Department of Mathematics

Functional Analysis
Assignment-I

1. Let n, k ≥ 1 and T : Rn → Rk be a linear map. Show that T is continuous.

2. Let n ≥ 2. Show that the function f : R → R defined by f (x) = xn is differentiable and

find the derivative dfx .

3. Use the series expansion of ex and ex+y = ex ey for x, y ∈ R to show that the function
f (x) = ex is differentiable. What is the derivative dfx of f ?

4. Show that the following maps are differentiable and find the derivative in each case. Let
m, n ≥ 2 and k ≥ 1.

(a) Let f : R2 → R be defined by f (x, y) := (ex cos y, ex sin y).

(b) Let f : M (n, R) → M (n, R) be the map defined by f (A) = Ak .
(c) Let f : Rn → R be the map defined by f (x) := hx, xi.
(d) Let f : Rn × Rn → R be defined by f (x, y) := hx, yi.
Qn
(e) Let f : Rn → R be the function defined by f (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) := i=1 xi .
(f) Let A : Rn → Rn be a linear map and f : Rn → R be defined by f (x) := hAx, xi.
(g) Let A : Rm → Rn be linear and f : Rm × Rn → R be defined by f (x, y) := hAx, yi.
(h) Let f, g : Rn → R be two differentiable functions and h : Rn → R be defined by
h(x) = f (x)g(x).
(i) Let f and g be as above and h : Rn × Rn → R be defined by h(x, y) = f (x)g(y).

5. Let n ≥ 1 and U be an open subset of Rn . Let f : U → R be a differentiable function.

Show that f is continuous on U .

6. Let U be as above and f : U → R be a differentiable function such that for all x in U ,

f (x) 6= 0. Show that the function f1 : U → R defined by f (x)
1
is differentiable on U and
find its derivative.

7. Let f : Rn → R be a function such that for all x, y in Rn , |f (x) − f (y)| ≤ kx − y k2 . Is

the function f differentiable? If it is, what is its derivative?

8. Let f : Rn → Rk be a function such that for all x, y in Rn , kf (x) − f (y)k ≤ kx − y k2 .

Is the function f differentiable? If it is, what is its derivative?

9. Check the continuity, existence of partial derivatives, directional derivatives and the
differentiability of the following functions f : R2 → R.

 √ xy for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(a) f (x, y) := x2 +y 2 .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)
(
xy
2 2 for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(b) f (x, y) := x +y .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

1
 x2 y
(
x4 +y 2
for (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
(c) f (x, y) := .
0 for (x, y) = (0, 0)

10. Find the directional derivative of the functions

(a) f : R2 → R defined by f (x, y) := xy at x = (0, 1) and (cos α, sin α).

(b) f : R3 → R defined by f (x, y, z) := xyz at x = (0, 1, 0) and v = (cos α, sin α cos β, sin α sin β).

11. Find the Jacobian matrix of the differentiable functions

(a) f : R2 → R3 defined by f (u, v) := (u2 + v 2 , uv, u2 − v 2 ).

(b) f : R2 → R3 defined by f (u, v) := (u + v, u − v, u2 − v 2 ).
(c) g : R3 → R defined by g(x, y, z) := x2 + y 2 + z 2 .
(d) f : Rn → R defined by f (x) := hAx, xi where A : Rn → Rn is linear.

12. Let f : R2 → R3 defined by f (u, v) := (u + v, u − v, u2 − v 2 ) and g : R3 → R defined by

g(x, y, z) := x2 + y 2 + z 2 . Show that g ◦ f is differentiable, find its derivative and the
Jacobian matrix.

13. Show that the function f : R2 → R defined by f (x, y) = sin(xy) is differentiable and
find its derivative.