?
22. Write a short note on Job Control in UNIX?
23. What is grep command used for?
24. How will you change read, write, execute permissions for a file cat1?
25. Draw File permission notation for a file having read permission for owner and others?
26. What is chgrp command used for?
27. What are hard links and symbolic links?
28. What is job control?
29. How will you suspend or interrupt a process running?
30. What is the use of find command?

Unit-8 : Vi Editor

1. Describe functions of vi editor?

2. Define Command mode, input mode and last line mode in vi editor?
3. What are the different commands/keys used in input mode?
4. How do you insert a line before the first line?
5. How do you abort an editing session?
6. How do you move six lines up?

7. How will you replace had with has with the minimum keystrokes?
8. What is the command to open vi editor?
9. How do you move two lines from the beginning of a file to the end?
10. How do you combine 4 lines to one?
11. How do you change an entire line consisting of only lowercase letters to uppercase?
12. How will you ensure that vi automatically saves a file when moving from one file to another?
13. How do you forward to end of word?
14. What are the two ways in which we can change the rest of the line?
15. How do you replace the occurrence of ‘and’ with ‘AND’ in current line?
16. What does the command ‘n’ do?
17. What does ?string command do?
18. Which command would we use if we want to down (forward) 1/2 screen?
Unit - 9 : Shell Programming
1. What is a shell script?
2. Write a shell script to calculate sum of digits entered?
3. How a shell script is executed in terminal?
4. What are variables and how they are created?
5. How we references variables in a script?
6. What is expr command used in script?
7. How you use test command with if loop?
8. What happen to control if a exit command is encountered in a script?
9. What are use of break and continue statement?
10. Describe environment variables of UNIX.
11. How do you access values of an array?
12. Describe the various constructs along with examples.
13. How do you reference a variable?
14. What does the dot command do?
15. List some meta characters.
16. What is the difference between @ and ! in pattern matching.
17. Define command and variable substitution.
18. What is flow control?
19. Write the syntax of a shell function.
20. How is a function called from the prompt?