Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
____________________
A Research Paper is
Presented to the
Panel of Judges
____________________
____________________
Elliuterio, Arlene P.
Francisco, Jerico
Santos, Aizaniza
1
October 2018
Approval Sheet
This research entitled “Factors of Absenteeism Affecting Students of Dr. Pablito
Mendoza Sr. High School in partial fulfillment of the requirements in the subject
Practical Research II, is recommended for acceptance and approval for oral examination.
ISABELITA S. CANOZA
School Principal
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to thank the following who become part for the
completion of this research paper. First of all, to the Almighty God who gives strength,
wisdom, gift of life and guidance. Next, to the parents of the researchers that gave
financial assistance and full support. Third, to Mr. Eduardo E. Lacuata, the researcher’s
adviser for sharing his expertise on the field of research. Next, to Mrs. Ma. Teresita G.
Calapis who assisted the researchers in dealing with their struggles and helping them to
gain confidence. Also, to Mrs. Isabelita S. Canoza, the Assistant School Principal who sat
as one of the panels for the Final Defense held last October 16, 2018. To Engineer
Roberto M. Tapang, who serves as the chairman of the panels. Lastly, to the respondents
who gave their precious time to answer the questionaire given by the researchers about
the Factors Affecting the Absenteeism of Students. The special thanks coming from the
researchers will always remain uncountable. Every effort, every knowledge and every
details that they recieve will give an assurance that it will only be used for academic
purposes.
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………… 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………… 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………. 4
INTRODUCTION
Background………………………………………………………………….... 6
Hypothesis ……………………………………………………………………. 8
METHODOLOGY
Research Instrument………………………………………………………….. 10
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………………….. 11
RESULTS
Figure 1………………………………………………………………………. 13
Figure 2………………………………………………………………………. 14
Analysis ……………………………………………………………………... 15
DISCUSSION
4
Interpretation of data ……………………………………………………….. 18
Summary of Findings……………………………………………………….. 18
Intervention ………………………………………………………………… 18
REFERENCES…………………………………………...……………………… 20
APPENDICES
A. Permission Letter for the Adviser ……................................................... 22
B. Permission Letter for the Principal...………………………….……….. 23
C. Questionnaire for the Selected Students……………………………….. 24
JOURNAL ……………………………………………………………………… 28
CURRICULUM VITAE………………………………………………………… 32
5
INTRODUCTION
Education is one of the most important thing that anyone can have. This is
absolute and cannot be taken by anyone. Being educated is not easy as it goes to a lot of
process for a person to learn something new. In the 21st century, with the new education
system being applied by the government, many of the students can enter the school with
less worries. It is because of the "free-education" being implemented so that the students
will be able to finish their studies without thinking about the school problems especially
financial problems. Also, with the K-12 Program, skilled and professional individuals for
Philippines schools usually runs from June to March or April to complete the
standard months and days of attending class. According to the Republic Act no. 7797
entitled ‘An Act to Lengthen the School Calendar from Two Hundred (200) Days to Not
More Than Two Hundred Twenty (220), school days must not exceed to 220 days and the
number of months to be filled out were ten months (Republic of the Philippines
public and private schools have to go to school five times a week except if there is a
national holiday wherein the students don’t need to go to school. Students spend 8 to 9
hours a day in school from 7:30am to 4pm or 5pm. The number of hours, weeks, days
and months given to every student is very important because there is a Curriculum Guide
that serves as the guide for the teachers. If a student doesn’t go to school, he lost the
chance to get new information and learn something new and he\she is practicing the
absenteeism.
6
Absenteeism is the most common and very alarming problem that was
encountered by many teachers and schools across the country (Goldstein & Little,2014).
problem when the student is away from school for many days (Murcia,2015). According
to Eneza Education (2013) (a virtual tutor and teacher’s assistant that gives relevant data
etc.), absenteeism in school is the habit of staying away from school without providing a
genuine or any reason for not attending classes. It is a bad habit that should not be
exercise by the students because every hour that they skipped in class is equal to one
From the action research of Murcia (2015), she identified the factors that affects
the student to be absent in school. There are five (5) factors such as physical factors
Education (2017), said that issues related to the student's physical and mental health
appears directly related to student attendance. Researchers find that students are less
likely to attend school when they perceived their classes are boring or irrelevant
(Wagstaff, Combs, & Jarvis, 2000) as cited by (Indiana Department of Education, 2017).
