NATURAL VENTILATION

SUBMMITTED BY :-
KIRAN MAI DAS
B.ARCH IX SEMESTER
DCA , ANJORA, DURG
AIM-
• TO STUDY THE APPLICATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION AND
TECHNIQUES USED TO MINIMIZE EXTERNAL ENERGY AND
ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF BUILDING.

OBJECTIVE–
• TO STUDY HOW TO OPTIMIZE NATURAL VENTILATION IN
BUILDINGS AND TO MINIMIZE MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FOR
VENTILATION

• TO STUDY THE SPECIFIC APPROACH AND DESIGN OF NATURAL

VENTILATION SYSTEMS WHICH VARIES AND BASED ON BUILDING
TYPE AND LOCAL CLIMATE .

• TO STUDY THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF FUNCTIONS AND TECHNIQUES

USED FOR NATURAL VENTILATION .
NATURAL VENTILATION TYPES

WIND

BUOYANCY
WIND
WIND BLOWS THROUGH INLET ON WINDWARD
SIDE
AND COMES OUT FROM LEEWARD SIDE FROM
OPENINGS AND ROOF.
AN EXPRESSION FOR THE VOLUME OF AIRFLOW
INDUCED BY WIND IS:-
QWIND = K X A X V, WHERE
QWIND = VOLUME OF AIRFLOW (M³/H)
A = AREA OF SMALLER OPENING (M²)
V = OUTDOOR WIND SPEED (M/H)
K = COEFFICIENT OF EFFECTIVENESS
BUOYANCY:-
• BUOYANCY OCCURS WHEN DIFFERENCE IN
TEMPERATURE OF OUTDOOR AND INDOOR AIR

• IT CAN BE TEMPERATURE INDUCED :- EG. STACK

VENTILATION

• OR IT CAN BE HUMIDITY INDUCED :- EG. COOL

TOWER
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE :-
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WARM AIR
INSIDE AND COOL AIR OUTSIDE CAN CAUSE THE AIR IN
THE ROOM TO RISE AND EXIT AT THE CEILING OR
RIDGE, AND ENTER VIA LOWER OPENINGS IN THE
WALL.
 HUMIDITY INDUCED:-
• THE COOL AIR IS HEAVY DUE TO ITS HUMDITY
CONTENT AND DROPS DOWN TO THE INDOOR
AREA .
• IT CAN BE ACHIEVED PROPERLY WITH A COOL
TOWER OR WIND CATCHER OR MALQAF AND
BADGIR
• COOL TOWER VENTILATION IS ONLY EFFECTIVE
WHERE OUTDOOR HUMIDITY IS VERY LOW
 WHAT IS NATURAL VENTILATION ?
• NATURAL VENTILATION IS THE PROCESS OF
SUPPLYING AND REMOVING AIR THROUGH A SPACE
BY NATURAL MEANS IT CAN BE ACHIEVED WITH
OPENABLE WINDOWS OR TRICKLE VENTS.
• NATURAL VENTILATION AND AIR MOVEMENT CAN BE
SIMPLY ACHEVIED BY ‘STRUCTURAL CONTROLS’ AS IT
DOES NOT DEPENDS ON ANY FORM OF EXTERNAL
ENERGY SUPPLY OR MECHANICAL INSTALLATION.

SECTION SHOWING AIR FLOW

 WHY NATURAL VENTILATION ?
• NATURAL VENTLILATION STARTED FROM HISTORY
ACCORDING TO THE DIFFERENT CLIMATES

TYPICAL SECTION THROUGH SHAHAJAHANABAD HOUSE. TO

FACILITATE THE MOMENT OF COOL AIR INTO THE HOUSE,
PARAPETS ARE NOT BUIL TOWARDS THE COURTYARD
 VARIOUS TECHNQUES USED IN OLD
TIMES :-
•
WINDOW FOR VIEW AN
JALI VENTILATION USED
AT
AMBER FORT

MULTI-DIRECTIONAL
WINDCATCHER

DOUBLE APERTURES
USED FOR ENSURING
VENTILATION
IN SHAHJAHANABAD
HOUSES

COLUMN COURTYARD COOLING SYSTEM-DIWAN E-KHAS, RED FORT, DELHI

 WHY NATURAL VENTILATION
• THEN PEOPLE STARTED
USING EXTERNAL
ENERGY FOR THERMAL
COMFORT.

• TIME PASSES AND IT

GROWNED UP IN
MORE SOPHISTICATED
WAY.
 WHY NATURAL VENTILATION
AND AGAIN DUE
TO ENERGY CRISES
AND COMLEXITY
OF INSTALLATION
AND FOR THE
NEW LINE OF
EVOLUTION
PEOPLE STARTED
USING NATURAL
VENTILATION

FLOW OF AIR IN KANCHANJANGA APARTMENT MUMBAI

 DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE
NATURAL VENTILATION:-
• STACK EFFECT
• WIND TOWER
• COURTYARD EFFECT
• SOLAR CHIMNEY
 STACK EFFECT :-
STACK EFFECT DEPENDS ON THERMAL FORCES AND
DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE .
REASON OF STACK EFFECT :-
• PRESSURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE OUTSIDE AIR
AND THE AIR INSIDE THE BUILDING CAUSED BY
DIFFERENCE IN TEMPERATURE