Based on the situation that was given by Murcia (2015) teacher-related is about the
approach of the teacher to the students, the strategies of teachers in teaching and the
views of student to the teacher. Researchers have also associated the conditions of the
school facility, particularly the school's ventilation system, with student attendance
7
stated that the past research has suggested that family characteristics such as the number
of parents in household and parental practices all influence student attendance, as well.
For example, students from single-parent families are more likely to miss school than
Education, 2017).
different topic), there are four (4) types of absence: authorized or excused absence the
state of being absent in school wherein the parents inform the teachers that their child
will not be going to school on a specific and valid reason and how long it will be,
unauthorized or unexcused absence the state of being out in the school without informing
the teachers why they were absent in a specific day or days, lateness wherein a student
doesn’t come at the proper school time and skipped some lessons and truancy the
multiple unexcused absent of students without their parents, teachers and schools’
knowledge.
in influencing behavior, to the near exclusion of innate or inherited factors. This amounts
conditioning (collectively known as 'learning theory'). Therefore, when born our mind is
Hence, this study is conducted to identify the biggest factor that the students of
Dr. Pablito V. Mendoza Sr. High School experience that makes them absent and the
possible solutions and remedies to eradicate or minimize absenteeism. There were a total
8
The researchers come up with the hypothesis that health issue or concerns to
health of students is the main reason why students were absent from school.
This research will benefit the following: school administrators, teachers, parents,
student itself and the future researchers. School administrators will have the idea of the
factors affecting the student absenteeism in school and the possible solutions they can use
like calling the attention of the teachers related to the students and have a one on one
about the case of the absent student. The teachers will be aware of what are the factors
affecting student absence in school and have some possible solutions like asking for some
help to the Guidance Councilor on discussing the importance of coming to school to the
students. The parents can motivate their children on going to school like giving some
rewards. The students will know the importance of going to school and the factors that
they don’t know affects them. For the future researchers, they can use this paper as their
basis.
9
METHODOLOGY
The researchers used descriptive survey method in this study, where it is used to
questions about how, when, why rather it addresses the “what” question (Ibarrientos,
action research with regards to the student’s absenteeism. The survey questionnaire is
composed of two parts. Part I deals with the profile of the respondents in terms of name,
sex, grade and section and age. Part II contains the questions that was presented in table.
Mendoza Sr. High School. The selected participants will come from Grade 7, Grade 8,
Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, and Grade 12. The respondents were chosen through
purposive sampling wherein the researchers will select the students that fit to their study
who meet their objectives. The selection of the respondents where based on the number
of absences the student has. If the student meets the 10 and above number of absences
he/she will be one of the respondents. The SF2 of the teachers that contains the
10
Here in, there were a total of 37 respondents for this survey-questionnaire. This
Grade 9, 8 respondents from Grade 10, 12 respondents from Grade 11, and 8 respondents
from Grade 12. After gathering all the answered survey-questionnaire, the responses were
administering the questionnaire as much as possible done during vacant time. But there
were some instances that the researcher must excused the respondents to their class for
the respondents to finish the whole survey questionnaire. If the respondent is not around
the school, the researcher will deliver it to them personally. After the conduction of
survey, all the data gathered will be tallied and subjected to the statistical treatment.
Formula: P = f x 100
Where:
P is percentage
F is frequency
n is number of respondents
The response average or the mean was computed by multiplying the percentage of
responses by the equivalent value of each frequency and then adding them all.
11
The responses were analyzed using a five-point Likert scale with the following
equivalent:
12
RESULTS
Figure 1
Frequency
(5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
A. Physical
Factor
1. Our house is far from 8 7 9 1 12
the school
2. It is unsafe to go to 9 4 2 6 16
school
3. Nobody accompanies 7 5 10 4 11
me in going to school since
it is far.
B. Health
Factor
1. I have toothache 4 2 6 9 15
2. My stomach hurts 3 1 13 8 12
3. I have headache 2 3 13 6 10
4. I’m down with fever/flu 1 2 10 15 8
5. I have other diseases 2 3 9 6 13
like diarrhea, etc.
C. Personal
Attitude
1. I am not interested in 5 3 11 2 16
my studies
2. I feel lazy 2 1 18 6 10
3. My friends influence me 2 1 10 4 20
to be absent from my
classes
4. I can’t concentrate on 9 5 8 9 6
my studies
13
5. I didn’t wake up early 3 3 15 6 10
6. I did not study or make 2 3 16 6 10
my assignments the night
before.
7. I got fond of playing 6 3 8 4 15
computer games.
D. Teacher-
Related
Factors
1. My teacher scolded me 3 2 11 5 15
2. I can’t understand my 5 2 16 7 7
teacher’s lessons.
3. I don’t like my teacher 1 0 5 4 26
E. Classroom
Atmosphere
1. Our classroom is hot 8 3 12 6 8
and uncomfortable
2. It’s noisy inside our 7 3 13 5 9
classroom
3.A classmate/classmates 1 3 5 4 23
bully me.
4. I have no friends in our 5 1 5 2 24
class
F. Home-Related
Factors
1. My parents ask me to be 3 3 5 7 17
absent from class
2. My parents quarreled 0 1 7 7 18
3. My parents don’t care 6 1 3 3 22
about my studies
4. I’m too pre-occupied 7 1 11 8 9
with household chores
5. I have no money to buy 4 2 6 6 17
snacks in school
6. We have no food/I did 0 5 7 2 21
not eat
Figure 1 shows the tallied scores of the respondents of Dr. Pablito V. Mendoza
Figure 2
Factors (value x %) Mean
A. Physical
14
1 1.8 .76 .73 .05 .32 3.66
Total 3
Average
B. Health
Total 2.18
Average
C. Personal
Attitude
15
5 .41 .32 1.22 .32 .27 2.54
Total 2.47
Average
D. Teacher
Related
Total 2.15
Average
E.
Classroom
Atmosphere
16
Total 2.35
Average
F. Home
Related
Total 1.98
Average
Figure 2 contains the mean of each given frequency that was divided to the
number of respondents and multiplied in 100 to get the percentage and the percentage
that was multiplied on the equivalent value of the given frequency and also the total
According to the results of the respondents answer the biggest factor of student
absenteeism is the Physical Factor that has the total average mean of 3. It is followed by
the Personal attitude that has the total average mean of 2.47, Classroom Atmosphere with
17
the total average mean of 2.35, Health with 2.18 total average mean, Teacher Related
with 2.15 and lastly the Home Related factor with the total average mean of 1.98.
The researcher identified the specific situation that makes students absent in
The result of the survey revealed that Health factor is not the biggest factor of
absenteeism in school, it is rated as the number four factor that contributes on student
absenteeism.
DISCUSSION
This study pertained to the biggest factor that affects student absenteeism. The 37
respondents of the said study were taken from the Grade 7 to Grade 12 students of Dr.
Pablito V. Mendoza Sr. High School. The data were gathered through a survey
questionnaire.
The researchers determined that among all the factors presented, physical factor is
the primary reason why students are absent from their class. House is far from the school
is the specific reason in physical factor. Personal attitude, classroom atmosphere, health
In over-all assessment, the physical factor got a total average mean of 3, the
personal attitude got the total average mean of 2.47, the classroom atmosphere got 2.35,
18
health factor got 2.18, while the teacher related factor has 2.15 and the factor that has the
smallest mean was the home related factor that has 1.98 mean.
The researchers at least get three (3) factors and give the intervention plan in each
factors identified.
them
status
behavior
19
Schools can give feeding programs
REFERENCES
Internet
Department of Education (2017). School Calendar for School Year 2017-2018. Retrieved
from http://www.deped.gov.ph/2017/05/05/do-25-s-2017-school-calendar-for-
school-year-2017-2018/
https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/enezaeducation.com/absenteeism-in-
school/amp/
20
Psychology’s Role. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03340901
https://prezi.com/3rdptjum29u9/descriptive-method/
from Https://Www.Doe.In.Gov/Student-Services/Attendance/Contributing-
Factors-Absenteeism
https://www.simplypsychology.org/behaviorism.html
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/absenteeism
Murcia, Loren (2015). Action Research On Student and Pupil Absenteeism in School.
absenteeism
Https://Www.Thurrock.Gov.Uk/School-Attendance-And-Absence/Types-Of-
Absence
21
APPENDIX A
We, Grade 12 students of Dr. Pablito V. Mendoza Sr. High School will be conducting a
research as part of our requirements in our subject Practical Research II. In accordance to
22
this, we are requesting you to be our research consultant/adviser in making this paper
possible.