Outdoor air Outdoor air

Section
• STACK EFFECT WORK WELL – WINTER
• HIGHER THE SHAFT AND CROSS SECTION AREA
GREATER THE STACK EFFECT
• ‘MOTIVE FORCE’ – STACK PRESSURE
• STACK PRESSURE CAN BE CALCULATED FROM:-
• PS = 0.0042 × ℎ × ∆T TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE IN
DEG C

HEIGHT OF THE
STACK IN M

STACK PRESSURE
IN N/M2
 STACK VENTILATION SECTIONS :-

TALL ROOMS TALL ROOMS AT EDGE

TALL ROOMS WITHIN STAIRS AS STACK

 WIND TOWER
• AIR ENTERS IN WIND TOWER THROUGH OPENINGS-
COOLED DOWN- BECOMES HEAVIER AND SINKS DOWN (
PRESENCE OF AIR MOVEMENT)

• AFTER WHOLE DAY AIR EXCHANGE – TOWER BECOMES

WARM IN THE EVENING .

• TOWER WALLS ABSORBS HEAT DURING DAYTIME AND

RELASES AT NIGHT WARMING COOL NIGHT AIR AT NIGHT.
WIND TOWER

A TYPICAL WIND TOWER SECTION

 DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIND TOWERS :-

WATER SUPPLY

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

MULTI DIRECTIONAL WIND CATCHER

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING METHOD

WIND TOWER AND EVAPORATIVE
TECHNIQUE USED IN INDIA :-
VENTS CONNECTING WIND
TOWER

A VIEW OF THE WIND TOWER

USED IN A HOSTEL BUILDING
(JODHPUR)
 WIND TOWER AND EVAPORATIVE
TECHNIQUE USED IN INDIA :-

SECTION OF THE BUILDING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING
SYSTEM IN TORRENT RESEARCH
CENTRE, (AHMEDABAD)
PLAN OF THE BUILDING
 COURTYARD EFFECT:-
DUE TO INCIDENT SOLAR RADIATION IN A COURTYARD,
AIR GETS WARMER AND RISES , COOL AIR FROM
GROUND LEVEL FLOWS THROUGH THE LOWER
OPENINGS
RADIATION TO SKY

LANDSCAPE OR WATER BODY

SECTION SHOWING COURTYARD EFFECT
 HOW COURTYARD COURTYARD EFFECT
WORK:-
IN SUCH PLACES NIGHT VENTILATION IS NOT VERY EFFECTIVE FOR
COOLING AND NIGHT SKY RADIATION IS THE ONLY ANSWER.
TO FACILITATE THE MOMENT OF
PARAPET TOWARDS ROAD
COOL AIR INTO THE
SIDE TO AVOID OUTSIDE
HOUSE,PARAPETS ARE NOT BUILT
HEAT
TOWARDS LIVING AREA

SECTION OF SAHAJANABAD DELHI

COURTYARD IN MODERN BUILDING :-

VIEW

SUNKEN COURTYARD INSIDE

THE BUILDING WITH WATER
BODY AND LANDSCAPE
PLAN
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF INDIAN STUDIES (GURGAON):-
NATURAL VENTILATION EXTERNAL
FEATURES:-
• ORIENTATION OF BUILDINGS
• POSITION OF OPENINGS
• CROSS VENTILATION
• SIZE OF OPENINGS
• OPENING TYPES
 MASSING AND ORIENTATION OF
BUILDING:-
• AS A GENERAL RULE, THIN TALL BUILDINGS WILL
ENCOURAGE NATURAL VENTILATION AND UTILIZE
PREVAILING WINDS, CROSS VENTILATION, AND STACK
EFFECT.
• TALL BUILDINGS ALSO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
NATURAL VENTILATION, BECAUSE WIND SPEEDS ARE FASTER
AT GREATER HEIGHTS

Tall buildings improve natural

ventilation, and in lower latitudes
reduce sun exposure.
 OREINTATION :-
ORIENTING THE BUILDING SO
THAT THE SHORTER AXIS ALIGN
WITH THE PREVAILING WIND

WHILE ORIENTING IT
PERPENDICULAR TO PREVAILING
WINDS WILL PROVIDE THE LEAST
PASSIVE VENTILATION.
 OPENING SIZE:-

SMALL
LARGE INLET
OUTLET

Pairing a large outlet with a small inlet

increases incoming wind speed.
 OPENING TYPE:-

OPENING CAN BE ANY TYPE ACCORDING TO THE

BUILDING TYPE AND CLIMATIC CONDITION
 CROSS VENTILATION:-

WINDOWS OR VENTS PLACED ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF

THE BUILDING GIVE NATURAL BREEZES A PATHWAY
THROUGH THE STRUCTURE.
SCOPE –
• TO MINIMIZE THE EXTERNAL ENERGY OR MECHANICAL SYSTEM.

• IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM- NATURAL

DAYLIGHTING CAN BE PROVIDED.

• THERMAL COMFORT CAN BE ACQUIRED WITH LESS ECONOMICAL

BUDGET
LIMITATION -

CALCULATION OF WIND THROUGH DIFFERENT

TOOLS