Respectfully yours:
Noted by:
APPENDIX B
We, Grade 12 students of Dr. Pablito V. Mendoza Sr. High School is currently working
on the research entitled “Factors Absenteeism Affecting Students of Dr. Pablito V.
Mendoza Sr. High School” as part of our partial fulfillment to our subject Practical
23
Research II. We would like to ask for your permission to conduct a data gathering
procedure for Dr. Pablito V. Mendoza Sr. High School student about the said topic.
Respectfully yours:
Noted by:
APPENDIX C
Survey Questionnaire
24
A.3 Grade and Section:
______________________________________________________
A.4 Age:_____
Likert Scale:
The following questions will be scored with the scale below.
Always – 5
Very Often – 4
Sometimes– 3
Rarely – 2
Never – 1
DIRECTION: Please provide all pertinent information to the items below by checking
the appropriate blanks. Please do not leave any item blank.
Section B. Questionnaire
25
1. I have toothache
2. My stomach hurts
3. I have headache
4. I’m down with fever/flu
1. I am not interested in my
studies
2. I feel lazy
3. My friends influence me to
be absent from my classes
4. I can’t concentrate in my
studies
5. I didn’t wake up early
1. My teacher scolded me
2. I can’t understand my
teacher’s lessons.
3. I don’t like my teacher
E. Classroom Atmosphere
26
3. A classmate/classmates bully
me.
4. I have no friends in our class
F. Home-Related Factors
1. My parents ask me to be
absent from class
2. My parents quarreled
27
JOURNAL
I found quantitative research a little bit easier that the last year research which is
qualitative research. It is more concise than the qualitative because you don’t need so
much explanation. And this year group were bigger than last year so we finish the
gathering of data as soon as possible. I have so many members but some of them doesn’t
show up in school every day so I got pissed and don’t bother to think of them but so far
-Catherine
28
JOURNAL
Last year, we conduct qualitative research. It is little bit harder for me because
that time I don’t have any backgrounds about doing or making research paper. This year
choose this topic because we want to lessen the cases of absenteeism. Sometimes we get
mad with each other because some of our groupmates are not participating. Our leader
Catherine sometimes leaves us behind because we are not listening when she is
discussing about our research paper. Even though she leaves us sometimes she still
encouraging us to do our research paper and she always tells us to rest if we’re tired and
-Michelle
29
JOURNAL
Back when we are conducting are qualitative research I felt so nervous when our
subject teacher asked me different question I can’t answer. But when we are finish our 1st
defense I was so happy because the panel has a good feedback about our paper. Back
respondents because the SF 1 of all adviser need to determine who commit the 10
absences and up we felt tired of gaining the respondents. When we are asking for the
“Absenteeism” our respondents are keep on absenting every day and also when we are
near to the finish we gone the list of respondents and do again the same back from the
first day. So there are so many difficulties we encountered during this research but we
-Romerson
30
JOURNAL
Doing quantitative research is not easy. Statistics, statistical tools, research design
these are only 3 of the things that made it difficult. In dealing with this kind of study
(Factors Affecting the Absenteeism), it goes a lot of process and of course, PATIENCE.
Because, sometimes the respondents of the study are not around the four corners of the
school ground, meaning they are ABSENT. So, it gives us the hard time in the data
collection. Then the literatures, studies, theories. We should read it all throughout and
find out if they will fit our current study. There is also a time that I want to give up
because nothing is happening. The final defense is near but we are still in the data
throw the chairs outside and wreck everything inside the classroom. But nothing will
happen if I do that. The research study won’t finish if wreck and throw everything. All in
all, even though everything does not go SMOOTH for the researchers, it is still a
-John Webb
31
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018 – Present
2013 – 2017
32
2007 – 2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018 – Present
2013 – 2017
33
2007 – 2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018 - Present
2013 - 2017
34
Malamig, Bustos, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018- Present
2013-2017
35
Bonga Menor, Bustos, Bulacan
2007-2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
Malamig,Bustos,Bulacan
2018 - Present
2013 - 2017
2007 - 2013
36
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018- Present
2013-2017
37
Poblacion, Bustos, Bulacan
2007 - 2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018-Present
2013-2017
38
Bunga Menor, Bustos, Bulacan
2007-2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
E-mail address:
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018-Present
2013-2017
39
2007-2013
Curriculum Vitae
Personal Background
Status: Single
EDUCATION
Secondary:
2018-Present
2013-2017
40
2011-2013
41